1
|
Lewis A. A non-adaptationist hypothesis of play behaviour. J Physiol 2024; 602:2433-2453. [PMID: 37656171 DOI: 10.1113/jp284413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Play is a suite of apparently non-functional, pleasurable behaviours observed in human and non-human animals. Although the phenomenon has been studied extensively, no adaptationist behavioural theory of how play evolved can be supported by the available evidence. However, the advancement of the extended evolutionary synthesis and developments in systems biology offer alternative avenues for non-adaptationist physiological hypotheses. I therefore propose a hypothesis of play, based upon a complex ACh activity that is under agential control of the organism, whereby play initiates ACh-mediated feedforward and feedback processes which act to: (i) regulate metabolic processes; (ii) form new ACh receptors via ACh mRNA activity; (iii) mediate attention, memory consolidation and learning; and (iv) mediate social behaviours, reproduction and embryonic development. However, play occurs across taxa, but does not occur across all taxonomic groups or within all species of a taxonomic group. Thus, to support the validity of the proposed hypothesis, I further propose potential explanations for this anomaly, which include sampling and observer biases, altricial versus precocial juvenile development, and the influence of habitat niche and environmental conditions on behaviour. The proposed hypothesis thus offers new avenues for study in both the biological and social sciences, in addition to having potential applications in applied sciences, such as animal welfare and biomedical research. Crucially, it is hoped that this hypothesis will promote further study of a valid and behaviourally significant, yet currently enigmatic, biological phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Lewis
- Independent Researcher, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang K, Li Y, Liu S, Liu H, Zhang T, Luo J. Can an intervention integrating sports and medicine improve children's health more effectively? Monitoring based on sleep, body mass index, and heart rate variability. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04040. [PMID: 38635801 PMCID: PMC11026036 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Theoretical studies have suggested that the integration of sports and medicine with one another could positively affect children's health. By monitoring the variation characteristics of children's sleep, body mass index (BMI), and heart rate variability (HRV), we explored and compared the influences of and differences between two interventions - physical exercise and an intervention integrating sports and medicine - on improving children's health. Methods We conducted a randomised controlled study, where we randomly divided 136 children into the physical exercise group (PEG), the integration of sports and medicine group (ISMG), and the control group. We measured sleep, BMI, and HRV at baseline and week eight. Results After the eight-week intervention, the sleep scores in the PEG and the ISMG were significantly lower than in the control group, while the scores in the ISMG were significantly lower than in the PEG. After the eight-week intervention, the BMI of both the PEG and the ISMG was significantly lower than that of the control group, without a significand difference between the two intervention groups. After the eight-week intervention, the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), root mean square differences of the standard deviation (RMSSD), low-frequency of normal (LFn), and high-frequency of normal (HFn) in the PEG and the ISMG were significantly higher than those in the control group, again without a significant difference between the two intervention groups. After intervention, sleep, BMI, and HRV of the three groups were correlated with one another to different degrees, but the correlation coefficient of the two exercise groups was higher. Conclusions Based on the interventions, we observed a significant correlation between sleep, BMI, and HRV in children. Regular physical exercise or an intervention integrating sports and medicine could synergistically improve sleep, BMI, and HRV in this population, with the latter having a better effect on improving sleep quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Liberal Studies, Chongqing Industry Polytechnic College (Sports Work Department), Yubei, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, Chongqing, China
| | - Hengxu Liu
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingran Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiong Luo
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guimarães AP, Seidel H, Pires LVDM, Trindade CO, Baleeiro RDS, Souza PMD, Silva FGDE, Coelho DB, Becker LK, Oliveira ECD. GABA Supplementation, Increased Heart-Rate Variability, Emotional Response, Sleep Efficiency and Reduced Depression in Sedentary Overweight Women Undergoing Physical Exercise: Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial. J Diet Suppl 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38321713 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2024.2308262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) serves as a pivotal neurotransmitter implicated in the pathogenesis of stress, anxiety, sleep-related disorders, and heart rate (HR) reactions. Heart-rate variability (HRV), modulated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), offers insights into cardiac autonomic control and cardiovascular well-being. The present study aimed to explore the impact of GABA supplementation on emotional metrics, sleep quality, and HRV in sedentary women with overweight or obesity partaking in physical exercise. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was undertaken involving 30 sedentary women with overweight or obesity. Volunteers were assigned randomly to two groups: the intervention group receiving GABA (200 mg) once daily for a total of 90 supplementation doses, and the placebo group. Both groups engaged in physical exercise, while the supplementation regimen spanned 90 days. Assessments were conducted at three intervals: baseline (T0), midway through the study (T45), and study culmination (T90). Following 90 days of GABA supplementation, the intervention group demonstrated enhancements in habitual sleep efficiency, as indicated by reductions in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores. Moreover, an improved emotional response was observed, characterized by diminished negative affect. GABA supplementation yielded ameliorations in depression scores as per the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Notably, an augmented HRV was noted, attributed to heightened parasympathetic autonomic nervous system predominance. GABA supplementation elicited noteworthy enhancements in heart rate variability, emotional response, depression mitigation, and sleep efficiency following a 90-day supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Seidel
- Medicine Department, Medicine School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina Oliveira Trindade
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition/PPGSN, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Barbosa Coelho
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition/PPGSN, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
- Physical Education Department, Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Lenice Kappes Becker
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition/PPGSN, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
- Physical Education Department, Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Emerson Cruz de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition/PPGSN, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
- Physical Education Department, Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mograss M, Frimpong E, Vilcourt F, Chouchou F, Zvionow T, Dang-Vu TT. The effects of acute exercise and a nap on heart rate variability and memory in young sedentary adults. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14454. [PMID: 37855092 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the autonomic nervous system can contribute to memory consolidation during sleep. Whether fluctuations in cardiac autonomic activity during sleep following physical exercise contribute to the process of memory consolidation has not been studied. We assessed the effects of a non-rapid eye movement (NREM) nap following acute exercise on cardiac autonomic regulation assessed with heart rate variability (HRV) to examine if HRV influences memory processes. Fifty-six (59% female) healthy young adults (23.14 ± 3.74 years) were randomly allocated to either the exercise plus nap (ExNap, n = 27) or nap alone (NoExNap, n = 29) groups. The ExNap group performed a 40-minute moderate-intensity cycling, while the NoExNap group was sedentary prior to learning 45 neutral pictures for a later test. Subsequently, participants underwent a 60-minute NREM nap while measuring EKG, followed by a visual recognition test. Our results indicated that heart rate did not significantly differ between the groups (p = .243), whereas vagally mediated HRV indices were lower in the ExNap group compared to the NoExNap group (p < .05). There were no significant differences in sleep variables between the groups (p > .05). Recognition accuracy was significantly higher in the ExNap group than in the NoExNap group (p = .027). In addition, the recognition accuracy of the ExNap group was negatively associated with vagally mediated HRV (p < .05). Pre-nap acute exercise appears to attenuate parasympathetic activity and to alter the relationship between memory and cardiac autonomic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melodee Mograss
- Sleep, Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Frimpong
- Sleep, Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Franck Vilcourt
- IRISSE Laboratory (EA4075), UFR SHE, University of La Réunion, Le Tampon, France
| | - Florian Chouchou
- IRISSE Laboratory (EA4075), UFR SHE, University of La Réunion, Le Tampon, France
| | - Tehila Zvionow
- Sleep, Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thien Thanh Dang-Vu
