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Avilkina V, Leterme D, Falgayrac G, Delattre J, Miellot F, Gauthier V, Chauveau C, Ghali Mhenni O. Severity Level and Duration of Energy Deficit in Mice Affect Bone Phenotype and Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Differentiation Capacity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:880503. [PMID: 35733777 PMCID: PMC9207532 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.880503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa is known to induce changes in bone parameters and an increase in bone marrow adiposity (BMA) that depend on the duration and seriousness of the disease. Previous studies have found that bone loss is associated with BMA accumulation. Sirtuin of type 1 (Sirt1), a histone deacetylase that is partly regulated by energy balance, was shown to have pro-osteoblastogenic and anti-adipogenic effects. To study the effects of the severity and duration of energy deficits related to bone loss, a mouse model of separation-based anorexia (SBA) was established. We recently demonstrated that moderate body weight loss (18%) 8-week SBA protocol in mice resulted in an increase in BMA, bone loss, and a significant reduction in Sirt1 expression in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) extracted from SBA mice. We hypothesised that Sirt1 deficit in BMSCs is associated with bone and BMA alterations and could potentially depend on the severity of weight loss and the length of SBA protocol. We studied bone parameters, BMA, BMSC differentiation capacity, and Sirt1 expression after induction of 4 different levels of body weight loss (0%,12%,18%,24%), after 4 or 10 weeks of the SBA protocol. Our results demonstrated that 10 week SBA protocols associated with body weight loss (12%, 18%, 24%) induced a significant decrease in bone parameters without any increase in BMA. BMSCs extracted from 12% and 18% SBA groups showed a significant decrease in Sirt1 mRNA levels before and after co-differentiation. For these two groups, decrease in Sirt1 was associated with a significant increase in the mRNA level of adipogenic markers and a reduction of osteoblastogenesis. Inducing an 18% body weight loss, we tested a short SBA protocol (4-week). We demonstrated that a 4-week SBA protocol caused a significant decrease in Tb.Th only, without change in other bone parameters, BMA, Sirt1 expression, or differentiation capacity of BMSCs. In conclusion, this study showed, for the first time, that the duration and severity of energy deficits are critical for changes in bone parameters, BMSC differentiation, and Sirt1 expression. Furthermore, we showed that in this context, Sirt1 expression could impact BMSC differentiation with further effects on bone phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damien Leterme
- MAB Lab ULR4490, Univ Littoral Côte d'Opale, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | | | | | - Flore Miellot
- MAB Lab ULR4490, Univ Littoral Côte d'Opale, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | | | | | - Olfa Ghali Mhenni
- MAB Lab ULR4490, Univ Littoral Côte d'Opale, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
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Tencerova M, Ferencakova M, Kassem M. Bone marrow adipose tissue: Role in bone remodeling and energy metabolism. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 35:101545. [PMID: 33966979 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) has been considered for several decades as a silent bystander that fills empty space left in bone marrow following age-related decrease in hematopoiesis. However, recently new discoveries revealed BMAT as a secretory and metabolically active organ contributing to bone and whole-body energy metabolism. BMAT exhibits metabolic functions distinct from extramedullary adipose depots, relevant to its role in regulation of energy metabolism and its contribution to fracture risk observed in metabolic bone diseases. This review discusses novel insights of BMAT with particular emphasis on its contribution to the regulation of bone homeostasis. We also discuss the role of BMAT in regulation of fuel utilization and energy use that affect skeletal stem cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Tencerova
- Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michaela Ferencakova
- Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bellinger DL, Wood C, Wergedal JE, Lorton D. Driving β 2- While Suppressing α-Adrenergic Receptor Activity Suppresses Joint Pathology in Inflammatory Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:628065. [PMID: 34220796 PMCID: PMC8249812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.628065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Hypersympathetic activity is prominent in rheumatoid arthritis, and major life stressors precede onset in ~80% of patients. These findings and others support a link between stress, the sympathetic nervous system and disease onset and progression. Here, we extend previous research by evaluating how selective peripherally acting α/β2-adrenergic drugs affect joint destruction in adjuvant-induced arthritis. Methods Complete Freund's adjuvant induced inflammatory arthritis in male Lewis rats. Controls received no treatment. Arthritic