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Liu M, Zhang T, Zang C, Cui X, Li J, Wang G. Preparation, optimization, and in vivo evaluation of an inhaled solution of total saponins of Panax notoginseng and its protective effect against idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:1718-1728. [PMID: 33307846 PMCID: PMC7738294 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1856222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive pulmonary disease that can cause fibrotic remodeling of the surrounding lung, thus leading to respiratory failure. Although IPF is the most common form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, the precise mechanisms underlying this condition remain unknown. In this study, we used total saponins of Panax notoginseng inhalation solution (TIS) to induce idiopathic bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. The uniformity of delivery dose was investigated by analyzing the aerodynamic particle size distribution and drug stability. The potential of hydrogen potential of hydrogen (pH) of the inhalation solution was 7.0 and the solvent 0.9% NaCl solution, thus meeting physiological requirements for pulmonary drug administration. The delivery rate was 1.94 ± 0.16 mg·min-1 and the total dose was 17.40 ± 0.04 mg. TIS was composed of five key components: notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rg1, ginsenosides Re, ginsenosides Rb1, and ginsenosides Rd. The mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) for these five components were 3.62 ± 0.05 µm, 3.62 ± 0.06 µm, 3.65 ± 0.10 µm, 3.62 ± 0.06 µm, and 3.61 ± 0.05 µm, respectively. Fine particle fraction (FPF) was 66.24 ± 0.73%, 66.20 ± 0.89%, 66.07 ± 1.42%, 66.18 ± 0.79%, and 66.29 ± 0.70%, respectively. The MMAD for inhalation solutions needs to be 1-5 µm, which indicates that the components of TIS are suitable for inhalation. It is important to control the particle size of targeted drugs to ensure that the drug is delivered to the appropriate target tissue. In vitro experiments indicated that TIS exhibited high rates of deposition in lung tissue, thus indicating that pulmonary delivery systems may represent a good therapeutic option for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolan Cui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianliang Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Fróes SDP, Souza ABFD, Matos NAD, Philips NE, Costa GDP, Talvani A, Cangussú SD, Bezerra FS. Intranasal instillation of distilled water, hypertonic saline and sodium bicarbonate promotes redox imbalance and acute lung inflammation in adult mice. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2019; 266:27-32. [PMID: 31028848 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bronchial obstruction, caused by retained secretions, is often treated by the administration of mucoactive agents including distilled water, saline, hypertonic saline, and sodium bicarbonate. However, the inflammatory effect of these solutions on the lungs remains unclear. This study evaluated the instillation effects of different solutions on oxidative stress and lung inflammatory response in C57BL/6 mice. Fifty C57BL/6 mice were divided into 5 groups: control (CG); distilled water (DWG), hypertonic saline (HSG), saline (SG) and sodium bicarbonate (SBG). CG was exposed to ambient air while DWG, HSG, SG and SBG had 50 μl of respective solutions administered intranasally for 5 consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the last intranasal instillation, all animals were euthanized for subsequent analysis. All solutions promoted increased recruitment of inflammatory cells to the lung compared to controls. Superoxide dismutase activity was lower in HSG compared to all other groups; catalase activity was reduced in SG, while it increased in SBG and DWG compared to CG. Finally, there was an increase in the inflammatory markers TNF-α, CCL2 and IFN-γ in DWG compared to CG, SG and HSG. In conclusions, the intranasal instillation of different solutions promotes redox imbalance and inflammation on lungs of adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Dias Pozzolini Fróes
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology (LAFEx), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Center of Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Farias de Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology (LAFEx), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Center of Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Brazil
| | - Natália Alves de Matos
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology (LAFEx), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Center of Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Brazil
| | - Nicole Elizabeth Philips
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael´s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Guilherme de Paula Costa
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation (LABIIN), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Center of Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Brazil
| | - André Talvani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation (LABIIN), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Center of Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Brazil
| | - Sílvia Dantas Cangussú
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology (LAFEx), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Center of Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Brazil
| | - Frank Silva Bezerra
