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Roberts BM, Geddis AV, Matheny RW. The dose-response effects of flurbiprofen, indomethacin, ibuprofen, and naproxen on primary skeletal muscle cells. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2302046. [PMID: 38198469 PMCID: PMC10783825 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2302046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, naproxen sodium, and indomethacin are commonly employed for their pain-relieving and inflammation-reducing qualities. NSAIDs work by blocking COX-1 and/or COX-2, enzymes which play roles in inflammation, fever, and pain. The main difference among NSAIDs lies in their affinity to these enzymes, which in turn, influences prostaglandin secretion, and skeletal muscle growth and regeneration. The current study investigated the effects of NSAIDs on human skeletal muscle cells, focusing on myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and muscle protein synthesis signaling. METHODS Using human primary muscle cells, we examined the dose-response impact of flurbiprofen (25-200 µM), indomethacin (25-200 µM), ibuprofen (25-200 µM), and naproxen sodium (25-200 µM), on myoblast viability, myotube area, fusion, and prostaglandin production. RESULTS We found that supraphysiological concentrations of indomethacin inhibited myoblast proliferation (-74 ± 2% with 200 µM; -53 ± 3% with 100 µM; both p < 0.05) compared to control cells and impaired protein synthesis signaling pathways in myotubes, but only attenuated myotube fusion at the highest concentrations (-18 ± 2% with 200 µM, p < 0.05) compared to control myotubes. On the other hand, ibuprofen had no such effects. Naproxen sodium only increased cell proliferation at low concentrations (+36 ± 2% with 25 µM, p < 0.05), and flurbiprofen exhibited divergent impacts depending on the concentration whereby low concentrations improved cell proliferation (+17 ± 1% with 25 µM, p < 0.05) but high concentrations inhibited cell proliferation (-32 ± 1% with 200 µM, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that indomethacin, at high concentrations, may detrimentally affect myoblast proliferation and differentiation via an AKT-dependent mechanism, and thus provide new understanding of NSAIDs' effects on skeletal muscle cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M. Roberts
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Alyssa V. Geddis
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Ronald W. Matheny
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
- Military Operational Medicine Research Program, Detrick, MD, USA
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Jakicic JM, Kohrt WM, Houmard JA, Miller ME, Radom-Aizik S, Rasmussen BB, Ravussin E, Serra M, Stowe CL, Trappe S, Abouassi H, Adkins JN, Alekel DL, Ashley E, Bamman MM, Bergman BC, Bessesen DH, Broskey NT, Buford TW, Burant CF, Chen H, Christle JW, Clish CB, Coen PM, Collier D, Collins KA, Cooper DM, Cortes T, Cutter GR, Dubis G, Fernández FM, Firnhaber J, Forman DE, Gaul DA, Gay N, Gerszten RE, Goodpaster BH, Gritsenko MA, Haddad F, Huffman KM, Ilkayeva O, Jankowski CM, Jin C, Johannsen NM, Johnson J, Kelly L, Kershaw E, Kraus WE, Laughlin M, Lester B, Lindholm ME, Lowe A, Lu CJ, McGowan J, Melanson EL, Montgomery S, Moore SG, Moreau KL, Muehlbauer M, Musi N, Nair VD, Newgard CB, Newman AB, Nicklas B, Nindl BC, Ormond K, Piehowski PD, Qian WJ, Rankinen T, Rejeski WJ, Robbins J, Rogers RJ, Rooney JL, Rushing S, Sanford JA, Schauer IE, Schwartz RS, Sealfon SC, Slentz C, Sloan R, Smith KS, Snyder M, Spahn J, Sparks LM, Stefanovic-Racic M, Tanner CJ, Thalacker-Mercer A, Tracy R, Trappe TA, Volpi E, Walsh MJ, Wheeler MT, Willis L. Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC): human studies design and protocol. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 137:473-493. [PMID: 38634503 PMCID: PMC11427038 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00102.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical activity, including structured exercise, is associated with favorable health-related chronic disease outcomes. Although there is evidence of various molecular pathways that affect these responses, a comprehensive molecular map of these molecular responses to exercise has not been developed. The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) is a multicenter study designed to isolate the effects of structured exercise training on the molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits of exercise and physical activity. MoTrPAC contains both a preclinical and human component. The details of the human studies component of MoTrPAC that include the design and methods are presented here. The human studies contain both an adult and pediatric component. In the adult component, sedentary participants are randomized to 12 wk of Control, Endurance Exercise Training, or Resistance Exercise Training with outcomes measures completed before and following the 12 wk. The adult component also includes recruitment of highly active endurance-trained or resistance-trained participants who only complete measures once. A similar design is used for the pediatric component; however, only endurance exercise is examined. Phenotyping measures include weight, body composition, vital signs, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, physical activity and diet, and other questionnaires. Participants also complete an acute rest period (adults only) or exercise session (adults, pediatrics) with collection of biospecimens (blood only for pediatrics) to allow for examination of the molecular responses. The design and methods of MoTrPAC may inform other studies. Moreover, MoTrPAC will provide a repository of data that can be used broadly across the scientific community.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) will be the first large trial to isolate the effects of structured exercise training on the molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits of exercise and physical activity. By generating a compendium of the molecular responses to exercise, MoTrPAC will lay the foundation for a new era of biomedical research on Precision Exercise Medicine. Presented here is the design, protocols, and procedures for the MoTrPAC human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Jakicic
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Wendy M Kohrt
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Joseph A Houmard
- East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Michael E Miller
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | | | - Blake B Rasmussen
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Monica Serra
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States
| | - Cynthia L Stowe
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Biostatistics and Data Science, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Scott Trappe
- Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Hiba Abouassi
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Joshua N Adkins
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - D Lee Alekel
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Euan Ashley
- Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Marcas M Bamman
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Bryan C Bergman
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Daniel H Bessesen
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | | | - Thomas W Buford
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | | | - Haiying Chen
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | | | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Paul M Coen
- Advent Health - Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - David Collier
- East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | | | - Daniel M Cooper
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Tiffany Cortes
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States
| | - Gary R Cutter
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Gabriel Dubis
- East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | | | | | - Daniel E Forman
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - David A Gaul
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Nicole Gay
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Advent Health - Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Marina A Gritsenko
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Fadia Haddad
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Kim M Huffman
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | | | - Christopher Jin
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Neil M Johannsen
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | | | - Leslie Kelly
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Erin Kershaw
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - William E Kraus
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Maren Laughlin
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | | | | | - Adam Lowe
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Ching-Ju Lu
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Joan McGowan
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Edward L Melanson
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Stephen Montgomery
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Samuel G Moore
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Kerrie L Moreau
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | | | - Nicolas Musi
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Venugopalan D Nair
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Anne B Newman
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Barbara Nicklas
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Bradley C Nindl
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kelly Ormond
- Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States
- ETH-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul D Piehowski
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Tuomo Rankinen
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - W Jack Rejeski
- Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Jeremy Robbins
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Renee J Rogers
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Jessica L Rooney
- Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Scott Rushing
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - James A Sanford
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Irene E Schauer
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Robert S Schwartz
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Stuart C Sealfon
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Cris Slentz
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ruben Sloan
- East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Kevin S Smith
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Jessica Spahn
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Advent Health - Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | | | - Charles J Tanner
- East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | | | - Russell Tracy
- Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Todd A Trappe
- Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Elena Volpi
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States
| | - Martin J Walsh
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Leslie Willis
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
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Roberts BM, Geddis AV, Sczuroski CE, Reynoso M, Hughes JM, Gwin JA, Staab JS. A single, maximal dose of celecoxib, ibuprofen, or flurbiprofen does not reduce the muscle signalling response to plyometric exercise in young healthy adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05565-5. [PMID: 39044030 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. Conflicting evidence exists on whether NSAIDs influence signaling related to muscle adaptations and exercise with some research finding a reduction in muscle protein synthesis signaling via the AKT-mTOR pathway, changes in satellite cell signaling, reductions in muscle protein degradation, and reductions in cell proliferation. In this study, we determined if a single maximal dose of flurbiprofen (FLU), celecoxib (CEL), ibuprofen (IBU), or a placebo (PLA) affects the short-term muscle signaling responses to plyometric exercise. METHODS This was a block randomized, double-masked, crossover design, where 12 participants performed four plyometric exercise bouts consisting of 10 sets of 10 plyometric jumps at 40% 1RM. Two hours before exercise, participants consumed a single dose of celecoxib (CEL 200 mg), IBU (800 mg), FLU (100 mg) or PLA with food. Muscle biopsy samples were collected before and 3-h after exercise from the vastus lateralis. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures (RM) ANOVA, ANOVA, or a Friedman test. Significance was considered at p < 0.05. RESULTS We found no treatment effects on the mRNA expression of PTSG1, PTSG2, MYC, TBP, RPLOP, MYOD1, Pax7, MYOG, Atrogin-1, or MURF1 (all, p > 0.05). We also found no treatment effects on AKT-mTOR signaling or MAPK signaling measured through the phosphorylation status of mTORS2441, mTORS2448, RPS6 235/236, RPS 240/244, 4EBP1, ERK1/2, p38 T180/182 normalized to their respective total abundance (all, p > 0.05). However, we did find a significant difference between MNK1 T197/202 in PLA compared to FLU (p < .05). CONCLUSION A single, maximal dose of IBU, CEL, or FLU taken prior to exercise did not affect the signaling of muscle protein synthesis, protein degradation, or ribosome biogenesis three hours after a plyometric training bout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Roberts
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA, 01760, USA.
| | - Alyssa V Geddis
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Cara E Sczuroski
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Marinaliz Reynoso
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Julie M Hughes
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Jess A Gwin
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Jeffery S Staab
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
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Huschtscha Z, Silver J, Gerhardy M, Urwin CS, Kenney N, Le VH, Fyfe JJ, Feros SA, Betik AC, Shaw CS, Main LC, Abbott G, Tan SY, May A, Smith CM, Kuriel V, Barnard J, Hamilton DL. The Effect of Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) on Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy, Strength, and Power in Response to Resistance Training in Healthy Active Adults: A Double-Blind Randomized Control Trial. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:66. [PMID: 38844675 PMCID: PMC11156829 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) has analgesic/anti-inflammatory properties that may be a suitable alternative to over-the-counter (OTC) non-steroidal analgesics/anti-inflammatories. While OTC pain medications can impair strength training adaptations, the mechanism of action of PEA is distinct from these and it may not negatively affect skeletal muscle adaptations to strength training. METHODS The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of daily PEA supplementation (350 mg Levagen + equivalent to 300 mg PEA) combined with 8-weeks of resistance training on lean body mass with secondary aims addressing strength, power, sleep, and wellbeing compared to placebo (PLA) in young, healthy, active adults. In a randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial, 52 untrained, recreationally active participants aged 18-35 y were allocated to either the PEA or PLA groups. Participants consumed either 2 × 175 mg Levagen + PEA or identically matched maltodextrin capsules during an 8-week period of whole-body resistance training. This trial assessed the pre- to post- changes in total and regional lean body mass, muscular strength (1-RM bench, isometric mid-thigh pull), muscular power [countermovement jump (CMJ), bench throw], pain associated with exercise training, sleep, and wellbeing compared with the PEA or PLA condition. RESULTS 48 Participants were included in the final intention to treat (ITT) analysis and we also conducted per protocol (PP) analysis (n = 42). There were no significant between-group differences for total or regional lean muscle mass post-intervention. There was a significantly higher jump height (CMJ) at week 10 in the PEA group compared to the PLA (Adjusted mean difference [95% CI] p-value; ITT: - 2.94 cm [- 5.15, - 0.74] p = 0.010; PP: - 2.93 cm [- 5.31, - 0.55] p = 0.017). The PLA group had higher 1-RM bench press post-intervention compared with the PEA group (ITT: 2.24 kg [0.12, 4.37] p = 0.039; PP: 2.73 kg [0.40, 5.06] p = 0.023). No significant treatment effects were noted for any of the other outcomes. CONCLUSION PEA supplementation, when combined with 8 weeks of strength training, did not impair lean mass gains and it resulted in significantly higher dynamic lower-body power when compared with the PLA condition. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR: ACTRN12621001726842p).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Huschtscha
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, 3216, Australia
| | - Jessica Silver
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, 3216, Australia
| | - Michael Gerhardy
- Centre for Sport Research (CSR), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, 3216, Australia
| | - Charles S Urwin
- Centre for Sport Research (CSR), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, 3216, Australia
| | - Nathan Kenney
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, 3216, Australia
| | - Viet Hung Le
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, 3216, Australia
| | - Jackson J Fyfe
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, 3216, Australia
| | - Simon A Feros
- Centre for Sport Research (CSR), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, 3216, Australia
| | - Andrew C Betik
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, 3216, Australia
| | - Christopher S Shaw
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, 3216, Australia
| | - Luana C Main
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, 3216, Australia
| | - Gavin Abbott
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, 3216, Australia
| | - Sze-Yen Tan
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, 3216, Australia
| | - Anthony May
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, 3216, Australia
- Respiratory Research@Alfred, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Craig M Smith
- School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, 3216, Australia
| | - Vicky Kuriel
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, 3216, Australia
| | - Jackson Barnard
- Centre for Sport Research (CSR), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, 3216, Australia
| | - D Lee Hamilton
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, 3216, Australia.
