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Guarino BD, Dado CD, Kumar A, Braza J, Harrington EO, Klinger JR. Deletion of the Npr3 gene increases severity of acute lung injury in obese mice. Pulm Circ 2023; 13:e12270. [PMID: 37528869 PMCID: PMC10387407 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) attenuates agonist-induced pulmonary edema and that this effect may be mediated in part by the ANP clearance receptor, natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C). Obesity has been associated with lower plasma ANP levels due to increased expression of NPR-C, and with decreased severity of acute lung injury (ALI). Therefore, we hypothesized that increased expression of NPR-C may attenuate ALI severity in obese populations. To test this, we examined ALI in Npr3 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice fed normal chow (NC) or high-fat diets (HFD). After 12 weeks, ALI was induced with intra-tracheal administration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 103 (PA103) or saline. ALI severity was determined by lung wet-to-dry ratio (W/D) along with measurement of cell count, protein levels from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed on whole lung to measure cytokine/chemokine and Npr3 mRNA expression. ANP levels were measured from plasma. PA103 caused ALI as determined by significant increases in W/D, BALF protein concentration, and whole lung cytokine/chemokine expression. PA103 increased Npr3 expression in the lungs of wild-type (WT) mice regardless of diet. There was a nonsignificant trend toward increased Npr3 expression in the lungs of WT mice fed HFD versus NC. No differences in ALI were seen between Npr3 knockout (KO) mice and WT-fed NC, but Npr3 KO mice fed HFD had a significantly greater W/D and BALF protein concentration than WT mice fed HFD. These findings support the hypothesis that Npr3 may help protect against ALI in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna D. Guarino
- Vascular Research LabProvidence Veterans Affairs Medical CenterProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Department of Medicine, Sleep and Critical Care MedicineRhode Island HospitalProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Christopher D. Dado
- Vascular Research LabProvidence Veterans Affairs Medical CenterProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Department of Medicine, Sleep and Critical Care MedicineRhode Island HospitalProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Vascular Research LabProvidence Veterans Affairs Medical CenterProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Julie Braza
- Vascular Research LabProvidence Veterans Affairs Medical CenterProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Elizabeth O. Harrington
- Vascular Research LabProvidence Veterans Affairs Medical CenterProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Department of Medicine, Sleep and Critical Care MedicineRhode Island HospitalProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - James R. Klinger
- Vascular Research LabProvidence Veterans Affairs Medical CenterProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Department of Medicine, Sleep and Critical Care MedicineRhode Island HospitalProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
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2
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Harrington EO, Kumar A, Leandre V, Wilson ZS, Guarino B, Braza J, Lefort CT, Klinger JR. Natriuretic peptide receptor-C mediates the inhibitory effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on neutrophil recruitment to the lung during acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L438-L449. [PMID: 35943160 PMCID: PMC9529260 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00477.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) protects against acute lung injury (ALI), but the receptor that mediates this effect is not known. Transgenic mice with 0 (knockout), 1 (heterozygote), or 2 (wild-type) functional copies of Npr3, the gene that encodes for natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C), were treated with intravenous infusion of ANP or saline vehicle before oropharyngeal aspiration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA103) or saline vehicle. Lung injury was assessed 4 h following aspiration by measurement of lung wet/dry (W/D) weight, whole lung leukocyte and cytokine levels, and protein, leukocyte, and cytokine concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). PA103 induced acute lung injury as evidenced by increases in lung W/D ratio and protein concentration in BALF. The severity of PA103-induced lung injury did not differ between NPR-C genotypes. Treatment with intravenous ANP infusion reduced PA103-induced increases in lung W/D and BALF protein concentration in all three NPRC genotypes. PA103 increased the percentage of leukocytes that were neutrophils and cytokine levels in whole lung and BALF in NPR-C wild-type and knockout mice. This effect was blunted by ANP in wild-type mice but not in the NPR-C knockout mice. NPR-C does not mediate the protective effect of ANP on endothelial cell permeability in settings of PA103-induced injury but may mediate the effect of ANP on inhibition of the recruitment of neutrophils to the lung and thereby attenuate the release of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth O Harrington
- Vascular Research Lab, Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Vascular Research Lab, Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Verida Leandre
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Zachary S Wilson
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Brianna Guarino
- Vascular Research Lab, Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Julie Braza
- Vascular Research Lab, Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Craig T Lefort
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - James R Klinger
- Vascular Research Lab, Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Shaukat A, Shaukat I, Rajput SA, Shukat R, Hanif S, Jiang K, Zhang T, Akhtar M, Shaukat I, Ma X, Liu J, Shaukat S, Umar T, Akhtar M, Yang L, Deng G. Ginsenoside Rb1 protects from Staphylococcus aureus-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum-stress and death receptor-mediated pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112353. [PMID: 34034046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is acute uncontrolled inflammation of lung tissue that leads to high fatality both in human and animals. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) could be an opportunistic, versatile bacterial etiology of ALI. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) is extracted from the Panax ginseng, which displays a wide range of biological and pharmacological effects. However, protective effects of Rb1 in S. aureus-induced ALI though endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and death receptor-mediated pathways have not yet been reported. Therefore, present study was planned with the aims to investigate the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties of Rb1 through regulation of ER stress as well as death receptor-mediated pathways in ALI induced by S. aureus in mice. In this study, four groups of healthy Kunming mice (n = 48) were used. The S. aureus (80 µl; 1 ×107 CFU/10 µl) was administered intranasally to establish mice model of ALI. After 24 h of onset of S. aureus-induced ALI, the mice were injected thrice with Rb1 (40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally six hours apart. Histopathology, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Immunohistochemistry and western blotting assay were employed in the current study. Our results suggested that Rb1 administration save lungs from pulmonary injury by reducing wet to dry (W/D) ratio, protein levels, total cells, neutrophilic count, reactive oxygen species (ROS), myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx)1 depletion. Meanwhile, Rb1 therapy ameliorated histopathology alteration of lung tissue and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. The gene expression of ER stress marker (PERK, AFT-6, IRE1 and CHOP) were upregulated markedly (P < .05) in S. aureus-instilled groups, which was reduced by Rb1 administration that is reveled from the result findings of the RT-qPCR and immunoblot assay. The results of immunohistochemistry for CHOP indicated the increased expression in S. aureus groups which in turn ameliorated by Rb1 treatment. The mRNA expression demonstrated that death receptor-associated genes (FasL, Fas, FADD and caspase-8) showed up-regulation in S. aureus group. The similar findings were observed for the protein expression of caspase-8, FADD and Fas. Rb1 treatment markedly (P < .05) reversed protein and mRNA expression levels of these death receptor-associated genes when compared to the S. aureus group. Taken together, Rb1 attenuated S. aureus-induced oxidative damage via the ER stress-mediated pathway and apoptosis through death receptor-mediated pathway. Conclusively, our findings provide an insight into preventive mechanism of Rb1 in ALI caused by S. aureus and hence proven a scientific baseline for the therapeutic application of Rb1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Shaukat