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology (LAFEx), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Center of Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Brazil; Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael´s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Habukawa C, Murakami K, Sugitani K, Ohtani T, Saputra GP, Kashiyama K, Nagasaka Y, Wada S. Changes in lung sounds during asthma progression in a guinea pig model. Allergol Int 2016; 65:425-431. [PMID: 27499508 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung sound analysis is useful for objectively evaluating airways even in children with asymptomatic asthma. However, the relationship between lung sounds and morphological changes in the airways has not been elucidated. We examined the relationship between lung sounds and chronic morphological changes in the airways during the progression of asthma from onset in guinea pigs. METHODS Eleven male guinea pigs were examined; of these, seven were used as asthma models and four as controls. The asthma models were sensitized and repeatedly challenged by inhaling albumin chicken egg. We measured lung sounds and lung function twice a week for 21 weeks. After the final antigen challenge, the lungs were excised for histological examination. We measured the ratio of airway wall thickness to the total airway area and the ratio of the internal area to the total airway area in the trachea, third bronchi, and terminal bronchioles. RESULTS Among the lungs sounds, the difference between the two groups was greatest with respect to inspiratory sound intensity. The ratio of airway wall thickness to the total airway area of the terminal bronchioles was greater in the asthma models than in the controls, and it correlated best with the changes in inspiratory sound intensity in the 501-1000-Hz range (r = 0.76, p < 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Lung sound intensity in the middle frequency range from 501 to 1000 Hz correlated with peripheral airway wall thickness. Inspiratory sound intensity appeared to be an indicator of morphological changes in small airways in asthma.
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Campos KKD, Leal SF, Costa DC, de Lima WG, Bezerra FS. Long-term exposure to ultrasonically nebulized distilled water and saline causes cellular influx and oxidative stress in lung tissue of rats. Exp Lung Res 2016; 41:546-53. [PMID: 26651882 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2015.1109736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate of the effect of distilled water and saline ultrasonic nebulization on the inflammatory and oxidative stress responses and on the lower airway architecture. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one male Fischer rats were distributed into 3 groups of 7 animals each: a control group (CG), exposed to ambient air; a saline group (SG), exposed to 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl); and a group exposed to distilled water (DWG). The exposure was carried out in a box attached to an ultrasonic inhaler, occurring for 20 min, 3 times a day for 6 months. At 24h after the last exposure, the animals were euthanized. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs were collected for study. RESULTS There was an increase of inflammatory cells in the pulmonary tissue BALF in the DWG compared with the CG. The DWG showed an increase of inflammatory cells compared with the SG and CG. The DWG and SG had higher NADPH oxidase activity than the CG. The volume density (Vv) of the alveolar septum was higher in the DWG than in the SG and CG, and the DWG also had a higher Vv of collagen fibers than the other 2 groups. The DWG presented elevated content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in lung homogenates relative to the SG and CG. CONCLUSIONS The ultrasonic nebulization of distilled water increased the influx of inflammatory cells and oxidative damage, and promoted changes in the lung architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keila Karine Duarte Campos
- a Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology (LAFEX), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI) , Center of Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP) , Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Simone Floresta Leal
- b Graduating in Medicine, School of Medicine , Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP) , Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniela Caldeira Costa
- c Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry (LBM), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Center of Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB) , Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP) , Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Geraldo de Lima
- d Laboratory of Morphopathology (LMP), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Center of Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB) , Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP) , Ouro Preto , MG , Brazil
| | - Frank Silva Bezerra
- a Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology (LAFEX), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI) , Center of Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP) , Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