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Roberts BM, Sczuroski CE, Caldwell AR, Zeppetelli DJ, Smith NI, Pecorelli VP, Gwin JA, Hughes JM, Staab JS. NSAIDs do not prevent exercise-induced performance deficits or alleviate muscle soreness: A placebo-controlled randomized, double-blinded, cross-over study. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:287-292. [PMID: 38383211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently consumed by athletes to manage muscle soreness, expedite recovery, or improve performance. Despite the prevalence of NSAID use, their effects on muscle soreness and performance, particularly when administered prophylactically, remain unclear. This randomized, double-blind, counter-balanced, crossover study examined the effect of consuming a single dose of each of three NSAIDs (celecoxib, 200 mg; ibuprofen, 800 mg; flurbiprofen, 100 mg) or placebo 2 h before on muscle soreness and performance following an acute plyometric training session. Twelve healthy adults, aged 18-42 years, completed a standardized plyometric exercise session consisting of 10 sets of 10 repetitions at 40 % 1-repetition maximum (1RM) on a leg press device. During exercise, total work, rating of perceived exertion, and heart rate were measured. Maximum voluntary contraction force (MVC), vertical jump height, and muscle soreness were measured before exercise and 4-h and 24-h post-exercise. We found no significant differences in total work, heart rate, or rating of perceived exertion between treatments. Additionally, no significant differences in muscle soreness or vertical jump were observed between treatments. Ibuprofen and flurbiprofen did not prevent decrements in MVC, but celecoxib attenuated decreases in MVC 4-h post exercise (p < 0.05). This study suggests that athletes may not benefit from prophylactic ibuprofen or flurbiprofen treatment to prevent discomfort or performance decrements associated with exercise, but celecoxib may mitigate short-term performance decrements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Roberts
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, USA.
| | - Cara E Sczuroski
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, USA
| | - Aaron R Caldwell
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, USA
| | - David J Zeppetelli
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, USA
| | - Nathaniel I Smith
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, USA
| | - Vincent P Pecorelli
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, USA
| | - Jess A Gwin
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, USA
| | - Julie M Hughes
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, USA
| | - Jeffery S Staab
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, USA
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Noone J, Mucinski JM, DeLany JP, Sparks LM, Goodpaster BH. Understanding the variation in exercise responses to guide personalized physical activity prescriptions. Cell Metab 2024; 36:702-724. [PMID: 38262420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that contribute to exercise response variation is the first step in achieving the goal of developing personalized exercise prescriptions. This review discusses the key molecular and other mechanistic factors, both extrinsic and intrinsic, that influence exercise responses and health outcomes. Extrinsic characteristics include the timing and dose of exercise, circadian rhythms, sleep habits, dietary interactions, and medication use, whereas intrinsic factors such as sex, age, hormonal status, race/ethnicity, and genetics are also integral. The molecular transducers of exercise (i.e., genomic/epigenomic, proteomic/post-translational, transcriptomic, metabolic/metabolomic, and lipidomic elements) are considered with respect to variability in physiological and health outcomes. Finally, this review highlights the current challenges that impede our ability to develop effective personalized exercise prescriptions. The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) aims to fill significant gaps in the understanding of exercise response variability, yet further investigations are needed to address additional health outcomes across all populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Noone
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | | | - James P DeLany
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA.
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De la Corte-Rodriguez H, Roman-Belmonte JM, Resino-Luis C, Madrid-Gonzalez J, Rodriguez-Merchan EC. The Role of Physical Exercise in Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Best Medicine-A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:242. [PMID: 38255129 PMCID: PMC10815384 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide a narrative review of the effects of physical exercise in the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are associated with chronic musculoskeletal pain and can aggravate it. For the management of musculoskeletal pain, physical exercise is an effective, cheap, and safe therapeutic option, given that it does not produce the adverse effects of pharmacological treatments or invasive techniques. In addition to its analgesic capacity, physical exercise has an effect on other pain-related areas, such as sleep quality, activities of daily living, quality of life, physical function, and emotion. In general, even during periods of acute pain, maintaining a minimum level of physical activity can be beneficial. Programs that combine several of the various exercise modalities (aerobic, strengthening, flexibility, and balance), known as multicomponent exercise, can be more effective and better adapted to clinical conditions. For chronic pain, the greatest benefits typically occur with programs performed at light-to-moderate intensity and at a frequency of two to three times per week for at least 4 weeks. Exercise programs should be tailored to the specific needs of each patient based on clinical guidelines and World Health Organization recommendations. Given that adherence to physical exercise is a major problem, it is important to empower patients and facilitate lifestyle change. There is strong evidence of the analgesic effect of physical exercise in multiple pathologies, such as in osteoarthritis, chronic low back pain, rheumatoid arthritis, and fibromyalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hortensia De la Corte-Rodriguez
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M. Roman-Belmonte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cruz Roja San José y Santa Adela University Hospital, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.R.-B.); (C.R.-L.)
- Medical School, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio (UAX), 28691 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Resino-Luis
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cruz Roja San José y Santa Adela University Hospital, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.R.-B.); (C.R.-L.)
| | - Jorge Madrid-Gonzalez
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Emerito Carlos Rodriguez-Merchan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research—IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital—Autonomous University of Madrid), 28046 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Miyoshi M, Usami M, Nishiyama Y, Kai M, Suzuki A, Maeshige N, Yamaguchi A, Ma X, Shinohara M. Soleus muscle contains a higher concentration of lipid metabolites than extensor digitorum longus in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced acute muscle atrophy. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:48-57. [PMID: 37739695 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Muscle atrophy is one of the most important and frequent problems for critically ill patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lipid mediators on acute muscle atrophy. Skeletal muscle fiber-specific analysis of lipid mediators in endotoxemic rats was therefore performed. METHODS Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Slow-twitch soleus muscle and fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle were harvested 0, 6, and 24 h after LPS injection. Lipid mediators were profiled using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Muscles were weighed and their cross-sectional areas were evaluated. Expression levels of mRNAs encoding inflammatory cytokines, autophagy-related transcription factors, and members of the ubiquitin-proteasome system were measured using real-time PCR. RESULTS Before LPS injection, the concentrations of all FFAs, including arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, and all measured lipid mediators were higher in soleus muscle than in EDL muscle, especially those of pro-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4. LPS injection, increased PGE2 and D2 and decreased FFAs in soleus muscle but did not change in EDL muscle. The concentrations of specialized pro-resolving mediators E-series hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid and D-series hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid were higher in soleus muscle. Muscle cross-sectional area decreased and the expression level of atrogin-1 was upregulated in EDL muscle, but both were unchanged in soleus muscle. After LPS injection, a discrepancy involving an increased PGE2 concentration and decreased muscle atrophy was identified in this acute muscle atrophy model of critical illness. CONCLUSION Concentrations of FFAs and lipid mediators were higher in soleus muscle than in EDL muscle, and LPS injection rapidly increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. However, muscle atrophy with upregulation of autophagy-related transcription factors was observed in EDL muscle but not in soleus muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Miyoshi
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Makoto Usami
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan; Faculty of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Konan Women's University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishiyama
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Motoki Kai
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayumi Suzuki
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Noriaki Maeshige
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atomu Yamaguchi
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Xiaoqi Ma
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Division of Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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9
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Wajda A, Bogucka D, Stypińska B, Radkowski MJ, Targowski T, Dudek E, Kmiołek T, Modzelewska E, Paradowska-Gorycka A. Expression of Prostaglandin Genes and β-Catenin in Whole Blood as Potential Markers of Muscle Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12885. [PMID: 37629065 PMCID: PMC10454559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin signaling pathways are closely related to inflammation, but also muscle regeneration and processes associated with frailty and sarcopenia, whereas β-catenin (CTNNB1 gene) as a part of Wnt signaling is also involved in the differentiation of muscle cells and fibrosis. The present study analyzed the association between selected prostaglandin pathway genes and clinical parameters in patients with sarcopenia and frailty syndrome. The present study was conducted on patients with sarcopenia, frailty syndrome, and control older patients (N = 25). Additionally, two healthy controls at the age of 25-30 years (N = 51) and above 50 years old (N = 42) were included. The expression of the PTRGER4, PTGES2 (COX2), PTGS2, and CTNNB1 genes in whole blood was checked by the qPCR method. The serum cytokine levels (IL-10, TNFα, IFN-y, IL-1α, IL-1β) in patients and controls were checked by the Q-Plex Human Cytokine Panel. The results showed a significant effect of age on PTGER4 gene expression (p = 0.01). A negative trend between the appendicular skeletal muscle mass parameter (ASSM) and the expression of PTGER4 has been noted (r = -0.224, p = 0.484). PTGES2 and PTGS2 expressions negatively correlated with creatine phosphokinase (r = -0.71, p = 0.009; r = -0.58, p = 0.047) and positively with the functional mobility test timed up and go scale (TUG) (r = 0.61, p = 0.04; r = 0.63, p = 0.032). In the older control group, a negative association between iron levels and the expression of PTGS2 (r = -0.47, p = 0.017) was observed. A similar tendency was noted in patients with sarcopenia (r = -0.112, p = 0.729). A negative trend between appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) and PTGER4 seems to confirm the impairment of muscle regeneration associated with sarcopenia. The expression of the studied genes revealed a trend in associations with the clinical picture of muscular dystrophy and weakening patients. Perhaps PTGS2 and PTGES2 is in opposition to the role of the PTGER4 receptor in muscle physiology. Nevertheless, further, including functional studies is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wajda
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (D.B.); (B.S.); (E.D.); (T.K.); (E.M.); (A.P.-G.)
| | - Diana Bogucka
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (D.B.); (B.S.); (E.D.); (T.K.); (E.M.); (A.P.-G.)
| | - Barbara Stypińska
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (D.B.); (B.S.); (E.D.); (T.K.); (E.M.); (A.P.-G.)
| | - Marcin Jerzy Radkowski
- Department of Geriatrics, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.R.); (T.T.)
| | - Tomasz Targowski
- Department of Geriatrics, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.R.); (T.T.)
| | - Ewa Dudek
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (D.B.); (B.S.); (E.D.); (T.K.); (E.M.); (A.P.-G.)
| | - Tomasz Kmiołek
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (D.B.); (B.S.); (E.D.); (T.K.); (E.M.); (A.P.-G.)
| | - Ewa Modzelewska
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (D.B.); (B.S.); (E.D.); (T.K.); (E.M.); (A.P.-G.)
| | - Agnieszka Paradowska-Gorycka
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (D.B.); (B.S.); (E.D.); (T.K.); (E.M.); (A.P.-G.)
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Fountain WA, Naruse M, Claiborne A, Trappe S, Trappe TA. Controlling Inflammation Improves Aging Skeletal Muscle Health. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2023; 51:51-56. [PMID: 36722844 PMCID: PMC10033374 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with a decline in aging skeletal muscle health. Inflammation also seems to interfere with the beneficial skeletal muscle adaptations conferred by exercise training in older individuals. We hypothesize that the cyclooxygenase pathway is partially responsible for this negative inflammatory influence on aging skeletal muscle health and plasticity.
