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Galvan-Alvarez V, Martin-Rincon M, Gallego-Selles A, Martínez Canton M, HamedChaman N, Gelabert-Rebato M, Perez-Valera M, García-Gonzalez E, Santana A, Holmberg HC, Boushel R, Hallén J, Calbet JAL. Determinants of the maximal functional reserve during repeated supramaximal exercise by humans: The roles of Nrf2/Keap1, antioxidant proteins, muscle phenotype and oxygenation. Redox Biol 2023; 66:102859. [PMID: 37666117 PMCID: PMC10491831 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
When high-intensity exercise is performed until exhaustion a "functional reserve" (FR) or capacity to produce power at the same level or higher than reached at exhaustion exists at task failure, which could be related to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS)-sensing and counteracting mechanisms. Nonetheless, the magnitude of this FR remains unknown. Repeated bouts of supramaximal exercise at 120% of VO2max interspaced with 20s recovery periods with full ischaemia were used to determine the maximal FR. Then, we determined which muscle phenotypic features could account for the variability in functional reserve in humans. Exercise performance, cardiorespiratory variables, oxygen deficit, and brain and muscle oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy) were measured, and resting muscle biopsies were obtained from 43 young healthy adults (30 males). Males and females had similar aerobic (VO2max per kg of lower extremities lean mass (LLM): 166.7 ± 17.1 and 166.1 ± 15.6 ml kg LLM-1.min-1, P = 0.84) and anaerobic fitness (similar performance in the Wingate test and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit when normalized to LLM). The maximal FR was similar in males and females when normalized to LLM (1.84 ± 0.50 and 2.05 ± 0.59 kJ kg LLM-1, in males and females, respectively, P = 0.218). This FR depends on an obligatory component relying on a reserve in glycolytic capacity and a putative component generated by oxidative phosphorylation. The aerobic component depends on brain oxygenation and phenotypic features of the skeletal muscles implicated in calcium handling (SERCA1 and 2 protein expression), oxygen transport and diffusion (myoglobin) and redox regulation (Keap1). The glycolytic component can be predicted by the protein expression levels of pSer40-Nrf2, the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit and the protein expression levels of SOD1. Thus, an increased capacity to modulate the expression of antioxidant proteins involved in RONS handling and calcium homeostasis may be critical for performance during high-intensity exercise in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Galvan-Alvarez
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Marcos Martin-Rincon
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Angel Gallego-Selles
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Miriam Martínez Canton
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - NaDer HamedChaman
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Miriam Gelabert-Rebato
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Mario Perez-Valera
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Gonzalez
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Alfredo Santana
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Clinical Genetics Unit, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden; School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert Boushel
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jostein Hallén
- Department of Physical Performance, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Postboks, 4014 Ulleval Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jose A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Physical Performance, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Postboks, 4014 Ulleval Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
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MacDougall KB, Falconer TM, MacIntosh BR. Efficiency of cycling exercise: Quantification, mechanisms, and misunderstandings. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:951-970. [PMID: 35253274 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The energetics of cycling represents a well-studied area of exercise science, yet there are still many questions that remain. Efficiency, broadly defined as the ratio of energy output to energy input, is one key metric that, despite its importance from both a scientific as well as performance perspective, is commonly misunderstood. There are many factors that may affect cycling efficiency, both intrinsic (e.g., muscle fiber type composition) and extrinsic (e.g., cycling cadence, prior exercise, and training), creating a complex interplay of many components. Due to its relative simplicity, the measurement of oxygen uptake continues to be the most common means of measuring the energy cost of exercise (and thus efficiency); however, it is limited to only a small proportion of the range of outputs humans are capable of, further limiting our understanding of the energetics of high-intensity exercise and any mechanistic bases therein. This review presents evidence that delta efficiency does not represent muscular efficiency and challenges the notion that the slow component of oxygen uptake represents decreasing efficiency. It is noted that gross efficiency increases as intensity of exercise increases in spite of the fact that fast-twitch fibers are recruited to achieve this high power output. Understanding the energetics of high-intensity exercise will require critical evaluation of the available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keenan B MacDougall
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tara M Falconer
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brian R MacIntosh
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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van der Horst J, Møller S, Kjeldsen SAS, Wojtaszewski JFP, Hellsten Y, Jepps TA. Functional sympatholysis in mouse skeletal muscle involves sarcoplasmic reticulum swelling in arterial smooth muscle cells. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15133. [PMID: 34851043 PMCID: PMC8634630 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The vasoconstrictive effect of sympathetic activity is attenuated in contracting skeletal muscle (functional sympatholysis), allowing increased blood supply to the working muscle but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. The purpose of this study was to examine α-adrenergic receptor responsiveness in isolated artery segments from non-exercised and exercised mice, using wire myography. Isometric tension recordings performed on femoral artery segments from exercised mice showed decreased α-adrenergic receptor responsiveness compared to non-exercised mice (logEC50 -5.2 ± 0.04 M vs. -5.7 ± 0.08 M, respectively). In contrast, mesenteric artery segments from exercised mice displayed similar α-adrenergic receptor responses compared to non-exercised mice. Responses to the vasoconstrictor serotonin (5-HT) and vasodilator isoprenaline, were similar in femoral artery segments from non-exercised and exercised mice. To study sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function, we examined arterial contractions induced by caffeine, which depletes SR Ca2+ and thapsigargin, which inhibits SR Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) and SR Ca2+ uptake. Arterial contractions to both caffeine and thapsigargin were increased in femoral artery segment from exercised compared to non-exercised mice. Furthermore, 3D electron microscopy imaging of the arterial wall showed SR volume/length ratio increased 157% in smooth muscle cells of the femoral artery from the exercised mice, whereas there was no difference in SR volume/length ratio in mesenteric artery segments. These results show that in arteries surrounding exercising muscle, the α-adrenergic receptor constrictions are blunted, which can be attributed to swollen smooth muscle cell SR's, likely due to increased Ca2+ content that is possibly reducing free intracellular Ca2+ available for contraction. Overall, this study uncovers a previously unknown mechanism underlying functional sympatholysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer van der Horst
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsThe August Krogh Section for Human PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Sophie Møller
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsThe August Krogh Section for Human PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Jørgen F. P. Wojtaszewski
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsThe August Krogh Section for Molecular PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsThe August Krogh Section for Human PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Thomas A. Jepps
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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Tøien T, Haglo H, Nyberg SK, Rao SV, Stunes AK, Mosti MP, Wang E. Maximal strength training-induced increase in efferent neural drive is not reflected in relative protein expression of SERCA. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:3421-3430. [PMID: 34498135 PMCID: PMC8571128 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04807-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maximal strength training (MST), performed with heavy loads (~ 90% of one repetition maximum; 1RM) and few repetitions, yields large improvements in efferent neural drive, skeletal muscle force production, and skeletal muscle efficiency. However, it is elusive whether neural adaptations following such high intensity strength training may be accompanied by alterations in energy-demanding muscular factors. METHODS Sixteen healthy young males (24 ± 4 years) were randomized to MST 3 times per week for 8 weeks (n = 8), or a control group (CG; n = 8). Measurements included 1RM and rate of force development (RFD), and evoked potentials recordings (V-wave and H-reflex normalized to M-wave (M) in the soleus muscle) applied to assess efferent neural drive to maximally contracting skeletal muscle. Biopsies were obtained from vastus lateralis and analyzed by western blots and real-time PCR to investigate the relative protein expression and mRNA expression of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) 1 and SERCA2. RESULTS Significant improvements in 1RM (17 ± 9%; p < 0.001) and early (0-100 ms), late (0-200 ms) and maximal RFD (31-53%; p < 0.01) were observed after MST, accompanied by increased maximal Vmax/Msup-ratio (9 ± 14%; p = 0.046), with no change in H-reflex to M-wave ratio. No changes were observed in the CG. No pre- to post-training differences were found in mRNA or protein expressions of SERCA1 and SERCA2 in either group. CONCLUSION MST increased efferent neural drive to maximally contracting skeletal muscle, causing improved force production. No change was observed in SERCA expression, indicating that responses to high intensity strength training may predominantly be governed by neural adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiril Tøien
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Britvegen 2, 6410, Molde, Norway.