- Sleep, Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Peres FP, Levada-Pires AC, Vieira M, Hatanaka E, Cury-Boaventura MF, Folador A, Gorjão R, Hirabara SM, Santos-Silva PR, Deuster PA, Curi R, Pithon-Curi TC. Hydrolyzed whey protein enriched with glutamine dipeptide attenuates skeletal muscle damage and improves physical exhaustion test performance in triathletes. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 4:1011240. [PMID: 36685057 PMCID: PMC9853540 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.1011240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of hydrolyzed whey protein enriched with glutamine dipeptide on the percentage of oxygen consumption, second ventilatory threshold, duration and total distance covered, and skeletal muscle damage during an exhaustion test in elite triathletes. Methods The study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Nine male triathletes performed a progressive incremental test on a treadmill ergometer (1.4 km h-1·3 min-1) 30 min after ingesting either 50 g of maltodextrin plus four tablets of 700 mg hydrolyzed whey protein enriched with 175 mg of glutamine dipeptide diluted in 250 ml of water (MGln) or four tablets of 700 mg maltodextrin plus 50 g maltodextrin diluted in 250 ml of water (M). Each athlete was submitted to the two dietary treatments and two corresponding exhaustive physical tests with an interval of one week between the interventions. The effects of the two treatments were then compared within the same athlete. Maximal oxygen consumption, percentage of maximal oxygen consumption, second ventilatory threshold, and duration and total distance covered were measured during the exhaustion test. Blood was collected before and immediately after the test for the determination of plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities and lactate concentration (also measured 6, 10, and 15 min after the test). Plasma cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-1ra) and C-reactive protein levels were also measured. Results A single dose of MGln increased the percentage of maximal oxygen consumption, second ventilatory threshold duration, and total distance covered during the exhaustion test and augmented plasma lactate levels 6 and 15 min after the test. MGln also decreased plasma LDH and CK activities indicating muscle damage protection. Plasma cytokine and C-reactive protein levels did not change across the study periods. Conclusion Conditions including overnight fasting and a single dose of MGln supplementation resulted in exercising at a higher percentage of maximal oxygen consumption, a higher second ventilatory threshold, blood lactate levels, and reductions in plasma markers of muscle damage during an exhaustion test in elite triathletes. These findings support oral glutamine supplementation's efficacy in triathletes, but further studies require.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Pinheiro Peres
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Cristina Levada-Pires
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil,Correspondence: Adriana Cristina Levada-Pires
| | - Marcelo Vieira
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Hatanaka
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Cury-Boaventura
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Folador
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Gorjão
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro Massao Hirabara
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Santos-Silva
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia A. Deuster
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Consortium for Health and Military Performance, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Consortium for Health and Military Performance, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tania Cristina Pithon-Curi
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Consortium for Health and Military Performance, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Garcia GL, Porto LGG, da Cruz CJG, Molina GE. Can resting heart rate explain the heart rate and parasympathetic responses during rest, exercise, and recovery? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277848. [PMID: 36477005 PMCID: PMC9728889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of resting heart rate (RHR) on the heart rate (HR) dynamics and parasympathetic modulation at rest, exercise, and recovery remain to be clarified. This study compares HR and parasympathetic responses at rest, during submaximal exercise testing and recovery in young, physically active men with different RHR average values. HR and parasympathetic responses were compared between two groups: bradycardia group-RHR < 60 bpm (BG, n = 20) and normocardia group-RHR ≥ 60 ≤ 100 bpm (NG, n = 20). A Polar RS800® was used to record the RR-interval series and HR at rest in the supine position, following the postural change (from supine to orthostatic position) and in the orthostatic position for 5 minutes, as well as during and after a submaximal exercise testing. Statistical analysis employed the MANOVA, Mann-Whitney, and Simple Linear regression test with a two-tailed p-value set at ≤ 0.05. BG at rest showed lower HR in the orthostatic position, higher parasympathetic activity in the supine and orthostatic positions, and higher parasympathetic reactivity than NG (p ≤ 0.01) after the postural change. BG before exercise showed lower HR and higher values of the chronotropic reserve and parasympathetic withdrawal than NG (p ≤ 0.01) throughout the exercise. Following the exercise, BG showed higher values of HR recovery (HRR) and parasympathetic reactivation in the 3rd and 5th minutes of recovery than NG (p ≤ 0.01). Lastly, the RHR can explain the variance of the HR at rest, during exercise testing, and recovery from 11 to 48%. We concluded that BG (RHR < 60 bpm) showed higher chronotropic and parasympathetic modulation at rest, higher chronotropic reserve, parasympathetic withdrawal during the submaximal exercise test, and faster HRR and parasympathetic reactivation after effort in young physically active men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giliard Lago Garcia
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory of Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Research Group in Physiology and Epidemiology of Exercise and Physical Activity (GEAFS)—University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Luiz Guilherme Grossi Porto
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory of Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Research Group in Physiology and Epidemiology of Exercise and Physical Activity (GEAFS)—University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Janssen Gomes da Cruz
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory of Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Research Group in Physiology and Epidemiology of Exercise and Physical Activity (GEAFS)—University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Eckhardt Molina
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory of Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Research Group in Physiology and Epidemiology of Exercise and Physical Activity (GEAFS)—University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Eugster PJ, Bourdillon N, Vocat C, Wuerzner G, Nguyen T, Millet GP, Grouzmann E. Kinetics of neuropeptide Y, catecholamines, and physiological responses during moderate and heavy intensity exercises. Neuropeptides 2022; 92:102232. [PMID: 35180646 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y 1-36 (NPY1-36) is a vasoconstrictor peptide co-secreted with norepinephrine (NE) by nerve endings during sympathetic activation. NPY1-36 potentiates NE action post-synaptically through the stimulation of the Y1 receptor, whereas its metabolite NPY3-36 resulting from DPP4 action activates Y2 presynaptic receptors, inhibiting NE and acetylcholine secretion. The secretions of NPY1-36 and NPY3-36 in response to sympathetic nervous system activation have not been studied due to the lack of analytical techniques available to distinguish them. We determined in healthy volunteers NPY1-36, NPY3-36 and catecholamine kinetics and how these neurotransmitters modulate the physiological stress response during and after moderate- and heavy-intensity exercises. Six healthy males participated in this randomized, double-blind, saxagliptin vs placebo crossover study. The volunteers performed an orthostatic test, a 30-min exercise at moderate intensity and a 15-min exercise at heavy intensity each followed by 50 min of recovery in two separate sessions with saxagliptin or placebo. Oxygen consumption (V̇O2), ventilation and heart rate were continuously recorded. NE, epinephrine, NPY1-36 and NPY3-36 were quantified by tandem mass spectrometry. We found that exercise triggers NPY1-36 and NE secretion in an intensity-dependent manner and that NE returns faster to the baseline concentration than NPY1-36 after exercise. NPY3-36 rises during recovery parallel to the decline of NPY1-36. Saxagliptin reverses the NPY1-36/NPY3-36 ratio but does not affect hemodynamics, nor NPY1-36 and catecholamine concentrations. We found that NPY1-36 half-life is considerably shorter than previously established with immunoassays. NPY1-36 and NE secretions are finely regulated to prevent an excessive physiological Y1 stimulating response to submaximal exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe J Eugster
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Bourdillon
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Vocat
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gregoire Wuerzner
- Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Toan Nguyen
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Grouzmann
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Figueiredo TDG, de Souza HCM, Neves VR, do Rêgo Barros AEV, Dornelas de Andrade ADF, Brandão DC. Effects of physical exercise on the autonomic nervous system in patients with coronary artery disease: a systematic review. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 18:749-759. [PMID: 32885689 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2020.1813568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imbalance in autonomic modulation can occur after a cardiac event, which can lead to deleterious consequences. Exercise has proven to be a therapy which affects this modulation and can be assessed through heart rate variability (HRV). AREAS COVERED The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of physical exercise on heart rate variability in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD). The PubMed, PEDro, Scielo, Lilacs and Cochrane databases were systematically searched, for articles which performed supervised exercises in phase II of cardiac rehabilitation in patients with CAD. EXPERT OPINION Given the differences between studies on interventions and population characteristics, it is difficult to justify similarities or divergences in terms of results. In addition to the variation in sample size, intervention duration, carrying out an additional program at home, and patients with different clinical presentations, it can be inferred that responses to exercise may vary for certain types/clinical profile of individuals with CAD. Thus, it is necessary to carry out more studies with greater methodological rigor, greater standardization of the variables studied and the evaluation forms, in order to increase the veracity of the results and the consequent clinical relevance and therapeutic application.