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Irfan Shaukat
- Faculty of medicine, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Shahid Ali Rajput
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Rizwan Shukat
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition & Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Hanif
- Department of Physics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Kangfeng Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Akhtar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Imran Shaukat
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shadab Shaukat
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Talha Umar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Masood Akhtar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Liguo Yang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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4
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Shaukat A, Hanif S, Shaukat I, Shukat R, Rajput SA, Jiang K, Akhtar M, Yang Y, Guo S, Shaukat I, Akhtar M, Shaukat S, Yang L, Deng G. Upregulated-gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and apoptotic markers through inflammatory, oxidative and apoptosis mediated signaling pathways in Bovine Pneumonia. Microb Pathog 2021; 155:104935. [PMID: 33945855 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pneumonia is the acute inflammation of lung tissue and is multi-factorial in etiology. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a harmful pathogen present as a normal flora of skin and nares of dairy cattle. In bovine pneumonia, S. aureus triggers to activates Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), that further elicits the activation of the inflammation via NF-κB pathway, oxidative stress and apoptotic pathways. In the current study, pathogen-associated gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and apoptotic markers in the lung tissue of cattle was explored in bovine pneumonia. Fifty lung samples collected from abattoir located in Wuhan city, Hubei, China. Histopathologically, thickening of alveolar wall, accumulation of inflammatory cells and neutrophils in perivascular space, hyperemia, hemorrhages and edema were observed in infected lungs as compared to non-infected lung samples. Furthermore, molecular identification and characterization were carried by amplification of S. aureus-specific nuc gene (270 base pairs) from the infected and non-infected lung samples to identify the S. aureus. Moreover, qPCR results displayed that relative mRNA levels of TLR2, TLR4, pro-inflammatory gene (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and apoptosis-associated genes (Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9) were up-regulated except Bcl-2, which is antiapoptotic in nature, and oxidative stress related genes (Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1 and GCLC) which was down-regulated in infected pulmonary group. The relative protein expression of NF-κB, mitochondria-mediated apoptosis gene was up-regulated while Bcl-2 and Nrf2 pathway genes were downregulated in infected cattle lungs. Our findings revealed that genes expression levels of inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress and apoptosis were associated with host immunogenic regulatory mechanisms in the lung tissue during infection. Conclusively, the present study provides insights of active immune response via TLRs-mediated inflammatory, oxidative damage, and apoptotic paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Shaukat
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Sana Hanif
- Department of Physics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Shaukat
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Rizwan Shukat
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition & Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ali Rajput
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangfeng Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Muhammad Akhtar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaping Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Imran Shaukat
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Masood Akhtar
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shadab Shaukat
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Liguo Yang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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5
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Currie MG, Zimmer DP, Halushka PV. An impaired natriuretic peptide hormone system may play a role in COVID-19 severity in vulnerable populations. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:596-599. [PMID: 32838215 PMCID: PMC7436750 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced age, underlying cardiovascular disease (including hypertension), and obesity are associated with a higher risk of progression to severe hypoxemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and death in COVID-19-infected patients. African Americans have a higher degree of COVID-19 mortality. The incidence of salt-sensitive hypertension is higher in older individuals and African Americans. Lower circulating levels of natriuretic peptides, key regulators of vascular tone and kidney function, have been associated with salt-sensitive hypertension and obesity. Evidence has accumulated that ANP administered to pulmonary endothelial cells, isolated lungs, and patients suffering from ARDS reduces endothelial damage and preserves the endothelial barrier, thereby reducing pulmonary edema and inflammation. Epidemiologic and pharmacologic data suggest that deficiencies in the natriuretic peptide hormone system may contribute to the development of severe lung pathology in COVID-19 patients, and treatments that augment natriuretic peptide signaling may have potential to limit progression to ARDS.
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6
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Shaukat A, Yang C, Yang Y, Guo YF, Jiang K, Guo S, Liu J, Zhang T, Zhao G, Ma X, Wu Z, Zhou Q, Akhtar M, Zahoor A, Umar T, Shaukat I, Hanif S, Rajput SA, Hassan M, Mehmood K, Hua Z, Xiaoyan W, Nannan Y, Deng G. Ginsenoside Rb 1: A novel therapeutic agent in Staphylococcusaureus-induced Acute Lung Injury with special reference to Oxidative stress and Apoptosis. Microb Pathog 2020; 143:104109. [PMID: 32171710 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is considered as an uncontrolled inflammatory response that can leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which limits the therapeutic strategies. Ginsenosides Rb1 (Rb1), an active ingredient obtained from Panax ginseng, possesses a broad range of pharmacological and medicinal properties, comprising the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumor activities. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of Rb1 against S. aureus-induced (ALI) through regulation of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathways in mice (in-vivo), and RAW264.7 cells (in-vitro). For that purpose, forty Kunming mice were randomly assigned into four treatment groups; (1) Control group (phosphate buffer saline (PBS); (2) S. aureus group; (3) S. aureus + Rb1 (20 mg/kg) group; and (4) Rb1 (20 mg/kg) group. The 20 μg/mL dose of Rb1 was used in RAW264.7 cells. In the present study, we found that Rb1 treatment reduced ALI-induced oxidative stress via suppressing the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and increase the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxidase dismutase 1 (SOD1), Catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1). Similarly, Rb1 markedly increased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of antioxidant genes (SOD1, CAT and Gpx1) in comparison with ALI group. The histopathological results showed that Rb1 treatment ameliorated ALI-induced hemorrhages, hyperemia, perivascular edema and neutrophilic infiltration in the lungs of mice. Furthermore, Rb1 enhanced the antioxidant defense system through activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Our findings showed that Rb1 treated group significantly up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2 and its downstream associated genes down-regulated by ALI in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, ALI significantly increased the both mRNA and protein expression of mitochondrial-apoptosis-related genes (Bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, cytochrome c and p53), while decreased the Bcl-2. In addition, Rb1 therapy significantly reversed the mRNA and protein expression of these mitochondrial-apoptosis-related genes, as compared to the ALI group in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, Rb1 alleviates ALI-induced oxidative injury and apoptosis by modulating the Nrf2 and mitochondrial signaling pathways in the lungs of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Shaukat