| | - Håvard Haglo
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Britvegen 2, 6410, Molde, Norway.,Myworkout, Medical Rehabilitation Clinic, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stian Kwak Nyberg
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Shalini Vasudev Rao
- Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Astrid Kamilla Stunes
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Medical Clinic, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mats Peder Mosti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Medical Clinic, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eivind Wang
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Britvegen 2, 6410, Molde, Norway.,Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Østmarka, Division of Mental Health Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Hostrup M, Cairns SP, Bangsbo J. Muscle Ionic Shifts During Exercise: Implications for Fatigue and Exercise Performance. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1895-1959. [PMID: 34190344 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exercise causes major shifts in multiple ions (e.g., K+ , Na+ , H+ , lactate- , Ca2+ , and Cl- ) during muscle activity that contributes to development of muscle fatigue. Sarcolemmal processes can be impaired by the trans-sarcolemmal rundown of ion gradients for K+ , Na+ , and Ca2+ during fatiguing exercise, while changes in gradients for Cl- and Cl- conductance may exert either protective or detrimental effects on fatigue. Myocellular H+ accumulation may also contribute to fatigue development by lowering glycolytic rate and has been shown to act synergistically with inorganic phosphate (Pi) to compromise cross-bridge function. In addition, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release function is severely affected by fatiguing exercise. Skeletal muscle has a multitude of ion transport systems that counter exercise-related ionic shifts of which the Na+ /K+ -ATPase is of major importance. Metabolic perturbations occurring during exercise can exacerbate trans-sarcolemmal ionic shifts, in particular for K+ and Cl- , respectively via metabolic regulation of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP ) and the chloride channel isoform 1 (ClC-1). Ion transport systems are highly adaptable to exercise training resulting in an enhanced ability to counter ionic disturbances to delay fatigue and improve exercise performance. In this article, we discuss (i) the ionic shifts occurring during exercise, (ii) the role of ion transport systems in skeletal muscle for ionic regulation, (iii) how ionic disturbances affect sarcolemmal processes and muscle fatigue, (iv) how metabolic perturbations exacerbate ionic shifts during exercise, and (v) how pharmacological manipulation and exercise training regulate ion transport systems to influence exercise performance in humans. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1895-1959, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Hostrup
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simeon Peter Cairns
- SPRINZ, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Aibara C, Okada N, Watanabe D, Shi J, Wada M. Effects of high-intensity interval exercise on muscle fatigue and SR function in rats: a comparison with moderate-intensity continuous exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:343-352. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00223.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) training has received attention as a more efficient training to improve endurance capacity. It is unclear, however, whether the extent of acute exercise-related muscle fatigue differs between HIIE and moderate-intensity continuous exercise, traditional endurance training. Here we provide evidence that restoration of force production takes a longer time after HIIE, which is ascribable to long-lasting depressions in Ca2+ release of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Aibara
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoki Okada
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daiki Watanabe
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jiayu Shi
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masanobu Wada
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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7
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Gejl KD, Andersson EP, Nielsen J, Holmberg HC, Ørtenblad N. Effects of Acute Exercise and Training on the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+ Release and Uptake Rates in Highly Trained Endurance Athletes. Front Physiol 2020; 11:810. [PMID: 32733285 PMCID: PMC7359889 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is presently known about the effects of acute high-intensity exercise or training on release and uptake of Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The aims here were to characterize this regulation in highly trained athletes following (1) repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise and (2) a period of endurance training including high-intensity sessions. Eleven cross-country skiers (25 ± 4 years, 65 ± 4 mL O2⋅kg−1⋅min–1) performed four self-paced sprint time-trials (STT 1-4) lasting ≈ 4 min each (STT 1–4) and separated by 45 min of recovery; while 19 triathletes and road cyclists (25 ± 4 years, 65 ± 5 mL O2⋅kg−1⋅min–1) completed 4 weeks of endurance training in combination with three sessions of high-intensity interval cycling per week. Release (μmol⋅g–1 prot⋅min–1) and uptake [tau (s)] of Ca2+ by SR vesicles isolated from m. triceps brachii and m. vastus lateralis were determined before and after STT 1 and 4 in the skiers and in m. vastus lateralis before and after the 4 weeks of training in the endurance athletes. The Ca2+ release rate was reduced by 17–18% in both limbs already after STT 1 (arms: 2.52 ± 0.74 to 2.08 ± 0.60; legs: 2.41 ± 0.45 to 1.98 ± 0.51, P < 0.0001) and attenuated further following STT 4 (arms: 2.24 ± 0.67 to 1.95 ± 0.45; legs: 2.13 ± 0.51 to 1.83 ± 0.36, P < 0.0001). Also, there was a tendency toward an impairment in the SR Ca2+ uptake from pre STT1 to post STT4 in both arms and legs (arms: from 22.0 ± 3.7 s to 25.3 ± 6.0 s; legs: from 22.5 ± 4.7 s to 25.5 ± 7.7 s, P = 0.05). Endurance training combined with high-intensity exercise increased the Ca2+ release rate by 9% (1.76 ± 0.38 to 1.91 ± 0.44, P = 0.009), without altering the Ca2+ uptake (29.6 ± 7.0 to 29.1 ± 8.7 s; P = 0.98). In conclusion, the Ca2+ release and uptake rates by SR in exercising limbs of highly trained athletes declines gradually by repetitive bouts of high-intensity exercise. We also demonstrate, for the first time, that the SR Ca2+ release rate can be enhanced by a specific program of training in highly trained athletes, which may have important implications for performance parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Degn Gejl
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Erik P Andersson
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Joachim Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum C5, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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El Khayat El Sabbouri H, Gay-Quéheillard J, Joumaa WH, Delanaud S, Guibourdenche M, Darwiche W, Djekkoun N, Bach V, Ramadan W. Does the perigestational exposure to chlorpyrifos and/or high-fat diet affect respiratory parameters and diaphragmatic muscle contractility in young rats? Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 140:111322. [PMID: 32289335 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The perinatal period is characterized by developmental stages with high sensitivity to environmental factors. Among the risk factors, maternal High-Fat Diet (HFD) consumption and early-life pesticide exposure can induce metabolic disorders at adulthood. We established the effects of perigestational exposure to Chlorpyrifos (CPF) and/or HFD on respiratory parameters, sleep apnea and diaphragm contractility in adult rats. Four groups of female rats were exposed starting from 4 months before gestation till the end of lactation period to CPF (1 mg/kg/day vs. vehicle) with or without HFD. Sleep apnea and respiratory parameters were measured by whole-body plethysmography in male offspring at postnatal day 60. Then diaphragm strips were dissected for the measurement of contractility, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and gene expression. The perigestational exposure to CPF and/or HFD increased the sleep apnea index but decreased the respiratory frequency. The twitch tension and the fatigability index were also increased, associated with reduced AChE activity and elevated mRNA expression of AChE, ryanodine receptor, and myosin heavy chain isoforms. Therefore, the perigestational exposure to either CPF and/or HFD could program the risks for altered ventilatory parameters and diaphragm contractility in young adult offspring despite the lack of direct contact to CPF and/or HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba El Khayat El Sabbouri
- PERITOX UMR-I-01 University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80025, Amiens, France; Laboratoire Rammal Hassan Rammal, équipe de Recherche PhyToxE, Faculté des Sciences (section V), Université Libanaise, Nabatieh, Lebanon
| | | | - Wissam H Joumaa
- Laboratoire Rammal Hassan Rammal, équipe de Recherche PhyToxE, Faculté des Sciences (section V), Université Libanaise, Nabatieh, Lebanon
| | - Stephane Delanaud
- PERITOX UMR-I-01 University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80025, Amiens, France
| | | | - Walaa Darwiche
- Hematim Laboratory, EA4666, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Narimane Djekkoun
- PERITOX UMR-I-01 University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Véronique Bach
- PERITOX UMR-I-01 University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Wiam Ramadan