Collapse
|
9
|
Carvalho TD, Milani M, Ferraz AS, Silveira ADD, Herdy AH, Hossri CAC, Silva CGSE, Araújo CGSD, Rocco EA, Teixeira JAC, Dourado LOC, Matos LDNJD, Emed LGM, Ritt LEF, Silva MGD, Santos MAD, Silva MMFD, Freitas OGAD, Nascimento PMC, Stein R, Meneghelo RS, Serra SM. Brazilian Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Guideline - 2020. Arq Bras Cardiol 2020; 114:943-987. [PMID: 32491079 PMCID: PMC8387006 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tales de Carvalho
- Clínica de Prevenção e Reabilitação Cardiosport , Florianópolis , SC - Brasil
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (Udesc), Florianópolis , SC - Brasil
| | | | | | - Anderson Donelli da Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre , RS - Brasil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (HCPA/UFRGS), Porto Alegre , RS - Brasil
- Vitta Centro de Bem Estar Físico , Porto Alegre , RS - Brasil
| | - Artur Haddad Herdy
- Clínica de Prevenção e Reabilitação Cardiosport , Florianópolis , SC - Brasil
- Instituto de Cardiologia de Santa Catarina , Florianópolis , SC - Brasil
- Unisul: Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Florianópolis , SC - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luciana Oliveira Cascaes Dourado
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
| | | | | | - Luiz Eduardo Fonteles Ritt
- Hospital Cárdio Pulmonar , Salvador , BA - Brasil
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública , Salvador , BA - Brasil
| | | | - Mauro Augusto Dos Santos
- ACE Cardiologia do Exercício , Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia , Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
| | | | | | - Pablo Marino Corrêa Nascimento
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia , Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
| | - Ricardo Stein
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre , RS - Brasil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (HCPA/UFRGS), Porto Alegre , RS - Brasil
- Vitta Centro de Bem Estar Físico , Porto Alegre , RS - Brasil
| | - Romeu Sergio Meneghelo
- Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia , São Paulo , SP - Brasil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , São Paulo , SP - Brasil
| | - Salvador Manoel Serra
- Instituto Estadual de Cardiologia Aloysio de Castro (IECAC), Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
de Paula T, Neves MF, da Silva Itaborahy A, Monteiro W, Farinatti P, Cunha FA. Acute Effect of Aerobic and Strength Exercise on Heart Rate Variability and Baroreflex Sensitivity in Men With Autonomic Dysfunction. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:2743-2752. [PMID: 29271835 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
de Paula, T, Neves, MF, da Silva Itaborahy, A, Monteiro, W, Farinatti, P, and Cunha, FA. Recovery pattern of cardiac autonomic control after aerobic and strength exercises in overweight prehypertensive men. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2743-2752, 2019-The extent to which postexercise cardiac autonomic control depends on exercise modality remains unclear, particularly among individuals with autonomic dysfunction (cardiac autonomic dysfunction [CADysf]). This study compared heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) responses to acute aerobic exercise (AE) and strength exercise (SE) in men with CADysf. Twenty men were assigned into control (n = 10: 33.8 ± 3.0 years; 23.7 ± 1.5 kg·m) and CADysf (n = 10: 36.2 ± 9.8 years; 28.4 ± 2.6 kg·m) groups. Cardiac autonomic dysfunction underwent AE, SE, and a nonexercise control day (control session [CTL]) in a randomized, counter-balanced order. Heart rate variability and BRS were assessed in a supine position during 25 minutes of recovery after AE, SE, and CTL. Both HRV indices (p ≤ 0.05; effect size [Cohen's d]: >1.4) and BRS at rest were significantly lower in CADysf than those in controls (p < 0.01; effect size [Cohen's d]: ≥1.36). In CADysf, postexercise increases in heart rate, sympathetic activity (low-frequency [LF] band), and sympathovagal balance (LF:high-frequency [HF] ratio), as well as decreases in R-R interval, parasympathetic activity (HF band), and BRS were observed in AE (p ≤ 0.05; effect size [Cohen's d]: ≥1.31) and SE (p ≤ 0.05; effect size [Cohen's d]: ≥0.79) vs. CTL, but changes were larger after AE than SE (p ≤ 0.05; effect size [Cohen's d]: ≥0.73). In conclusion, both AE and SE elicited postexercise changes in HRV and BRS among CADysf men, primarily reflected by lowered vagal modulation, increased sympathovagal balance, and a delayed BRS recovery pattern. However, those changes seem to be more likely to occur after AE than SE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tainah de Paula
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mario F Neves
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alex da Silva Itaborahy
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walace Monteiro
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Cunha
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Holschneider DP, Wang Z, Guo Y, Sanford MT, Yeh J, Mao JJ, Zhang R, Rodriguez LV. Exercise modulates neuronal activation in the micturition circuit of chronically stressed rats: A multidisciplinary approach to the study of urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (MAPP) research network study. Physiol Behav 2019; 215:112796. [PMID: 31884113 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rats exposed to water avoidance stress (WAS) show increased urinary frequency, increased somatosensory nociceptive reflex responses, as well as altered brain responses to bladder distension, analogous to similar observations made in patients with urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS). Exercise has been proposed as a potential treatment option for patients with chronic urinary frequency and urgency. We examined the effects of exercise on urinary voiding parameters and functional brain activation during bladder distension in rats exposed to WAS. METHODS Adult, female Wistar Kyoto rats were exposed to 10 days of WAS and thereafter randomized to either voluntary exercise for 3 weeks or sedentary groups. Voiding parameters were assessed at baseline, post-WAS, and weekly for 3 weeks. Thereafter, cerebral blood flow (CBF) mapping was performed during isotonic bladder distension (20 cm H2O) after intravenous bolus injection of [14C]-iodoantipyrine. Regional CBF was quantified in autoradiographs of brain slices and analyzed in 3-D reconstructed brains by statistical parametric mapping. Functional connectivity was examined between regions of the micturition circuit through interregional correlation analysis. RESULTS WAS exposure in sedentary animals (WAS/no-EX) increased voiding frequency and decreased urinary volumes per void. Exercise exposure in WAS animals (WAS/EX) resulted in a progressive decline in voiding frequency back to the baseline, as well as increased urinary volumes per void. Within the micturition circuit, WAS/EX compared to WAS/no-EX demonstrated a significantly lower rCBF response to passive bladder distension in Barrington's nucleus that is part of the spinobulbospinal voiding reflex, as well as in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) which modulates this reflex. Greater rCBF was noted in WAS/EX animals broadly across corticolimbic structures, including the cingulate, medial prefrontal cortex (prelimbic, infralimbic areas), insula, amygdala, and hypothalamus, which provide a 'top-down' decision point where micturition could be inhibited or triggered. WAS/EX showed a significantly greater positive brain functional connectivities compared to WAS/no-EX animals within regions of the extended reflex loop (PAG, Barrington's nucleus, intermediodorsal thalamic nucleus, pons), as well as within regions of the corticolimbic decision-making loop of the micturition circuit, with a strikingly negative correlation between these pathways. Urinary frequency was positively correlated with rCBF in the pons, and negatively correlated with rCBF in the cingulate cortex. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that chronic voluntary exercise may decrease urinary frequency at two points of control in the micturition circuit. During the urine storage phase, it may diminish the influence of the reflex micturition circuit itself, and/or it may increase corticolimbic control of voiding. Exercise may be an effective adjunct therapeutic intervention for modifying the urinary symptoms in patients with UCPPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Holschneider
- Departments of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Departments of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yumei Guo
- Departments of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Melissa T Sanford
- Urology at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jihchao Yeh
- Urology at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jackie J Mao
- Urology at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rong Zhang
- Urology at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Larissa V Rodriguez
- Urology at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Chronic diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide with increasing prevalence in all age groups, genders, and ethnicities. Most chronic disease deaths occur in middle-to low-income countries but are also a significant health problem in developed nations. Multiple chronic diseases now affect children and adolescents as well as adults. Being physically inactive is associated with increased chronic disease risk. Global societies are being negatively impacted by the increasing prevalence of chronic disease which is directly related to rising healthcare expenditures, workforce complications regarding attendance and productivity, military personnel recruitment, and academic success. However, increased physical activity (PA) and exercise are associated with reduced chronic disease risk. Most physiologic systems in the body benefit positively from PA and exercise by primary disease prevention and secondary disease prevention/treatment. The purpose of this brief review is to describe the significant global problem of chronic diseases for adults and children, and how PA and exercise can provide a non-invasive means for added prevention and treatment.