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Fang Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China; College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Akhtar
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Arshad Zahoor
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Talha Umar
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Irfan Shaukat
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | | | - Shahid Ali Rajput
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Mubashar Hassan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- University College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Zhang Hua
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Xiaoyan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Nannan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Marzec J, Cho HY, High M, McCaw ZR, Polack F, Kleeberger SR. Toll-like receptor 4-mediated respiratory syncytial virus disease and lung transcriptomics in differentially susceptible inbred mouse strains. Physiol Genomics 2019; 51:630-643. [PMID: 31736414 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00101.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants, young children, and susceptible adults. The pathogenesis of RSV disease is not fully understood, although toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-related innate immune response is known to play a role. The present study was designed to determine TLR4-mediated disease phenotypes and lung transcriptomics and to elucidate transcriptional mechanisms underlying differential RSV susceptibility in inbred strains of mice. Dominant negative Tlr4 mutant (C3H/HeJ, HeJ, Tlr4Lps-d) and its wild-type (C3H/HeOuJ, OuJ, Tlr4Lps-n) mice and five genetically diverse, differentially responsive strains bearing the wild-type Tlr4Lps-n allele were infected with RSV. Bronchoalveolar lavage, histopathology, and genome-wide transcriptomics were used to characterize the pulmonary response to RSV. RSV-induced lung neutrophilia [1 day postinfection (pi)], epithelial proliferation (1 day pi), and lymphocytic infiltration (5 days pi) were significantly lower in HeJ compared with OuJ mice. Pulmonary RSV expression was also significantly suppressed in HeJ than in OuJ. Upregulation of immune/inflammatory (Cxcl3, Saa1) and heat shock protein (Hspa1a, Hsph1) genes was characteristic of OuJ mice, while cell cycle and cell death/survival genes were modulated in HeJ mice following RSV infection. Strain-specific transcriptomics suggested virus-responsive (Oasl1, Irg1, Mx1) and epidermal differentiation complex (Krt4, Lce3a) genes may contribute to TLR4-independent defense against RSV in resistant strains including C57BL/6J. The data indicate that TLR4 contributes to pulmonary RSV pathogenesis and activation of cellular immunity, the inflammasome complex, and vascular damage underlies it. Distinct transcriptomics in differentially responsive Tlr4-wild-type strains provide new insights into the mechanism of RSV disease and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqui Marzec
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Hye-Youn Cho
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Monica High
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.,Curriculum in Toxicology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Zachary R McCaw
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Fernando Polack
- Fundación INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Steven R Kleeberger
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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8
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Karki P, Birukov KG. Rho and Reactive Oxygen Species at Crossroads of Endothelial Permeability and Inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1009-1022. [PMID: 31126187 PMCID: PMC6765062 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Increased endothelial permeability and inflammation are two major hallmarks of the life-threatening conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis. There is a growing consensus in the field that the Rho family of small guanosine triphosphates are critical regulators of endothelial function at both physiological and pathological states. A basal level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis, vascular tone, and angiogenesis; however, excessive ROS generation impairs endothelial function and promotes lung inflammation. In this review, we will focus on the role of Rho in control of endothelial function and also briefly discuss a nexus between ROS generation and Rho activation during endothelial dysfunction. Recent Advances: Extensive studies in the past decades have established that a wide range of barrier-disruptive and proinflammatory agonists activate the Rho pathway that, ultimately, leads to endothelial dysfunction via disruption of endothelial barrier and further escalation of inflammation. An increasing body of evidence suggests that a bidirectional interplay exists between the Rho pathway and ROS generation during endothelial dysfunction. Rac, a member of the Rho family, is directly involved in ROS production and ROS, in turn, activate RhoA, Rac, and Cdc42. Critical Issues: A precise mechanism of interaction between ROS generation and Rho activation and its impact on endothelial function needs to be elucidated. Future Directions: By employing advanced molecular techniques, the sequential cascades in the Rho-ROS crosstalk signaling axis need to be explored. The therapeutic potential of the Rho pathway inhibitors in endothelial-dysfunction associated cardiopulmonary disorders needs to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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9
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Karki P, Ke Y, Tian Y, Ohmura T, Sitikov A, Sarich N, Montgomery CP, Birukova AA. Staphylococcus aureus-induced endothelial permeability and inflammation are mediated by microtubule destabilization. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:3369-3384. [PMID: 30622143 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major etiological agent of sepsis and induces endothelial cell (EC) barrier dysfunction and inflammation, two major hallmarks of acute lung injury. However, the molecular mechanisms of bacterial pathogen-induced EC barrier disruption are incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the role of microtubules (MT) in the mechanisms of EC barrier compromise caused by heat-killed S. aureus (HKSA). Using a customized monolayer permeability assay in human pulmonary EC and MT fractionation, we observed that HKSA-induced barrier disruption is accompanied by MT destabilization and increased histone deacetylase-6 (HDAC6) activity resulting from elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Molecular or pharmacological HDAC6 inhibition rescued barrier function in HKSA-challenged vascular endothelium. The HKSA-induced EC permeability was associated with impaired MT-mediated delivery of cytoplasmic linker-associated protein 2 (CLASP2) to the cell periphery, limiting its interaction with adherens junction proteins. HKSA-induced EC barrier dysfunction was also associated with increased Rho GTPase activity via activation of MT-bound Rho-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor-H1 (GEF-H1) and was abolished by HDAC6 down-regulation. HKSA activated the NF-κB proinflammatory pathway and increased the expression of intercellular and vascular cell adhesion molecules in EC, an effect that was also HDAC6-dependent and mediated, at least in part, by a GEF-H1/Rho-dependent mechanism. Of note, HDAC6 knockout mice or HDAC6 inhibitor-treated WT mice were partially protected from vascular leakage and inflammation caused by both HKSA or methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Our results indicate that S. aureus-induced, ROS-dependent up-regulation of HDAC6 activity destabilizes MT and thereby activates the GEF-H1/Rho pathway, increasing both EC permeability and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Yunbo Ke
- the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Yufeng Tian
- the Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and
| | - Tomomi Ohmura
- the Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and
| | - Albert Sitikov
- the Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and
| | - Nicolene Sarich
- the Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and
| | - Christopher P Montgomery
- the Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and.,the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205
| | - Anna A Birukova
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201,