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11
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Grgic J. No Pain, No Gain? Examining the Influence of Ibuprofen Consumption on Muscle Hypertrophy. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Kim HK, Kang EY, Go GW. Recent insights into dietary ω-6 fatty acid health implications using a systematic review. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:1365-1376. [PMID: 36060573 PMCID: PMC9433510 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The American Heart Association suggests that consuming ω-6 fatty acids (5-10% of total energy) can prevent cardiovascular disease by improving lipoprotein profiles. However, some studies warn of deleterious effects of these due to eicosanoid biosynthesis. We explored the five years for clinical evidence of ω-6 fatty acids on several diseases including inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Predefined criteria identified a total of 21 articles in 5 databases. Some studies indicated that dietary arachidonic acid was not related to increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In cohort studies, ω-6 fatty acids prevented the onset of digestive and lung cancer. ω-6 Fatty acids improved blood lipoprotein profiles. Moreover, consuming ω-6 fatty acids delayed diabetes mellitus and chronic renal disease and had positive effects on muscle recovery and glaucoma. In conclusion, ω-6 fatty acids have beneficial effects on cancers, blood lipoprotein profiles, diabetes, renal disease, muscle function, and glaucoma without inflammation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kyung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Korea
| | - Eun Young Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Korea
| | - Gwang-woong Go
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Korea
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Maretti E, Molinari S, Battini R, Rustichelli C, Truzzi E, Iannuccelli V, Leo E. Design, Characterization, and In Vitro Assays on Muscle Cells of Endocannabinoid-like Molecule Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles for a Therapeutic Anti-Inflammatory Approach to Sarcopenia. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030648. [PMID: 35336022 PMCID: PMC8951178 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes play a key role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia owing to their effects on the balance between muscle protein breakdown and synthesis. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endocannabinoid-like molecule, has been well documented for its anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting its possible beneficial use to counteract sarcopenia. The promising therapeutic effects of PEA are, however, impaired by its poor bioavailability. In order to overcome this limitation, the present study focused on the encapsulation of PEA in solid lipid nanoparticles (PEA-SLNs) in a perspective of a systemic administration. PEA-SLNs were characterized for their physico-chemical properties as well as cytotoxicity and cell internalization capacity on C2C12 myoblast cells. Their size was approximately 250 nm and the encapsulation efficiency reached 90%. Differential scanning calorimetry analyses demonstrated the amorphous state of PEA in the inner SLN matrix, which improved PEA dissolution, as observed in the in vitro assays. Despite the high internalization capacity observed with the flow cytometer (values between 85 and 94% after 14 h of incubation), the Nile Red labeled PEA-SLNs showed practically no toxicity towards myoblasts. Confocal analysis showed the presence of SLNs in the cytoplasm and not in the nucleus. These results suggest the potentiality provided by PEA-SLNs to obtain an innovative and side-effect-free tool in the medical treatment of sarcopenia.
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14
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Tsai J, Wang S, Chang C, Chen C, Wen C, Chen G, Kuo C, Tseng YJ, Chen C. Identification of traumatic acid as a potential plasma biomarker for sarcopenia using a metabolomics-based approach. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:276-286. [PMID: 34939349 PMCID: PMC8818620 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of sarcopenia is complex and has not been well explored. Identifying biomarkers is a promising strategy for exploring the mechanism of sarcopenia. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers of sarcopenia through a metabolomic analysis of plasma metabolites in elderly subjects (≥65 years of age) vs. younger adults (<65 years of age). METHODS Of the 168 candidates in the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment and Frailty Study of Elderly Outpatients, 24 elderly subjects (≥65 years of age) with sarcopenia were age and sex matched with 24 elderly subjects without sarcopenia. In addition, 24 younger adults were recruited for comparison. Muscle strength, gait speed, and metabolic and inflammatory parameters, including plasma tumour necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, irisin, and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) levels were assessed. Metabolomic analysis was carried out using the plasma metabolites. RESULTS Seventy-two participants were enrolled, including 10 (41.6%) men and 14 (58.3%) women in both groups of elderly subjects. The median ages of elderly subjects with and without sarcopenia were 82 (range: 67-88) and 81.5 (range: 67-87) years, respectively. Among the 242 plasma metabolic peaks analysed among these three groups, traumatic acid was considered as a sarcopenia-related metabolite. The plasma traumatic acid signal intensity level was significantly higher in elderly subjects with sarcopenia than in elderly subjects without sarcopenia [591.5 (inter-quartile range, IQR: 491.5-664.5) vs. 430.0 (IQR: 261.0-599.5), P = 0.0063]. The plasma concentrations of traumatic acid were 15.8 (IQR: 11.5-21.7), 21.1 (IQR: 16.0-25.8), and 24.3 (IQR: 18.0-29.5) ppb in younger adults [age range: 23-37 years, 12 (50%) men], elderly subjects without sarcopenia, and elderly subjects with sarcopenia, respectively, thereby depicting an increasing tendency (P for trend = 0.034). This pattern was similar to that of GDF-15, a recognized sarcopenia-related factor. Plasma traumatic acid concentrations were also positively correlated with the presence of hypertension (r = 0.25, P = 0.034), glucose AC (r = 0.34, P = 0.0035), creatinine (r = 0.40, P = 0.0006), and GDF-15 levels (r = 0.25, P = 0.0376), but negatively correlated with the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease-simplify-glomerular filtration rate (r = -0.50, P < 0.0001). Similarly, plasma GDF-15 concentrations were associated with these factors. CONCLUSIONS Traumatic acid might represent a potential plasma biomarker of sarcopenia. However, further studies are needed to validate the results and investigate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaw‐Shiun Tsai
- Department of Family MedicineNational Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - San‐Yuan Wang
- Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, College of PharmacyTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chin‐Hao Chang
- Department of Medical ResearchNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chin‐Ying Chen
- Department of Family MedicineNational Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chiung‐Jung Wen
- Department of Family Medicine, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Geriatrics and GerontologyNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Guan‐Yuan Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ching‐Hua Kuo
- The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Center of Genomic MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of PharmacyNational Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Y. Jane Tseng
- The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Center of Genomic MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Computer Science and Information EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and BioinformaticsNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ching‐Yu Chen
- Department of Family MedicineNational Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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15
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Jaleel G, Shaphe MA, Khan AR, Malhotra D, Khan H, Parveen S, Qasheesh M, Beg RA, Chahal A, Ahmad F, Ahmad MF. Effect of Exercises on Central and Endocrine System for Pain Modulation in Primary Dysmenorrhea. J Lifestyle Med 2022; 12:15-25. [PMID: 35300040 PMCID: PMC8918380 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2022.12.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysmenorrhea is the term for describing complex menstrual flow and painful spasmodic cramps during menstruation, and pain without any pathology is considered Primary Dysmenorrhea (PD). It is the most frequent ailment among women of all ages and races. The pain is dull and throbbing in character and occurs in the lower back and abdomen. Symptoms commonly appear 6 to 12 months after menarche, with the most significant incidence in the late teen and early twenties. Physical exercise is nearly a new non-medical intervention to relieve PD associated pain. Aerobics, stretching and Resistive exercises for 8-12 weeks, either supervised or unsupervised, relieves pain. Exercises are believed to cause hormonal changes in the uterine lining, which reduces PD symptoms. Researchers have presumed different pain-relieving methods, ranging from non-opioids to opioids to hormonal for variations in pain sensitivity. Exercise-induced analgesia provides the central pathway as the primary mechanism for pain reduction while, another way to reducing pain in PD may be a hormonal interaction. The hormonal changes causing exercise-induced pain modulation during the menstruation cycle is not clearly understood and the interaction and activation of all the central and endocrine components, which is a complex mechanism, is also not explained clearly. This study briefly reviews the physiological mechanism of Exercise-induced analgesia and its potent roles in controlling the pathogenesis of PD for pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghufran Jaleel
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, India
| | - Muhammad Abu Shaphe
- Physical Therapy College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing Sciences and Allied Health, Jamia Hamdard, Delhi, India
| | - Huma Khan
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing Sciences and Allied Health, Jamia Hamdard, Delhi, India
| | - Sana Parveen
- Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College, Karol Bagh, India
| | - Mohammed Qasheesh
- Physical Therapy College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid Ali Beg
- Physical Therapy College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aksh Chahal
- Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Haryana, India
| | - Fuzail Ahmad
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Hatton SL, Pandey MK. Fat and Protein Combat Triggers Immunological Weapons of Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems to Launch Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1089. [PMID: 35163013 PMCID: PMC8835271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease in the world, affecting up to 10 million people. This disease mainly happens due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons accountable for memory and motor function. Partial glucocerebrosidase enzyme deficiency and the resultant excess accumulation of glycosphingolipids and alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation have been linked to predominant risk factors that lead to neurodegeneration and memory and motor defects in PD, with known and unknown causes. An increasing body of evidence uncovers the role of several other lipids and their association with α-syn aggregation, which activates the innate and adaptive immune system and sparks brain inflammation in PD. Here, we review the emerging role of a number of lipids, i.e., triglyceride (TG), diglycerides (DG), glycerophosphoethanolamines (GPE), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), sphingolipids, gangliosides, glycerophospholipids (GPL), and cholesterols, and their connection with α-syn aggregation as well as the induction of innate and adaptive immune reactions that trigger neuroinflammation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Loraine Hatton
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Manoj Kumar Pandey
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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17
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Templeman JR, Trevizan L, Ma DWL, Shoveller AK. Fatty Acid Profiles of Serum Lipid Fractions Change Minimally in Sled Dogs Before and After Short Bouts of Exercise. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:704770. [PMID: 34497842 PMCID: PMC8421022 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.704770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although emerging data suggests a greater influence of gluconeogenic precursors, endurance sled dogs have long appeared to rely heavily on fatty acid oxidation for sustained energy production. However, much of the research investigating lipid utilization during exercise in sled dogs has been carried out with dogs subjected to extended bouts of endurance exercise. Less is known about changes in fatty acid composition in endurance training sled dogs subjected to short bouts of exercise, and fewer data define how fatty acid composition may change in distinct lipid fractions. As such, the study objective was to assess whether short bouts of submaximal exercise would affect fatty acid profiles of serum lipid fractions in endurance training sled dogs. Fifteen privately-owned Siberian huskies were used (8 females: 4 intact, 4 spayed; 7 males: 2 intact, 5 neutered), with an average age of 4.6 ± 2.5 years and body weight of 24.8 ± 4.2 kg. Throughout the diet acclimation and remainder of the study, all dogs were fed a dry extruded diet that met or exceeded all AAFCO nutrient recommendations. Dogs were weighed weekly and fed to maintain baseline body weight. A 12-week exercise regimen was designed to incorporate weekly increases in running distance, but weather played a role in setting the daily distance. On weeks 2, 5, and 11, an exercise challenge was implemented whereby dogs would run 4 km at 15 km/h in teams of 4. Pre- and post-exercise blood samples were taken, and gas chromatography was used to evaluate fatty acid profiles of all identified serum lipid fractions (cholesterol ester, diacylglycerol, free fatty acid, phospholipids, triglyceride). Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS, with dog as a random effect and week and sampling time point as fixed effects. Composition of oleic (18:1n9), linoleic (18:2n6), and alpha-linolenic (18:3n3) acids in the free fatty acid fraction decreased by ~9, 10, and 60%, respectively, following exercise (P ≤ 0.05). The results presented herein suggest that aside from a degree of depletion of these 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acids, short bouts of submaximal exercise do not induce considerable changes to sled dog fatty acid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Templeman
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Luciano Trevizan
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Anna K Shoveller
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Liu SZ, Valencia AP, VanDoren MP, Shankland EG, Roshanravan B, Conley KE, Marcinek DJ. Astaxanthin supplementation enhances metabolic adaptation with aerobic training in the elderly. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14887. [PMID: 34110707 PMCID: PMC8191397 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Endurance training (ET) is recommended for the elderly to improve metabolic health and aerobic capacity. However, ET-induced adaptations may be suboptimal due to oxidative stress and exaggerated inflammatory response to ET. The natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory dietary supplement astaxanthin (AX) has been found to increase endurance performance among young athletes, but limited investigations have focused on the elderly. We tested a formulation of AX in combination with ET in healthy older adults (65-82 years) to determine if AX improves metabolic adaptations with ET, and if AX effects are sex-dependent. Forty-two subjects were randomized to either placebo (PL) or AX during 3 months of ET. Specific muscle endurance was measured in ankle dorsiflexors. Whole body exercise endurance and fat oxidation (FATox) was assessed with a graded exercise test (GXT) in conjunction with indirect calorimetry. Results: ET led to improved specific muscle endurance only in the AX group (Pre 353 ± 26 vs. Post 472 ± 41 contractions), and submaximal GXT duration improved in both groups (PL 40.8 ± 9.1% and AX 41.1 ± 6.3%). The increase in FATox at lower intensity after ET was greater in AX (PL 0.23 ± 0.15 g vs. AX 0.76 ± 0.18 g) and was associated with reduced carbohydrate oxidation and increased exercise efficiency in males but not in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Z. Liu
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | | | - Matt P. VanDoren
- Exercise Research CenterFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA
| | | | - Baback Roshanravan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of NephrologyUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Kevin E. Conley
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Department of Physiology & BiophysicsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - David J. Marcinek
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
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19
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Jiang J, Zhao Z, Gao S, Chen Z, Dong Y, He P, Wang B, Pan Y, Wang X, Guan X, Wang C, Lin S, Sun H, Zhou Z. Divergent metabolic responses to sex and reproduction in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 39:100845. [PMID: 33971398 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is an economically important marine organism, and its aquaculture has rapidly developed in China. The very large market demand puts forward higher requirements for the economically efficient breeding of sea cucumbers. Sex and the associated reproductive processes have been reported to affect the physiological characteristics of sea cucumbers. However, little is known about the metabolism differences that related to sex and the associated reproductive processes and their potential effects on the efficiency of A. japonicus aquaculture. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography was applied to investigate the variations in metabolic profiles in cell-free coelomic fluids (CCFs) of sea cucumbers of different sexes and reproductive states. A total of 4435 metabolites were detected, and the metabolic profiles of A. japonicus were significantly affected by both sexes and reproductive process. The differentially abundant metabolites in CCFs of A. japonicus of different sexes and reproductive states were also screened and analyzed. The findings revealed that unsaturated fatty acid synthesis and phenylalanine metabolism were the most significantly changed pathways. Moreover, the weakest ability to synthesize capsaicin using phenylalanine was found in A. japonicus after spawning. Our study provides new insights into the metabolic response of A. japonicus during the reproductive process, and also provides valuable references for the economically efficient breeding of A. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Jiang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Zelong Zhao
- Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Shan Gao
- Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Ying Dong
- Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Ping He
- Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Bai Wang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Yongjia Pan
- Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Xuda Wang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Guan
- Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Shanshan Lin
- Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Hongjuan Sun
- Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Zunchun Zhou
- Liaoning Key Lab of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding of Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China.