rats then received vehicle or twice-daily treatment with the α-adrenergic antagonist, phentolamine (0.5 mg/day) and the β2-adrenergic agonist, terbutaline (1200 µg/day, collectively named SH1293) from day (D) of disease onset (D12) through acute (D21) and severe disease (D28). Disease progression was assessed in the hind limbs using dorsoplantar widths, X-ray analysis, micro-computed tomography, and routine histology on D14, D21, and D28 post-immunization. Results On D21, SH1293 significantly attenuated arthritis in the hind limbs, based on reduced lymphocytic infiltration, preservation of cartilage, and bone volume. Pannus formation and sympathetic nerve loss were not affected by SH1293. Bone area and osteoclast number revealed high- and low-treatment-responding groups. In high-responding rats, treatment with SH1293 significantly preserved bone area and decreased osteoclast number, data that correlated with drug-mediated joint preservation. SH1293 suppressed abnormal bone formation based on reduced production of osteophytes. On D28, the arthritic sparing effects of SH1293 on lymphocytic infiltration, cartilage and bone sparing were maintained at the expense of bone marrow adipocity. However, sympathetic nerves were retracted from the talocrural joint. Conclusion and Significance Our findings support a significant delay in early arthritis progression by treatment with SH1293. Targeting sympathetic neurotransmission may provide a strategy to slow disease progression.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Drug Combinations
- Freund's Adjuvant
- Joints/diagnostic imaging
- Joints/drug effects
- Joints/metabolism
- Joints/pathology
- Male
- Phentolamine/pharmacology
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Terbutaline/pharmacology
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise L. Bellinger
- Department of Human Anatomy and Pathology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Carlo Wood
- Department of Human Anatomy and Pathology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Jon E. Wergedal
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Dianne Lorton
- Hoover Arthritis Research Center, Banner Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, United States
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Louvet L, Leterme D, Delplace S, Miellot F, Marchandise P, Gauthier V, Hardouin P, Chauveau C, Ghali Mhenni O. Sirtuin 1 deficiency decreases bone mass and increases bone marrow adiposity in a mouse model of chronic energy deficiency. Bone 2020; 136:115361. [PMID: 32289519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin of type 1 (Sirt1), a class III HDAC, is known to be involved in the regulation of differentiation of skeletal stem cells (SSCs) into osteoblasts and adipocytes. In caloric restriction, it has been shown that the expression and activity of Sirt1 is a tissue-dependent regulation. However, at present, no study has focused on the link between Sirt1, bone marrow adiposity (BMA) and osteoporosis related to anorexia nervosa (AN). Thus, the aims of this work were to (i) determine BMA and bone changes in a mouse model replicating the phenotypes of AN (separation-based anorexia model (SBA)); (ii) determine the expression of Sirt1 in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) extracted from these mice and identify their differentiation capacities; (iii) study the effects of pharmacological activation and inhibition of Sirt1 on the osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis of these cells and (iiii) delineate the molecular mechanism by which Sirt1 could regulate osteogenesis in an SBA model. Our results demonstrated that SBA protocol induces an increase in BMA and alteration of bone architecture. In addition, BMSCs from restricted mice present a down-regulation of Sirt1 which is accompanied by an increase in adipogenesis at expense of osteogenesis. After a 10-day organotypic culture, tibias from SBA mice displayed low levels of Sirt1 mRNA which are restored by resveratrol treatment. Interestingly, this recovery of Sirt1 levels also returned the BMA, BV/TV and Tb.Th in cultured tibias from SBA mice to normal levels. In contrast of down-regulation of Sirt1 expression induced by sirtinol treatment, stimulation of Sirt1 expression by resveratrol lead to a decrease in adipogenesis and increase in osteogenesis. Finally, to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which Sirt1 could regulate osteogenesis in the SBA model, the acetylation levels of Runx2 and Foxo1 transcription factors were determined. Our data show that this chronic energy deficiency in female mice causes a decrease in BMSC activity, resulting in critical changes to Runx2 and Foxo1 acetylation levels and thus to their activity. Altogether, these data suggest that Sirt1 could be considered as a potential therapeutic target in osteoporosis related to AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Louvet
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab (MABLab, ex-PMOI) ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille F-59000 Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Damien Leterme
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab (MABLab, ex-PMOI) ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille F-59000 Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Séverine Delplace