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Allam O, Samarani S, Mehraj V, Jenabian MA, Tremblay C, Routy JP, Amre D, Ahmad A. HIV induces production of IL-18 from intestinal epithelial cells that increases intestinal permeability and microbial translocation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194185. [PMID: 29601578 PMCID: PMC5877838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a pleiotropic cytokine of the IL-1 family with multiple context dependent functions. We and others have shown that HIV infection is accompanied by increased circulating levels of IL-18 along with decreased levels of its antagonist, Interleukin-18 Binding Protein (IL-18BP). The infection is also accompanied by intestinal inflammation and decreased intestinal integrity as measured by intestinal permeability, regeneration and repair. However, little is known concerning the relation between high level of IL-18 associated with the viral infection and intestinal permeability. Here we demonstrate that HIV treatment increases production of IL-18 and decreases that of IL-18BP production in human intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) lines. IL-18 causes apoptosis of the IEC by activating caspase-1 and caspase-3. It induces epithelial barrier hyperpermeability by decreasing and disrupting both tight and adherens junction proteins, occludin, claudin 2 and beta-catenin. Disorganization of F-actin was also observed in the IEC that were exposed to the cytokine. Moreover IL-18 decreases transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in Caco-2 and increases permeability in HT29 monolayers. The cells' treatment with IL-18 causes an increase in the expression of phosphorylated myosin II regulatory light-chain (p-MLC) and myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK), and a decrease in phosphorylated Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (p-STAT)-5. This increase in p-MLC is suppressed by a Rho-kinase (ROCK)-specific inhibitor. Interestingly, the levels of the cytokine correlate with those of LPS in the circulation in three different categories of HIV infected patients (HAART-naïve and HAART-treated HIV-infected individuals, and Elite controls) as well as in healthy controls. Collectively, these results suggest that the HIV-induced IL-18 plays a role in increased intestinal permeability and microbial translocation observed in HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ossama Allam
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, CHU Ste-Justine Research Center/Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Suzanne Samarani
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, CHU Ste-Justine Research Center/Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vikram Mehraj
- Division of Hematology & Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Cecile Tremblay
- CHUM/ Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Division of Hematology & Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Devendra Amre
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center/Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ali Ahmad
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, CHU Ste-Justine Research Center/Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Prasad T, Roksnoer LCW, Zhu P, Verma A, Li Y, Batenburg WW, de Vries R, Danser AHJ, Li Q. Beneficial Effects of Combined AT1 Receptor/Neprilysin Inhibition (ARNI) Versus AT1 Receptor Blockade Alone in the Diabetic Eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:6722-6730. [PMID: 27951594 PMCID: PMC5156511 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dysfunction of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) contributes to pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Yet RAS blockers have only limited beneficial effects on progression of DR in clinical trials. The natriuretic peptide system offsets RAS, so that enhancing the activity of this system on top of RAS blockade might be beneficial. Neprilysin has an important role in the degradation of natriuretic peptides. Therefore, we hypothesize that dual angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibition (ARNI) may outperform angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) in protection against DR. We tested this hypothesis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic transgenic (mRen2)27 rats. Methods Adult male diabetic (mRen2)27 rats were followed for 5 or 12 weeks. Treatment with vehicle, irbesartan (ARB), or ARB combined with the neprilysin inhibitor thiorphan (irbesartan+thiorphan [ARNI]) occurred during the final 3 weeks. Retinal cell death, gliosis, and capillary loss were evaluated. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses were performed to quantify the retinal level of inflammatory cell markers. Results Both ARB- and ARNI-treated groups showed similarly reduced retinal apoptotic cell death, gliosis, and capillary loss compared to the vehicle-treated group in the 5-week study. Treatment with ARNI reduced the expression of inflammatory markers more than ARB treatment in the 5-week study. In the 12-week study, ARNI treatment showed significantly more reduction in apoptotic cell death (51% vs. 25% reduction), and capillary loss (68% vs. 43% reduction) than ARB treatment. Conclusions Treatment with ARNI provides better protection against DR in diabetic (mRen2)27 transgenic rats, compared to ARB alone. This approach may be a promising treatment option for patients with DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhina Prasad
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Lodi C W Roksnoer
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Amrisha Verma
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Wendy W Batenburg
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René de Vries
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Qiuhong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
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12
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Lipoteichoic acids as a major virulence factor causing inflammatory responses via Toll-like receptor 2. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:1519-1529. [PMID: 27498542 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0804-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a major cell wall component of Gram-positive bacteria, is associated with various inflammatory diseases ranging from minor skin diseases to severe sepsis. It is known that LTA is recognized by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), leading to the initiation of innate immune responses and further development of adaptive immunity. However, excessive immune responses may result in the inflammatory sequelae that are involved in severe diseases such as sepsis. Although numerous studies have tried to identify the molecular basis for the pathophysiology of Gram-positive bacterial infection, the exact role of LTA during the infection has not been clearly elucidated. This review provides an overview of LTA structure and host recognition by TLR2 that leads to the activation of innate immune responses. Emphasis is placed on differential immunostimulating activities of LTAs of various Gram-positive bacteria at the molecular level.
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13
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Nogo-B protects mice against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12061. [PMID: 26174362 PMCID: PMC4502524 DOI: 10.1038/srep12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nogo-B, a member of the reticulon 4 protein family, plays a critical role in tissue repair and acute inflammation. Its role in acute lung injury (ALI) remains unclear. Here, we assessed the function of Nogo-B during tissue injury in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mouse model. We found that pulmonary Nogo-B was significantly repressed after LPS instillation in C57BL/6 mice. Over-expression of pulmonary Nogo-B using an adenovirus vector carrying the Nogo-B-RFP-3flag gene (Ad-Nogo-B) significantly prolonged the survival of mice challenged with a lethal dose of LPS. The Ad-Nogo-B-treated mice also had less severe lung injury, less alveolar protein exudation, and a higher number of macrophages but less neutrophil infiltration compared with Ad-RFP-treated mice. Interestingly, microarray analysis showed that the Ad-Nogo-B-treated mice had different gene expression profiles compared with the controls and the prominent expression of genes related to wound healing and the humoral immune response after LPS induction. Of the 49 differently expressed genes, we found that the expression of PTX3 was significantly up-regulated following Nogo-B over-expression as observed in lung tissues and RAW264.7 cells. In conclusion, Nogo-B plays a protective role against LPS-induced ALI, and this effect might be exerted through the modulation of alveolar macrophage recruitment and PTX3 production.