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20
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Naruse M, Fountain WA, Claiborne A, Chambers TL, Jones AM, Stroh AM, Montenegro CF, Lynch CE, Minchev K, Trappe S, Trappe TA. Influence of low-dose aspirin, resistance exercise, and sex on human skeletal muscle PGE 2 /COX pathway activity. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14790. [PMID: 33661544 PMCID: PMC7931802 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) E2 has been linked to increased inflammation and attenuated resistance exercise adaptations in skeletal muscle. Nonaspirin cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors have been shown to reduce these effects. This study examined the effect of low-dose aspirin on skeletal muscle COX production of PGE2 at rest and following resistance exercise. Skeletal muscle (vastus lateralis) biopsies were taken from six individuals (4 M/2 W) before and 3.5 hr after a single bout of resistance exercise for ex vivo PGE2 production under control and low (10 μM)- or standard (100 μM)-dose aspirin conditions. Sex-specific effects of aspirin were also examined by combining the current findings with our previous similar ex vivo skeletal muscle investigations (n = 20, 10 M/10 W). Low-dose aspirin inhibited skeletal muscle PGE2 production (p < 0.05). This inhibition was similar to standard-dose aspirin (p > 0.05) and was not influenced by resistance exercise (p > 0.05) (overall effect: -18 ± 5%). Men and women had similar uninhibited skeletal muscle PGE2 production at rest (men: 1.97 ± 0.33, women: 1.96 ± 0.29 pg/mg wet weight/min; p > 0.05). However, skeletal muscle of men was 60% more sensitive to aspirin inhibition than women (p < 0.05). In summary, the current findings 1) confirm low-dose aspirin inhibits the PGE2 /COX pathway in human skeletal muscle, 2) show that resistance exercise does not alter aspirin inhibitory efficacy, and 3) suggest the skeletal muscle of men and women could respond differently to long-term consumption of low-dose aspirin, one of the most common chronically consumed drugs in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alex Claiborne
- Human Performance LaboratoryBall State UniversityMuncieINUSA
| | | | - Andrew M. Jones
- Human Performance LaboratoryBall State UniversityMuncieINUSA
| | - Andrew M. Stroh
- Human Performance LaboratoryBall State UniversityMuncieINUSA
| | | | | | - Kiril Minchev
- Human Performance LaboratoryBall State UniversityMuncieINUSA
| | - Scott Trappe
- Human Performance LaboratoryBall State UniversityMuncieINUSA
| | - Todd A. Trappe
- Human Performance LaboratoryBall State UniversityMuncieINUSA
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21
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Berton MP, de Antunes Lemos MV, Seleguim Chud TC, Bonvino Stafuzza N, Kluska S, Amorim ST, Silva Ferlin Lopes L, Cravo Pereira AS, Bickhart D, Liu G, Galvão de Albuquerque L, Baldi F. Genome-wide association study between copy number variation regions and carcass- and meat-quality traits in Nellore cattle. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Context
Indicine breeds are the main source of beef products in tropical and subtropical regions. However, genetic improvement for carcass- and meat-quality traits in zebu cattle have been limited and genomics studies concerning structural variations that influence these traits are essential.
Aim
The aim of this study was to perform a genome-wide association study between copy number variation regions (CNVRs) and carcass- and meat quality-traits in Nellore cattle.
Methods
In total, 3794 animals, males and females included, were genotyped using a 777962 single-nucleotide polymorphism platform of BovineHD BeadChip (777k; Illumina Inc.). Of these, 1751 Nellore bulls were slaughtered at 24 months of age for further carcass beef analysis. The following traits were studied: beef tenderness, marbling, rib-eye area, backfat thickness and meat colour (lightness, redness and yellowness). The CNV detection was conducted through PennCNV software. The association analyses were performed using CNVRuler software.
Key results
Several identified genomic regions were linked to quantitative trait loci associated with fat deposition (FABP7) and lipid metabolism (PPARA; PLA2 family; BCHE), extracellular matrix (INS; COL10A1), contraction (SLC34A3; TRDN) and muscle development (CAPZP). The gene-enrichment analyses highlighted biological mechanisms directly related to the metabolism and synthesis of lipids and fatty acids.
Conclusions
The large number of potential candidate genes identified within the CNVRs, as well as the functions and pathways identified, should help better elucidate the genetic mechanisms involved in the expression of beef and carcass traits in Nellore cattle. Several CNVRs harboured genes that might have a functional impact to improve the beef and carcass traits.
Implications
The results obtained contribute to upgrade the sensorial and organoleptic attributes of Nellore cattle and make feasible the genetic improvement of carcass- and meat-quality traits.
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22
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Kimura K, Morisasa M, Mizushige T, Karasawa R, Kanamaru C, Kabuyama Y, Hayasaka T, Mori T, Goto-Inoue N. Lipid Dynamics due to Muscle Atrophy Induced by Immobilization. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:937-946. [PMID: 34193670 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy refers to skeletal muscle loss and dysfunction that affects glucose and lipid metabolism. Moreover, muscle atrophy is manifested in cancer, diabetes, and obesity. In this study, we focused on lipid metabolism during muscle atrophy. We observed that the gastrocnemius muscle was associated with significant atrophy with 8 days of immobilization of hind limb joints and that muscle atrophy occurred regardless of the muscle fiber type. Further, we performed lipid analyses using thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and mass spectrometry imaging. Total amounts of triacylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin were found to be increased in the immobilized muscle. Additionally, we found that specific molecular species of phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin were increased by immobilization. Furthermore, the expression of adipose triglyceride lipase and the activity of cyclooxygenase-2 were significantly reduced by atrophy. From these results, it was revealed that lipid accumulation and metabolic changes in specific fatty acids occur during disuse muscle atrophy. The present study holds implications in validating preventive treatment strategies for muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kimura
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Mizuki Morisasa
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tsukasa Mori
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Naoko Goto-Inoue
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
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23
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Palla AR, Ravichandran M, Wang YX, Alexandrova L, Yang AV, Kraft P, Holbrook CA, Schürch CM, Ho ATV, Blau HM. Inhibition of prostaglandin-degrading enzyme 15-PGDH rejuvenates aged muscle mass and strength. Science 2020; 371:science.abc8059. [PMID: 33303683 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc8059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Treatments are lacking for sarcopenia, a debilitating age-related skeletal muscle wasting syndrome. We identifed increased amounts of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-degrading enzyme, as a hallmark of aged tissues, including skeletal muscle. The consequent reduction in PGE2 signaling contributed to muscle atrophy in aged mice and results from 15-PGDH-expressing myofibers and interstitial cells, such as macrophages, within muscle. Overexpression of 15-PGDH in young muscles induced atrophy. Inhibition of 15-PGDH, by targeted genetic depletion or a small-molecule inhibitor, increased aged muscle mass, strength, and exercise performance. These benefits arise from a physiological increase in PGE2 concentrations, which augmented mitochondrial function and autophagy and decreased transforming growth factor-β signaling and activity of ubiquitin-proteasome pathways. Thus, PGE2 signaling ameliorates muscle atrophy and rejuvenates muscle function, and 15-PGDH may be a suitable therapeutic target for countering sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Palla
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Ravichandran
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Y X Wang
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - L Alexandrova
- Vincent Coates Foundation Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A V Yang
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - P Kraft
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - C A Holbrook
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - C M Schürch
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Nolan Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A T V Ho
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - H M Blau
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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24
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Fountain WA, Naruse M, Claiborne A, Stroh AM, Gries KJ, Jones AM, Minchev K, Lester BE, Raue U, Trappe S, Trappe TA. Low-dose aspirin and COX inhibition in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:1477-1482. [PMID: 33002382 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00512.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle health has been shown to benefit from regular consumption of cyclooxygenase (COX)-inhibiting drugs. Aspirin, especially at low doses, is one of the most commonly consumed COX inhibitors, yet investigations of low-dose aspirin effects on skeletal muscle are nonexistent. The goal of this study was to examine the efficacy of low-dose aspirin on skeletal muscle COX production of the inflammatory regulator prostaglandin (PG)E2 at rest and after exercise. Skeletal muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were taken from eight individuals [4 men, 4 women; 25 ± 1 yr; 81.4 ± 3.4 kg; maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max): 3.33 ± 0.21 L/min] before and 3.5 h after 40 min of cycling at 70% of V̇o2max for the measurement of ex vivo PGE2 production. Muscle strips were incubated in Krebs-Henseleit buffer (control) or supplemented with one of two aspirin concentrations that reflected blood levels after a low (10 µM; typical oral dose: 75-325 mg) or standard (100 µM; typical oral dose: 975-1,000 mg) dose. Low (-22 ± 5%)- and standard (-28 ± 5%)-dose aspirin concentrations both reduced skeletal muscle PGE2 production, independent of exercise (P < 0.05). There was no difference in PGE2 suppression between the two doses (P > 0.05). In summary, low-dose aspirin levels are sufficient to inhibit the COX enzyme in skeletal muscle and significantly reduce production of PGE2, a known regulator of skeletal muscle health. Aerobic exercise does not appear to alter the inhibitory efficacy of aspirin. These findings may have implications for the tens of millions of individuals who chronically consume low-dose aspirin.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrated that even low-dose aspirin concentrations can significantly reduce the prostaglandin (PG)E2/cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway activity in human skeletal muscle and this effect is not altered during the recovery period following aerobic exercise. These findings are noteworthy since aspirin is one of the most commonly consumed drugs in the world and nonaspirin COX-inhibiting drugs have been shown to regulate skeletal muscle health in sedentary and exercise-training individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masatoshi Naruse
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Alex Claiborne
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Andrew M Stroh
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Kevin J Gries
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Andrew M Jones
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Kiril Minchev
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Bridget E Lester
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Ulrika Raue
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Scott Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Todd A Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
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25
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Lavin KM, Perkins RK, Jemiolo B, Raue U, Trappe SW, Trappe TA. Effects of aging and lifelong aerobic exercise on basal and exercise-induced inflammation in women. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:1493-1504. [PMID: 33054657 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00655.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Low muscle mass and frailty are especially prevalent in older women and may be accelerated by age-related inflammation. Habitual physical activity throughout the life span (lifelong exercise) may prevent muscle inflammation and associated pathologies, but this is unexplored in women. This investigation assessed basal and acute exercise-induced inflammation in three cohorts of women: young exercisers (YE, n = 10, 25 ± 1 yr, [Formula: see text]: 44 ± 2 mL/kg/min, quadriceps size: 59 ± 2 cm2), old healthy nonexercisers (OH, n = 10, 75 ± 1 yr, [Formula: see text]: 18 ± 1 mL/kg/min, quadriceps size: 40 ± 1 cm2), and lifelong aerobic exercisers with a 48 ± 2 yr aerobic training history (LLE, n = 7, 72 ± 2 yr, [Formula: see text]: 26 ± 2 mL/kg/min, quadriceps size: 42 ± 2 cm2). Resting serum IL-6, TNF-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), and IGF-1 were measured. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained at rest (basal) and 4 h after an acute exercise challenge (3 × 10 reps, 70% 1-repetition maximum) to assess gene expression of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-4, IL-1Ra, TGF-β), chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1), cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1, COX-2), prostaglandin E2 synthases (mPGES-1, cPGES) and receptors (EP3-4), and macrophage markers (CD16b, CD163), as well as basal macrophage abundance (CD68+ cells). The older cohorts (LLE + OH combined) demonstrated higher muscle IL-6 and COX-1 (P ≤ 0.05) than YE, whereas LLE expressed lower muscle IL-1β (P ≤ 0.05 vs. OH). Acute exercise increased muscle IL-6 expression in YE only, whereas the older cohorts combined had the higher postexercise expression of IL-8 and TNF-α (P ≤ 0.05 vs. YE). Only LLE had increased postexercise expression of muscle IL-1β and MCP-1 (P ≤ 0.05 vs. preexercise). Thus, aging in women led to mild basal and exercise-induced inflammation that was unaffected by lifelong aerobic exercise, which may have implications for long-term function and adaptability.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We previously reported a positive effect of lifelong exercise on skeletal muscle inflammation in aging men. This parallel investigation in women revealed that lifelong exercise did not protect against age-related increases in circulating or muscle inflammation and that preparedness to handle loading stress was not preserved by lifelong exercise. Further investigation is necessary to understand why lifelong aerobic exercise may not confer the same anti-inflammatory benefits in women as it does in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleen M Lavin
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Ryan K Perkins
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Bozena Jemiolo
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Ulrika Raue
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Scott W Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Todd A Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