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Aissaoui A, Chami M, Hussein M, Miller AD. Efficient topical delivery of plasmid DNA to lung in vivo mediated by putative triggered, PEGylated pDNA nanoparticles. J Control Release 2011; 154:275-84. [PMID: 21699935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-viral vectors are considered safer than viral vectors and show clinical potential, but remain less efficient in terms of DNA delivery. Here we report how cationic liposomes, prepared from new cationic lipid, N',N',-dioctadecyl-N-4,8-diaza-10-aminodecanoylglycine amide (DODAG) and neutral lipid dioleoyl-L-α-phos-phatidylethanolamine (DOPE), can be formulated with plasmid DNA (pDNA) in the presence of stabilizer cholesteryl-oxycarbonylpolyethlylene glycol(4600) (PEG(4600)-Chol) giving PEGylated pDNA nanoparticles (pDNA-ABC nanoparticles) that are proposed to be half-life triggered nanoparticles. In particular, the PEGylated pDNA nanoparticle formulation DODAG/DOPE/PEG(4600)-Chol (43:43:14, m/m/m)-pDNA (total lipid/pDNA ratio 4:1 w/w) (pTRANSplus nanoparticles) is shown to mediate efficient transfection of murine lung tissue in vivo. Levels of transfection compare well with the results of polyethylenimine (PEI) mediated pDNA transfection in vivo and even of adenovirus mediated transduction. Cryo-EM imaging indicates that pTRANSplus formulations are somewhat heterogeneous but do consist primarily of bilammellar lipoplex nanoparticles with a few multilammellar nanoparticle aggregates. Lung histology confirms that pTRANSplus mediated transfection in vivo targets substantially the epithelial cells of bronchii and bronchioli airway passages. The pTRANSplus nanoparticle system is a useful new starting point for nucleic acid therapeutic strategies to counter lung disorders such as viral infection and possibly cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Aissaoui
- Imperial College Genetic Therapies Centre, Department of Chemistry, Flowers Building, Armstrong Road, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Jiang J, George SC. Modeling gas phase nitric oxide release in lung epithelial cells. Nitric Oxide 2011; 25:275-81. [PMID: 21550413 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is present in exhaled breath and is generally considered to be a noninvasive marker of airway inflammation, and is thus of particular relevance to monitoring asthma. NO is produced when L-arginine is converted to L-citrulline by NO synthase (NOS); however, L-arginine is also the substrate for arginase and both enzymes are upregulated in asthma. Recent reports have speculated that enhanced expression of one or both enzymes could lead to a limitation in substrate availability, and hence impact downstream targets or markers such as exhaled NO. The non-linear nature and vastly different kinetics of the enzymes make predictions difficult, particularly over the wide range of enzyme activity between baseline and inflammation. In this study, we developed a steady state model of L-arginine transmembrane transport, NO production, diffusion, and gas phase NO release from lung epithelial cells. We validated our model with experimental results of gas phase NO release and intracellular l-arginine concentration in A549 cells, and then performed a sensitivity analysis to determine relative impact of each enzyme on NO production. Our model predicts intracellular L-arginine and gas phase NO release over a wide range of initial extracellular L-arginine concentrations following stimulation with cytomix (10ng/ml TNF-α, IL-1β, and INF-γ). Relative sensitivity analysis demonstrates that enhanced arginase activity has little impact on l-arginine bioavailability for NOS. In addition, NOS activity is the dominant parameter which impacts gas phase NO release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize physical and inflammatory injury that may result from repeated intubation, independent of positive-pressure ventilation; and to determine whether corticosteroids can attenuate injury and or inflammation that may result from repeated intubation. DESIGN A 4-hr animal protocol. SETTING All work was done in the animal laboratory at the Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children. SUBJECTS Neonatal piglets (2-8 days old; 2.5 ± 0.4 kg) were intubated and randomized to four groups (n = 8 each) to be followed over 4 hrs. Groups were control (not reintubated), injured (reintubated every 0.5 hr), intratracheal pretreatment with 1 mg of nebulized budesonide (intratracheal pretreated), or intravenous pretreatment with 0.3 mg/kg of dexamethasone (intravenous pretreated). INTERVENTION Each pig was sedated for the duration of study and had a 3.5F catheter inserted in the femoral artery for blood sampling and blood pressure measurement every hour. After 4 hrs, each pig was killed, and tissue was harvested for histology and interleukin-6 assays. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Laryngeal tissue interleukin-6 content was greater in the injured group compared with the control group (p < .05). In the intratracheal pretreated group, the interleukin-6 content of laryngeal tissue was greater compared with the control group (p < .05), whereas the intravenous pretreated group was not different from the control group. The reintubation injury resulted in plasma interleukin-6 levels that, compared with control, were greater in the injured and intratracheal pretreated groups (p < .05). Quantitative histology showed that the degree of tracheal injury was higher in injured and intratracheal pretreated groups compared with the control group (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Repeated intubation alone results in significant tracheal trauma and systemic inflammation. Intravenous but not inhaled steroids attenuated the injury.