- Laboratoire Rammal Hassan Rammal, équipe de Recherche PhyToxE, Faculté des Sciences (section V), Université Libanaise, Nabatieh, Lebanon; Lebanese Institute for Biomedical Research and Application (LIBRA), International University of Beirut (BIU) and Lebanese International University (LIU), Beirut, Lebanon
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9
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Wolff CA, Konopka AR, Suer MK, Trappe TA, Kaminsky LA, Harber MP. Increased cardiorespiratory fitness and skeletal muscle size following single-leg knee extension exercise training. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 59:934-940. [DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Adaptation of motor unit contractile properties in rat medial gastrocnemius to treadmill endurance training: Relationship to muscle mitochondrial biogenesis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195704. [PMID: 29672614 PMCID: PMC5908179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the effects of 2, 4 and 8 weeks of endurance training on the contractile properties of slow (S), fast fatigue resistant (FR) and fast fatigable (FF) motor units (MUs) in rat medial gastrocnemius (MG) in relation to the changes in muscle mitochondrial biogenesis. The properties of functionally isolated MUs were examined in vivo. Mitochondrial biogenesis was judged based on the changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA), the content of the electron transport chain (ETC) proteins and PGC-1α in the MG. Moreover, the markers of mitochondria remodeling mitofusins (Mfn1, Mfn2) and dynamin-like protein (Opa1) were studied using qPCR. A proportion of FR MUs increased from 37.9% to 50.8% and a proportion of FF units decreased from 44.7% to 26.6% after 8 weeks of training. The increased fatigue resistance, shortened twitch duration, and increased ability to potentiate force were found as early as after 2 weeks of endurance training, predominantly in FR MUs. Moreover, just after 2 weeks of the training an enhancement of the mitochondrial network remodeling was present as judged by an increase in expression of Mfn1, Opa1 and an increase in PGC-1α in the slow part of MG. Interestingly, no signs of intensification of mitochondrial biogenesis assessed by ETC proteins content and mtDNA in slow and fast parts of gastrocnemius were found at this stage of the training. Nevertheless, after 8 weeks of training an increase in the ETC protein content was observed, but mainly in the slow part of gastrocnemius. Concluding, the functional changes in MUs’ contractile properties leading to the enhancement of muscle performance accompanied by an activation of signalling that controls the muscle mitochondrial network reorganisation and mitochondrial biogenesis belong to an early muscle adaptive responses that precede an increase in mitochondrial ETC protein content.
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Skovgaard C, Almquist NW, Bangsbo J. Effect of increased and maintained frequency of speed endurance training on performance and muscle adaptations in runners. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 122:48-59. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00537.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was, in runners accustomed to speed endurance training (SET), to examine the effect of increased and maintained frequency of SET on performance and muscular adaptations. After familiarization (FAM) to SET, 18 male ( n = 14) and female ( n = 4) runners (V̇o2max: 57.3 ± 3.4 ml/min; means ± SD) completed 20 sessions of maintained low-frequency (LF; every fourth day; n = 7) or high-frequency (HF; every second day; n = 11) SET. Before FAM as well as before and after an intervention period (INT), subjects completed a series of running tests and a biopsy from m. vastus lateralis was collected. Ten-kilometer performance improved ( P < 0.05) ~3.5% during FAM with no further change during INT. Time to exhaustion at 90% vV̇o2max was 15 and 22% longer ( P < 0.05) during FAM and a further 12 and 16% longer ( P < 0.05) during INT in HF and LF, respectively. During FAM, muscle expression of NHE1 and maximal activity of citrate synthase (CS) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) increased ( P < 0.05), running economy (RE) improved ( P < 0.05), and V̇o2max was unchanged. During INT, both HF and LF increased ( P < 0.05) muscle expression of NKAβ1, whereas maximal activity of CS and PFK, RE, and V̇o2max were unchanged. Furthermore, during INT, muscle expression of FXYD1 and SERCA1, and FXYD1 activity increased ( P < 0.05) in HF, while muscle expression of SERCA2 decreased ( P < 0.05) in LF. Thus increased or maintained frequency of SET leads to further improvements in short-term exercise capacity, but not in 10-km running performance. The better short-term exercise capacity may be associated with elevated expression of muscle proteins related to Na+/K+ transportation and Ca2+ reuptake. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ten speed endurance training (SET) sessions improved short-term exercise capacity and 10-km performance, which was followed by further improved short-term exercise capacity, but unchanged 10-km performance after 20 SET sessions performed with either high frequency (4 per 8 days) or continued low frequency (2 per 8 days) in trained runners. The further gain in short-term exercise capacity was associated with changes in muscle expression of proteins of importance for the development of fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Skovgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrated Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
- Team Danmark (Danish Elite Sports Organization), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicki Winfield Almquist
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrated Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrated Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
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12
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Wu J, Zhang JY, Gong Y, Li ST. Slowed relaxation of diaphragm in septic rats is associated with reduced expression of sarco-endoplasmic reticulum CA2+-ATPase genesSERCA1andSERCA2. Muscle Nerve 2016; 54:1108-1113. [PMID: 27104787 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First People's Hospital, School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; 100 Hai Ning Road Shanghai 20080 China
| | - Jian You Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First People's Hospital, School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; 100 Hai Ning Road Shanghai 20080 China
| | - Yuan Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, First People's Hospital, School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; 100 Hai Ning Road Shanghai 20080 China
| | - Shi Tong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First People's Hospital, School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; 100 Hai Ning Road Shanghai 20080 China
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13
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Abstract
Strength and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) for each leg were compared in a trained multiple sclerosis (MS) patient with exertional left monoparesis. Left quadriceps strength and left leg VO2max were 22% and 30% lower, respectively, compared to the right (control) leg. Because the same O2 delivery system served each leg during exercise, VO2max of the paretic leg was not limited by cardiorespiratory factors but rather by strength and/or muscle oxidative capacity. However, training with monoparesis likely enhanced O2 extraction and aerobic work capacity of the right leg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley J White
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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14
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Frontera WR, Ochala J. Skeletal muscle: a brief review of structure and function. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 96:183-95. [PMID: 25294644 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-014-9915-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 750] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the most dynamic and plastic tissues of the human body. In humans, skeletal muscle comprises approximately 40% of total body weight and contains 50-75% of all body proteins. In general, muscle mass depends on the balance between protein synthesis and degradation and both processes are sensitive to factors such as nutritional status, hormonal balance, physical activity/exercise, and injury or disease, among others. In this review, we discuss the various domains of muscle structure and function including its cytoskeletal architecture, excitation-contraction coupling, energy metabolism, and force and power generation. We will limit the discussion to human skeletal muscle and emphasize recent scientific literature on single muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter R Frontera
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Suite 1318, 2201 Children's Way, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA,
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15
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Stammers AN, Susser SE, Hamm NC, Hlynsky MW, Kimber DE, Kehler DS, Duhamel TA. The regulation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium-ATPases (SERCA). Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:843-54. [PMID: 25730320 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) is responsible for transporting calcium (Ca(2+)) from the cytosol into the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) following muscular contraction. The Ca(2+) sequestering activity of SERCA facilitates muscular relaxation in both cardiac and skeletal muscle. There are more than 10 distinct isoforms of SERCA expressed in different tissues. SERCA2a is the primary isoform expressed in cardiac tissue, whereas SERCA1a is the predominant isoform expressed in fast-twitch skeletal muscle. The Ca(2+) sequestering activity of SERCA is regulated at the level of protein content and is further modified by the endogenous proteins phospholamban (PLN) and sarcolipin (SLN). Additionally, several novel mechanisms, including post-translational modifications and microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as integral regulators of Ca(2+) transport activity. These regulatory mechanisms are clinically relevant, as dysregulated SERCA function has been implicated in the pathology of several disease states, including heart failure. Currently, several clinical trials are underway that utilize novel therapeutic approaches to restore SERCA2a activity in humans. The purpose of this review is to examine the regulatory mechanisms of the SERCA pump, with a particular emphasis on the influence of exercise in preventing the pathological conditions associated with impaired SERCA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Stammers