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26
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Yuan Z, Yang L, Zhang X, Ji P, Hua Y, Wei Y. Mechanism of Huang-lian-Jie-du decoction and its effective fraction in alleviating acute ulcerative colitis in mice: Regulating arachidonic acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112872. [PMID: 32417423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huang-lian-Jie-du decoction (HLJDD) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription for clearing away heat, purging fire and detoxifying, which can be used to treat sepsis, stroke, Alzheimer's disease and gastrointestinal diseases. Our previous studies have shown that HLJDD can effectively alleviate acute ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice, and its n-butanol fraction (HLJDD-NBA) is the effective fraction. The aim of this study is to further investigate the mechanism of HLJDD and HLJDD-NBA in relieving UC in mice from a holistic perspective. METHODS The acute UC model of BABL/c mice was induced by 3.5% (w/v) dextran sodium sulfate drinking water. At the same time of modeling, HLJDD and HLJDD-NBA were given orally for treatment respectively. During the experiment, the clinical symptoms of mice were recorded and the physiological and biochemical indexes of mice were detected after the experiment. In addition, the plasma metabolites of mice in each group were detected and analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analysis method. Then, the potential target metabolic pathway of drug intervention was screened through the enrichment analysis of differential metabolites. Finally, we use molecular simulation docking technology to further explore the molecular regulatory mechanism of HLJDD and HLJDD-NBA on potential target metabolic pathways. RESULTS HLJDD and HLJDD-NBA intervention can significantly reduce the disease activity index of UC mice, inhibit colon length shortening and pathological damage, and relieve the abnormal changes of physiological and biochemical parameters of UC mice. Moreover, HLJDD and HLJDD-NBA can significantly inhibit the metabolic dysfunction of UC mice by reversing the abnormal changes of 24 metabolites in UC mice, and the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway and glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway are the target metabolic pathways regulated by them. Further literature review and molecular simulation docking analysis showed that HLJDD and HLJDD-NBA may inhibit the disorder of arachidonic acid metabolism pathway and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway by inhibiting COX-2 protein expression and PLA2, 5-LOX activity. CONCLUSIONS Our experiments revealed that HLJDD and HLJDD-NBA can alleviate UC of mice by regulating arachidonic acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism, which points out the direction for further research and development of HLJDD as a new anti-ulcer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Yuan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Lihong Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Xiaosong Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Peng Ji
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Yongli Hua
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Yanming Wei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
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Kulecka M, Fraczek B, Mikula M, Zeber-Lubecka N, Karczmarski J, Paziewska A, Ambrozkiewicz F, Jagusztyn-Krynicka K, Cieszczyk P, Ostrowski J. The composition and richness of the gut microbiota differentiate the top Polish endurance athletes from sedentary controls. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:1374-1384. [PMID: 32401138 PMCID: PMC7524299 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1758009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little data are available on the subject of gut microbiota composition in endurance athletes as well as connections between diet and specific bacteria abundance. However, most studies suggest that athletes' microbiota undergoes major alterations, which may contribute to increased physical performance. Therefore, we decided to investigate differences in gut microbiota between healthy controls and endurance athletes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stools samples were collected from 14 marathon runners, 11 cross-country skiers and 46 sedentary healthy controls. The athletes' diet evaluation was performed with 24-h diet recall, using the Aliant programme. The 16S gene sequencing was performed using the Ion 16S Metagenomics Kit on Ion Torrent PGM sequencer. Taxonomic classification and diversity indices computation was performed with Mothur. RESULTS 20 and 5 taxa differentiated healthy controls from marathon runners and cross-country skiers, respectively. Both groups presented a lowered abundance of major gut microbiota genus, Bacteroidetes and higher abundance of Prevotella. The athletes' microbiome was also more diverse in cross-country skiers than the one of sedentary controls (Simpson index p-value at 0.025). Thirty-one strong correlations (Spearman's coefficient > 0.6) were uncovered between bacteria abundance and diet, including inverse correlation of Prevotella with sucrose intake, Phascolarctobacterium with polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as positive correlation of Christensenellaceae with folic acid intake and Agathobacter with fiber amount in diet. CONCLUSIONS The excessive training associates with both differences in composition and promotion of higher bacterial diversity. Taxons enriched in athletes are known to participate in fiber fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kulecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland,Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Fraczek
- Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Mikula
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Zeber-Lubecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Karczmarski
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Paziewska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland,Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Filip Ambrozkiewicz
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jagusztyn-Krynicka
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Cieszczyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland,Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland,CONTACT Jerzy Ostrowski Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, Warsaw02-781, Poland
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Oral Administration of Sodium Nitrate to Metabolic Syndrome Patients Attenuates Mild Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses to Acute Exercise. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070596. [PMID: 32646062 PMCID: PMC7402183 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of exercise for the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome pathologies have been related to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Dietary nitrate supplementation is an emerging treatment strategy to alleviate the symptoms of metabolic syndrome affections and to improve vascular function. In this double-blind crossover trial, metabolic syndrome patients performed two exercise tests for 30 min at 60–70% maximal heart rate after the intake of a placebo or a nitrate-enriched beverage. Acute exercise increased the plasma concentration of TNFα, intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM1, PGE1, PGE2 and the newly detected 16-hydroxypalmitic acid (16-HPAL) in metabolic syndrome patients. The cytokine and oxylipin production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and neutrophils could be responsible for the plasma concentrations of TNFα and IL6, but not for the plasma concentration of oxylipins nor its post-exercise increase. The intake of sodium nitrate 30 min before exercise increased the concentration of nitrate and nitrite in the oral cavity and plasma and reduced the oxygen cost of exercise. Additionally, nitrate intake prevented the enhancing effects of acute exercise on the plasma concentration of TNFα, ICAM1, PGE1, PGE2 and 16-HPAL, while reducing the capabilities of PBMCs and neutrophils to produce oxylipins.
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Junejo RT, Ray CJ, Marshall JM. Prostaglandin contribution to postexercise hyperemia is dependent on tissue oxygenation during rhythmic and isometric contractions. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14471. [PMID: 32562377 PMCID: PMC7305242 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of prostaglandins (PGs) in exercise hyperemia is controversial. We tested their contributions in moderate intensity forearm exercise, whether their release is oxygen (O2)‐dependent or affected by aging. A total of 12 young (21 ± 1 years) and 11 older (66 ± 2 years) recreationally active men performed rhythmic and isometric handgrip contractions at 60% maximum voluntary contraction for 3 min during air breathing after placebo, after cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition with aspirin, while breathing 40% O2 and during their combination (aspirin + 40% O2). Forearm blood flow (FBF) was recorded with venous occlusion plethysmography (forearm vascular conductance (FVC): FBF/mean arterial pressure). Venous efflux of PGI2 and PGE2 were assessed by immunoassay. Postcontraction increases in FVC were similar for rhythmic and isometric contractions in young and older men, and accompanied by similar increases in efflux of PGI2 and PGE2. Aspirin attenuated the efflux of PGI2 by 75%–85%, PGE2 by 50%–70%, (p < .05 within group; p > .05 young versus. older), and postcontraction increases in FVC by 22%–27% and 17%–21% in young and older men, respectively (p < .05 within group and young versus. older). In both age groups, 40% O2 and aspirin + 40% O2 caused similar inhibition of the increases in FVC and efflux of PGs as aspirin alone (p < .05 within group). These results indicate that PGs make substantial contributions to the postcontraction hyperemia of rhythmic and isometric contractions at moderate intensities in recreationally active young and older men. Given PGI2 is mainly released by endothelium and PGE2 by muscle fibers, we propose PG generation is dependent on the contraction‐induced falls in O2 at these sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan T Junejo
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Clare J Ray
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Janice M Marshall
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Pearson W, Guazzelli Pezzali J, Antunes Donadelli R, Wagner A, Buff P. The Time Course of Inflammatory Biomarkers Following a One-Hour Exercise Bout in Canines: A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030486. [PMID: 32183167 PMCID: PMC7143319 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The purpose of this study is to generate preliminary data on the inflammatory effects of an hour of hunting in dogs. Four basset hounds were set out to find a scent and freely adopted running or walking over wooded terrain for one hour. Blood samples were obtained before exercise and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 10 h after the end of the exercise for analysis of markers of inflammation (prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 1β (IL-1β)), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), and inflammation resolution (resolvin D1 (RvD1)). There was an increase in inflammation one hour after the exercise, shown by a significant increase in PGE2. Following the peak, PGE2 steadily declined at the same time as RvD1 increased, with RvD1 peaking at six hours. This pilot study provides evidence that dogs that undergo an hour of hunt exercise experience transient inflammation that peaks one hour after the end of exercise; inflammation resolution peaks six hours after the end of exercise. Future studies should seek to further understand the distinct and combined roles of PGE2 and RvD1 in dog adaptation to exercise stress. Abstract There is little information available to describe the inflammatory consequences of and recovery from moderate-intensity exercise bouts in hunting dogs. The purpose of the current study is to generate pilot data on the appearance and disappearance of biomarkers of inflammation and inflammation resolution following a typical one-hour exercise bout in basset hounds. Four hounds were set out to find a scent and freely adopted running or walking over wooded terrain for approximately one hour. Venous blood samples were obtained before the exercise and at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 10 h following cessation of exercise and were analyzed for biomarkers of inflammation (prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 1β (IL-1β)) tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), and inflammation resolution (resolvin D1 (RvD1)). There was an increase in inflammation one hour after the exercise, shown by a significant increase in PGE2. Following this peak, PGE2 steadily declined at the same time as RvD1 increased, with RvD1 peaking at six hours. This pilot study provides evidence that dogs that undergo an hour of hunt exercise experience transient inflammation that peaks one hour after the end of exercise; inflammation resolution peaks six hours after the end of exercise. Future studies should seek to further understand the distinct and combined roles of PGE2 and RvD1 in dog adaptation to exercise stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Pearson
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (J.G.P.); (R.A.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Julia Guazzelli Pezzali
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (J.G.P.); (R.A.D.)
| | - Renan Antunes Donadelli
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (J.G.P.); (R.A.D.)
| | - Ashley Wagner
- Probiotech International, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8L2, Canada;
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Targeting Age-Dependent Functional and Metabolic Decline of Human Skeletal Muscle: The Geroprotective Role of Exercise, Myokine IL-6, and Vitamin D. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031010. [PMID: 32033000 PMCID: PMC7037081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the elderly, whole-body health largely relies on healthy skeletal muscle, which controls body stability, locomotion, and metabolic homeostasis. Age-related skeletal muscle structural/functional deterioration is associated with a higher risk of severe comorbid conditions and poorer outcomes, demanding major socioeconomic costs. Thus, the need for efficient so-called geroprotective strategies to improve resilience and ensure a good quality of life in older subjects is urgent. Skeletal muscle senescence and metabolic dysregulation share common cellular/intracellular mechanisms, potentially representing targets for intervention to preserve muscle integrity. Many factors converge in aging, and multifaceted approaches have been proposed as interventions, although they have often been inconclusive. Physical exercise can counteract aging and metabolic deficits, not only in maintaining tissue mass, but also by preserving tissue secretory function. Indeed, skeletal muscle is currently considered a proper secretory organ controlling distant organ functions through immunoactive regulatory small peptides called myokines. This review provides a current perspective on the main biomolecular mechanisms underlying age-dependent and metabolic deterioration of skeletal muscle, herein discussed as a secretory organ, the functional integrity of which largely depends on exercise and myokine release. In particular, muscle-derived interleukin (IL)-6 is discussed as a nutrient-level biosensor. Overall, exercise and vitamin D are addressed as optimal geroprotective strategies in view of their multi-target effects.