Collapse
|
13
|
Spector S, Debi R, Shin J. Big heart, no longer a big problem: using catecholamine‐based quantifications may be an effective means to prescribe exercise to non‐obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients. J Physiol 2019; 597:2329-2330. [DOI: 10.1113/jp277970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Spector
- Department of BiologyYork University Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Ryan Debi
- Department of BiologyYork University Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Jin Shin
- Department of BiologyYork University Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Flouris AD, Friesen BJ, Herry CL, Seely AJE, Notley SR, Kenny GP. Heart rate variability dynamics during treatment for exertional heat strain when immediate response is not possible. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:845-854. [PMID: 30932277 DOI: 10.1113/ep087297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does a delay in cold water immersion treatment affect the cardiac autonomic control of exertionally heat-strained individuals? What is the main finding and its importance? Cold water immersion is effective for treating exertionally heat-strained individuals even when treatment is commenced with a significant delay. However, that treatment delay leads to only partial/transient restoration of cardiac autonomic control. Therefore, we recommend that exertional heatstroke patients are continuously monitored for several hours even after core temperature has returned to normal values. ABSTRACT Immediate cold water immersion (CWI) is the gold-standard treatment for exertional heatstroke. In the field, however, treatment is often delayed, primarily owing to a delayed paramedic response and/or inaccurate diagnosis. We examined the effect of treatment (reduction of rectal temperature to 37.5°C) delays of 5 (short), 20 (moderate) and 40 (prolonged) min on cardiac autonomic control [as assessed via heart rate variability (HRV)] in eight exertionally heat-strained (40.0°C rectal temperature) individuals. Eleven HRV indices were computed that have been described commonly in the literature and characterize almost all known domains of the variability and complexity of the cardiopulmonary system. We found that the cardiac autonomic control (as assessed via HRV) of exertionally heat-strained individuals was significantly affected by the amount of time it took for the CWI treatment to be applied. Six out of 11 HRV indices studied, from all variability domains, displayed strong (P ≤ 0.005) time × delay interaction effects. Moreover, the number of significantly (P ≤ 0.005) abnormal (i.e. different from the short delay) HRV indices more than doubled (seven versus 15) from the moderate delay to the prolonged delay. Finally, our results demonstrated that a CWI treatment applied with delays of 20 and, primarily, 40 min did not lead to a full restoration of cardiac autonomic control of exertionally heat-strained individuals. In conclusion, this study supports CWI for treating exertionally heat-strained individuals even when applied with prolonged delay, but it highlights the importance of continued cardiac monitoring of patients who have suffered exertional heatstroke for several hours after restoration of core temperature to normal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas D Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, 42100, Greece.,Human Environmental Physiological Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Brian J Friesen
- Human Environmental Physiological Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Christophe L Herry
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew J E Seely
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ontario, Canada.,Thoracic Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean R Notley
- Human Environmental Physiological Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human Environmental Physiological Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Durmić T, Ðjelić M, Gavrilović T, Antić M, Jeremić R, Vujović A, Mihailović Z, Zdravković M. Usefulness of heart rate recovery parameters to monitor cardiovascular adaptation in elite athletes: The impact of the type of sport. Physiol Int 2019; 106:81-94. [PMID: 30888216 DOI: 10.1556/2060.106.2019.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to determine heart rate (HR) recovery after maximal test in elite athletes who compete in high dynamic, high static, and in mixed sport disciplines; to assess differences in HR recovery between these groups of athletes; and to measure the association of HR index (HRI) with heart adaptation variables to determine whether these values were correlated with the type of exercise. METHODS One hundred and ninety-four elite athletes were divided into three groups according to the predominant type of exercise performed: endurance (n = 40), strength-sprinter (n = 36), and ball-game players (n = 118). They performed maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill and were subjected to echocardiography. The rate of decline (HR recovery) was calculated as the difference between maximum and recovery HRs (HRrec1 and HRrec3). The HRI was calculated as HRmax - 1-min post-exercise HR (HRrec1). RESULTS The most significant correlation of HRI was with posterior wall diameter and left ventricular (LV) mass index (r = 0.43 and r = 0.51; p = 0.012 and p = 0.003, respectively). LV mass index [Beta (B) = 0.354, p = 0.001] was an independent predictor of HRI and HRrec1. HRI may be an effective tool for discrimination of physiological and "gray zone" LV hypertrophy, with area under the curve of 0.545 (95% CI = 0.421-0.669, p = 0.0432). HRI displayed a sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 52.2% at the optimal cut-off value of 23.5. CONCLUSION HR recovery pattern, especially HRI, may offer a timely and efficient tool to identify athletes with autonomous nervous system adaptive changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Durmić
- 1 Institute of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Ðjelić
- 2 Institute of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade, Serbia
| | - T Gavrilović
- 3 Serbian Institute of Sports and Sports Medicine , Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Antić
- 3 Serbian Institute of Sports and Sports Medicine , Belgrade, Serbia
| | - R Jeremić
- 2 Institute of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Vujović
- 4 School of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Z Mihailović
- 1 Institute of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Zdravković
- 4 School of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade, Serbia.,5 Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Medical Center "Bezanijska Kosa" , Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shah AB, Bechis MZ, Brown M, Finch JM, Loomer G, Groezinger E, Weiner RB, Wasfy MM, Picard MH, Fifer MA, Lewis GB, Baggish AL. Catecholamine response to exercise in patients with non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Physiol 2019; 597:1337-1346. [PMID: 30552684 DOI: 10.1113/jp277494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Intense physical activity, a potent stimulus for sympathetic nervous system activation, is thought to increase the risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias among patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). As a result, the majority of patients with HCM deliberately reduce their habitual physical activity after diagnosis and this lifestyle change puts them at risk for sequelae of a sedentary lifestyle: weight gain, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, insulin resistance, coronary artery disease, and increased morbidity and mortality. We show that plasma catecholamine levels remain stably low at exercise intensities below the ventilatory threshold, a parameter that can be defined during cardiopulmonary exercise testing, but rise rapidly at higher intensities of exercise. These findings suggest that cardiopulmonary exercise testing may be a useful tool to provide an individualized moderate-intensity exercise prescription for patients with HCM. ABSTRACT Intense physical activity, a potent stimulus for sympathetic nervous system activation, is thought to increase the risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias among patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, the impact of exercise intensity on plasma catecholamine levels among HCM patients has not been rigorously defined. We conducted a prospective observational case-control study of men with non-obstructive HCM and age-matched controls. Laboratory-based cardiopulmonary exercise testing coupled with serial phlebotomy was used to define the relationship between exercise intensity and plasma catecholamine levels. Compared to controls (C, n = 5), HCM participants (H, n = 9) demonstrated higher left ventricular mass index (115 ± 20 vs. 90 ± 16 g/m2 , P = 0.03) and maximal left ventricular wall thickness (16 ± 1 vs. 8 ± 1 mm, P < 0.001) but similar body mass index, resting heart rate, peak oxygen consumption (H = 40 ± 13 vs. C = 42 ± 7 ml/kg/min, P = 0.81) and heart rate at the ventilatory threshold (H = 78 ± 6 vs. C = 78 ± 4% peak heart rate, P = 0.92). During incremental effort exercise in both groups, concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline were unchanged through low- and moderate-exercise intensity until reaching a catecholamine threshold (H = 82 ± 4 vs. C = 85 ± 3% peak heart rate, P = 0.86) after which levels of both molecules rose rapidly. In patients with mild non-obstructive HCM, plasma catecholamine levels remain stably low at exercise intensities below the ventilatory threshold but rise rapidly at higher intensities of exercise. Routine cardiopulmonary exercise testing may be a useful tool to provide an individualized moderate-intensity exercise prescription for patients with HCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit B Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey Suite 5B, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary Z Bechis
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey Suite 5B, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcel Brown