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8
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Rudolph C, Gleich B, Flemmer AW. Magnetic aerosol targeting of nanoparticles to cancer: nanomagnetosols. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 624:267-280. [PMID: 20217602 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-609-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of aerosols represents the most frequently used drug delivery method for the treatment of lung diseases. To further improve drug efficacy in the lungs, it may be advantageous to control aerosol deposition and target aerosols to diseased or disease-causing lung tissue and cellular structures in order to maximize drug potency and minimize side effects in unaffected tissue. We have recently investigated a novel method which brings aerosol delivery to an advanced level of specificity by making use of magnetic gradient fields to direct magnetizable aerosol droplets containing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) specifically to desired regions of the lungs in mice. In this chapter, we will present a detailed description of this procedure for application in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Rudolph
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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Horváth G, Sorscher EJ. Luminal fluid tonicity regulates airway ciliary beating by altering membrane stretch and intracellular calcium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 65:469-75. [PMID: 18435452 DOI: 10.1002/cm.20273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The coordinated, directional beating of airway cilia drives airway mucociliary clearance. Here we explore the hypothesis that airway surface liquid osmolarity is a key regulator of ciliary beating. Cilia in freshly isolated human and murine airways visualized with streaming video-microscopy exhibited a reciprocal dependence on a physiological range of luminal fluid osmolarities, across the entire range of ciliary activity (0-20 beats per sec). Increasing osmolarity slowed or completely abrogated, while lower osmolarity dramatically stimulated ciliary beating. In parallel, epithelial cell height and importantly, intracellular calcium levels (as judged by fluorescence imaging) also changed. Moreover, ciliary beating was stimulated by isosmotic solutions containing membrane permeant osmolytes, suggesting that cell size and membrane stretch (governed by apical fluid tonicity), rather than osmolarity itself, contribute to the activation. These findings shed light on the pathophysiology of diseases of mucociliary clearance such as cystic fibrosis and other chronic inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Horváth
- Department of Physiology, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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10
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Di Gioia S, Rejman J, Carrabino S, De Fino I, Rudolph C, Doherty A, Hyndman L, Di Cicco M, Copreni E, Bragonzi A, Colombo C, Boyd AC, Conese M. Role of Biophysical Parameters on ex Vivo and in Vivo Gene Transfer to the Airway Epithelium by Polyethylenimine/Albumin Complexes. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:859-66. [DOI: 10.1021/bm701190p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sante Di Gioia
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
| | - Joanna Rejman
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
| | - Salvatore Carrabino
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
| | - Ida De Fino
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
| | - Carsten Rudolph
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
| | - Ann Doherty
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
| | - Laura Hyndman
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
| | - Maurizio Di Cicco
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
| | - Elena Copreni
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
| | - Alessandra Bragonzi
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
| | - Carla Colombo
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
| | - A. Christopher Boyd
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
| | - Massimo Conese
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmacy and Biotechnology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K., Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatra, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli
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Dames P, Gleich B, Flemmer A, Hajek K, Seidl N, Wiekhorst F, Eberbeck D, Bittmann I, Bergemann C, Weyh T, Trahms L, Rosenecker J, Rudolph C. Targeted delivery of magnetic aerosol droplets to the lung. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2007; 2:495-9. [PMID: 18654347 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2007.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The inhalation of medical aerosols is widely used for the treatment of lung disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, respiratory infection and, more recently, lung cancer. Targeted aerosol delivery to the affected lung tissue may improve therapeutic efficiency and minimize unwanted side effects. Despite enormous progress in optimizing aerosol delivery to the lung, targeted aerosol delivery to specific lung regions other than the airways or the lung periphery has not been adequately achieved to date. Here, we show theoretically by computer-aided simulation, and for the first time experimentally in mice, that targeted aerosol delivery to the lung can be achieved with aerosol droplets comprising superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles--so-called nanomagnetosols--in combination with a target-directed magnetic gradient field. We suggest that nanomagnetosols may be useful for treating localized lung disease, by targeting foci of bacterial infection or tumour nodules.