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab (MABLab, ex-PMOI) ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille F-59000 Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Flore Miellot
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab (MABLab, ex-PMOI) ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille F-59000 Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pierre Marchandise
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab (MABLab, ex-PMOI) ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille F-59000 Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Véronique Gauthier
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab (MABLab, ex-PMOI) ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille F-59000 Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pierre Hardouin
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab (MABLab, ex-PMOI) ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille F-59000 Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Chauveau
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab (MABLab, ex-PMOI) ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille F-59000 Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Olfa Ghali Mhenni
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab (MABLab, ex-PMOI) ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille F-59000 Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Turner RT, Philbrick KA, Wong CP, Gamboa AR, Branscum AJ, Iwaniec UT. Effects of Propranolol on Bone, White Adipose Tissue, and Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue in Mice Housed at Room Temperature or Thermoneutral Temperature. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:117. [PMID: 32256446 PMCID: PMC7089918 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing female mice housed at room temperature (22°C) weigh the same but differ in body composition compared to mice housed at thermoneutrality (32°C). Specifically, mice housed at room temperature have lower levels of white adipose tissue (WAT). Additionally, bone marrow adipose tissue (bMAT) and cancellous bone volume fraction in distal femur metaphysis are lower in room temperature-housed mice. The metabolic changes induced by sub-thermoneutral housing are associated with lower leptin levels in serum and higher levels of Ucp1 gene expression in brown adipose tissue. Although the precise mechanisms mediating adaptation to sub-thermoneutral temperature stress remain to be elucidated, there is evidence that increased sympathetic nervous system activity acting via β-adrenergic receptors plays an important role. We therefore evaluated the effect of the non-specific β-blocker propranolol (primarily β1 and β2 antagonist) on body composition, femur microarchitecture, and bMAT in growing female C57BL/6 mice housed at either room temperature or thermoneutral temperature. As anticipated, cancellous bone volume fraction, WAT and bMAT were lower in mice housed at room temperature. Propranolol had small but significant effects on bone microarchitecture (increased trabecular number and decreased trabecular spacing), but did not attenuate premature bone loss induced by room temperature housing. In contrast, propranolol treatment prevented housing temperature-associated differences in WAT and bMAT. To gain additional insight, we evaluated a panel of genes in tibia, using an adipogenesis PCR array. Housing temperature and treatment with propranolol had exclusive as well as shared effects on gene expression. Of particular interest was the finding that room temperature housing reduced, whereas propranolol increased, expression of the gene for acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Acacb), the rate-limiting step for fatty acid synthesis and a key regulator of β-oxidation. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that increased activation of β1 and/or β2 receptors contributes to reduced bMAT by regulating adipocyte metabolism, but that this pathway is unlikely to be responsible for premature cancellous bone loss in room temperature-housed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell T. Turner
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Philbrick
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Carmen P. Wong
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Amanda R. Gamboa
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Adam J. Branscum
- Biostatistics Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Urszula T. Iwaniec
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- *Correspondence: Urszula T. Iwaniec