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Mitaka C, Si MKH, Tulafu M, Yu Q, Uchida T, Abe S, Kitagawa M, Ikeda S, Eishi Y, Tomita M. Effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on inter-organ crosstalk among the kidney, lung, and heart in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Intensive Care Med Exp 2014; 2:28. [PMID: 26266925 PMCID: PMC4513012 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-014-0028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common cause of acute kidney injury and a frequent occurrence in critically ill patients. Renal IRI releases proinflammatory cytokines within the kidney that induce crosstalk between the kidney and other organ systems. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has anti-inflammatory as well as natriuretic effects and serves important functions as a regulator of blood pressure, fluid homeostasis, and inflammation. The objective of the present study was to elucidate whether ANP post-treatment attenuates kidney-lung-heart crosstalk in a rat model of renal IRI. Methods In experiment I, a rat model of unilateral renal IRI with mechanical ventilation was prepared by clamping the left renal pedicle for 30 min. Five minutes after clamping, saline or ANP (0.2 μg/kg/min) was infused. The hemodynamics, arterial blood gases, and plasma concentrations of lactate and potassium were measured at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 h after declamping. The mRNA expression and localization of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in the kidney, lung, and heart were examined. In experiment II, a rat model of bilateral renal IRI without mechanical ventilation was prepared by clamping bilateral renal pedicles for 30 min. Thirty minutes after clamping, lactated Ringer's (LR) solution or ANP (0.2 μg/kg/min) was infused. Plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were determined at baseline and at 3 h after declamping. Results In unilateral IRI rats with mechanical ventilation, ANP inhibited the following changes induced by IRI: metabolic acidosis; pulmonary edema; increases in lactate, creatinine, and potassium; and increases in the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the kidney and lung and IL-1β and IL-6 in the heart. It also attenuated the histological localization of TNF-α, IL-6, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB in the kidney and lung. In bilateral IRI rats without mechanical ventilation, ANP attenuated the IRI-induced increases of the plasma concentrations of potassium, IL-1β, and IL-6. Conclusions Renal IRI induced injury in remote organs including the lung and the contralateral kidney. ANP post-treatment ameliorated injuries in these organs by direct tissue protective effect and anti-inflammatory effects, which potentially inhibited inter-organ crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Mitaka
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan,
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15
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Hrincius ER, Liedmann S, Finkelstein D, Vogel P, Gansebom S, Ehrhardt C, Ludwig S, Hains DS, Webby R, McCullers JA. Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1)-mediated inhibition of c-Abl results in acute lung injury and priming for bacterial co-infections: insights into 1918 H1N1 pandemic? J Infect Dis 2014; 211:1418-28. [PMID: 25367299 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) proteins from avian influenza viruses like the 1918 pandemic NS1 are capable of inhibiting the key signaling integrator c-Abl (Abl1), resulting in massive cytopathic cell alterations. METHODS In the current study, we addressed the consequences of NS1-mediated alteration of c-Abl on acute lung injury and pathogenicity in an in vivo mouse model. RESULTS Comparing isogenic strains that differ only in their ability to inhibit c-Abl, we observed elevated pathogenicity for the c-Abl-inhibiting virus. NS1-mediated blockade of c-Abl resulted in severe lung pathology and massive edema formation and facilitated secondary bacterial pneumonia. This phenotype was independent of differences in replication and immune responses, defining it as an NS1 virulence mechanism distinct from its canonical functions. Microarray analysis revealed extensive downregulation of genes involved in cell integrity and vascular endothelial regulation. CONCLUSIONS NS1 protein-mediated blockade of c-Abl signaling drives acute lung injury and primes for bacterial coinfections revealing potential insights into the pathogenicity of the 1918 pandemic virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swantje Liedmann
- Institute of Molecular Virology, University of Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | | | | | - Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Molecular Virology, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - David S Hains
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis
| | | | - Jonathan A McCullers
- Department of Infectious Diseases Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis
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Role of microtubules in attenuation of PepG-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction by atrial natriuretic peptide. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:104-19. [PMID: 25445540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Apart from control of circulating fluid, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in the lung. However, molecular mechanisms of ANP anti-inflammatory effects are not well-understood. Peripheral microtubule (MT) dynamics is essential for agonist-induced regulation of vascular endothelial permeability. Here we studied the role of MT-dependent signaling in ANP protective effects against endothelial cell (EC) barrier dysfunction and acute lung injury induced by Staphylococcus aureus-derived peptidoglican-G (PepG). PepG-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction was accompanied by MT destabilization and disruption of MT network. ANP attenuated PepG-induced MT disassembly, NFκB signaling and activity of MT-associated Rho activator GEF-H1 leading to attenuation of EC inflammatory activation reflected by expression of adhesion molecules ICAM1 and VCAM1. ANP-induced EC barrier preservation and MT stabilization were linked to phosphorylation and inactivation of MT-depolymerizing protein stathmin. Expression of stathmin phosphorylation-deficient mutant abolished ANP protective effects against PepG-induced inflammation and EC permeability. In contrast, siRNA-mediated stathmin knockdown prevented PepG-induced peripheral MT disassembly and endothelial barrier dysfunction. ANP protective effects in a murine model of PepG-induced lung injury were associated with increased phosphorylation of stathmin, while exacerbated lung injury in the ANP knockout mice was accompanied by decreased pool of stable MT. Stathmin knockdown in vivo reversed exacerbation of lung injury in the ANP knockout mice. These results show a novel MT-mediated mechanism of endothelial barrier protection by ANP in pulmonary EC and animal model of PepG-induced lung injury via stathmin-dependent control of MT assembly.