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey Suite 5B, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Michaud Finch
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey Suite 5B, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Garrett Loomer
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey Suite 5B, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erich Groezinger
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey Suite 5B, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rory B Weiner
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey Suite 5B, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meagan M Wasfy
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey Suite 5B, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael H Picard
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey Suite 5B, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Fifer
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey Suite 5B, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory B Lewis
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey Suite 5B, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron L Baggish
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey Suite 5B, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Such-Miquel L, Brines L, Alberola AM, Zarzoso M, Chorro FJ, Guerrero J, Parra G, Gallego N, Soler C, Del Canto I, Guill A, Such L. Effect of chronic exercise on myocardial electrophysiological heterogeneity and stability. Role of intrinsic cholinergic neurons: A study in the isolated rabbit heart. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209085. [PMID: 30562383 PMCID: PMC6298659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A study has been made of the effect of chronic exercise on myocardial electrophysiological heterogeneity and stability, as well as of the role of cholinergic neurons in these changes. Determinations in hearts from untrained and trained rabbits on a treadmill were performed. The hearts were isolated and perfused. A pacing electrode and a recording multielectrode were located in the left ventricle. The parameters determined during induced VF, before and after atropine (1μM), were: fibrillatory cycle length (VV), ventricular functional refractory period (FRPVF), normalized energy (NE) of the fibrillatory signal and its coefficient of variation (CV), and electrical ventricular activation complexity, as an approach to myocardial heterogeneity and stability. The VV interval was longer in the trained group than in the control group both prior to atropine (78±10 vs. 68±10 ms) and after atropine (76±8 vs. 67±10 ms). Likewise, FRPVF was longer in the trained group than in the control group both prior to and after atropine (53±8 vs. 42±7 ms and 50±6 vs. 40±6 ms, respectively), and atropine did not modify FRPVF. The CV of FRPVF was lower in the trained group than in the control group prior to atropine (12.5±1.5% vs. 15.1±3.8%) and, decreased after atropine (15.1±3.8% vs. 12.2±2.4%) in the control group. The trained group showed higher NE values before (0.40±0.04 vs. 0.36±0.05) and after atropine (0.37±0.04 vs. 0.34±0.06; p = 0.08). Training decreased the CV of NE both before (23.3±2% vs. 25.2±4%; p = 0.08) and after parasympathetic blockade (22.6±1% vs. 26.1±5%). Cholinergic blockade did not modify these parameters within the control and trained groups. Activation complexity was lower in the trained than in the control animals before atropine (34±8 vs. 41±5), and increased after atropine in the control group (41±5 vs. 48±9, respectively). Thus, training decreases the intrinsic heterogeneity of the myocardium, increases electrophysiological stability, and prevents some modifications due to muscarinic block.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Such-Miquel
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Health Research Institute (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Laia Brines
- Health Research Institute (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Alberola
- Health Research Institute (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Zarzoso
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Health Research Institute (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Chorro
- Health Research Institute (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Guerrero
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Germán Parra
- Health Research Institute (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Soler
- Health Research Institute (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Guill
- ITACA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Such
- Health Research Institute (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Saleh ZT, Elshatarat RA, Alhurani AS, Maharmeh M, Salami I, Alduraidi H, Alasad J. Perceptions related to cardiovascular disease and physical activity behavior in Arab men: A qualitative study. Heart Lung 2018; 47:345-350. [PMID: 29779704 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the daily physical activity of Arab men living in the United States and to understand how perceptions of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk influence their inclusion of physical activity into their daily routine. METHODS A qualitative descriptive method using a semi-structured face-to-face interview with each participant was conducted. Twenty young college males (age 26 ± 4 years) were recruited from Arab American community centers. RESULTS The qualitative inductive content analysis revealed three main themes: impact of perceived CVD risk on physical activity behavior and perceived barriers and motivators to be physically active. Arab men primarily perceived gaining weight as the most important CVD risk factor that could promote their physical activity behavior. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that unawareness about CVD risk and barriers to regular physical activity must be considered in any intervention to engage Arab men in regular physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zyad T Saleh
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Rami A Elshatarat
- Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah S Alhurani
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud Maharmeh
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Ibrahim Salami
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Hamza Alduraidi
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Jafar Alasad
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wilson LC, Peebles KC, Hoye NA, Manning P, Sheat C, Williams MJA, Wilkins GT, Wilson GA, Baldi JC. Resting heart rate variability and exercise capacity in Type 1 diabetes. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/8/e13248. [PMID: 28420762 PMCID: PMC5408283 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have lower exercise capacity (V̇O2max) than their age‐matched nondiabetic counterparts (CON), which might be related to cardiac autonomic dysfunction. We examined whether Heart Rate Variability (HRV; indicator of cardiac autonomic modulation) was associated with exercise capacity in those with and without T1D. Twenty‐three participants with uncomplicated T1D and 17 matched CON were recruited. Heart rate (HR; ECG), blood pressure (BP; finger photo‐plethysmography), and respiratory rate (respiratory belt) were measured during baseline, paced‐breathing and clinical autonomic reflex tests (CARTs); deep breathing, lying‐to‐stand, and Valsalva maneuver. Baseline and paced‐breathing ECG were analyzed for HRV (frequency‐domain). Exercise capacity was determined during an incremental cycle ergometer test while V̇O2, 12‐lead ECG, and BP were measured. In uncomplicated T1D, resting HR was elevated and resting HRV metrics were reduced, indicative of altered cardiac parasympathetic modulation; this was generally undetected by the CARTs. However, BP and plasma catecholamines were not different between groups. In T1D, V̇O2max tended to be lower (P = 0.07) and HR reserve was lower (P < 0.01). Resting Total Power (TP) had stronger positive associations with V̇O2max (R2 ≥ 0.3) than all other traditional indicators such as age, resting HR, and self‐reported exercise (R2 = 0.042–0.3) in both T1D and CON. Alterations in cardiac autonomic modulation are an early manifestation of uncomplicated T1D. Total Power was associated with reduced exercise capacity regardless of group, and these associations were generally stronger than traditional indicators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke C Wilson
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand .,HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Karen C Peebles
- Cardiovascular Systems Laboratory, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.,Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Neil A Hoye
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Patrick Manning
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Catherine Sheat
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael J A Williams
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gerard T Wilkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Genevieve A Wilson
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - James C Baldi
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Causes and Prevention of Inappropriate Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Shocks. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2017; 10:67-74. [PMID: 29428143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators as a primary prevention therapy has been shown to reduce mortality in patients after cardiac arrest and also with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Yet, inappropriate shocks are variably reported and associated with a reduction in quality of life. Inappropriate shocks are the result of environmental causes leading to electromagnetic interference and inappropriate sensing of external noise, device-related causes from inappropriate sensing of physiologic or pathologic signals, and supraventricular arrhythmias. Strategies to reduce inappropriate shocks include aggressive treatment of supraventricular tachycardia, changes in device programming including prolonged detection time, programming antitachycardic pacing and using discriminator algorithms, and cardiac rehabilitation.