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Sharma AK, Shi X, Isales CM, McGee-Lawrence ME. Endogenous Glucocorticoid Signaling in the Regulation of Bone and Marrow Adiposity: Lessons from Metabolism and Cross Talk in Other Tissues. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2019; 17:438-445. [PMID: 31749087 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-019-00554-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The development of adiposity in the bone marrow, known as marrow adipose tissue (MAT), is often associated with musculoskeletal frailty. Glucocorticoids, which are a key component of the biological response to stress, affect both bone and MAT. These molecules signal through receptors such as the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), but the role of the GR in regulation of MAT is not yet clear from previous studies. The purpose of this review is to establish and determine the role of GR-mediated signaling in marrow adiposity by comparing and contrasting what is known against other energy-storing tissues like adipose tissue, liver, and muscle, to provide better insight into the regulation of MAT during times of metabolic stress (e.g., dietary challenges, aging). RECENT FINDINGS GR-mediated glucocorticoid signaling is critical for proper storage and utilization of lipids in cells such as adipocytes and hepatocytes and proteolysis in muscle, impacting whole-body composition, energy utilization, and homeostasis through a complex network of tissue cross talk between these systems. Loss of GR signaling in bone promotes increased MAT and decreased bone mass. GR-mediated signaling in the liver, adipose tissue, and muscle is critical for whole-body energy and metabolic homeostasis, and both similarities and differences in GR-mediated GC signaling in MAT as compared with these tissues are readily apparent. It is clear that GC-induced pathways work together through these tissues to affect systemic biology, and understanding the role of bone in these patterns of tissue cross talk may lead to a better understanding of MAT-bone biology that improves treatment strategies for frailty-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj K Sharma
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., CB1101, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xingming Shi
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., CB1101, Augusta, GA, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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7
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The age-related accumulation of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) negatively impacts bone metabolism and hematopoiesis. This review provides an overview about BMAT-secreted factors as biomarkers for BMAT accumulation and osteoporosis risk. RECENT FINDINGS The adipokines leptin and adiponectin are regulators of BMAT. It remains to be clarified if locally produced adipokines substantially contribute to their peripheral serum levels and if they influence bone metabolism beyond that of extraosseous adipokine production. Existing data also suggests that BMAT disturbs bone metabolism primarily through palmitate-mediated toxic effects on osteoblasts and osteocytes, including dysregulated autophagy and apoptosis. BMAT-secreted factors are important modulators of bone metabolism. However, the majority of our understanding about MAT-secreted factors and their paracrine and endocrine effects is derived from in vitro studies and animal experiments. Therefore, more research is needed before BMAT-secreted biomarkers can be applied in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15/1, 8036, Graz, Austria.
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8
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Pierce JL, Ding KH, Xu J, Sharma AK, Yu K, Del Mazo Arbona N, Rodriguez-Santos Z, Bernard P, Bollag WB, Johnson MH, Hamrick MW, Begun DL, Shi XM, Isales CM, McGee-Lawrence ME. The glucocorticoid receptor in osteoprogenitors regulates bone mass and marrow fat. J Endocrinol 2019; 243:JOE-19-0230.R1. [PMID: 31370004 PMCID: PMC6938567 DOI: 10.1530/joe-19-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Excess fat within bone marrow is associated with lower bone density. Metabolic stressors such as chronic caloric restriction (CR) can exacerbate marrow adiposity, and increased glucocorticoid signaling and adrenergic signaling are implicated in this phenotype. The current study tested the role of glucocorticoid signaling in CR-induced stress by conditionally deleting the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in bone marrow osteoprogenitors (Osx1-Cre) of mice subjected to CR and ad libitum diets. Conditional knockout of the GR (GR-CKO) reduced cortical and trabecular bone mass as compared to wildtype (WT) mice under both ad libitum and CR conditions. No interaction was detected between genotype and diet, suggesting that the GR is not required for CR-induced skeletal changes. The lower bone mass in GR-CKO mice, and the further suppression of bone by CR, resulted from suppressed bone formation. Interestingly, treatment with the -adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol mildly but selectively improved metrics of cortical bone mass in GR-CKO mice during CR, suggesting interaction between adrenergic and glucocorticoid signaling pathways that affects cortical bone. GR-CKO mice dramatically increased marrow fat under both ad libitum and CR-fed conditions, and surprisingly propranolol treatment was unable to rescue CR-induced marrow fat in either WT or GR-CKO mice. Additionally, serum corticosterone levels were selectively elevated in GR-CKO mice with CR, suggesting the possibility of bone-hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal crosstalk during metabolic stress. This work highlights the complexities of glucocorticoid and β-adrenergic signaling in stress-induced changes in bone mass, and the importance of GR function in suppressing marrow adipogenesis while maintaining healthy bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Pierce