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12
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Muramatsu R, Mochizuki H, Arakawa H, Tokuyama K, Morikawa A. Effect of Inhaled Histamine on Airway Epithelial Cell Swelling in Ozone-Exposed Guinea Pigs. Respiration 2006; 73:673-9. [PMID: 16778414 DOI: 10.1159/000093932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2005] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that histamine stimulates ion channels on airway epithelial cells and induces changes in osmolarity and the ion composition of the periciliary field of airway epithelia. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of inhaled histamine on epithelial cell swelling, we studied the role of airway epithelial cells under histamine inhalation challenge in an animal model of airway inflammation using ozone exposure. METHOD After exposure to 3.0 ppm ozone for 2 h, guinea pigs were anesthetized and tracheostomized, and then, lung resistance (R(L)) was measured. Histamine inhalation challenge and histological examination were performed. RESULT The values of R(L) before histamine inhalation in the control group and the ozone-exposed group were 0.26 +/- 0.11 and 0.45 +/- 0.34 cm H(2)O/s, respectively. R(L) increased significantly after histamine inhalation both in the control and the ozone-exposed groups. The threshold of histamine (PC(200)) in the ozone-exposed group was significantly lower than that in the control group. A significant swelling of the epithelial cells after histamine inhalation was observed both in the control and the ozone-exposed groups, with a greater increase in the ozone-exposed group compared with the control group. However, no change in wall thickness was observed in the histamine/antihistamine or the ozone/histamine/antihistamine group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest the possibility that the airway epithelial cell swelling plays a role in the increase in R(L) after histamine inhalation, especially in the presence of airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
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Rudolph C, Schillinger U, Ortiz A, Plank C, Golas MM, Sander B, Stark H, Rosenecker J. Aerosolized nanogram quantities of plasmid DNA mediate highly efficient gene delivery to mouse airway epithelium. Mol Ther 2005; 12:493-501. [PMID: 16099412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2005.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2004] [Revised: 02/18/2005] [Accepted: 03/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung is an important target of gene therapeutic interventions. In contrast to intratracheal instillation, inhalation would be the most practical route of administration in clinical applications. Here we show that aerosolized nanogram quantities of pDNA complexed to PEI (350 ng) yielded transfection levels 15-fold higher than a 140-fold higher dose (50 microg) of the same vector applied directly to the lungs of mice via intratracheal intubation. An important efficacy parameter is the osmolarity of the aerosol and not biophysical properties of the nebulized vector. Vectors formulated and nebulized in hypoosmotic distilled water yielded 57- and 185-fold higher expression levels than those in isotonic 5% glucose or Hepes-buffered saline, respectively. Pretreatment of mice with nebulized indomethacin, which prevents water-induced airway alteration, resulted in lower gene expression, whereas pretreatment with EGTA or polidocanol, which modulate tight-junction activity, had no effect. These results, together with histological analysis of regional lung deposition and gene expression, suggest that a temporary water-induced hypoosmotic shock permeabilizes the epithelium sufficiently to allow vector uptake. The so far observed inefficiency of nonviral gene delivery to the airways may be the result of an inappropriate method of vector administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Rudolph
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80337 Munich, Germany
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Todokoro M, Mochizuki H, Tokuyama K, Utsugi M, Dobashi K, Mori M, Morikawa A. Effect of ozone exposure on intracellular glutathione redox state in cultured human airway epithelial cells. Inflammation 2005; 28:105-14. [PMID: 15379216 DOI: 10.1023/b:ifla.0000033026.91221.ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular oxidation and reduction (redox state) correspond closely to the surrounding environment. Most environmental factors affecting this balances such as oxidants, ultraviolet light, radioactive emissions, infections, and allergic reactions represent oxidative stress upon cells. We examined intracellular redox state after oxidative stress upon cultured human airway epithelial cells (Calu-3) by measuring reduced (GSH) or oxidized (GSSG) glutathione. We studied cytokine production, which is related to glutathione redox regulation, in response to ozone and also evaluated the effect of pretreatment with an ethyl ester of reduced glutathione (GSH-OEt) on cytokines. Ozone exposure (3.0 ppm, 3 min) time-dependently changed the redox state, while increasing production of interleukin(IL)-8 and IL-6, mRNA and protein. Treatment with GSH-OEt before ozone suppressed IL-8, but stimulated IL-6 production. Thus, oxidative stress affects intracellular glutathione redox state, in airway epithelial cells, activating signals to increase production of cytokine, modulation that may exacerbate respiratory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Todokoro