Collapse
|
21
|
Maximal/exhaustive treadmill test features in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: Search for sudden unexpected death biomarkers. Epilepsy Res 2017; 133:83-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
22
|
Nolte IM, Munoz ML, Tragante V, Amare AT, Jansen R, Vaez A, von der Heyde B, Avery CL, Bis JC, Dierckx B, van Dongen J, Gogarten SM, Goyette P, Hernesniemi J, Huikari V, Hwang SJ, Jaju D, Kerr KF, Kluttig A, Krijthe BP, Kumar J, van der Laan SW, Lyytikäinen LP, Maihofer AX, Minassian A, van der Most PJ, Müller-Nurasyid M, Nivard M, Salvi E, Stewart JD, Thayer JF, Verweij N, Wong A, Zabaneh D, Zafarmand MH, Abdellaoui A, Albarwani S, Albert C, Alonso A, Ashar F, Auvinen J, Axelsson T, Baker DG, de Bakker PIW, Barcella M, Bayoumi R, Bieringa RJ, Boomsma D, Boucher G, Britton AR, Christophersen I, Dietrich A, Ehret GB, Ellinor PT, Eskola M, Felix JF, Floras JS, Franco OH, Friberg P, Gademan MGJ, Geyer MA, Giedraitis V, Hartman CA, Hemerich D, Hofman A, Hottenga JJ, Huikuri H, Hutri-Kähönen N, Jouven X, Junttila J, Juonala M, Kiviniemi AM, Kors JA, Kumari M, Kuznetsova T, Laurie CC, Lefrandt JD, Li Y, Li Y, Liao D, Limacher MC, Lin HJ, Lindgren CM, Lubitz SA, Mahajan A, McKnight B, Zu Schwabedissen HM, Milaneschi Y, Mononen N, Morris AP, Nalls MA, Navis G, Neijts M, Nikus K, North KE, O'Connor DT, Ormel J, Perz S, Peters A, Psaty BM, Raitakari OT, Risbrough VB, Sinner MF, Siscovick D, Smit JH, Smith NL, Soliman EZ, Sotoodehnia N, Staessen JA, Stein PK, Stilp AM, Stolarz-Skrzypek K, Strauch K, Sundström J, Swenne CA, Syvänen AC, Tardif JC, Taylor KD, Teumer A, Thornton TA, Tinker LE, Uitterlinden AG, van Setten J, Voss A, Waldenberger M, Wilhelmsen KC, Willemsen G, Wong Q, Zhang ZM, Zonderman AB, Cusi D, Evans MK, Greiser HK, van der Harst P, Hassan M, Ingelsson E, Järvelin MR, Kääb S, Kähönen M, Kivimaki M, Kooperberg C, Kuh D, Lehtimäki T, Lind L, Nievergelt CM, O'Donnell CJ, Oldehinkel AJ, Penninx B, Reiner AP, Riese H, van Roon AM, Rioux JD, Rotter JI, Sofer T, Stricker BH, Tiemeier H, Vrijkotte TGM, Asselbergs FW, Brundel BJJM, Heckbert SR, Whitsel EA, den Hoed M, Snieder H, de Geus EJC. Genetic loci associated with heart rate variability and their effects on cardiac disease risk. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15805. [PMID: 28613276 PMCID: PMC5474732 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced cardiac vagal control reflected in low heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with greater risks for cardiac morbidity and mortality. In two-stage meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies for three HRV traits in up to 53,174 individuals of European ancestry, we detect 17 genome-wide significant SNPs in eight loci. HRV SNPs tag non-synonymous SNPs (in NDUFA11 and KIAA1755), expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) (influencing GNG11, RGS6 and NEO1), or are located in genes preferentially expressed in the sinoatrial node (GNG11, RGS6 and HCN4). Genetic risk scores account for 0.9 to 2.6% of the HRV variance. Significant genetic correlation is found for HRV with heart rate (-0.74<rg<-0.55) and blood pressure (-0.35<rg<-0.20). These findings provide clinically relevant biological insight into heritable variation in vagal heart rhythm regulation, with a key role for genetic variants (GNG11, RGS6) that influence G-protein heterotrimer action in GIRK-channel induced pacemaker membrane hyperpolarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - M Loretto Munoz
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Vinicius Tragante
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Azmeraw T Amare
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar 6000, Ethiopia
| | - Rick Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmad Vaez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands.,School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Benedikt von der Heyde
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
| | - Christy L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
| | - Bram Dierckx
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, PO Box 2060, Rotterdam 3000 CB, The Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2060, Rotterdam 3000 CB, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny van Dongen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie M Gogarten
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | | | - Jussi Hernesniemi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland.,Department of Cardiology, Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland
| | - Ville Huikari
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA.,Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Deepali Jaju
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat-Al Khoudh 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Kathleen F Kerr
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Alexander Kluttig
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale) 06097, Germany
| | - Bouwe P Krijthe
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2060, Rotterdam 3000 CB, The Netherlands
| | - Jitender Kumar
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Heart and Lung, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Adam X Maihofer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA.,Center for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161, USA
| | - Arpi Minassian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA.,Center for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161, USA
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Department of Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80539, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Michel Nivard
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University &VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Erika Salvi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - James D Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Julian F Thayer
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, 33 Bedford Place, London WC1B 5JU, UK
| | - Delilah Zabaneh
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.,University College London Genetics Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mohammad H Zafarmand
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Abdel Abdellaoui
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University &VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Sulayma Albarwani
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat Al-Khoudh 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Christine Albert
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Foram Ashar
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Juha Auvinen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland.,Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Tomas Axelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
| | - Dewleen G Baker
- Center for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Paul I W de Bakker
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Barcella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Riad Bayoumi
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University, PO Box 505055, Dubai Healthcare City, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rob J Bieringa
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University &VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | | | - Annie R Britton
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ingrid Christophersen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Rud 1346, Norway
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- Department of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - George B Ehret
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.,Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Cardiac Arrhythmia Service &Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Markku Eskola
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland.,Department of Cardiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Janine F Felix
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2060, Rotterdam 3000 CB, The Netherlands
| | - John S Floras
- University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S.,Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2060, Rotterdam 3000 CB, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Friberg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maaike G J Gademan
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A Geyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Daiane Hemerich
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands.,CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília DF 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2060, Rotterdam 3000 CB, The Netherlands
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University &VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Heikki Huikuri
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Xavier Jouven
- INSERM U970, Paris Descartes University, Paris 75006, France
| | - Juhani Junttila
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - Antti M Kiviniemi
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Jan A Kors
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, The Netherlands
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,ISER, Essex University, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Tatiana Kuznetsova
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Cathy C Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Joop D Lefrandt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Yong Li
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Duanping Liao
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Marian C Limacher
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Henry J Lin
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Cardiac Arrhythmia Service &Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | | | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Neijts
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University &VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland.,Department of Cardiology, University of Tampere, School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Daniel T O'Connor
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Johan Ormel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Siegfried Perz
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich 80336, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA.,Departments of Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20521, Finland.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Victoria B Risbrough
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA.,Center for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161, USA
| | - Moritz F Sinner
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80539, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - David Siscovick
- The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Johannes H Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas L Smith
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington 98108, USA
| | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Jan A Staessen
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Phyllis K Stein
- Heart Rate Variability Lab, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Adrienne M Stilp