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Shanel E Susser
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre.,c Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba
| | - Naomi C Hamm
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Michael W Hlynsky
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Dustin E Kimber
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - D Scott Kehler
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Todd A Duhamel
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre.,c Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba
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16
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Skovgaard C, Christensen PM, Larsen S, Andersen TR, Thomassen M, Bangsbo J. Concurrent speed endurance and resistance training improves performance, running economy, and muscle NHE1 in moderately trained runners. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:1097-109. [PMID: 25190744 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01226.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether speed endurance training (SET, repeated 30-s sprints) and heavy resistance training (HRT, 80-90% of 1 repetition maximum) performed in succession are compatible and lead to performance improvements in moderately trained endurance runners. For an 8-wk intervention period (INT) 23 male runners [maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O(2max)) 59 ± 1 ml·min(-1)·kg(-1); values are means ± SE] either maintained their training (CON, n = 11) or performed high-intensity concurrent training (HICT, n = 12) consisting of two weekly sessions of SET followed by HRT and two weekly sessions of aerobic training with an average reduction in running distance of 42%. After 4 wk of HICT, performance was improved (P < 0.05) in a 10-km run (42:30 ± 1:07 vs. 44:11 ± 1:08 min:s) with no further improvement during the last 4 wk. Performance in a 1,500-m run (5:10 ± 0:05 vs. 5:27 ± 0:08 min:s) and in the Yo-Yo IR2 test (706 ± 97 vs. 491 ± 65 m) improved (P < 0.001) only following 8 wk of INT. In HICT, running economy (189 ± 4 vs. 195 ± 4 ml·kg(-1)·km(-1)), muscle content of NHE1 (35%) and dynamic muscle strength was augmented (P < 0.01) after compared with before INT, whereas V̇O(2max), muscle morphology, capillarization, content of muscle Na(+)/K(+) pump subunits, and MCT4 were unaltered. No changes were observed in CON. The present study demonstrates that SET and HRT, when performed in succession, lead to improvements in both short- and long-term running performance together with improved running economy as well as increased dynamic muscle strength and capacity for muscular H(+) transport in moderately trained endurance runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Skovgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrated Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Team Danmark (Danish Elite Sport Organization), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter M Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrated Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Team Danmark (Danish Elite Sport Organization), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sonni Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrated Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Thomas Rostgaard Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrated Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Martin Thomassen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrated Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrated Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
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17
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Green HJ, Ranney D, Burnett M, Galvin P, Kyle N, Lounsbury D, Ouyang J, Smith IC, Stewart R, Tick H, Tupling AR. Excitation–contraction coupling properties in women with work-related myalgia: a preliminary study. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:498-506. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the potential role of selected excitation–contraction coupling processes in females with work-related myalgia (WRM) by comparing WRM with healthy controls (CON) using tissue from extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) and trapezius (TRAP) muscles. For the ECRB, age (mean ± SE) was 29.6 ± 3.5 years for CON (n = 9) and 39.2 ± 2.8 years for WRM (n = 13), while for the TRAP, the values were 26.0 ± 2.1 years for CON (n = 7) and 44.6 ± 2.9 years for WRM (n = 11). For the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of the ECRB, WRM displayed concentrations (nmol·(mg protein)−1·min−1) that were lower (P < 0.05) for Total (202 ± 4.4 vs 178 ± 7.1), Basal (34 ± 1.6 vs 30.1 ± 1.3), and maximal Ca2+-ATPase activity (Vmax, 168 ± 4.9 vs 149 ± 6.3), and Ca2+-uptake (5.06 ± 0.31 vs 4.13 ± 0.29), but not SERCA1a and SERCA2a isoforms, by comparison with CON. When age was incorporated as a co-variant, Total, Basal, and Ca2+-uptake remained different from CON (P < 0.05), but not Vmax (P = 0.13). For TRAP, none of the ATPase properties differed between groups (P > 0.05) either before or following adjustment for age. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed between the groups for Ca2+-release in the SR for either TRAP or ECRB. Similarly, no deficiencies, regardless of muscle, were noted for either the Na+–K+-ATPase content or the α and β subunit isoform distribution in WRM. This preliminary study provides a basis for further research, with expanded numbers, investigating the hypothesis that abnormalities in SR Ca2+-regulation are involved in the cellular etiology of WRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J. Green
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Centre of Research Expertise for the Prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders (CRE-MSD), Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Don Ranney
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Centre of Research Expertise for the Prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders (CRE-MSD), Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Disability Assessment Services, Inc., RR#1 Arthur, Waterloo, ON N0G 1A0, Canada
| | - Margaret Burnett
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Patti Galvin
- Wellington Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Centre, 86 Dawson Road, Unit 3, Guelph, ON N1H 1A8, Canada
| | - Natasha Kyle
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - David Lounsbury
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ian C. Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Riley Stewart
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Heather Tick
- Mind-Body Medicine, The RSI Clinic, 79 St. Clair Avenue East, Toronto, ON M4T 1M6, Canada
- Departments of Family Medicine and Anaesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, BB-1469, Seattle, WA 98195-6540, USA
| | - A. Russell Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Centre of Research Expertise for the Prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders (CRE-MSD), Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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18
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Morissette MP, Susser SE, Stammers AN, O'Hara KA, Gardiner PF, Sheppard P, Moffatt TL, Duhamel TA. Differential regulation of the fiber type-specific gene expression of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase isoforms induced by exercise training. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:544-55. [PMID: 24876362 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00092.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulatory role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-α2 on sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase (SERCA) 1a and SERCA2a in different skeletal muscle fiber types has yet to be elucidated. Sedentary (Sed) or exercise-trained (Ex) wild-type (WT) and AMPKα2-kinase dead (KD) transgenic mice, which overexpress a mutated and inactivated AMPKα2 subunit, were utilized to characterize how genotype or exercise training influenced the regulation of SERCA isoforms in gastrocnemius. As expected, both Sed and Ex KD mice had >40% lower AMPK phosphorylation and 30% lower SERCA1a protein than WT mice (P < 0.05). In contrast, SERCA2a protein was not different among KD and WT mice. Exercise increased SERCA1a and SERCA2a protein content among WT and KD mice, compared with their Sed counterparts. Maximal SERCA activity was lower in KD mice, compared with WT. Total phospholamban protein was higher in KD mice than in WT and lower in Ex compared with Sed mice. Exercise training increased phospholamban Ser(16) phosphorylation in WT mice. Laser capture microdissection and quantitative PCR indicated that SERCA1a mRNA expression among type I fibers was not altered by genotype or exercise, but SERCA2a mRNA was increased 30-fold in WT+Ex, compared with WT+Sed. In contrast, the exercise-stimulated increase for SERCA2a mRNA was blunted in KD mice. Exercise upregulated SERCA1a and SERCA2a mRNA among type II fibers, but was not altered by genotype. Collectively, these data suggest that exercise differentially influences SERCA isoform expression in type I and type II fibers. Additionally, AMPKα2 influences the regulation of SERCA2a mRNA in type I skeletal muscle fibers following exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P Morissette
