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Stephens BY, Young BE, Nandadeva D, Skow RJ, Greaney JL, Brothers RM, Fadel PJ. Sympathetic transduction at rest and during cold pressor test in young healthy non-Hispanic Black and White women. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R682-R691. [PMID: 37781734 PMCID: PMC11178294 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00073.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-Hispanic Black (BL) individuals have the highest prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with all other racial/ethnic groups. Previous work focused on racial disparities in sympathetic control and blood pressure (BP) regulation between young BL and White (WH) adults, have mainly included men. Herein, we hypothesized that BL women would exhibit augmented resting sympathetic vascular transduction and greater sympathetic and BP reactivity to cold pressor test (CPT) compared with WH women. Twenty-eight young healthy women (BL: n = 14, 22 [Formula: see text] 4 yr; WH: n = 14, 22 [Formula: see text] 4 yr) participated. Beat-to-beat BP (Finometer), common femoral artery blood flow (duplex Doppler ultrasound), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA; microneurography) were continuously recorded. In a subset (BL n = 10, WH n = 11), MSNA and BP were recorded at rest and during a 2-min CPT. Resting sympathetic vascular transduction was quantified as changes in leg vascular conductance (LVC) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) following spontaneous bursts of MSNA using signal averaging. Sympathetic and BP reactivity were quantified as changes in MSNA and MAP during the last minute of CPT. There were no differences in nadir LVC following resting MSNA bursts between BL (-8.70 ± 3.43%) and WH women (-7.30 ± 3.74%; P = 0.394). Likewise, peak increases in MAP following MSNA bursts were not different between groups (BL: +2.80 ± 1.42 mmHg; vs. WH: +2.99 ± 1.15 mmHg; P = 0.683). During CPT, increases in MSNA and MAP were also not different between BL and WH women, with similar transduction estimates between groups (ΔMAP/ΔMSNA; P = 0.182). These findings indicate that young, healthy BL women do not exhibit exaggerated sympathetic transduction or augmented sympathetic and BP reactivity during CPT.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study was the first to comprehensively investigate sympathetic vascular transduction and sympathetic and BP reactivity during a cold pressor test in young, healthy BL women. We demonstrated that young BL women do not exhibit exaggerated resting sympathetic vascular transduction and do not have augmented sympathetic or BP reactivity during cold stress compared with their WH counterparts. Collectively, these findings suggest that alterations in sympathetic transduction and reactivity are not apparent in young, healthy BL women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi Y Stephens
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States
| | - Benjamin E Young
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States
- Department of Applied Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Damsara Nandadeva
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Rachel J Skow
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States
| | - Jody L Greaney
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States
| | - R Matthew Brothers
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States
| | - Paul J Fadel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States
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Majeed F, Yar T. "Comparison of cardiovascular autonomic activity (heart rate variability and baroreceptor sensitivity) in young healthy females during fasting and hyperglycaemia". Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1511-1518. [PMID: 32795743 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The present study compared cardiovascular autonomic activity and reactivity during fasting (FS) and hyperglycemia (HS) states in young healthy females. METHODS This case crossover study was conducted on 30 females recruited by convenient sampling. Blood glucose levels were measured in FS and after oral glucose load i.e., HS. Finger arterial blood pressure (BP) and ECG were recorded constantly to monitor baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS) and heart rate variability (HRV). Autonomic reactivity was tested with deep breathing (DB), Valsalva manoeuvre (VM), and head-up-tilt (HUT) test under FS and HS. HRV parameters not normally distributed were natural log (ln) transformed. RESULTS Significantly reduced Valsalva ratio and higher heart rate and BP were observed in HS that continued during HUT (P < 0.05). The lnSDNN (standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals) and lnRMSSD (root mean square of successive differences) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in HS during HUT. After HUT, lnRMSSD remained lower (P = 0.031), whereas lnLF/HF (low frequency/high frequency power) ratio (P = 0.042) and LFnu (normalized units) (P = 0.024) were higher in HS. BRS was significantly lower in supine position in HS compared to FS and further reduced in HUT position in both FS and HS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Compared to FS, the HS exhibited heightened sympathetic activity with attenuation of parasympathetic activity and this phenomenon was further accentuated by HUT. BRS was more sensitive indicator of autonomic effects of hyperglycemia in resting state. In addition to standard tests, autonomic reactivity in vulnerable young subjects could be useful to detect autonomic imbalance at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Majeed