- J Pierce, Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, United States
| | - Ke-Hong Ding
- K Ding, Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, United States
| | - Jianrui Xu
- J Xu, Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, United States
| | - Anuj K Sharma
- A Sharma, Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, United States
| | - Kanglun Yu
- K Yu, Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, United States
| | | | | | - Paul Bernard
- P Bernard, Pediatric Endocrine Specialists of Georgia, Pediatric Endocrine Specialists of Georgia, Duluth, United States
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- W Bollag, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Maribeth H Johnson
- M Johnson, Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, United States
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- M Hamrick, Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, United States
| | - Dana L Begun
- D Begun, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Xing M Shi
- X Ming Shi, Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, United States
| | - Carlos M Isales
- C Isales, Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, 30912, United States
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Baek K, Kang J, Lee J, Kim M, Baek JH. The Time Point-Specific Effect of Beta-Adrenergic Blockade in Attenuating High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Bone Loss. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 103:217-226. [PMID: 29460182 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to clarify the key factor determining the effect of beta blocker attenuating high fat diet- induced obesity and bone loss. Six-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were assigned to groups reflecting different relative onset of obesity and beta blocker administration, different diet (control vs. high fat), and treatment (vehicle vs. beta blocker: propranolol). Mice in Group 1 were fed a control diet (CON) or high fat diet (HIGH) with vehicle or propranolol for 12 weeks. Mice in Group 2 were fed a CON or HIGH without pharmaceutical treatment for the first 12 weeks, followed by another 12 weeks of treatment with vehicle or propranolol. Mice in Group 3 were fed a CON without pharmaceutical treatment for the first 12 weeks, followed by stratification into diet-based subgroups and another 12 weeks of treatment with vehicle or propranolol. Propranolol attenuated the HIGH-induced increase in body weight/fat mass in Group 1 mice and in Group 3 mice, but not in Group 2 mice. Propranolol mitigated HIGH-induced reduction in femoral trabecular bone mineral density and bone architecture deterioration in Group 1 mice but not in Group 2 mice. HIGH feeding in Group 3 did not compromise skeletal integrity. Taken together, propranolol attenuates HIGH-induced body weight increases while weight gain is in progress but not once obesity has already been established. HIGH feeding during the growth period results in compromised bone mass/architecture; which can be attenuated by propranolol administration during the growth period, but not by propranolol administration after obesity has already been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghwa Baek
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwondo, 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Kang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinu Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwondo, 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Baek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-749, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Marrow adipocytes, collectively termed marrow adipose tissue (MAT), reside in the bone marrow in close contact to bone cells and haematopoietic cells. Marrow adipocytes arise from the mesenchymal stem cell and share their origin with the osteoblast. Shifts in the lineage allocation of the mesenchymal stromal cell could potentially explain the association between increased MAT and increased fracture risk in diseases such as postmenopausal osteoporosis, anorexia nervosa and diabetes. Functionally, marrow adipocytes secrete adipokines, such as adiponectin, and cytokines, such as RANK ligand and stem cell factor. These mediators can influence both bone remodelling and haematopoiesis by promoting bone resorption and haematopoietic recovery following chemotherapy. In addition, marrow adipocytes can secrete free fatty acids, acting as a energy supply for bone and haematopoietic cells. However, this induced lipolysis is also used by neoplastic cells to promote survival and proliferation. Therefore, MAT could represent a new therapeutic target for multiple diseases from osteoporosis to leukaemia, although the exact characteristics and role of the marrow adipocyte in health and diseases remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Veldhuis-Vlug
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - C J Rosen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