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shanel E Susser
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Andrew N Stammers
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kimberley A O'Hara
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Phillip F Gardiner
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Spinal Cord Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Patricia Sheppard
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Spinal Cord Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Teri L Moffatt
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Todd A Duhamel
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
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19
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Zoladz JA, Grassi B, Majerczak J, Szkutnik Z, Korostyński M, Karasiński J, Kilarski W, Korzeniewski B. Training-induced acceleration of O(2) uptake on-kinetics precedes muscle mitochondrial biogenesis in humans. Exp Physiol 2012. [PMID: 23204290 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.069443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The effects of 5 weeks of moderate-intensity endurance training on pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics (V(O(2)) on-kinetics) were studied in 15 healthy men (mean ± SD: age 22.7 ± 1.8 years, body weight 76.4 ± 8.9 kg and maximal V(O(2)) 46.0 ± 3.7 ml kg(-1) min(-1)). Training caused a significant acceleration (P = 0.003) of V(O(2)) on-kinetics during moderate-intensity cycling (time constant of the 'primary' component 30.0 ± 6.6 versus 22.8 ± 5.6 s before and after training, respectively) and a significant decrease (P = 0.04) in the amplitude of the primary component (837 ± 351 versus 801 ± 330 ml min(-1)). No changes in myosin heavy chain distribution, muscle fibre capillarization, level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α and other markers of mitochondrial biogenesis (mitochondrial DNA copy number, cytochrome c and cytochrome oxidase subunit I contents) in the vastus lateralis were found after training. A significant downregulation in the content of the sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase 2 (SERCA2; P = 0.03) and a tendency towards a decrease in SERCA1 (P = 0.055) was found after training. The decrease in SERCA1 was positively correlated (P = 0.05) with the training-induced decrease in the gain of the V(O(2)) on-kinetics (ΔV(O(2)) at steady state/Δpower output). In the early stage of training, the acceleration in V(O(2)) on-kinetics during moderate-intensity cycling can occur without enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis or changes in muscle myosin heavy chain distribution and in muscle fibre capillarization. The training-induced decrease of the O(2) cost of cycling could be caused by the downregulation of SERCA pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy A Zoladz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Rehabilitation, University School of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland.
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20
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Green HJ, Batada A, Cole B, Burnett ME, Kollias H, McKay S, Roy B, Schertzer JD, Smith IC, Tupling S. Muscle cellular properties in the ice hockey player: a model for investigating overtraining? Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:567-78. [PMID: 22471993 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we hypothesized that athletes involved in 5-6 months of sprint-type training would display higher levels of proteins and processes involved in muscle energy supply and utilization. Tissue was sampled from the vastus lateralis of 13 elite ice hockey players (peak oxygen consumption = 51.8 ± 1.3 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1); mean ± standard error) at the end of a season (POST) and compared with samples from 8 controls (peak oxygen consumption = 45.5 ± 1.4 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)) (CON). Compared with CON, higher activities were observed in POST (p < 0.05) only for succinic dehydrogenase (3.32 ± 0.16 mol·(mg protein)(-1)·min(-1) vs. 4.10 ± 0.11 mol·(mg protein)(-1)·min(-1)) and hexokinase (0.73 ± 0.05 mol·(mg protein)(-1)·min(-1) vs. 0.90 ± 0.05mol·(mg protein)(-1)·min(-1)) but not for phosphorylase, phosphofructokinase, and creatine phosphokinase. No differences were found in Na(+),K(+)-ATPase concentration (β(max): 262 ± 36 pmol·(g wet weight)(-1) vs. 275 ± 27 pmol·(g wet weight)(-1)) and the maximal activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (98.1 ± 6.1 µmol·(g protein)(-1)·min(-1) vs. 102 ± 3.3 µmol·(g protein)(-1)·min(-1)). Cross-sectional area was lower (p < 0.05) in POST but only for the type IIA fibres (6312 ± 684 μm(2) vs. 5512 ± 335 μm(2)), while the number of capillary counts per fibre and the capillary to fibre area ratio were generally higher (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that elite trained ice hockey players display elevations only in support of glucose-based aerobic metabolism that occur in the absence of alterations in excitation-contraction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J Green
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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21
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Specific effects of endurance and sprint training on protein expression of calsequestrin and SERCA in mouse skeletal muscle. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2012; 33:123-30. [PMID: 22466636 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-012-9290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Calsequestrin (CSQ) is the main Ca²⁺ binding protein inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of skeletal and cardiac muscle. The present study demonstrates the specific effects of different training regimens on CSQ isoform 1 (CSQ1, the primary isoform) and SR Ca²⁺-ATPase (SERCA1, 2) expression in various skeletal muscles of mouse. CSQ1, SERCA1, and SERCA2 protein expression was determined with Western blot in m. soleus (SOL), m. extensor digitorum longus (EDL), m. gastrocnemius (GAS), m. rectus femoris (RF), and m. tibialis anterior (TA) muscles after completing a 6-week endurance or sprint training program. Endurance training induced decrease in CSQ1 concentration in SOL (p < 0.001) and in SERCA1 levels in GAS (p < 0.05), whereas increase in CSQ1 expression was detected in EDL (p < 0.01). After sprint training the concentration of CSQ1 increased in GAS (p < 0.01) and EDL (p < 0.01). Additionally, sprint exercise induced an increase in SERCA1 in GAS (p < 0.001) and a decline in TA (p < 0.05). SERCA2 was up-regulated with sprint training in GAS (p < 0.01). Myosin heavy chain (MHC) based fibre type composition altered differently depending on the muscle and the training regimen.These results indicate that (1) diverse training strategies used affect differently CSQ1 and SERCA1 concentrations in the skeletal muscle, (2) the regulation of CSQ1 and SERCA1 does not necessary follow the fast-slow definition despite the correlation between MHC isoforms, and (3) the changes in CSQ1 concentration occur prior to SERCA1 or SERCA2.
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22
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Majerczak J, Korostynski M, Nieckarz Z, Szkutnik Z, Duda K, Zoladz JA. Endurance training decreases the non-linearity in the oxygen uptake-power output relationship in humans. Exp Physiol 2012; 97:386-99. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2011.062992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Green HJ, Duhamel TA, Smith IC, Rich SM, Thomas MM, Ouyang J, Yau JE. Muscle fatigue and excitation-contraction coupling responses following a session of prolonged cycling. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2011; 203:441-55. [PMID: 21707930 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The mechanisms underlying the fatigue that occurs in human muscle following sustained activity are thought to reside in one or more of the excitation-contraction coupling (E-C coupling) processes. This study investigated the association between the changes in select E-C coupling properties and the impairment in force generation that occurs with prolonged cycling. METHODS Ten volunteers with a peak aerobic power (VO(2peak)) of 2.95 ± 0.27 L min(-1) (mean ± SE), exercised for 2 h at 62 ± 1.3%. Quadriceps function was assessed and tissue properties (vastus lateralis) were measured prior to (E1-pre) and following (E1-post) exercise and on three consecutive days of recovery (R1, R2 and R3). RESULTS While exercise failed to depress the maximal activity (V(max) ) of the Na(+) ,K(+) -ATPase (P = 0.10), reductions (P < 0.05) were found at E1-post in V(max) of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) -ATPase (-22%), Ca(2+) -uptake (-26%) and phase 1(-33%) and 2 (-38%) Ca(2+) -release. Both V(max) and Ca(2+) -release (phase 2) recovered by R1, whereas Ca(2+) -uptake and Ca(2+) -release (phase 1) remained depressed (P < 0.05) at R1 and at R1 and R2 and possibly R3 (P < 0.06) respectively. Compared with E1-pre, fatigue was observed (P < 0.05) at 10 Hz electrical stimulation at E1-post (-56%), which persisted throughout recovery. The exercise increased (P < 0.05) overall content of the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase (R1, R2 and R3) and the isoforms β2 (R1, R2 and R3) and β3 (R3), but not β1 or the α-isoforms (α1, α2 and α3). CONCLUSION These results suggest a possible direct role for Ca(2+)-release in fatigue and demonstrate a single exercise session can induce overlapping perturbations and adaptations (particularly to the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase).