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Lavin KM, Perkins RK, Jemiolo B, Raue U, Trappe SW, Trappe TA. Effects of aging and lifelong aerobic exercise on basal and exercise-induced inflammation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:87-99. [PMID: 31751180 PMCID: PMC6985808 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00495.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated chronic basal inflammation compromises muscle mass and adaptability, but exercise training may exert an anti-inflammatory effect. This investigation assessed basal and exercise-induced inflammation in three cohorts of men: young exercisers [YE; n = 10 men; 25 ± 1 yr; maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max), 53 ± 3 mL·kg-1·min-1; quadriceps area, 78 ± 3 cm2; means ± SE], old healthy nonexercisers (OH; n = 10; 75 ± 1 yr; V̇o2max, 22 ± 1 mL·kg-1·min-1; quadriceps area, 56 ± 3 cm2), and lifelong exercisers with an aerobic training history of 53 ± 1 yr (LLE; n = 21; 74 ± 1 yr; V̇o2max, 34 ± 1 mL·kg-1·min-1; quadriceps area, 67 ± 2 cm2). Resting serum IL-6, TNF-α, C-reactive protein, and IGF-1 levels were measured. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained at rest (basal) and 4 h after an acute exercise challenge (3 × 10 repetitions, 70% 1-repetition maximum) to assess gene expression of cytokines [IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-4, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)], chemokines [IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)], cyclooxygenase enzymes [cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2, respectively), prostaglandin E2 synthases [microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1) and cytosolic prostaglandin E2 synthase (cPGES)] and receptors [prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 and EP4 subtypes (EP3 and EP4, respectively), and macrophage markers [cluster of differentiation 16b (CD16b) and CD163], as well as basal macrophage abundance (CD68+ cells). Aging led to higher (P ≤ 0.05) circulating IL-6 and skeletal muscle COX-1, mPGES-1, and CD163 expression. However, LLE had significantly lower serum IL-6 levels (P ≤ 0.05 vs. OH) and a predominantly anti-inflammatory muscle profile [higher IL-10 (P ≤ 0.05 vs. YE), TNF-α, TGF-β, and EP4 levels (P ≤ 0.05 vs. OH)]. In OH only, acute exercise increased expression of proinflammatory factors TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-8 (P ≤ 0.05). LLE had postexercise gene expression similar to YE, except lower IL-10 (P ≤ 0.10), mPGES-1, and EP3 expression (P ≤ 0.05). Thus, although aging led to a proinflammatory profile within blood and muscle, lifelong exercise partially prevented this and generally preserved the acute inflammatory response to exercise seen in young exercising men. Lifelong exercise may positively impact muscle health throughout aging by promoting anti-inflammation in skeletal muscle.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study assessed a unique population of lifelong aerobic exercising men and demonstrated that their activity status exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in skeletal muscle and circulation. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the inflammatory response to acute exercise is dysregulated by aging but preserved with lifelong exercise, which might improve skeletal muscle resilience to unaccustomed loading and adaptability into late life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleen M Lavin
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Ryan K Perkins
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Bozena Jemiolo
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Ulrika Raue
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Scott W Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Todd A Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
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Ferrer MD, Busquets-Cortés C, Capó X, Tejada S, Tur JA, Pons A, Sureda A. Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors as a Therapeutic Target in Inflammatory Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3225-3241. [PMID: 29756563 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180514112124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of many complex diseases and disorders including autoimmune diseases, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular pathologies. Prostaglandins play a regulatory role in inflammation. Cyclooxygenases are the main mediators of inflammation by catalyzing the initial step of arachidonic acid metabolism and prostaglandin synthesis. The differential expression of the constitutive isoform COX-1 and the inducible isoform COX-2, and the finding that COX-1 is the major form expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, lead to the search for COX-2-selective inhibitors as anti-inflammatory agents that might diminish the gastrointestinal side effects of traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). COX-2 isoform is expressed predominantly in inflammatory cells and decidedly upregulated in chronic and acute inflammations, becoming a critical target for many pharmacological inhibitors. COX-2 selective inhibitors happen to show equivalent efficacy with that of conventional NSAIDs, but they have reduced gastrointestinal side effects. This review would elucidate the most recent findings on selective COX-2 inhibition and their relevance to human pathology, concretely in inflammatory pathologies characterized by a prolonged pro-inflammatory status, including autoimmune diseases, metabolic syndrome, obesity, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arthritis, chronic inflammatory bowel disease and cardiovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel D Ferrer
- Laboratory for Physical Activity Sciences and Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress. Department of Basic Biology and Health Sciences, IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,CIBEROBN (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición CB12/03/30038) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Busquets-Cortés
- Laboratory for Physical Activity Sciences and Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress. Department of Basic Biology and Health Sciences, IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Xavier Capó
- Laboratory for Physical Activity Sciences and Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress. Department of Basic Biology and Health Sciences, IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Department, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Laboratory for Physical Activity Sciences and Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress. Department of Basic Biology and Health Sciences, IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,CIBEROBN (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición CB12/03/30038) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Pons
- Laboratory for Physical Activity Sciences and Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress. Department of Basic Biology and Health Sciences, IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,CIBEROBN (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición CB12/03/30038) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Laboratory for Physical Activity Sciences and Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress. Department of Basic Biology and Health Sciences, IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,CIBEROBN (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición CB12/03/30038) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Anoveros‐Barrera A, Bhullar AS, Stretch C, Esfandiari N, Dunichand‐Hoedl AR, Martins KJ, Bigam D, Khadaroo RG, McMullen T, Bathe OF, Damaraju S, Skipworth RJ, Putman CT, Baracos VE, Mazurak VC. Clinical and biological characterization of skeletal muscle tissue biopsies of surgical cancer patients. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:1356-1377. [PMID: 31307124 PMCID: PMC9536086 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers increasingly use intraoperative muscle biopsy to investigate mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy in patients with cancer. Muscles have been assessed for morphological, cellular, and biochemical features. The aim of this study was to conduct a state-of-the-science review of this literature and, secondly, to evaluate clinical and biological variation in biopsies of rectus abdominis (RA) muscle from a cohort of patients with malignancies. METHODS Literature was searched for reports on muscle biopsies from patients with a cancer diagnosis. Quality of reports and risk of bias were assessed. Data abstracted included patient characteristics and diagnoses, sample size, tissue collection and biobanking procedures, and results. A cohort of cancer patients (n = 190, 88% gastrointestinal malignancies), who underwent open abdominal surgery as part of their clinical care, consented to RA biopsy from the site of incision. Computed tomography (CT) scans were used to quantify total abdominal muscle and RA cross-sectional areas and radiodensity. Biopsies were assessed for muscle fibre area (μm2 ), fibre types, myosin heavy chain isoforms, and expression of genes selected for their involvement in catabolic pathways of muscle. RESULTS Muscle biopsy occurred in 59 studies (total N = 1585 participants). RA was biopsied intraoperatively in 40 studies (67%), followed by quadriceps (26%; percutaneous biopsy) and other muscles (7%). Cancer site and stage, % of male participants, and age were highly variable between studies. Details regarding patient medical history and biopsy procedures were frequently absent. Lack of description of the population(s) sampled and low sample size contributed to low quality and risk of bias. Weight-losing cases were compared with weight stable cancer or healthy controls without considering a measure of muscle mass in 21 out of 44 studies. In the cohort of patients providing biopsy for this study, 78% of patients had preoperative CT scans and a high proportion (64%) met published criteria for sarcopenia. Fibre type distribution in RA was type I (46% ± 13), hybrid type I/IIA (1% ± 1), type IIA (36% ± 10), hybrid type IIA/D (15% ± 14), and type IID (2% ± 5). Sexual dimorphism was prominent in RA CT cross-sectional area, mean fibre cross-sectional area, and in expression of genes associated with muscle growth, apoptosis, and inflammation (P < 0.05). Medical history revealed multiple co-morbid conditions and medications. CONCLUSIONS Continued collaboration between researchers and cancer surgeons enables a more complete understanding of mechanisms of cancer-associated muscle atrophy. Standardization of biobanking practices, tissue manipulation, patient characterization, and classification will enhance the consistency, reliability, and comparability of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Anoveros‐Barrera
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Amritpal S. Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | | | - Nina Esfandiari
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Abha R. Dunichand‐Hoedl
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Karen J.B. Martins
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - David Bigam
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Rachel G. Khadaroo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Todd McMullen
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Oliver F. Bathe
- Department of OncologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
| | - Sambasivarao Damaraju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | | | - Charles T. Putman
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, Faculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Vickie E. Baracos
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Vera C. Mazurak
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
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Nutritional and Pharmacological Interventions to Expedite Recovery Following Muscle-Damaging Exercise in Older Adults: A Narrative Review of the Literature. J Aging Phys Act 2019; 27:914-928. [PMID: 30859892 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2018-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) manifests as muscle soreness, inflammation, and reductions in force generating capacity that can last for several days after exercise. The ability to recover and repair damaged tissues following EIMD is impaired with age, with older adults (≥50 years old) experiencing a slower rate of recovery than their younger counterparts do for the equivalent exercise bout. This narrative review discusses the literature examining the effect of nutritional or pharmacological supplements taken to counter the potentially debilitating effects of EIMD in older adults. Studies have assessed the effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamin C and/or E, or higher protein diets on recovery in older adults. Each intervention showed some promise for attenuating EIMD, but, overall, there is a paucity of available data in this population, and more studies are required to determine the influence of nutrition or pharmacological interventions on EIMD in older adults.
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Mixed Flavonoid Supplementation Attenuates Postexercise Plasma Levels of 4-Hydroxynonenal and Protein Carbonyls in Endurance Athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2019; 30:112–119. [PMID: 31754080 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This double-blinded, placebo controlled, randomized crossover trial investigated the influence of 2-week mixed flavonoid versus placebo supplementation on oxinflammation markers after a 75-km cycling time trial in 22 cyclists (42.3 ± 1.7 years). Blood samples were collected before and after the 2-week supplementation, and then 0 hr, 1.5 hr, and 21 hr post 75-km cycling (176 ± 5.4 min, 73.4 ±2.0% maximal oxygen consumption). The supplement provided 678-mg flavonoids with quercetin (200 mg), green tea catechins (368 mg, 180-mg epigallocatechin gallate), and anthocyanins (128 mg) from bilberry extract, with caffeine, vitamin C, and omega-3 fatty acids added as adjuvants. Blood samples were analyzed for blood leukocyte counts, oxinflammation biomarkers, including 4-hydroxynonenal, protein carbonyls, and peripheral blood mononuclear mRNA expression for cyclooxygenease-2 and glutathione peroxidase. Each of the blood biomarkers was elevated postexercise (time effects, all ps < .01), with lower plasma levels for 4-hydroxynonenal (at 21-hr postexercise) in flavonoid versus placebo (interaction effect, p = .008). Although elevated postexercise, no trial differences for the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (p = .539) or peripheral blood mononuclear mRNA expression for cyclooxygenease-2 (p = .322) or glutathione peroxidase (p = .839) were shown. Flavonoid supplementation prior to intensive exercise decreased plasma peroxidation and oxidative damage, as determined by 4-hydroxynonenal. Postexercise increases were similar between the flavonoid and placebo trials for peripheral blood mononuclear mRNA expression for cyclooxygenease-2 and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 related gene glutathione peroxidase (NFE2L2). The data support the strategy of flavonoid supplementation to mitigate postexercise oxidative stress in endurance athletes.