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Katarzyna Stolarz-Skrzypek
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-008, Poland
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Cees A Swenne
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Ann-Christine Syvänen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H1T 1C8.,Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T IJ4
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90509, USA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany
| | - Timothy A Thornton
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Lesley E Tinker
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2060, Rotterdam 3000 CB, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging NCHA), Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Voss
- Institute of Innovative Health Technologies-IGHT Jena Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Kirk C Wilhelmsen
- Departments of Genetics and Neurology University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,The Renaissance Computing Institute, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University &VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Quenna Wong
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Zhu-Ming Zhang
- Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.,Department of Epidemiology &Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Daniele Cusi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, CNR-Italian National Research Council, Milan 20090, Italy.,KOS Genetic SRL, Bresso (Milano) 20091, Italy
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Halina K Greiser
- German Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg 69210, Germany
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Hassan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat Al-Khoudh 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland.,Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's campus, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.,Biocenter Oulu University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80539, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere, School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, 33 Bedford Place, London WC1B 5JU, UK
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Caroline M Nievergelt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA.,Center for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161, USA
| | - Chris J O'Donnell
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA.,Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cardiology Section, Boston Veteran's Administration Healthcare, Boston, Maryland 02132, USA
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Harriëtte Riese
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Arie M van Roon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - John D Rioux
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H1T 1C8.,Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T IJ4
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90509, USA
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Bruno H Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2060, Rotterdam 3000 CB, The Netherlands.,Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague 2511 VX, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, PO Box 2060, Rotterdam 3000 CB, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2060, Rotterdam 3000 CB, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja G M Vrijkotte
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London NW1 2DA, UK.,Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht 3501 DG, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Marcel den Hoed
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University &VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Reynolds LJ, De Ste Croix MBA, James DVB. The Influence of Exercise Intensity on Postexercise Baroreflex Sensitivity. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2017; 88:36-43. [PMID: 28075709 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2016.1265640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of exercise intensity on postexercise supine and tilt baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). METHOD Nine healthy, active men performed 2 conditions of interval cycling of 40% maximal work rate (WRmax) and 75% WRmax of matched work done and a control condition of no exercise in a counterbalanced order. BRS outcome measures were determined at preexercise and postexercise up to +24 hr in supine and tilt positions. R-R interval and blood pressure data were collected over consecutive 10-min periods and were analyzed by Fast Fourier transformation analysis. RESULTS A fully repeated analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction (p < .05) between time and condition in supine for BRSαLF, F(3, 134) = 5.19, p < .05, ES = .39, and BRSTFTG, F(3, 134) = 5.65, p < .05, ES = .41, and in tilt for BRSUpUp, F(3, 134) = 3.54, p < .05, ES = .31, BRSDownDown, F(3, 134) = 5.94, p < .05, ES = .43, BRSαLF, F(4, 134) = 6.23, p < .05, ES = .44, and BRSTFTG, F(4, 134) = 9.22, p < .05, ES = .54. There were significant differences (p < .05) between condition comparisons at +15 min and between control and 75% WRmax and between the 40% WRmax and 75% WRmax conditions at +60 min. At +15 min, BRS was lower in the 75% WRmax condition compared with the 40% WRmax condition and the control condition, and it was lower in the 40% WRmax condition than in the control condition. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate an intensity-dependent relationship in the BRS response following exercise.
Collapse
|
24
|
Borges NR, Reaburn PR, Doering TM, Argus CK, Driller MW. Autonomic cardiovascular modulation in masters and young cyclists following high-intensity interval training. Clin Auton Res 2017; 27:83-90. [PMID: 28154947 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-017-0398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed at examining the autonomic cardiovascular modulation in well-trained masters and young cyclists following high-intensity interval training (HIT). METHODS Nine masters (age 55.6 ± 5.0 years) and eight young cyclists (age 25.9 ± 3.0 years) completed a HIT protocol of 6 x 30 sec at 175% of peak power output, with 4.5-min' rest between efforts. Immediately following HIT, heart rate and R-R intervals were monitored for 30-min during passive supine recovery. Autonomic modulation was examined by i) heart rate recovery in the first 60-sec of recovery (HRR60); ii) the time constant of the 30-min heart rate recovery curve (HRRτ); iii) the time course of the root mean square for successive 30-sec R-R interval (RMSSD30); and iv) time and frequency domain analyses of subsequent 5-min R-R interval segments. RESULTS No significant between-group differences were observed for HRR60 (P = 0.096) or HRRτ (P = 0.617). However, a significant interaction effect was found for RMSSD30 (P = 0.021), with the master cyclists showing higher RMSSD30 values following HIT. Similar results were observed in the time and frequency domain analyses with significant interaction effects found for the natural logarithm of the RMSSD (P = 0.008), normalised low-frequency power (P = 0.016) and natural logarithm of high-frequency power (P = 0.012). CONCLUSION Following high-intensity interval training, master cyclists demonstrated greater post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation compared to young cyclists, indicating that physical training at older ages has significant effects on autonomic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nattai R Borges
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia. .,School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia.
| | - Peter R Reaburn
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia
| | - Thomas M Doering
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia
| | - Christos K Argus
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.,ACT Brumbies Rugby, Canberra, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pandey A, Parashar A, Moore C, Ngo C, Salahuddin U, Bhargava M, Kumbhani DJ, Piccini JP, Fonarow GC, Berry JD. Safety and Efficacy of Exercise Training in Patients With an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2017; 3:117-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
26
|
McKune AJ, Peters B, Ramklass SS, van Heerden J, Roberts C, Krejčí J, Botek M. Autonomic cardiac regulation, blood pressure and cardiorespiratory fitness responses to different training doses over a 12 week group program in the elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 70:130-135. [PMID: 28131974 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The study assessed the effects of different weekly training frequencies performed over a 12 week exercise programme (strength, endurance, balance) on autonomic cardiac activity, blood pressure and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in elderly individuals. METHODS Fifty-eight individuals participated in the study: 2TG (N=24, 71.1±6.4 yrs; 19 females, 5 males) performing two, 60min sessions/week; and 3TG (N=34, 72.3±7.9 yrs; 25 females, 9 males) performing three, 60min sessions/week. Time domain and spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) quantified autonomic cardiac regulation. RESULTS Natural logarithm (Ln) transformation was applied to all HRV parameters. There were significant reductions in total power (Ln TP) (p=0.006), low frequency (Ln LF) (p=0.013), high frequency (Ln HF) (p=0.013) and root mean square of successive differences (Ln rMSSD) (p=0.014) post training in 3TG after intervention. Diastolic BP (DBP) decreased significantly in both groups (2TG: P<0.001; 3TG: P<0.001). Both groups showed significant improvements in six-minute walk distance (2TG: P=0.003, 3TG: P=0.001). However, there were significant HRV differences between 2TG and 3TG for Ln TP (P=0.018), Ln LF (P=0.049), Ln HF (P=0.039) and Ln rMSSD (P=0.049). CONCLUSIONS A combined exercise programme resulted in improved DBP and CRF irrespective of training two or three 60min sessions/week. However, training three, sessions/week induced negative health-related changes in autonomic cardiac activity through reducing HRV parasympathetic function, while HRV was maintained in the group training twice a week.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J McKune
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, UC-Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - B Peters
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - S S Ramklass
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - J van Heerden
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - C Roberts
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; AFC Bournemouth, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - J Krejčí
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Botek