- Department of Physiology College of Medicine Imam Abulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Talay Yar
- Department of Physiology College of Medicine Imam Abulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
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Young BE, Kaur J, Vranish JR, Stephens BY, Barbosa TC, Cloud JN, Wang J, Keller DM, Fadel PJ. Augmented resting beat-to-beat blood pressure variability in young, healthy, non-Hispanic black men. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1102-1110. [PMID: 32362031 DOI: 10.1113/ep088535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The prevalence of hypertension in black individuals exceeds that in other racial groups. Despite this well-known heightened risk, the underlying contributory factors remain incompletely understood. We hypothesized that young black men would exhibit augmented beat-to-beat blood pressure variability compared with white men and that black men would exhibit augmented total peripheral resistance variability. What is the main finding and its importance? We demonstrate that young, healthy black men exhibit greater resting beat-to-beat blood pressure variability compared with their white counterparts, which is accompanied by greater variability in total peripheral resistance. These swings in blood pressure over time might contribute to the enhanced cardiovascular risk profile in black individuals. ABSTRACT The prevalence of hypertension in black (BL) individuals exceeds that in other racial groups. Recently, resting beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP) variability has been shown to predict cardiovascular risk and detect target organ damage better than ambulatory BP monitoring. Given the heightened risk in BL individuals, we hypothesized young BL men would exhibit augmented beat-to-beat BP variability compared with white (WH) men. Furthermore, given studies reporting reduced vasodilatation and augmented vasoconstriction in BL individuals, we hypothesized that BL men would exhibit augmented variability in total peripheral resistance (TPR). In 45 normotensive men (24 BL), beat-to-beat BP (Finometer) was measured during 10-20 min of quiet rest. Cardiac output and TPR were estimated (Modelflow method). Despite similar resting BP, BL men exhibited greater BP standard deviation (e.g. systolic BP SD; BL, 7.1 ± 2.2 mmHg; WH, 5.4 ± 1.5 mmHg; P = 0.006) compared with WH men, which was accompanied by a greater TPR SD (P = 0.003), but not cardiac output SD (P = 0.390). Other traditional measures of variability provided similar results. Histogram analysis indicated that BL men exhibited a greater percentage of cardiac cycles with BPs higher (> +10 mmHg higher) and lower (< -8 mmHg lower) than mean systolic BP compared with WH men (interaction, P < 0.001), which was accompanied by a greater percentage of cardiac cycles with high/low TPR (P < 0.001). In a subset of subjects (n = 30), reduced sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity was associated with augmented BP variability (r = -0.638, P < 0.001), whereas cardiac baroreflex sensitivity had no relationship (P = 0.447). Herein, we document an augmented beat-to-beat BP variability in young BL men, which coincided with fluctuations in vascular resistance and reduced sympathetic BRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Young
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Jasdeep Kaur
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer R Vranish
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Health Science, Alma College, Alma, MI, USA
| | - Brandi Y Stephens
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Thales C Barbosa
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Jane N Cloud
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Nursing, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - David M Keller
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Paul J Fadel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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Effects of exercise intensity on vascular and autonomic components of the baroreflex following glucose ingestion in adolescents. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:867-878. [PMID: 30730001 PMCID: PMC6423315 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04076-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in a sample of healthy adolescents, and how acute exercise bouts of different intensities alter the effects of the OGTT on BRS. Methods Thirteen male adolescents (14.0 ± 0.5 years) completed three conditions on separate days in a counterbalanced order: (1) high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE); (2) moderate-intensity interval exercise (MIIE); and (3) resting control (CON). At ~ 90 min following the conditions, participants performed an OGTT. Supine heart rate and blood pressure were monitored continuously at baseline, 60 min following the conditions, and 60 min following the OGTT. A cross-spectral method (LFgain) was used to determine BRS gain. Arterial compliance (AC) was assessed as the BRS vascular component. LFgain divided by AC (LFgain/AC) was used as the autonomic component. Results Although non-significant, LFgain moderately decreased post-OGTT when no exercise was performed (pre-OGTT = 24.4 ± 8.2 ms mmHg− 1; post-OGTT = 19.9 ± 5.6 ms mmHg− 1; ES = 0.64, P > 0.05). This was attributed to the decrease in LFgain/AC (pre-OGTT = 1.19 ± 0.5 ms µm− 1; post-OGTT = 0.92 ± 0.24 ms µm− 1; ES = 0.69, P > 0.05). Compared to CON (Δ = − 4.4 ± 8.7 ms mmHg− 1), there were no differences for the pre–post-OGTT delta changes in LF/gain for HIIE (Δ = − 3.5 ± 8.2 ms mmHg− 1) and MIIE (Δ = 1.3 ± 9.9 ms mmHg− 1) had no effects on BRS following the OGTT (all ES < 0.5). Similarly, compared to CON (Δ = − 0.23 ± 0.40 ms µm− 1) there were no differences for the pre–post-OGTT delta changes in LF/gain for HIIE (Δ = − 0.22 ± 0.49 ms µm− 1) and MIIE (Δ = 0.13 ± 0.36 ms µm− 1). Conclusion A moderate non-significant decrease in BRS was observed in adolescents following a glucose challenge with no apparent effects of exercise.
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Carter JR. Microneurography and sympathetic nerve activity: a decade-by-decade journey across 50 years. J Neurophysiol 2019; 121:1183-1194. [PMID: 30673363 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00570.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The technique of microneurography has advanced the field of neuroscience for the past 50 years. While there have been a number of reviews on microneurography, this paper takes an objective approach to exploring the impact of microneurography studies. Briefly, Web of Science (Thomson Reuters) was used to identify the highest citation articles over the past 50 years, and key findings are presented in a decade-by-decade highlight. This includes the establishment of microneurography in the 1960s, the acceleration of the technique by Gunnar Wallin in the 1970s, the international collaborations of the 1980s and 1990s, and finally the highest impact studies from 2000 to present. This journey through 50 years of microneurographic research related to peripheral sympathetic nerve activity includes a historical context for several of the laboratory interventions commonly used today (e.g., cold pressor test, mental stress, lower body negative pressure, isometric handgrip, etc.) and how these interventions and experimental approaches have advanced our knowledge of cardiovascular, cardiometabolic, and other human diseases and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Carter
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, Michigan
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Damiot A, Demangel R, Noone J, Chery I, Zahariev A, Normand S, Brioche T, Crampes F, de Glisezinski I, Lefai E, Bareille MP, Chopard A, Drai J, Collin-Chavagnac D, Heer M, Gauquelin-Koch G, Prost M, Simon P, Py G, Blanc S, Simon C, Bergouignan A, O'Gorman DJ. A nutrient cocktail prevents lipid metabolism alterations induced by 20 days of daily steps reduction and fructose overfeeding: result from a randomized study. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 126:88-101. [PMID: 30284519 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00018.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors are independent risk factors for numerous diseases. We examined the ability of a nutrient cocktail composed of polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin E, and selenium to prevent the expected metabolic alterations induced by physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors. Healthy trained men ( n = 20) (averaging ∼14,000 steps/day and engaged in sports) were randomly divided into a control group (no supplementation) and a cocktail group for a 20-day free-living intervention during which they stopped exercise and decreased their daily steps (averaging ∼3,000 steps/day). During the last 10 days, metabolic changes were further triggered by fructose overfeeding. On days 0, 10, and 20, body composition (dual energy X-ray), blood chemistry, glucose tolerance [oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)], and substrate oxidation (indirect calorimetry) were measured. OGTT included 1% fructose labeled with (U-13C) fructose to assess liver de novo lipogenesis. Histological changes and related cellular markers were assessed from muscle biopsies collected on days 0 and 20. While the cocktail did not prevent the decrease in insulin sensitivity and its muscular correlates induced by the intervention, it fully prevented the hypertriglyceridemia, the drop in fasting HDL and total fat oxidation, and the increase in de novo lipogenesis. The cocktail further prevented the decrease in the type-IIa muscle fiber cross-sectional area and was associated with lower protein ubiquitination content. The circulating antioxidant capacity was improved by the cocktail following the OGTT. In conclusion, a cocktail of nutrient compounds from dietary origin protects against the alterations in lipid metabolism induced by physical inactivity and fructose overfeeding. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to test the efficacy of a novel dietary nutrient cocktail on the metabolic and physiological changes occurring during 20 days of physical inactivity along with fructose overfeeding. The main findings of this study are that 1) reduction in daily steps leads to decreased insulin sensitivity and total fat oxidation, resulting in hyperlipemia and increased de novo lipogenesis and 2) a cocktail supplement prevents the alterations on lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Damiot
- Université de Strasbourg, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien UMR 7178, Strasbourg , France
| | - Rémi Demangel
- Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR866 34060, Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier , France
| | - John Noone
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology and School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Isabelle Chery
- Université de Strasbourg, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien UMR 7178, Strasbourg , France
| | - Alexandre Zahariev
- Université de Strasbourg, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien UMR 7178, Strasbourg , France
| | - Sylvie Normand
- CARMEN, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1060/University of Lyon 1/INRA U1235 Lyon , France
| | - Thomas Brioche
- Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR866 34060, Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier , France
| | - François Crampes
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, UMR 1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases , Toulouse , France.,Paul Sabatier University , Toulouse , France
| | - Isabelle de Glisezinski
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, UMR1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases and University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University and Toulouse University Hospitals, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Sports Medicine , Toulouse , France
| | - Etienne Lefai
- CARMEN, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1060/University of Lyon 1/INRA U1235 Lyon , France
| | | | - Angèle Chopard
- Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR866 34060, Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier , France
| | - Jocelyne Drai
- CARMEN, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1060/University of Lyon 1/INRA U1235 Lyon , France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Delphine Collin-Chavagnac
- CARMEN, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1060/University of Lyon 1/INRA U1235 Lyon , France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Martina Heer
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | | | - Michel Prost
- Laboratoire de recherches appliquées Spiral/Kirial International, Couternon, France
| | | | - Guillaume Py
- Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR866 34060, Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier , France
| | - Stéphane Blanc
- Université de Strasbourg, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien UMR 7178, Strasbourg , France
| | - Chantal Simon
- CARMEN, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1060/University of Lyon 1/INRA U1235 Lyon , France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Audrey Bergouignan
- Université de Strasbourg, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien UMR 7178, Strasbourg , France.,Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Donal J O'Gorman
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology and School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University , Dublin , Ireland.,3U Diabetes Consortium, Dublin City University , Ireland
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TEIXEIRA ANDRÉL, RITTI-DIAS RAPHAEL, ANTONINO DIEGO, BOTTARO MARTIM, MILLAR PHILIPJ, VIANNA LAUROC. Sex Differences in Cardiac Baroreflex Sensitivity after Isometric Handgrip Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 50:770-777. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Barbosa TC, Kaur J, Holwerda SW, Young CN, Curry TB, Thyfault JP, Joyner MJ, Limberg JK, Fadel PJ. Insulin increases ventilation during euglycemia in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R84-R89. [PMID: 29590558 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00039.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from animal studies indicates that hyperinsulinemia, without changes in glucose, increases ventilation via a carotid body-mediated mechanism. However, whether insulin elevates ventilation in humans independently of changes in glucose remains unclear. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that insulin increases ventilation in humans during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in which insulin was elevated to postprandial concentrations while glucose was maintained at fasting concentrations. First, in 16 healthy young men ( protocol 1), we retrospectively analyzed respiration rate and estimated tidal volume from a pneumobelt to calculate minute ventilation during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. In addition, for a direct assessment of minute ventilation during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, we retrospectively analyzed breath-by-breath respiration rate and tidal volume from inspired/expired gasses in an additional 23 healthy young subjects ( protocol 2). Clamp infusion elevated minute ventilation from baseline in both protocols ( protocol 1: +11.9 ± 4.6% baseline, P = 0.001; protocol 2: +9.5 ± 3.8% baseline, P = 0.020). In protocol 1, peak changes in both respiration rate (+13.9 ± 3.0% baseline, P < 0.001) and estimated tidal volume (+16.9 ± 4.1% baseline, P = 0.001) were higher than baseline during the clamp. In protocol 2, tidal volume primarily increased during the clamp (+9.7 ± 3.7% baseline, P = 0.016), as respiration rate did not change significantly (+0.2 ± 1.8% baseline, P = 0.889). Collectively, we demonstrate for the first time in humans that elevated plasma insulin increases minute ventilation independent of changes in glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thales C Barbosa
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas Arlington , Arlington, Texas
| | - Jasdeep Kaur
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas Arlington , Arlington, Texas
| | - Seth W Holwerda
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Colin N Young
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Timothy B Curry
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Michael J Joyner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jacqueline K Limberg
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Paul J Fadel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas Arlington , Arlington, Texas
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Credeur DP, Reynolds LJ, Holwerda SW, Vranish JR, Young BE, Wang J, Thyfault JP, Fadel PJ. Influence of physical inactivity on arterial compliance during a glucose challenge. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:483-494. [PMID: 29315921 DOI: 10.1113/ep086713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? To understand better the effects of acute hyperglycaemia on arterial stiffness in healthy young individuals, we assessed arterial stiffness in physically active men before and after reduced ambulatory physical activity to decrease insulin sensitivity. What is the main finding and its importance? During an oral glucose tolerance test, we identified an increase in leg arterial stiffness (i.e. reduced femoral artery compliance) only when subjects were inactive for 5 days (<5000 steps day-1 ) and not when they were engaging in regular physical activity (>10,000 steps day-1 ). These results demonstrate the deleterious consequence of acute reductions in daily physical activity on the response of the peripheral vasculature to acute hyperglycaemia. ABSTRACT Acute hyperglycaemia has been shown to augment indices of arterial stiffness in patients with insulin resistance and other co-morbidities; however, conflicting results exist in healthy young individuals. We examined whether acute hyperglycaemia after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) increases arterial stiffness in healthy active men before and after reduced ambulatory physical activity to decrease insulin sensitivity. High-resolution arterial diameter traces acquired from Doppler ultrasound allowed an arterial blood pressure (BP) waveform to be obtained from the diameter trace within a cardiac cycle. In 24 subjects, this method demonstrated sufficient agreement with the traditional approach for assessing arterial compliance using applanation tonometry. In 10 men, continuous recordings of femoral and brachial artery diameter and beat-to-beat BP (Finometer) were acquired at rest, 60 and 120 min of an OGTT before and after 5 days of reduced activity (from >10,000 to <5000 steps day-1 ). Compliance and β-stiffness were quantified. Before the reduction in activity, the OGTT had no effect on arterial compliance or β-stiffness. However, after the reduction in activity, femoral compliance was decreased (rest, 0.10 ± 0.03 mm2 mmHg-1 versus 120 min OGTT, 0.06 ± 0.02 mm2 mmHg-1 ; P < 0.001) and femoral β-stiffness increased (rest, 8.7 ± 2.7 a.u. versus 120 min OGTT, 15.3 ± 6.5 a.u.; P < 0.001) during OGTT, whereas no changes occurred in brachial artery compliance (P = 0.182) or stiffness (P = 0.892). Insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) was decreased after the reduction in activity (P = 0.002). In summary, in young healthy men the femoral artery becomes susceptible to acute hyperglycaemia after 5 days of reduced activity and the resultant decrease in insulin sensitivity, highlighting the strong influence of daily physical activity levels on vascular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Credeur
- School of Kinesiology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Leryn J Reynolds
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Seth W Holwerda