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Green
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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Green HJ, Burnett M, Kollias H, Ouyang J, Smith I, Tupling S. Malleability of human skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum to short-term training. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2011; 36:904-12. [DOI: 10.1139/h11-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the hypothesis that adaptations would occur in the sarcoplasmic reticulum in vastus lateralis soon after the onset of aerobic-based training consistent with reduced Ca2+-cycling potential. Tissue samples were extracted prior to (0 days) and following 3 and 6 days of cycling performed for 2 h at 60%–65% of peak aerobic power (VO2peak) in untrained males (VO2peak = 47 ± 2.3 mL·kg–1·min–1; mean ± SE, n = 6) and assessed for changes (nmol·mg protein–1·min–1) in maximal Ca2+-ATPase activity (Vmax), Ca2+-uptake, and Ca2+-release (phase 1 and phase 2) as well as the sarcoplasmic (endoplasmic) reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) isoforms. Training resulted in reductions (p < 0.05) in SERCA1a at 6 days (–14%) but not at 3 days. For SERCA2a, reductions (p < 0.05) were also noted only at 6 days (–7%). For Vmax, depressions (p < 0.05) were found at 6 days (172 ± 11) but not at 3 days (176 ± 13; p < 0.10) compared with 0 days (192 ± 11). These changes were accompanied by a lower (p < 0.05) Ca2+-uptake at both 3 days (–39%) and 6 days (–48%). A similar pattern was found for phase 1 Ca2+-release with reductions (p < 0.05) of 37% observed at 6 days and 23% (p = 0.21) at 3 days of training, respectively. In a related study using the same training protocol and participant characteristics, microphotometric determinations of Vmax indicated reductions (p < 0.05) in type I at 3 days (–27%) and at 6 days (–34%) and in type IIA fibres at 6 days (–17%). It is concluded that in response to aerobic-based training, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-cycling potential is reduced by adaptations that occur soon after training onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J. Green
- Department of Kinesiology University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1 Canada
| | - Margaret Burnett
- Department of Kinesiology University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1 Canada
| | - Helen Kollias
- Department of Kinesiology University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1 Canada
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Department of Kinesiology University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1 Canada
| | - Ian Smith
- Department of Kinesiology University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1 Canada
| | - Susan Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1 Canada
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Are Abnormalities in Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Cycling Properties Involved in Trapezius Myalgia? Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2011; 90:834-43. [DOI: 10.1097/phm.0b013e31821f6f1f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Egan B, Dowling P, O'Connor PL, Henry M, Meleady P, Zierath JR, O'Gorman DJ. 2-D DIGE analysis of the mitochondrial proteome from human skeletal muscle reveals time course-dependent remodelling in response to 14 consecutive days of endurance exercise training. Proteomics 2011; 11:1413-28. [PMID: 21360670 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation of skeletal muscle to repeated bouts of endurance exercise increases aerobic capacity and improves mitochondrial function. However, the adaptation of human skeletal muscle mitochondrial proteome to short-term endurance exercise training has not been investigated. Eight sedentary males cycled for 60 min at 80% of peak oxygen consumption (VO(2peak) ) each day for 14 consecutive days, resulting in an increase in VO(2peak) of 17.5±3.8% (p<0.01). Mitochondria-enriched protein fractions from skeletal muscle biopsies taken from m. vastus lateralis at baseline, and on the morning following the 7th and 14th training sessions were subjected to 2-D DIGE analysis with subsequent MS followed by database interrogation to identify the proteins of interest. Thirty-one protein spots were differentially expressed after either 7 or 14 days of training (ANOVA, p<0.05). These proteins included subunits of the electron transport chain, enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, phosphotransfer enzymes, and regulatory factors in mitochondrial protein synthesis, oxygen transport, and antioxidant capacity. Several proteins demonstrated a time course-dependent induction during training. Our results illustrate the phenomenon of skeletal muscle plasticity with the extensive remodelling of the mitochondrial proteome occurring after just 7 days of exercise training suggestive of enhanced capacity for adenosine triphosphate generation at a cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Egan
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Green HJ, Batada A, Cole B, Burnett ME, Kollias H, McKay S, Roy B, Schertzer J, Smith I, Tupling S. Cellular responses in skeletal muscle to a season of ice hockey. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2010; 35:657-70. [PMID: 20962922 DOI: 10.1139/h10-060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that a season of ice hockey would result in extensive remodeling of muscle. Tissue sampled from the vastus lateralis of 15 players (age = 20.6 ± 0.4 years; mean ± SE) prior to (PRE) and following (POST) a season was used to characterize specific adaptations. Measurement of representative metabolic pathway enzymes indicated higher maximal activities in POST than in PRE (p < 0.05) for succinic dehydrogenase (3.26 ± 0.31 vs. 3.91 ± 0.11 mol mg protein(-1) min(-1)), citrate synthase (7.26 ± 0.70 vs. 8.70 ± 0.55 mol mg protein(-1) min(-1)), and phosphofructokinase (12.8 ± 1.3 vs. 14.4 ± 0.96 mol mg protein(-1) min(-1)) only. The season resulted in an increase in Na+-K+-ATPase concentration (253 ± 6.3 vs. 265 ± 6.0 pmol g(-1) wet weight), a decrease (p < 0.05) in maximal activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (107 ± 4.2 micromol g protein(-1) min(-1) vs. 92.0 ± 4.6 micromol g protein(-1) min(-1)), and no change in the distribution (%) of fibre types. A smaller (p < 0.05) cross-sectional area (CSA) for both type I (-11.7%) and type IIA (-18.2%) fibres and a higher (p < 0.05) capillary count/CSA for type I (+17.9%) and type IIA (+17.2%) were also found over the season. No changes were found in peak oxygen consumption (51.4 ± 1.2 mL kg(-1) min(-1) vs. 52.3 ± 1.3 mL kg(-1) min(-1)). The results suggest, based on the alterations in oxidative and perfusion potentials and muscle mass, that the dominant adaptations are in support of oxidative metabolism, which occurs at the expense of fibre CSA and possibly force-generating potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J Green
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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MUNKVIK MORTEN, REHN TOMMYA, SLETTALØKKEN GUNNAR, HASIC ALMIRA, HALLÉN JOSTEIN, SJAASTAD IVAR, SEJERSTED OLEM, LUNDE PERKRISTIAN. Training Effects on Skeletal Muscle Calcium Handling in Human Chronic Heart Failure. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42:847-55. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181c29ec1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ferreira JCB, Bacurau AV, Bueno CR, Cunha TC, Tanaka LY, Jardim MA, Ramires PR, Brum PC. Aerobic exercise training improves Ca2+ handling and redox status of skeletal muscle in mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2010; 235:497-505. [DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2009.009165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training is known to promote relevant changes in the properties of skeletal muscle contractility toward powerful fibers. However, there are few studies showing the effect of a well-established exercise training protocol on Ca2+ handling and redox status in skeletal muscles with different fiber-type compositions. We have previously standardized a valid and reliable protocol to improve endurance exercise capacity in mice based on maximal lactate steady-state workload (MLSSw). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise training, performed at MLSSw, on the skeletal muscle Ca2+ handling-related protein levels and cellular redox status in soleus and plantaris. Male C57BL/6J mice performed treadmill training at MLSSw over a period of eight weeks. Muscle fiber-typing was determined by myosin ATPase histochemistry, citrate synthase activity by spectrophotometric assay, Ca2+ handling-related protein levels by Western blot and reduced to oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH:GSSG) by high-performance liquid chromatography. Trained mice displayed higher running performance and citrate synthase activity compared with untrained mice. Improved running performance in trained mice was paralleled by fast-to-slow fiber-type shift and increased capillary density in both plantaris and soleus. Exercise training increased dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) α2 subunit, ryanodine receptor and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger levels in plantaris and soleus. Moreover, exercise training elevated DHPR β1 subunit and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) 1 levels in plantaris and SERCA2 levels in soleus of trained mice. Skeletal muscle GSH content and GSH:GSSG ratio was increased in plantaris and soleus of trained mice. Taken together, our findings indicate that MLSSw exercise-induced better running performance is, in part, due to increased levels of proteins involved in skeletal muscle Ca2+ handling, whereas this response is partially dependent on specificity of skeletal muscle fiber-type composition. Finally, we demonstrated an augmented cellular redox status and GSH antioxidant capacity in trained mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C B Ferreira
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Aline V Bacurau
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Bueno
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Telma C Cunha
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Y Tanaka
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Maira A Jardim
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Ramires
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Patricia C Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
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Thomas MM, Vigna C, Betik AC, Tupling AR, Hepple RT. Initiating treadmill training in late middle age offers modest adaptations in Ca2+ handling but enhances oxidative damage in senescent rat skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 298:R1269-78. [PMID: 20200131 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00663.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aging skeletal muscle shows an increased time to peak force and relaxation and a decreased specific force, all of which could relate to changes in muscle Ca(2+) handling. The purpose of this study was to determine if Ca(2+)-handling protein content and function are decreased in senescent gastrocnemius muscle and if initiating a training program in late middle age (LMA, 29 mo old) could improve function in senescent (34- to 36-mo-old) muscle. LMA male Fischer 344 x Brown-Norway rats underwent 5-7 mo of treadmill training. Aging resulted in a decrease in maximal sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) activity and a decrease in Ca(2+) release rate but no change in Ca(2+) uptake rate. Efficiency of the Ca(2+) pump was increased with age, as was the content of SERCA2a. Training caused a further increase in SERCA2a content. Aging also caused an increase in protein carbonyl and reactive nitrogen species damage accumulation, and both further increased with training. Consistent with the increase in oxidative damage, heat shock protein 70 content was increased with age and further increased with training. Together, these results suggest that while initiating exercise training in LMA augments the age-related increase in expression of heat shock protein 70 and the more efficient SERCA2a isoform, it did not prevent the decrease in SERCA activity and exacerbated oxidative damage in senescent gastrocnemius muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Thomas
- Muscle and Aging Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Salanova M, Schiffl G, Blottner D. Atypical fast SERCA1a protein expression in slow myofibers and differential S-nitrosylation prevented by exercise during long term bed rest. Histochem Cell Biol 2009; 132:383-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-009-0624-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Green HJ, Burnett M, Duhamel TA, D'Arsigny C, O'Donnell DE, Webb KA, Ouyang J. Abnormal sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-sequestering properties in skeletal muscle in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2008; 295:C350-7. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00224.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that alterations in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-cycling properties would occur in skeletal muscle in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To investigate this hypothesis, tissue samples were obtained from the vastus lateralis of 8 patients with COPD [age 65.6 ± 3.2 yr; forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) = 44 ± 2%; mean ± SE] and 10 healthy age-matched controls (CON, age 67.5 ± 2.5 yr; FEV1/FVC = 77 ± 2%), and homogenates were analyzed for a wide range of SR properties. Compared with CON, COPD displayed (in μmol·g protein−1·min−1) a 16% lower maximal Ca2+-ATPase activity [maximal velocity ( Vmax), 158 ± 10 vs. 133 ± 7, P < 0.05] and a 17% lower Ca2+uptake (4.65 ± 0.039 vs. 3.85 ± 0.26, P < 0.05) that occurred in the absence of differences in Ca2+release. The lower Vmaxin COPD was also accompanied by an 11% lower ( P < 0.05) Ca2+sensitivity, as measured by the Hill coefficient (defined as the relationship between Ca2+-ATPase activity and free cytosolic Ca2+concentration for 10–90% Vmax). For the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) isoforms, SERCA1a was 16% higher ( P < 0.05) and SERCA2a was 14% lower ( P < 0.05) in COPD. It is concluded that moderate to severe COPD results in abnormalities in SR Ca2+-ATPase properties that cannot be explained by changes in the SERCA isoform phenotypes. The reduced catalytic properties of SERCA in COPD suggest a disturbance in Ca2+cycling, possibly resulting in impairment in Ca2+-mediated mechanical function and/or second messenger regulated processes.
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Duhamel TA, Stewart RD, Tupling AR, Ouyang J, Green HJ. Muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium regulation in humans during consecutive days of exercise and recovery. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2007; 103:1212-20. [PMID: 17656626 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00437.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the hypothesis that three consecutive days of prolonged cycle exercise would result in a sustained reduction in the Ca(2+)-cycling properties of the vastus lateralis in the absence of changes in the sarcoplasmic (endoplasmic) reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) protein. Tissue samples were obtained at preexercise (Pre) and postexercise (Post) on day 1 (E1) and day 3 (E3) and during recovery day 1 (R1), day 2 (R2), and day 3 (R3) in 12 active but untrained volunteers (age 19.2 +/- 0.27 yr; mean +/- SE) and analyzed for changes (nmol.mg protein(-1).min(-1)) in maximal Ca(2+)-ATPase activity (V(max)), Ca(2+) uptake and Ca(2+) release (phase 1 and phase 2), and SERCA isoform expression (SERCA1a and SERCA2a). At E1, reductions (P < 0.05) from Pre to Post in V(max) (150 +/- 7 vs. 121 +/- 7), Ca(2+) uptake (7.79 +/- 0.28 vs. 5.71 +/- 0.33), and both phases of Ca(2+) release (phase 1, 20.3 +/- 1.3 vs. 15.2 +/- 1.1; phase 2, 7.70 +/- 0.60 vs. 4.99 +/- 0.48) were found. In contrast to V(max), which recovered at Pre E3 and then remained stable at Post E3 and throughout recovery, Ca(2+) uptake remained depressed (P < 0.05) at E3 Pre and Post and at R1 as did phase 2 of Ca(2+) release. Exercise resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) in SERCA1a (14% at R2) but not SERCA2a. It is concluded that rapidly adapting mechanisms protect V(max) following the onset of regular exercise but not Ca(2+) uptake and Ca(2+) release.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Duhamel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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Matsunaga S, Yamada T, Mishima T, Sakamoto M, Sugiyama M, Wada M. Effects of high-intensity training and acute exercise on in vitro function of rat sarcoplasmic reticulum. Eur J Appl Physiol 2007; 99:641-9. [PMID: 17226062 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-006-0381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of high-intensity training and/or a single bout of exercise on in vitro function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), the rats were subjected to 8 weeks of interval running program (final training: 2.5-min running x 4 sets per day, 50 m/min at 10% incline). Following training, SR function, i.e., Ca2+-ATPase activity and Ca2+-uptake and release rates, was examined in homogenates of the superficial region of the vastus lateralis muscle from rats subjected to a single bout of treadmill running (50 m/min at 10% incline) for 2.5 min or to exhaustion. Training brought about a 12.4% increase (P < 0.05) in SR Ca2+-uptake rate in rested muscles. This change was not accompanied by alterations in Ca2+-ATPase activity, Ca2+-release rate, Ca2+ dependence of enzyme and protein contents of Ca2+-ATPase and ryanodine receptor. A single bout of high-intensity exercise to exhaustion evoked significant reductions (P < 0.05) in SR function, irrespective of whether or not the animals were trained. For 2.5-min run and exhausted rats, no differences existed between SR functions of untrained and trained muscles. These data suggest that high-intensity training may be capable of enhancing SR Ca2+-sequestering ability, and may not protect against decreasing SR function with high-intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Matsunaga