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Sarver DC, Sugg KB, Talarek JR, Swanson JB, Oliver DJ, Hinken AC, Kramer HF, Mendias CL. Prostaglandin D 2 signaling is not involved in the recovery of rat hind limb tendons from injury. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14289. [PMID: 31782241 PMCID: PMC6882956 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Injured tendons heal through the formation of a fibrovascular scar that has inferior mechanical properties compared to native tendon tissue. Reducing inflammation that occurs as a result of the injury could limit scar formation and improve functional recovery of tendons. Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2 ) plays an important role in promoting inflammation in some injury responses and chronic disease processes, and the inhibition of PGD2 has improved healing and reduced disease burden in animal models and early clinical trials. Based on these findings, we sought to determine the role of PGD2 signaling in the healing of injured tendon tissue. We tested the hypothesis that a potent and specific inhibitor of hematopoietic PGD synthase (HPGDS), GSK2894631A, would improve the recovery of tendons of adult male rats following an acute tenotomy and repair. To test this hypothesis, we performed a full-thickness plantaris tendon tenotomy followed by immediate repair and treated rats twice daily with either 0, 2, or 6 mg/kg of GSK2894631A. Tendons were collected either 7 or 21 days after surgical repair, and mechanical properties of tendons were assessed along with RNA sequencing and histology. While there were some differences in gene expression across groups, the targeted inhibition of HPGDS did not impact the functional repair of tendons after injury, as HPGDS expression was surprisingly low in injured tendons. These results indicate that PGD2 signaling does not appear to be important in modulating the repair of injured tendon tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan C. Sarver
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySection of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA
- Present address:
Department of PhysiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Kristoffer B. Sugg
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySection of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative PhysiologySection of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA
- Department of SurgerySection of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Jeffrey R. Talarek
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySection of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative PhysiologySection of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA
- Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | | | - Aaron C. Hinken
- Muscle Metabolism DPUGlaxoSmithKline PharmaceuticalsKing of PrussiaPAUSA
| | - Henning F. Kramer
- Muscle Metabolism DPUGlaxoSmithKline PharmaceuticalsKing of PrussiaPAUSA
| | - Christopher L. Mendias
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySection of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative PhysiologySection of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA
- Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Physiology & BiophysicsWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA
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Aiku AO, Marshall JM. Contribution of prostaglandins to exercise hyperaemia: workload, ethnicity and sex matter! J Physiol 2019; 597:4887-4900. [PMID: 31399992 DOI: 10.1113/jp278033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of prostaglandins (PGs) to exercise hyperaemia is controversial. In this review, we argue this is partly explained by differences in exercise intensity between studies. The effects of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition and PG assays indicate that PGs contribute more at moderate to heavy than at light workloads and are mainly released by low tissue O2 . But, the release and actions of PGs also depend on other O2 -dependent dilators including ATP, adenosine and NO. K+ may inhibit the action of PGs and other mediators by causing hyperpolarization, but contributes to the hyperaemia. Thus, at lighter loads, the influence of PGs may be blunted by K+ , while COX inhibition leads to compensatory increases in other O2 -dependent dilators. In addition, we show that other sources of variability are sex and ethnicity. Our findings indicate that exercise hyperaemia following rhythmic contractions at 60% maximum voluntary contraction, is smaller in young black African (BA) men and women than in their white European (WE) counterparts, but larger in men than in women of both ethnicities. We propose the larger absolute force in men causes greater vascular occlusion and accumulation of dilators, while blunted hyperaemia in BAs may reflect lower oxidative capacity and O2 requirement. Nevertheless, COX inhibition attenuated peak hyperaemia by ∼30% in WE, BA men and WE women, indicating PGs make a substantial contribution in all three groups. There was no effect in BA women. Lack of PG involvement may provide early evidence of endothelial dysfunction, consistent in BA women with their greater risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abimbola O Aiku
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Janice M Marshall
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Transcriptome profiles revealed the mechanisms underlying the adaptation of yak to high-altitude environments. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7558. [PMID: 31101838 PMCID: PMC6525198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The yak is a valuable species in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying its adaptation to high-altitude environments remain largely unknown. In the present study, comparative transcriptome sequencing was performed for lung and gluteus tissues from two species of low-altitude cattle (Sanjiang and Holstein cattle), Tibetan cattle (living at a moderate altitude), and yak (living at a high altitude) and the differentially expressed genes were validated using real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that CD36 antigen was up-regulated and CD59 antigen was down-regulated in yak in comparison to the other animals, which might promote the development of red blood cells and inhibit the development of lymphocytes in yak. In addition, thrombospondin type 1, coagulation factor 5/8, and fibronectin were all down-regulated, but serpin and alpha 2-macroglobulin (A2M) were up-regulated. These differences would inhibit blood coagulation, thus reducing the risk of pulmonary edema. The expression levels of the calcium-release, potassium, and transient receptor potential channels decreased in yak, minimizing membrane depolarization and the harmful effects of pulmonary edema. Eleven KEGG pathways associated with innate immunity were more activated in yak and Tibetan cattle than in other cattle strains, which should reduce their risk of infection and disease. These changes together might facilitate the adaptation of yak and Tibetan cattle to live in high-altitude habitats.
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Nieman DC, Lila MA, Gillitt ND. Immunometabolism: A Multi-Omics Approach to Interpreting the Influence of Exercise and Diet on the Immune System. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2019; 10:341-363. [PMID: 30633566 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Immunometabolism is an evolving field of scientific endeavor that merges immunology and metabolism and has provided valuable context when evaluating the influence of dietary interventions on exercise-induced immune dysfunction. Metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics provide a system-wide view of the metabolic response to exercise by simultaneously measuring and identifying a large number of small-molecule metabolites, lipids, and proteins. Many of these are involved with immune function and regulation and are sensitive to dietary influences, especially acute carbohydrate ingestion from either sugar beverages or fruits such as bananas. Emerging evidence using large multi-omics data sets supports the combined intake of fruit sugars and phytochemicals by athletes during heavy exertion as an effective strategy to improve metabolic recovery, augment viral defense, and counter postexercise inflammation and immune dysfunction at the cell level. Multi-omics methodologies have given investigators new outcome targets to assess the efficacy of various dietary interventions for physiologically stressed athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA;
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Nicholas D Gillitt
- Dole Nutrition Research Laboratory, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
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Lundberg TR, Howatson G. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs in sports: Implications for exercise performance and training adaptations. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:2252-2262. [PMID: 30102811 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over-the-counter analgesics, such as anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and paracetamol, are widely consumed by athletes worldwide to increase pain tolerance, or dampen pain and reduce inflammation from injuries. Given that these drugs also can modulate tissue protein turnover, it is important to scrutinize the implications of acute and chronic use of these drugs in relation to exercise performance and the development of long-term training adaptations. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the studies investigating the effects of analgesic drugs on exercise performance and training adaptations relevant for athletic development. There is emerging evidence that paracetamol might acutely improve important endurance parameters as well as aspects of neuromuscular performance, possibly through increased pain tolerance. Both NSAIDs and paracetamol have been demonstrated to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, which might explain the reduced anabolic response to acute exercise bouts. Consistent with this, NSAIDs have been reported to interfere with muscle hypertrophy and strength gains in response to chronic resistance training in young individuals. Although it remains to be established whether any of these observations also translate into detriments in sport-specific performance or reduced training adaptations in elite athletes, the extensive use of these drugs certainly raises practical, ethical, and important safety concerns that need to be addressed. Overall, we encourage greater awareness among athletes, coaches, and support staff on the potential adverse effects of these drugs. A risk-benefit analysis and professional guidance are strongly advised before the athlete considers analgesic medicine for training or competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy R Lundberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.,Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, Northwest University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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D’Lugos AC, Patel SH, Ormsby JC, Curtis DP, Fry CS, Carroll CC, Dickinson JM. Prior acetaminophen consumption impacts the early adaptive cellular response of human skeletal muscle to resistance exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 124:1012-1024. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00922.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance exercise (RE) is a powerful stimulus for skeletal muscle adaptation. Previous data demonstrate that cyclooxygenase (COX)-inhibiting drugs alter the cellular mechanisms regulating the adaptive response of skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine whether prior consumption of the COX inhibitor acetaminophen (APAP) alters the immediate adaptive cellular response in human skeletal muscle after RE. In a double-blinded, randomized, crossover design, healthy young men ( n = 8, 25 ± 1 yr) performed two trials of unilateral knee extension RE (8 sets, 10 reps, 65% max strength). Subjects ingested either APAP (1,000 mg/6 h) or placebo (PLA) for 24 h before RE (final dose consumed immediately after RE). Muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were collected at rest and 1 h and 3 h after exercise. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 signaling was assessed through immunoblot and immunohistochemistry, and mRNA expression of myogenic genes was examined via RT-qPCR. At 1 h p-rpS6Ser240/244 was increased in both groups but to a greater extent in PLA. At 3 h p-S6K1Thr389 was elevated only in PLA. Furthermore, localization of mTOR to the lysosome (LAMP2) in myosin heavy chain (MHC) II fibers increased 3 h after exercise only in PLA. mTOR-LAMP2 colocalization in MHC I fibers was greater in PLA vs. APAP 1 h after exercise. Myostatin mRNA expression was reduced 1 h after exercise only in PLA. MYF6 mRNA expression was increased 1 h and 3 h after exercise only in APAP. APAP consumption appears to alter the early adaptive cellular response of skeletal muscle to RE. These findings further highlight the mechanisms through which COX-inhibiting drugs impact the adaptive response of skeletal muscle to exercise. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The extent to which the cellular reaction to acetaminophen impacts the mechanisms regulating the adaptive response of human skeletal muscle to resistance exercise is not well understood. Consumption of acetaminophen before resistance exercise appears to suppress the early response of mTORC1 activity to acute resistance exercise. These data also demonstrate, for the first time, that resistance exercise elicits fiber type-specific changes in the intracellular colocalization of mTOR with the lysosome in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. D’Lugos
- Healthy Lifestyles Research Center, Exercise Science and Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Shivam H. Patel
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona
| | - Jordan C. Ormsby
- Healthy Lifestyles Research Center, Exercise Science and Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | - Christopher S. Fry
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Chad C. Carroll
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona
| | - Jared M. Dickinson
- Healthy Lifestyles Research Center, Exercise Science and Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
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Nieman DC, Gillitt ND, Sha W, Esposito D, Ramamoorthy S. Metabolic recovery from heavy exertion following banana compared to sugar beverage or water only ingestion: A randomized, crossover trial. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194843. [PMID: 29566095 PMCID: PMC5864065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives and methods Using a randomized, crossover, counterbalanced approach, cyclists (N = 20, overnight fasted state) engaged in the four 75-km time trials (2-week washout) while ingesting two types of bananas with similar carbohydrate (CHO) but different phenolic content (Cavendish, CAV; mini-yellow, MIY, 63% higher polyphenols), a 6% sugar beverage (SUG), and water only (WAT). CHO intake was set at 0.2 g/kg every 15 minutes. Blood samples were collected pre-exercise and 0 h-, 0.75 h-,1.5 h-, 3 h-, 4.5 h-, 21 h-, 45 h-post-exercise. Results Each of the CHO trials (CAV, MIY, SUG) compared to water was associated with higher post-exercise plasma glucose and fructose, and lower leukocyte counts, plasma 9+13 HODES, and IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1ra. OPLS-DA analysis showed that metabolic perturbation (N = 1,605 metabolites) for WAT (86.8±4.0 arbitrary units) was significantly greater and sustained than for CAV (70.4±3.9, P = 0.006), MIY (68.3±4.0, P = 0.002), and SUG (68.1±4.2, P = 0.002). VIP ranking (<3.0, N = 25 metabolites) showed that both CAV and MIY were associated with significant fold changes in metabolites including those from amino acid and xenobiotics pathways. OPLS-DA analysis of immediate post-exercise metabolite shifts showed a significant separation of CAV and MIY from both WAT and SUG (R2Y = 0.848, Q2Y = 0.409). COX-2 mRNA expression was lower in both CAV and MIY, but not SUG, versus WAT at 21-h post-exercise in THP-1 monocytes cultured in plasma samples. Analysis of immediate post-exercise samples showed a decrease in LPS-stimulated THP-1 monocyte extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in CAV and MIY, but not SUG, compared to WAT. Conclusions CHO ingestion from bananas or a sugar beverage had a comparable influence in attenuating metabolic perturbation and inflammation following 75-km cycling. Ex-vivo analysis with THP-1 monocytes supported a decrease in COX-2 mRNA expression and reduced reliance on glycolysis for ATP production following ingestion of bananas but not sugar water when compared to water alone. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, U.S. National Institutes of Health, identifier: NCT02994628
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicholas D. Gillitt
- Dole Nutrition Research Laboratory, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Wei Sha
- Bioinformatics Services Division, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Debora Esposito
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
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Kang C, Shin WS, Yeo D, Lim W, Zhang T, Ji LL. Anti-inflammatory effect of avenanthramides via NF-κB pathways in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 117:30-36. [PMID: 29371164 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Avenanthramides (Avns), the polyphenol compounds found only in oats, have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects mainly by inhibiting nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation in select cell lines. However, the molecular mechanism by which Avns regulate the NF-κB pathway is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) the molecular mechanism by which three main fractions of Avns (AvnA, AvnB and AvnC) interact with IκB Kinase β (IKKβ); and (2) whether this interaction results in reduced inflammatory responses in skeletal muscle cells. The protein-ligand docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies suggest that Avns acted as an allosteric inhibitor for modulating IKKβ's affinity for the NF-κB complex. Thus, Avns reduced IKKβ kinase activity in response to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) stimulation and attenuated tBHP-induced TNFα and IL-1β mRNA expression. Furthermore, the three-fold increases in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein and luciferase activity with tBHP treatment were reduced by 50% with Avns (P < .01), along with decreased prostaglandin E2 levels (P < .01). These data indicate that Avns are potent inhibitors of NFκB-mediated inflammatory response due to the downregulation of IKKβ activity in C2C12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chounghun Kang
- Department of Physical Education, Inha University, South Korea
| | - Woo Shik Shin
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Dongwook Yeo
- Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene and Exercise Science, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, MN 55455, United States
| | - Wonchung Lim
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, South Korea
| | - Tianou Zhang
- Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene and Exercise Science, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, MN 55455, United States
| | - Li Li Ji
- Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene and Exercise Science, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, MN 55455, United States.