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Ghali O, Al Rassy N, Hardouin P, Chauveau C. Increased Bone Marrow Adiposity in a Context of Energy Deficit: The Tip of the Iceberg? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:125. [PMID: 27695438 PMCID: PMC5025430 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated bone marrow adiposity (BMA) is defined as an increase in the proportion of the bone marrow (BM) cavity volume occupied by adipocytes. This can be caused by an increase in the size and/or number of adipocytes. BMA increases with age in a bone-site-specific manner. This increase may be linked to certain pathophysiological situations. Osteoporosis or compromised bone quality is frequently associated with high BMA. The involvement of BM adipocytes in bone loss may be due to commitment of mesenchymal stem cells to the adipogenic pathway rather than the osteogenic pathway. However, adipocytes may also act on their microenvironment by secreting factors with harmful effects for the bone health. Here, we review evidence that in a context of energy deficit (such as anorexia nervosa (AN) and restriction rodent models) bone alterations can occur in the absence of an increase in BMA. In severe cases, bone alterations are even associated with gelatinous BM transformation. The relationship between BMA and energy deficit and the potential regulators of this adiposity in this context are also discussed. On the basis of clinical studies and preliminary results on animal model, we propose that competition between differentiation into osteoblasts and differentiation into adipocytes might trigger bone loss at least in moderate-to-severe AN and in some calorie restriction models. Finally, some of the main questions resulting from this hypothesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Ghali
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, Université de Lille, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Nathalie Al Rassy
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, Université de Lille, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Pierre Hardouin
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, Université de Lille, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Christophe Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, Université de Lille, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- *Correspondence: Christophe Chauveau,
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Baek K, Hwang HR, Park HJ, Kwon A, Qadir AS, Baek JH. Propranolol, a β-adrenergic antagonist, attenuates the decrease in trabecular bone mass in high calorie diet fed growing mice. BMB Rep 2015; 47:506-11. [PMID: 24393528 PMCID: PMC4206726 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2014.47.9.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of high calorie and low calorie diets on skeletal integrity, and whether β-adrenergic blockade (BB) attenuates bone loss induced by dietary calorie alteration. Male 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice were assigned to either an ad-lib fed control diet (CON), a high calorie diet (HIGH), or a low calorie diet (LOW) group. In each diet group, mice were treated with either vehicle (VEH) or propranolol, a β-adrenergic antagonist. Over 12-weeks, β-blockade mitigated body weight and fat mass increases induced by the high calorie diet. Femoral trabecular bone mineral density and the expression levels of osteogenic marker genes in bone marrow cells were reduced in HIGHVEH and LOWVEH mice, and BB significantly attenuated this decline only in HIGH mice. In summary, the magnitude of bone loss induced by low calorie diet was greater than that caused by high calorie diet in growing mice, and β-blockade mitigated high calorie diet-induced bone loss. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(9): 506-511]
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghwa Baek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749; Department of Pharmacology and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Wonju 210-702, Korea
| | - Hyo Rin Hwang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
| | - Arang Kwon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
| | - Abdul S Qadir
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Baek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
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Cordes C, Dieckmeyer M, Ott B, Shen J, Ruschke S, Settles M, Eichhorn C, Bauer JS, Kooijman H, Rummeny EJ, Skurk T, Baum T, Hauner H, Karampinos DC. MR-detected changes in liver fat, abdominal fat, and vertebral bone marrow fat after a four-week calorie restriction in obese women. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 42:1272-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Cordes
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Michael Dieckmeyer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Beate Ott
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine; Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Stefan Ruschke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Marcus Settles
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Claudia Eichhorn
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine; Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Jan S. Bauer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