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Stolz D, Meyer A, Rakic J, Boeck L, Scherr A, Tamm M. Mortality risk prediction in COPD by a prognostic biomarker panel. Eur Respir J 2014; 44:1557-70. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00043814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disease with various phenotypes. The simultaneous determination of multiple biomarkers reflecting different pathobiological pathways could be useful in identifying individuals with an increased risk of death.We derived and validated a combination of three biomarkers (adrenomedullin, arginine vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide), assessed in plasma samples of 385 patients, to estimate mortality risk in stable COPD. Biomarkers were analysed in combination and defined as high or low.In the derivation cohort (n = 142), there were 73 deaths during the 5-year follow-up. Crude hazard ratios for mortality were 3.0 (95% CI 1.8–5.1) for one high biomarker, 4.8 (95% CI 2.4–9.5) for two biomarkers and 9.6 (95% CI 3.3–28.3) for three high biomarkers compared with no elevated biomarkers. In the validation cohort (n = 243), 87 individuals died. Corresponding hazard ratios were 1.9 (95% CI 1.1–3.3), 3.1 (95% CI 1.8–5.4) and 5.4 (95% CI 2.5–11.4). Multivariable adjustment for clinical variables as well as the BODE (body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnoea, exercise capacity) index and stratification by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stages provided consistent results. The addition of the panel of three biomarkers to the BODE index generated a net reclassification improvement of 57.9% (95% CI 21.7–92.4%) and 45.9% (95% CI 13.9–75.7%) at 3 and 5 years, respectively.Simultaneously elevated levels of adrenomedullin, arginine vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide are associated with increased risk of death in patients with stable COPD.
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Nojiri T, Hosoda H, Tokudome T, Miura K, Ishikane S, Kimura T, Shintani Y, Inoue M, Sawabata N, Miyazato M, Okumura M, Kangawa K. Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2014; 29:24-30. [PMID: 24462877 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We recently reported that administration of atrial natriuretic peptide during the perioperative period has prophylactic effects with respect to not only cardiovascular but also respiratory complications following pulmonary resection. However, its mechanisms are not well understood. The objective of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of the prophylactic effects of atrial natriuretic peptide in an acute lung injury model. METHODS For the evaluation of the early phase of pulmonary inflammation, in vitro and in vivo studies using lipopolysaccharide were used. In the in vitro study, the effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on the induction of E-selectin by lipopolysaccharide in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells were evaluated. In the in vivo study, the effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine levels including tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the lungs of C57/B6 mice were examined. The number of myeloperoxidase-positive staining cells in the tissue sections of the lung of lipopolysaccharide-administered C57/B6 mice was also evaluated. RESULTS Atrial natriuretic peptide significantly attenuated the up-regulation of E-selectin expression induced by lipopolysaccharide in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells. There were significantly lower cell counts and levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of atrial natriuretic peptide-treated mice compared to control mice after lipopolysaccharide injection. In addition, there were significantly fewer myeloperoxidase-positive cells in atrial natriuretic peptide-treated mice than in control mice after lipopolysaccharide injection. CONCLUSIONS Atrial natriuretic peptide had a protective effect in the lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury model. Atrial natriuretic peptide may be of value in therapeutic strategies aimed at the treatment of acute lung injury such as pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nojiri
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan; Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Hosoda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokudome
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Miura
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin Ishikane
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Kimura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Inoue
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Sawabata
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikiya Miyazato
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Meinoshin Okumura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Kangawa
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
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Tian X, Tian Y, Gawlak G, Sarich N, Wu T, Birukova AA. Control of vascular permeability by atrial natriuretic peptide via a GEF-H1-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:5168-83. [PMID: 24352660 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.493924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule (MT) dynamics is involved in a variety of cell functions, including control of the endothelial cell (EC) barrier. Release of Rho-specific nucleotide exchange factor GEF-H1 from microtubules activates the Rho pathway of EC permeability. In turn, pathologic vascular leak can be prevented by treatment with atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). This study investigated a novel mechanism of vascular barrier protection by ANP via modulation of GEF-H1 function. In pulmonary ECs, ANP suppressed thrombin-induced disassembly of peripheral MT and attenuated Rho signaling and cell retraction. ANP effects were mediated by the Rac1 GTPase effector PAK1. Activation of Rac1-PAK1 promoted PAK1 interaction with the Rho activator GEF-H1, inducing phosphorylation of total and MT-bound GEF-H1 and leading to attenuation of Rho-dependent actin remodeling. In vivo, ANP attenuated lung injury caused by excessive mechanical ventilation and TRAP peptide (TRAP/HTV), which was further exacerbated in ANP(-/-) mice. The protective effects of ANP against TRAP/HTV-induced lung injury were linked to the increased pool of stabilized MT and inactivation of Rho signaling via ANP-induced, PAK1-dependent inhibitory phosphorylation of GEF-H1. This study demonstrates a novel protective mechanism of ANP against pathologic hyperpermeability and suggests a novel pharmacological intervention for the prevention of increased vascular leak via PAK1-dependent modulation of GEF-H1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyong Tian
- From the Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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20
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Darwish I, Liles WC. Emerging therapeutic strategies to prevent infection-related microvascular endothelial activation and dysfunction. Virulence 2013; 4:572-82. [PMID: 23863603 PMCID: PMC5359747 DOI: 10.4161/viru.25740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that loss of endothelial barrier function and resulting microvascular leak play important mechanistic roles in the pathogenesis of infection-related end-organ dysfunction and failure. Several distinct therapeutic strategies, designed to prevent or limit infection-related microvascular endothelial activation and permeability, thereby mitigating end-organ injury/dysfunction, have recently been investigated in pre-clinical models. In this review, these potential therapeutic strategies, namely, VEGFR2/Src antagonists, sphingosine-1-phosphate agonists, fibrinopeptide Bβ15–42, slit2N, secinH3, angiopoietin-1/tie-2 agonists, angiopoietin-2 antagonists, statins, atrial natriuretic peptide, and mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells, are discussed in terms of their translational potential for the management of clinical infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyse Darwish