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Vranish
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin E Young
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Nursing, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Paul J Fadel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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Holwerda SW, Vianna LC, Restaino RM, Chaudhary K, Young CN, Fadel PJ. Arterial baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate in patients with type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H1170-H1179. [PMID: 27591221 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00384.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite greater blood pressure reactivity to acute cardiovascular stressors and a higher prevalence of hypertension in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, limited information is available regarding arterial baroreflex (ABR) control in T2D. We hypothesized that ABR control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and heart rate (HR) are attenuated in T2D patients. Seventeen T2D patients (50 ± 2 yr; 31 ± 1 kg/m2), 9 weight-matched controls (WM-CON, 46 ± 2 yr; 32 ± 2 kg/m2) and 10 lean controls (Lean-CON, 49 ± 3 yr; 23 ± 1 kg/m2), underwent bolus infusions of sodium nitroprusside (100 μg) followed 60 s later by phenylephrine (150 μg) and weighted linear regression performed. No group differences in overall sympathetic baroreflex gain were observed (T2D: -2.5 ± 0.3 vs. WM-CON: -2.6 ± 0.2 vs. Lean-CON: -2.7 ± 0.4 arbitrary units·beat·mmHg-1, P > 0.05) or in sympathetic baroreflex gain when derived separately during blood pressure (BP) falls (nitroprusside) and BP rises (phenylephrine). In contrast, overall cardiac baroreflex gain was reduced in T2D patients compared with Lean-CON (T2D: 8.2 ± 1.5 vs. Lean-CON: 15.6 ± 2.9 ms·mmHg-1, P < 0.05) and also tended to be reduced in WM-CON (9.3 ± 1.9 ms·mmHg-1) compared with Lean-CON (P = 0.059). Likewise, during BP rises, cardiac baroreflex gain was reduced in T2D patients and weight-matched controls compared with lean controls (P < 0.05), whereas no group differences were found during BP falls (P > 0.05). Sympathetic and cardiac ABR gains were comparable between normotensive and hypertensive T2D patients (P > 0.05). These findings suggest preserved ABR control of MSNA in T2D patients compared with both obese and lean age-matched counterparts, with a selective impairment in ABR HR control in T2D that may be related to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth W Holwerda
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Lauro C Vianna
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Robert M Restaino
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Kunal Chaudhary
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Colin N Young
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia; and
| | - Paul J Fadel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
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Pierre N, Appriou Z, Gratas-Delamarche A, Derbré F. From physical inactivity to immobilization: Dissecting the role of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle insulin resistance and atrophy. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 98:197-207. [PMID: 26744239 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the literature, the terms physical inactivity and immobilization are largely used as synonyms. The present review emphasizes the need to establish a clear distinction between these two situations. Physical inactivity is a behavior characterized by a lack of physical activity, whereas immobilization is a deprivation of movement for medical purpose. In agreement with these definitions, appropriate models exist to study either physical inactivity or immobilization, leading thereby to distinct conclusions. In this review, we examine the involvement of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle insulin resistance and atrophy induced by, respectively, physical inactivity and immobilization. A large body of evidence demonstrates that immobilization-induced atrophy depends on the chronic overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). On the other hand, the involvement of RONS in physical inactivity-induced insulin resistance has not been investigated. This observation outlines the need to elucidate the mechanism by which physical inactivity promotes insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pierre
- EA1274 Laboratory "Movement, Sport and Health Sciences" M2S, Rennes 2 University - ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
| | - Zephyra Appriou
- EA1274 Laboratory "Movement, Sport and Health Sciences" M2S, Rennes 2 University - ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
| | - Arlette Gratas-Delamarche
- EA1274 Laboratory "Movement, Sport and Health Sciences" M2S, Rennes 2 University - ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
| | - Frédéric Derbré
- EA1274 Laboratory "Movement, Sport and Health Sciences" M2S, Rennes 2 University - ENS Rennes, Bruz, France.
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