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
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Ohki Y, Tokuyama K, Sato A, Nishimura H, Tabata M, Tomiyoshi K, Inoue T, Arakawa H, Kato M, Mochizuki H, Morikawa A. Maturational changes in airway remodeling after chronic exposure to ovalbumin in sensitized guinea pigs: role of cell renewal of airway resident cells. Pediatr Res 2002; 52:525-32. [PMID: 12357046 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-200210000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We wanted to know whether airway remodeling caused by chronic exposures to antigen differed depending on the degree of maturation of animals. We sensitized guinea pigs at different stages of maturation: juvenile (approximately 200 g in body weight), adult (400 g), and old animals (800 g). Then, animals were repeatedly challenged with inhaled ovalbumin (0.3% or 3%) or vehicle twice a week for 6 wk. After the final challenge, the lungs were excised for the histologic evaluation of changes in the thickness of the inner wall area (Ti), the smooth muscle area (Tm), and the outer wall area (To) in noncartilaginous airway dimensions. To clarify whether or not the observed changes were due to renewal of airway cells, we stained the samples with labeled nucleotide 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), which we injected repeatedly during the challenge periods. Chronic exposures to antigen induced airway wall thickening regardless of their stages of maturation. However, prominent areas of thickening differed between the three groups. Ti increased more remarkably in juvenile and adult animals than in old ones. By contrast, Tm significantly increased only in old animals. BrdU staining revealed more renewal of epithelial cells in juvenile and adult animals than in old ones (juvenile >or=adult > old), suggesting that increased renewal of epithelial cells contributed to the thickening of Ti in juvenile and adult animals. By contrast, only a slight increase in smooth muscle cell renewal was found even in old animals, indicating that an increase in Tm was due to factors such as hypertrophy. These results show that the development of antigen-induced airway remodeling is partly modified by the degree of maturation of animals in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Ohki
- Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Mochizuki H, Ohki Y, Arakawa H, Kato M, Tokuyama K, Morikawa A. Effect of inhaled indomethacin on distilled water-induced airway epithelial cell swelling. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2002; 92:155-61. [PMID: 11744655 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2002.92.1.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the mechanism of the anti-asthmatic effect of inhaled indomethacin (Indo) by using an animal model (guinea pigs) of airway inflammation. After being exposed to either ozone or room air at identical flow rates (5 l/min) for 2 h, guinea pigs were anesthetized, tracheostomized, and lung resistance (RL) was subsequently measured. Guinea pigs inhaled either saline or Indo (1.5 mg/ml) for 1 min before undergoing an ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (UNDW) inhalation test. RL increased significantly after 10 min of UNDW inhalation in the room air and ozone groups but more so in the ozone group. This increase in RL was significantly suppressed by pretreatment with Indo. In the morphometric assessment of airway mucosa, a significant swelling of the epithelial cells after UNDW inhalation was observed in both the room air and ozone groups but especially so in the ozone group. This increase was also suppressed with Indo pretreatment. These results suggest that the increase in RL and the swelling of airway epithelial cells induced by inhaled UNDW in ozone-exposed guinea pigs was suppressed by pretreatment of inhaled Indo and that this suppression may be one of the reasons for the anti-asthmatic effect of inhaled Indo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mochizuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan.
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