- University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Wu T, Xing J, Birukova AA. Cell-type-specific crosstalk between p38 MAPK and Rho signaling in lung micro- and macrovascular barrier dysfunction induced by Staphylococcus aureus-derived pathogens. Transl Res 2013; 162:45-55. [PMID: 23571093 PMCID: PMC4075464 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lung inflammation and alterations in endothelial cell (EC) micro- and macrovascular permeability are key events to development of acute lung injury. Using ECs derived from human pulmonary artery and lung microvasculature, we investigated the interplay between p38 stress mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Rho guanosine triphosphatase signaling in inflammatory and hyperpermeability responses. Both cell types were treated with Staphylococcus aureus-derived peptidoglycan (PepG) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) with or without pretreatment with p38 MAPK or Rho kinase inhibitors. LTA and PepG increased permeability markedly in both pulmonary macrovascular and microvascular ECs. Agonist-induced hyperpermeability was accompanied by cytoskeletal remodeling, disruption of cell-cell contacts, formation of paracellular gaps, and activation of p38 MAPK, nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB), and Rho/Rho kinase signaling. In macrovascular ECs, pharmacologic inhibition of Rho kinase with Y27632 suppressed p38 MAP kinase cascade activation significantly, whereas inhibition of p38 MAPK with SB203580 had no effect on Rho activation. In contrast, inhibition of p38 MAPK in microvascular ECs suppressed LTA/PepG-induced activation of Rho, whereas the Rho inhibitor suppressed activation of p38 MAPK. Inhibition of either p38 MAPK or Rho kinase attenuated activation of NFκB signaling substantially. These results demonstrate cell-type-specific differences in signaling induced by Staphylococcus aureus-derived pathogens in pulmonary endothelium. Thus, although Gram-positive bacterial compounds caused barrier dysfunction in both EC types, it was induced by a different pattern of crosstalk between Rho, p38 MAPK, and NFκB signaling. These observations may have important implications in defining microvasculature-specific therapeutic strategies aimed at the treatment of sepsis and acute lung injury induced by Gram-positive bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghuai Wu
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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22
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Armstrong SM, Mubareka S, Lee WL. The lung microvascular endothelium as a therapeutic target in severe influenza. Antiviral Res 2013; 99:113-8. [PMID: 23685311 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Severe infections with influenza virus are characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a life-threatening disorder in which the alveolocapillary membrane in the lung becomes leaky. This leads to alveolar flooding, hypoxemia and respiratory failure. Recent data suggest that influenza virus can exert both direct and indirect effects on the lung endothelium, activating it and inducing microvascular leak. These findings raise the possibility that enhancing lung endothelial barrier integrity or modulating lung endothelial activation may prove therapeutically useful for severe influenza. In this paper, we review evidence that lung endothelial activation and vascular leak are a "final common pathway" in severe influenza, as has been reported in bacterial sepsis, and that enhancing endothelial barrier function may improve the outcome of illness. We describe a number of experimental therapies that have shown promise in preventing or reversing increased vascular leak in animal models of sepsis or influenza.
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Nojiri T, Inoue M, Maeda H, Takeuchi Y, Sawabata N, Shintani Y, Yamamoto K, Okumura M. Retracted: Low-dose human atrial natriuretic peptide for the prevention of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients undergoing lung cancer surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 44:98-103. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezs646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nojiri
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Toneyama Hospital, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Inoue
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hajime Maeda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Toneyama Hospital, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukiyasu Takeuchi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Toneyama Hospital, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Sawabata
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Meinoshin Okumura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Klinger JR, Tsai SW, Green S, Grinnell KL, Machan JT, Harrington EO. Atrial natriuretic peptide attenuates agonist-induced pulmonary edema in mice with targeted disruption of the gene for natriuretic peptide receptor-A. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012. [PMID: 23195629 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01249.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) inhibits agonist-induced pulmonary edema formation, but the signaling pathway responsible is not well defined. To investigate the role of the particulate guanylate cyclase-linked receptor, natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A), we measured acute lung injury responses in intact mice and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVEC) with normal and disrupted expression of NPR-A. NPR-A wild-type (NPR-A+/+), heterozygous (NPR-A+/-), and knockout (NPR-A-/-) mice were anesthetized and treated with thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Lung injury was assessed by lung wet-to-dry (W/D) weight and by protein and cell concentration of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. No difference in pulmonary edema formation was seen between NPR-A genotypes under baseline conditions. TRAP and LPS increased lung W/D weight and BAL fluid cell counts more in NPR-A-/- mice than in NPR-A+/- or NPR-A+/+ mice, but no genotype-related differences were seen in TRAP-induced increases in bloodless lung W/D weight or LPS-induced increases in BAL protein concentration. Pretreatment with ANP infusion completely blocked TRAP-induced increases in lung W/D weight and blunted LPS-induced increases in BAL cell counts and protein concentration in both NPR-A-/- and NPR-A+/+ mice. Thrombin decreased transmembrane electrical resistance in monolayers of PMVECs in vitro, and this effect was attenuated by ANP in PMVECs isolated from both genotypes. Administration of the NPR-C-specific ligand, cANF, also blocked TRAP-induced increases in lung W/D weight and LPS-induced increases in BAL cell count and protein concentration in NPR-A+/+ and NPR-A-/- mice. We conclude that ANP is capable of attenuating agonist-induced lung edema in the absence of NPR-A. The protective effect of ANP on agonist-induced lung injury and pulmonary barrier function may be mediated by NPR-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Klinger
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.
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25
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Lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus induces lung endothelial cell barrier dysfunction: role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49209. [PMID: 23166614 PMCID: PMC3499573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tunneled central venous catheters (TCVCs) are used for dialysis access in 82% of new hemodialysis patients and are rapidly colonized with Gram-positive organism (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus) biofilm, a source of recurrent infections and chronic inflammation. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a cell wall ribitol polymer from Gram-positive organisms, mediates inflammation through the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). The effect of LTA on lung endothelial permeability is not known. We tested the hypothesis that LTA from Staphylococcus aureus induces alterations in the permeability of pulmonary microvessel endothelial monolayers (PMEM) that result from activation of TLR2 and are mediated by reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS). The permeability of PMEM was assessed by the clearance rate of Evans blue-labeled albumin, the activation of the TLR2 pathway was assessed by Western blot, and the generation of RONS was measured by the fluorescence of oxidized dihydroethidium and a dichlorofluorescein derivative. Treatment with LTA or the TLR2 agonist Pam(3)CSK(4) induced significant increases in albumin permeability, IκBα phosphorylation, IRAK1 degradation, RONS generation, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation (as measured by the p-eNOSser1177:p-eNOSthr495 ratio). The effects on permeability and RONS were effectively prevented by co-administration of the superoxide scavenger Tiron, the peroxynitrite scavenger Urate, or the eNOS inhibitor L-NAME and these effects as well as eNOS activation were reduced or prevented by pretreatment with an IRAK1/4 inhibitor. The results indicate that the activation of TLR2 and the generation of ROS/RNS mediates LTA-induced barrier dysfunction in PMEM.