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Lilja M, Mandić M, Apró W, Melin M, Olsson K, Rosenborg S, Gustafsson T, Lundberg TR. High doses of anti-inflammatory drugs compromise muscle strength and hypertrophic adaptations to resistance training in young adults. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 222. [PMID: 28834248 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study tested the hypothesis that high doses of anti-inflammatory drugs would attenuate the adaptive response to resistance training compared with low doses. METHODS Healthy men and women (aged 18-35 years) were randomly assigned to daily consumption of ibuprofen (IBU; 1200 mg; n = 15) or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; 75 mg; n = 16) for 8 weeks. During this period, subjects completed supervised knee-extensor resistance training where one leg was subjected to training with maximal volitional effort in each repetition using a flywheel ergometer (FW), while the other leg performed conventional (work-matched across groups) weight-stack training (WS). Before and after training, muscle volume (MRI) and strength were assessed, and muscle biopsies were analysed for gene and protein expression of muscle growth regulators. RESULTS The increase in m. quadriceps volume was similar between FW and WS, yet was (averaged across legs) greater in ASA (7.5%) compared with IBU (3.7%, group difference 34 cm3 ; P = 0.029). In the WS leg, muscle strength improved similarly (11-20%) across groups. In the FW leg, increases (10-23%) in muscle strength were evident in both groups yet they were generally greater (interaction effects P < 0.05) for ASA compared with IBU. While our molecular analysis revealed several training effects, the only group interaction (P < 0.0001) arose from a downregulated mRNA expression of IL-6 in IBU. CONCLUSION Maximal over-the-counter doses of ibuprofen attenuate strength and muscle hypertrophic adaptations to 8 weeks of resistance training in young adults. Thus, young individuals using resistance training to maximize muscle growth or strength should avoid excessive intake of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lilja
- Division of Clinical Physiology; Department of Laboratory Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Unit of Clinical Physiology; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - M. Mandić
- Division of Clinical Physiology; Department of Laboratory Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Unit of Clinical Physiology; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - W. Apró
- Åstrand Laboratory; Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences; Stockholm Sweden
| | - M. Melin
- Division of Clinical Physiology; Department of Laboratory Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Unit of Clinical Physiology; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Cardiology; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - K. Olsson
- Division of Clinical Physiology; Department of Laboratory Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Unit of Clinical Physiology; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - S. Rosenborg
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Laboratory Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - T. Gustafsson
- Division of Clinical Physiology; Department of Laboratory Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Unit of Clinical Physiology; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - T. R. Lundberg
- Division of Clinical Physiology; Department of Laboratory Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Unit of Clinical Physiology; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
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Huang YR, Tsai YH, Liu CL, Syue WZ, Su YC. Chemical Characteristics of Different Tissues of Spectacled Caiman (Caiman crocodilus). JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2017.1407854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ru Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Penghu, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Hsiang Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Lu Liu
- Department of Food Science, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Penghu, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Zong Syue
- Department of Food Science, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Penghu, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Cheng Su
- Seafood Research and Education Center, Oregon State University Astoria, Oregon, USA
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Ratchford SM, Lavin KM, Perkins RK, Jemiolo B, Trappe SW, Trappe TA. Aspirin as a COX inhibitor and anti-inflammatory drug in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:1610-1616. [PMID: 28706001 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01119.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although aspirin is one of the most common anti-inflammatory drugs in the world, the effect of aspirin on human skeletal muscle inflammation is almost completely unknown. This study examined the potential effects and related time course of an orally consumed aspirin dose on the inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)/cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway in human skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis of 10 healthy adults (5 male and 5 female, 25 ± 2 yr old) before (Pre) and 2, 4, and 24 h after (Post) a standard dose (975mg) of aspirin and partitioned for analysis of 1) in vivo PGE2 levels in resting skeletal muscle and 2) ex vivo skeletal muscle PGE2 production when stimulated with the COX substrate arachidonic acid (5 μM). PGE2 levels in vivo and PGE2 production ex vivo were generally unchanged at each time point after aspirin consumption. However, most individuals clearly showed suppression of PGE2, but at varying time points after aspirin consumption. When the maximum suppression after aspirin consumption was examined for each individual, independent of time, PGE2 levels in vivo (184 ± 17 and 104 ± 23pg/g wet wt at Pre and Post, respectively) and PGE2 production ex vivo (2.74 ± 0.17 and 2.09 ± 0.11pg·mg wet wt-1·min-1 at Pre and Post, respectively) were reduced ( P < 0.05) by 44% and 24%, respectively. These results provide evidence that orally consumed aspirin can inhibit the COX pathway and reduce the inflammatory mediator PGE2 in human skeletal muscle. Findings from this study highlight the need to expand our knowledge regarding the potential role for aspirin regulation of the deleterious influence of inflammation on skeletal muscle health in aging and exercising individuals. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrated that orally consumed aspirin can target the prostaglandin/cyclooxygenase pathway in human skeletal muscle. This pathway has been shown to regulate skeletal muscle metabolism and inflammation in aging and exercising individuals. Given the prevalence of aspirin consumption, these findings may have implications for skeletal muscle health in a large segment of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaleen M Lavin
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Ryan K Perkins
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Bozena Jemiolo
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Scott W Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Todd A Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
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48
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Barcelos RP, Bresciani G, Cuevas MJ, Martínez-Flórez S, Soares FAA, González-Gallego J. Diclofenac pretreatment modulates exercise-induced inflammation in skeletal muscle of rats through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:757-764. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as diclofenac, are widely used to treat inflammation and pain in several conditions, including sports injuries. This study analyzes the influence of diclofenac on the toll-like receptor-nuclear factor kappa B (TLR-NF-κB) pathway in skeletal muscle of rats submitted to acute eccentric exercise. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control-saline, control-diclofenac, exercise-saline, and exercise-diclofenac. Diclofenac or saline were administered for 7 days prior to an acute eccentric exercise bout. The inflammatory status was evaluated through mRNA levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and protein content of COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α in vastus lateralis muscle. Data obtained showed that a single bout of eccentric exercise significantly increased COX-2 gene expression. Similarly, mRNA expression and protein content of other inflammation-related genes also increased after the acute exercise. However, these effects were attenuated in the exercise + diclofenac group. TLR4, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), and p65 were also upregulated after the acute eccentric bout and the effect was blunted by the anti-inflammatory drug. These findings suggest that pretreatment with diclofenac may represent an effective tool to ameliorate the pro-inflammatory status induced by acute exercise in rat skeletal muscle possibly through an attenuation of the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo Pillon Barcelos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, Campus Universitario, 24071 León, Spain
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900 Brazil
| | - Guilherme Bresciani
- Grupo de Investigación en Rendimiento Físico y Salud Escuela de Educación Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, 2530388 Chile
| | - Maria José Cuevas
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, Campus Universitario, 24071 León, Spain
| | | | - Félix Alexandre Antunes Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
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Bryant AE, Aldape MJ, Bayer CR, Katahira EJ, Bond L, Nicora CD, Fillmore TL, Clauss TRW, Metz TO, Webb-Robertson BJ, Stevens DL. Effects of delayed NSAID administration after experimental eccentric contraction injury - A cellular and proteomics study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172486. [PMID: 28245256 PMCID: PMC5330483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute muscle injuries are exceedingly common and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely consumed to reduce the associated inflammation, swelling and pain that peak 1-2 days post-injury. While prophylactic use or early administration of NSAIDs has been shown to delay muscle regeneration and contribute to loss of muscle strength after healing, little is known about the effects of delayed NSAID use. Further, NSAID use following non-penetrating injury has been associated with increased risk and severity of infection, including that due to group A streptococcus, though the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The present study investigated the effects of delayed NSAID administration on muscle repair and sought mechanisms supporting an injury/NSAID/infection axis. METHODS A murine model of eccentric contraction (EC)-induced injury of the tibialis anterior muscle was used to profile the cellular and molecular changes induced by ketorolac tromethamine administered 47 hr post injury. RESULTS NSAID administration inhibited several important muscle regeneration processes and down-regulated multiple cytoprotective proteins known to inhibit the intrinsic pathway of programmed cell death. These activities were associated with increased caspase activity in injured muscles but were independent of any NSAID effect on macrophage influx or phenotype switching. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new molecular evidence supporting the notion that NSAIDs have a direct negative influence on muscle repair after acute strain injury in mice and thus add to renewed concern about the safety and benefits of NSAIDS in both children and adults, in those with progressive loss of muscle mass such as the elderly or patients with cancer or AIDS, and those at risk of secondary infection after trauma or surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Bryant
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Boise, ID, United States of America
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Aldape
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Boise, ID, United States of America
- Northwest Nazarene University, Nampa, ID, United States of America
| | - Clifford R. Bayer
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Boise, ID, United States of America
| | - Eva J. Katahira
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Boise, ID, United States of America
| | - Laura Bond
- Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States of America
| | - Carrie D. Nicora
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Thomas L. Fillmore
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Thomas O. Metz
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Dennis L. Stevens
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Boise, ID, United States of America
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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50
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Dideriksen K, Boesen AP, Reitelseder S, Couppé C, Svensson R, Schjerling P, Magnusson SP, Holm L, Kjaer M. Tendon collagen synthesis declines with immobilization in elderly humans: no effect of anti-inflammatory medication. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 122:273-282. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00809.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used as pain killers during periods of unloading caused by traumatic occurrences or diseases. However, it is unknown how tendon protein turnover and mechanical properties respond to unloading and subsequent reloading in elderly humans, and whether NSAID treatment would affect the tendon adaptations during such periods. Thus we studied human patellar tendon protein synthesis and mechanical properties during immobilization and subsequent rehabilitating resistance training and the influence of NSAIDs upon these parameters. Nineteen men (range 60–80 yr) were randomly assigned to NSAIDs (ibuprofen 1,200 mg/day; Ibu) or placebo (Plc). One lower limb was immobilized in a cast for 2 wk and retrained for 6 wk. Tendon collagen protein synthesis, mechanical properties, size, expression of genes related to collagen turnover and remodeling, and signal intensity (from magnetic resonance imaging) were investigated. Tendon collagen synthesis decreased ( P < 0.001), whereas tendon mechanical properties and size were generally unchanged with immobilization, and NSAIDs did not influence this. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 mRNA tended to increase ( P < 0.1) after immobilization in both groups, whereas scleraxis mRNA decreased with inactivity in the Plc group only ( P < 0.05). In elderly human tendons, collagen protein synthesis decreased after 2 wk of immobilization, whereas tendon stiffness and modulus were only marginally reduced, and NSAIDs had no influence upon this. This indicates an importance of mechanical loading for maintenance of tendon collagen turnover. However, reduced collagen production induced by short-term unloading may only marginally affect tendon mechanical properties in elderly individuals.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In elderly humans, 2 wk of inactivity reduces tendon collagen protein synthesis, while tendon stiffness and modulus are only marginally reduced, and NSAID treatment does not affect this. This indicates that mechanical loading is important for maintenance of tendon collagen turnover and that changes in collagen turnover induced by short-term immobilization may only have minor impact on the internal structures that are essential for mechanical properties in elderly tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Dideriksen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders P. Boesen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Reitelseder
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Christian Couppé
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physical Therapy, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark
| | - Rene Svensson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S. Peter Magnusson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physical Therapy, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark
| | - Lars Holm
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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