- Research Center for Urban Health and Sports, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
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Morlà M, Iglesias A, Sauleda J, Cosio B, Agustí À, Busquets X. Disminución de la expresión de la bomba de calcio sarcoplásmica (SERCA2) en el músculo esquelético de pacientes con EPOC y bajo peso corporal. Arch Bronconeumol 2007. [DOI: 10.1157/13096994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Morlà M, Iglesias A, Sauleda J, Cosio B, Agustí A, Busquets X. Reduced Expression of the Sarcoplasmic Calcium Pump SERCA2 in Skeletal Muscle From Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Low Body Weight. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 43:4-8. [PMID: 17257557 DOI: 10.1016/s1579-2129(07)60013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the concentrations and extent of nitration of sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) adenosine triphosphatase 2 (SERCA2) in biopsies of the quadriceps femoris from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who have normal or low body mass index (BMI). PATIENTS AND METHODS The patients were divided into 2 groups (n=7, each group), one containing individuals with normal BMI (> 21 kg/m(2)) and the other with low BMI (< 21 kg/m(2)). Forced spirometry and blood gas analysis were performed in both groups and percutaneous needle biopsies of the lateral portion of the quadriceps femoris muscle were performed. Western blots were used to assess the concentration of SERCA2 in the biopsy material. To determine whether or not the protein was tyrosine-nitrated, immunoprecipitation of SERCA2 was performed with an antinitrotyrosine antibody followed by Western blotting to determine the concentration of the tyrosine-nitrated protein. RESULTS Expression of SERCA2 was significantly lower in patients with low BMI (4.2 [0.5] vs 8.1 [1.2] integrated optical density units, P < .05). SERCA2 was also tyrosine-nitrated in the patients with low BMI. Finally, a significant negative correlation was observed between the concentration of SERCA2 and that of inducible nitric oxide synthase (determined in a previous study using the same biopsy material) in patients with COPD and low BMI (r=-0.89, P=.007), while such a correlation was not observed in patients with COPD and normal BMI (r=0.35, P=.43). CONCLUSIONS In patients with COPD, SERCA2 concentration is reduced and the protein is tyrosine-nitrated in skeletal muscle from patients with low BMI compared to those with normal BMI. These results indicate the presence of a previously unrecognized cellular alteration in skeletal muscle from patients with COPD and low muscle weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Morlà
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, España
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Duhamel TA, Green HJ, Perco JG, Ouyang J. Metabolic and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+cycling responses in human muscle 4 days following prolonged exercise. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2005; 83:643-55. [PMID: 16091790 DOI: 10.1139/y05-049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of prolonged exercise on muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+cycling properties and the metabolic responses with and without a session of exercise designed to reduce muscle glycogen reserves while on a normal carbohydrate (CHO) diet. Eight untrained males (VO2peak = 3.81 ± 0.12 L/min, mean ± SE) performed a standardized cycle-to-fatigue at 55% VO2peakwhile on a normal CHO diet (Norm CHO) and 4 days following prolonged exercise while on a normal CHO diet (Ex+Norm CHO). Compared to rest, exercise in Norm CHO to fatigue resulted in significant reductions (p < 0.05) in Ca2+uptake (3.17 ± 0.21 vs. 2.47 ± 0.12 µmol·(g protein)–1·min–1), maximal Ca2+ATPase activity (Vmax, 152 ± 12 vs. 119 ± 9 µmol·(g protein)–1·min–1) and both phase 1 (15.1 ± 0.98 vs. 13.1 ± 0.28 µmol·(g protein)–1·min–1) and phase 2 (6.56 ± 0.33 vs. 4.91 ± 0.28 µmol·(g protein)–1·min–1) Ca2+release in vastus lateralis muscle. No differences were observed between Norm CHO and Ex-Norm CHO in the response of these properties to exercise. Compared with Norm CHO, Ex+Norm CHO resulted in higher (p < 0.05) resting Ca2+uptake (3.17 ± 0.21 vs. 3.49 ± 0.24 µmol·(g protein)·min–1and higher ionophore ratio, defined as the ratio of Vmaxmeasured with and without the Ca2+-ionophore A23187, (2.3 ± 0.3 vs. 4.4 ± 0.3 µmol·(g protein)·min–1) at fatigue. No differences were observed between conditions in the concentration of muscle glycogen, the high-energy phosphates (ATP and PCr), or metabolites (Pi, Cr, and lactate). Ex+Norm CHO also failed to modify the exercise-induced changes in CHO and fat oxidation. We conclude that prolonged exercise to fatigue performed 4 days following glycogen-depleting exercise while on a normal CHO diet elevates resting Ca2+uptake and prevents increases in SR membrane permeability to Ca2+as measured by the ionophore ratio. Key words: Ca2+cycling, glycogen depletion, contractile activity, recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Duhamel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Mahoney DJ, Parise G, Melov S, Safdar A, Tarnopolsky MA. Analysis of global mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle during recovery from endurance exercise. FASEB J 2005; 19:1498-500. [PMID: 15985525 DOI: 10.1096/fj.04-3149fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To search for novel transcriptional pathways that are activated in skeletal muscle after endurance exercise, we used cDNA microarrays to measure global mRNA expression after an exhaustive bout of high-intensity cycling (approximately 75 min). Healthy, young, sedentary males performed the cycling bout, and skeletal muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis before, and at 3 and 48 h after exercise. We examined mRNA expression in individual muscle samples from four subjects using cDNA microarrays, used repeated-measures significance analysis of microarray (SAM) to determine statistically significant expression changes, and confirmed selected results using real-time RT-PCR. In total, the expression of 118 genes significantly increased 3 h postcycling and 8 decreased. At 48 h, the expression of 29 genes significantly increased and 5 decreased. Many of these are potentially important novel genes involved in exercise recovery and adaptation, including several involved in 1) metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis (FOXO1, PPARdelta, PPARgamma, nuclear receptor binding protein 2, IL-6 receptor, ribosomal protein L2, aminolevulinate delta-synthase 2); 2) the oxidant stress response (metalothioneins 1B, 1F, 1G, 1H, 1L, 2A, 3, interferon regulatory factor 1); and 3) electrolyte transport across membranes [Na+-K+-ATPase (beta3), SERCA3, chloride channel 4]. Others include genes involved in cell stress, proteolysis, apoptosis, growth, differentiation, and transcriptional activation, as well as all three nuclear receptor subfamily 4A family members (Nur77, Nurr1, and Nor1). This study is the first to characterize global mRNA expression during recovery from endurance exercise, and the results provide potential insight into 1) the transcriptional contributions to homeostatic recovery in human skeletal muscle after endurance exercise, and 2) the transcriptional contributions from a single bout of endurance exercise to the adaptive processes that occur after a period of endurance exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Mahoney
- Department of Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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