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26
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Dahrouj M, Alsarraf O, Liu Y, Crosson CE, Ablonczy Z. C-type natriuretic peptide protects the retinal pigment epithelium against advanced glycation end product-induced barrier dysfunction. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 344:96-102. [PMID: 23086231 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.199307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In diabetic retinopathy, vision loss is usually secondary to macular edema, which is thought to depend on the functional integrity of the blood-retina barrier. The levels of advanced glycation end products in the vitreous correlate with the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Natriuretic peptides (NP) are expressed in the eye and their receptors are present in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Here, we investigated the effect of glycated-albumin (Glyc-alb), an advanced glycation end product model, on RPE-barrier function and the ability of NP to suppress this response. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements were used to assess the barrier function of ARPE-19 and human fetal RPE (hfRPE) monolayers. The monolayers were treated with 0.1-100 μg/ml Glyc-alb in the absence or presence of 1 pM to 100 nM apical atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), or C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). Glyc-alb induced a significant reduction in TEER within 2 hours. This response was concentration-dependent (EC(50)= 2.3 μg/ml) with a maximal reduction of 40 ± 2% for ARPE-19 and 27 ± 7% for hfRPE at 100 μg/ml 6 hours post-treatment. One hour pretreatment with ANP, BNP, or CNP blocked the reduction in TEER induced by Glyc-alb (100 μg/ml). The suppression of the Glyc-alb response by NP was dependent on the generation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate and exhibited a rank order of agonist potency consistent with the activation of natriuretic-peptide-receptor-2 (NPR2) subtype (CNP >> BNP ≥ ANP). Our data demonstrate that Glyc-alb is effective in reducing RPE-barrier function, and this response is suppressed by NP. Moreover, these studies support the idea that NPR2 agonists can be potential candidates for treating retinal edema in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Dahrouj
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Storm Eye Institute, 167 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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27
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Abstract
The cardiac hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is critically involved in the maintenance of arterial blood pressure and intravascular volume homeostasis. Its cGMP-producing GC-A receptor is densely expressed in the microvascular endothelium of the lung and systemic circulation, but the functional relevance is controversial. Some studies reported that ANP stimulates endothelial cell permeability, whereas others described that the peptide attenuates endothelial barrier dysfunction provoked by inflammatory agents such as thrombin or histamine. Many studies in vitro addressed the effects of ANP on endothelial proliferation and migration. Again, both pro- and anti-angiogenic properties were described. To unravel the role of the endothelial actions of ANP in vivo, we inactivated the murine GC-A gene selectively in endothelial cells by homologous loxP/Cre-mediated recombination. Our studies in these mice indicate that ANP, via endothelial GC-A, increases endothelial albumin permeability in the microcirculation of the skin and skeletal muscle. This effect is critically involved in the endocrine hypovolaemic, hypotensive actions of the cardiac hormone. On the other hand the homologous GC-A-activating B-type NP (BNP), which is produced by cardiac myocytes and many other cell types in response to stressors such as hypoxia, possibly exerts more paracrine than endocrine actions. For instance, within the ischaemic skeletal muscle BNP released from activated satellite cells can improve the regeneration of neighbouring endothelia. This review will focus on recent advancements in our understanding of endothelial NP/GC-A signalling in the pulmonary versus systemic circulation. It will discuss possible mechanisms accounting for the discrepant observations made for the endothelial actions of this hormone-receptor system and distinguish between (patho)physiological and pharmacological actions. Lastly it will emphasize the potential therapeutical implications derived from the actions of NPs on endothelial permeability and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kuhn
- Physiologisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Nakamura H, Fang J, Mizukami T, Nunoi H, Maeda H. PEGylated D-amino acid oxidase restores bactericidal activity of neutrophils in chronic granulomatous disease via hypochlorite. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:703-8. [PMID: 22715431 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.011360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) causes impaired hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) generation. Consequently, neutrophils in patients with CGD fail to kill infecting pathogens. We expected that supplementation with H(2)O(2) would effectively restore the bactericidal function of neutrophils in CGD. Here, we used polyethylene glycol-conjugated D-amino acid oxidase (PEG-DAO) as an H(2)O(2) source. The enzyme DAO generates H(2)O(2) by using D-amino acid and oxygen as substrates. PEG-DAO plus D-amino acid indeed exerted bacteriostatic activity against Staphylococcus aureus via H(2)O(2) in vitro. Furthermore, use of PEG-DAO plus D-amino acids, which increased the amount of intracellular H(2)O(2), restored bactericidal activity of neutrophils treated with diphenylene iodonium, in which nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase was defective. This restoration of bactericidal activity was mediated by myeloperoxidase, with concomitant production of H(2)O(2) by PEG-DAO plus D-Ala. We also confirmed that PEG-DAO treatment restored bactericidal activity of congenitally defective neutrophils from patients with CGD. These results indicate that PEG-DAO can supply additional H(2)O(2) for defective NADPH oxidase of neutrophils from patients with CGD, and thus neutrophils regain bactericidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Oncology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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29
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Xing J, Yakubov B, Poroyko V, Birukova AA. Opposite effects of ANP receptors in attenuation of LPS-induced endothelial permeability and lung injury. Microvasc Res 2011; 83:194-9. [PMID: 22001395 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has been recently identified as a modulator of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by pro-inflammatory agonists. While previous studies tested effects of exogenous ANP administration, the role of endogenous ANP in the course of ALI remains unexplored. This study examined regulation of ANP and its receptors NPR-A, NPR-B and NPR-C by LPS and involvement of ANP receptors in the modulation of LPS-induced lung injury. Primary cultures of human pulmonary endothelial cells (EC) were used in the in vitro tests. Expression of ANP and its receptors was determined by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Agonist-induced cytoskeletal remodeling was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining, and EC barrier function was characterized by measurements of transendothelial electrical resistance. In the murine model of ALI, LPS-induced lung injury was assessed by measurements of protein concentration and cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL). LPS stimulation significantly increased mRNA expression levels of ANP and NPR-A in pulmonary EC. Pharmacological inhibition of NPR-A augmented LPS-induced EC permeability and blocked barrier protective effects of exogenous ANP on LPS-induced intercellular gap formation. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of ANP clearance receptor NPR-C significantly attenuated LPS-induced barrier disruptive effects. Administration of NPR-A inhibitor in vivo exacerbated LPS-induced lung injury, whereas inhibition of NPR-C suppressed LPS-induced increases in BAL cell count and protein content. These results demonstrate for the first time opposite effects of NPR-A and NPR-C in the modulation of ALI and suggest a compensatory protective mechanism of endogenous ANP in the maintenance of lung vascular permeability in ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Xing
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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