- Section of Neuroradiology; Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | | | - Ernst J. Rummeny
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Thomas Skurk
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine; Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
- ZIEL Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences; Technische Universität München; Germany
| | - Thomas Baum
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine; Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
- ZIEL Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences; Technische Universität München; Germany
| | - Dimitrios C. Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
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Abstract
Obesity and osteoporosis are two of the most common chronic disorders of the 21st century. Both are accompanied by significant morbidity. The only place in the mammalian organism where bone and fat lie adjacent to each other is in the bone marrow. Marrow adipose tissue is a dynamic depot that probably exists as both constitutive and regulated compartments. Adipocytes secrete cytokines and adipokines that either stimulate or inhibit adjacent osteoblasts. The relationship of marrow adipose tissue to other fat depots is complex and might play very distinct parts in modulation of metabolic homoeostasis, haemopoiesis, and osteogenesis. Understanding of the relationship between bone and fat cells that arise from the same progenitor within the bone marrow niche provides insight into the pathophysiology of age-related osteoporosis, diabetes, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
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Abstract
With the childhood prevalence of obesity and asthma increasing, it is important for pediatric professionals to appreciate that obesity modifies the diagnosis and management of asthma. These disease modifications present challenges to clinical management, including decreased responsiveness to controller therapy and decreased quality of life compared with normal-weight asthmatic children. While consensus guidelines do not currently suggest specific changes in asthma management for obese patients, management of some patients may be improved with consideration of the latest evidence. This article briefly summarizes what is known regarding the complex relationship between obesity and asthma in children, and discusses practical issues associated with the diagnosis and effective clinical management of asthma in obese children. On average, obese patients with asthma do not respond as well to inhaled corticosteroid therapy. Management approaches including weight loss and routine exercise are safe, and may improve important asthma outcomes. Asthma providers should learn to facilitate weight loss for their obese patients. In addition, pharmacologic interventions for weight loss in obese asthma, though not currently recommended, may soon be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E. Lang
- Center for Pharmacogenomics & Translational Research, Nemours Children’s Hospital, 13535 Nemours Parkway, Orlando, FL 32827, , Phone: 407-567-7535 Fax: 407-650-7663
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Baek K, Hwang HR, Park HJ, Kwon A, Qadir AS, Ko SH, Woo KM, Ryoo HM, Kim GS, Baek JH. TNF-α upregulates sclerostin expression in obese mice fed a high-fat diet. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:640-50. [PMID: 24446199 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sclerostin decreases bone mass by antagonizing the Wnt signaling pathway. We examined whether obesity-induced bone loss is associated with the expression of sclerostin. Five-week-old male mice were assigned to one of two groups (n = 10 each) and fed either a control diet (10% kcal from fat; CON) or a high-fat diet (60% kcal from fat; HF) for 12 weeks. Thex final body weight and whole body fat mass of the HF mice were higher than those of the CON mice. The distal femur cancellous bone mineral density and bone formation rate was lower in HF mice than in CON mice. The percent erosion surface was higher in the HF mice than the CON mice. The serum levels and femoral osteocytic protein expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were significantly higher in HF mice than in CON mice. Sclerostin mRNA levels and osteocytic sclerostin protein levels in femoral cortex were also higher in HF mice than in CON mice. Sclerostin expression in MLO-Y4 osteocytes increased with TNF-α treatment, and TNF-α-induced sclerostin expression was blocked by the inhibition of NF-κB activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and a luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that NF-κB directly binds to the NF-κB binding elements on the mouse sost promoter and stimulates sclerostin expression. These results support a model in which, in the context of obesity or other inflammatory diseases that increase the production of TNF-α, TNF-α upregulates the expression of sclerostin through NF-κB signaling pathway, thus contributing to bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghwa Baek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwondo, Korea
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