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nederend I, Schutte NM, Bartels M, Ten Harkel ADJ, de Geus EJC. Heritability of heart rate recovery and vagal rebound after exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:2167-2176. [PMID: 27614881 PMCID: PMC5118411 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The prognostic power of heart rate recovery (HRR) after exercise has been well established but the exact origin of individual differences in HRR remains unclear. This study aims to estimate the heritability of HRR and vagal rebound after maximal exercise in adolescents. Furthermore, the role of voluntary regular exercise behavior (EB) in HRR and vagal rebound is tested. Methods 491 healthy adolescent twins and their siblings were recruited for maximal exercise testing, followed by a standardized cooldown with measurement of the electrocardiogram and respiratory frequency. Immediate and long-term HRR (HRR60 and HRR180) and vagal rebound (heart rate variability in the respiratory frequency range) were assessed 1 and 3 min after exercise. Multivariate twin modeling was used to estimate heritability of all measured variables and to compute the genetic contribution to their covariance. Results Heritability of HRR60, HRR180 and immediate and long-term vagal rebound is 60 % (95 % CI: 48–67), 65 % (95 % CI: 54–73), 23 % (95 % CI: 11–35) and 3 % (95 % CI: 0–11), respectively. We find evidence for two separate genetic factors with one factor influencing overall cardiac vagal control, including resting heart rate and respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and a specific factor for cardiac vagal exercise recovery. EB was only modestly associated with resting heart rate (r = −0.27) and HRR (rHRR60 = 0.10; rHRR180 = 0.19) with very high genetic contribution to these associations (88–91 %). Conclusions Individual differences in HRR and immediate vagal rebound can to a large extent be explained by genetic factors. These innate cardiac vagal exercise recovery factors partly reflect the effects of heritable differences in EB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ineke Nederend
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,EMGO + Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, LUMC University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Nienke M Schutte
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO + Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO + Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arend D J Ten Harkel
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, LUMC University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO + Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Giannuzzi P, Mezzani A, Saner H, Björnstad H, Fioretti P, Mendes M, Cohen-Solal A, Dugmore L, Hambrecht R, Hellemans I, McGee H, Perk J, Vanhees L, Veress G. Physical activity for primary and secondary prevention. Position paper of the Working Group on Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology of the European Society of Cardiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 10:319-27. [PMID: 14663293 DOI: 10.1097/01.hjr.0000086303.28200.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is now clear scientific evidence linking regular aerobic physical activity to a significant cardiovascular risk reduction, and a sedentary lifestyle is currently considered one of the five major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In the European Union, available data seem to indicate that less than 50% of the citizens are involved in regular aerobic leisure-time and/or occupational physical activity, and that the observed increasing prevalence of obesity is associated with a sedentary lifestyle. It seems reasonable therefore to provide institutions, health services, and individuals with information able to implement effective strategies for the adoption of a physically active lifestyle and for helping people to effectively incorporate physical activity into their daily life both in the primary and the secondary prevention settings. This paper summarizes the available scientific evidence dealing with the relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular health in primary and secondary prevention, and focuses on the preventive effects of aerobic physical activity, whose health benefits have been extensively documented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Giannuzzi
- 'Salvatore Maugeri' Foundation, Institute for Clinical Care and Research, Veruno, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shelley E. Promoting heart health—a European consensus. Background paper prepared by the Irish Presidency for a meeting in Cork, Ireland, February 2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:87-100. [PMID: 15187812 DOI: 10.1097/01.hjr.0000125756.33795.5f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emer Shelley
- Department of Health and Children, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
do Nascimento Salvador PC, de Aguiar RA, Teixeira AS, Souza KMD, de Lucas RD, Denadai BS, Guglielmo LGA. Are the oxygen uptake and heart rate off-kinetics influenced by the intensity of prior exercise? Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2016; 230:60-7. [PMID: 27181327 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prior exercise on the heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (VO2) off-kinetics after a subsequent high-intensity running exercise. Thirteen male futsal players (age 22.8±6.1years) performed a series of high-intensity bouts without prior exercise (control), preceded by a prior same intensity continuous exercise (CE+CE) and a prior sprint exercise (SE+CE). The magnitude of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOCm-4.25±0.19 vs. 3.69±0.20Lmin(-1) in CE+CE and 3.62±0.18Lmin(-1) in control; p<0.05) and the parasympathetic reactivation (HRR60s-33±3 vs. 37±3bpm in CE+CE and 42±3 bpm in control; p<0.05) in the SE+CE were higher and slower, compared with another two conditions. The EPOCτ (time to attain 63% of total response; 53±2s) and the heart rate time-course (HRτ-86±5s) were significantly longer after the SE+CE condition than control transition (48±2s and 69±5s, respectively; p<0.05). The SE+CE induce greater stress on the metabolic function, respiratory system and autonomic nervous system regulation during post-exercise recovery than CE, highlighting that the inclusion of sprint-based exercises can be an effective strategy to increase the total energy expenditure following an exercise session.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Cesar do Nascimento Salvador
- Physical effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rua Antonio Edu Vieira, Pantanal, CDS/UFSC, Florianopolis 88040-970, SC, Brazil, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Alves de Aguiar
- Human Performance Research Group, Center of Health and Sport Sciences, Santa Catarina State University, Rua Pascoal Simone, 358, Coqueiros, Florianopolis CEP: 88080-350, SC, Brazil, Brazil.
| | - Anderson Santiago Teixeira
- Physical effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rua Antonio Edu Vieira, Pantanal, CDS/UFSC, Florianopolis 88040-970, SC, Brazil, Brazil.
| | - Kristopher Mendes de Souza
- Physical effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rua Antonio Edu Vieira, Pantanal, CDS/UFSC, Florianopolis 88040-970, SC, Brazil, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Dantas de Lucas
- Physical effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rua Antonio Edu Vieira, Pantanal, CDS/UFSC, Florianopolis 88040-970, SC, Brazil, Brazil.
| | - Benedito Sérgio Denadai
- Human Performance Laboratory, UNESP, Avenida 24 A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro CEP: 13506-900, SP, Brazil, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Guilherme Antonacci Guglielmo
- Physical effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rua Antonio Edu Vieira, Pantanal, CDS/UFSC, Florianopolis 88040-970, SC, Brazil, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Serber ER, Fava JL, Christon LM, Buxton AE, Goldberger JJ, Gold MR, Rodrigue JR, Frisch MB. Positive Psychotherapy to Improve Autonomic Function and Mood in ICD Patients (PAM-ICD): Rationale and Design of an RCT Currently Underway. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2016; 39:458-70. [PMID: 26813033 DOI: 10.1111/pace.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving mental and physical health of patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) is critical because this group is at high risk for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death and depressed or anxious cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients appear to be at even higher risk for mortality compared to nondepressed or nonanxious CVD patients. Further, autonomic dysfunction is present in these patients, and negative emotions and arrhythmias form a downward spiral further worsening mood, well-being, and cardiovascular health. Much research demonstrates that positive emotion is related to health benefits, improved physiology, and increased survival. METHODS AND RESULTS This is a two-arm randomized controlled trial aiming to recruit 60 adult ICD patients comparing 12 individually delivered, weekly sessions of: (1) a positive emotion-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (Quality of Life Therapy [QOLT]), and (2) Heart Healthy Education. Autonomic functioning, heart rhythm indices, and psychosocial health are measured at baseline, 3 months, and 9 months. The first goal is feasibility and acceptability, with the primary outcome being arrhythmic event frequency data. CONCLUSION This study is designed to test whether QOLT produces changes in mood, quality of life/well-being, autonomic function, and arrhythmic and ICD therapy event rates. This feasibility trial is a foundational step for the next trial of QOLT to help determine whether a 3-month QOLT trial can reduce arrhythmias occurrences among ICD patients, and examine a mechanism of autonomic functioning. This study may help to develop and implement new medical or psychological therapies for ICD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva R Serber
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Joseph L Fava
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Alfred E Buxton
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Michael R Gold
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - James R Rodrigue
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jia T, Ogawa Y, Miura M, Ito O, Kohzuki M. Music Attenuated a Decrease in Parasympathetic Nervous System Activity after Exercise. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148648. [PMID: 26840532 PMCID: PMC4739605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Music and exercise can both affect autonomic nervous system activity. However, the effects of the combination of music and exercise on autonomic activity are poorly understood. Additionally, it remains unknown whether music affects post-exercise orthostatic tolerance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of music on autonomic nervous system activity in orthostatic tolerance after exercise. Twenty-six healthy graduate students participated in four sessions in a random order on four separate days: a sedentary session, a music session, a bicycling session, and a bicycling with music session. Participants were asked to listen to their favorite music and to exercise on a cycle ergometer. We evaluated autonomic nervous system activity before and after each session using frequency analysis of heart rate variability. High frequency power, an index of parasympathetic nervous system activity, was significantly increased in the music session. Heart rate was increased, and high frequency power was decreased, in the bicycling session. There was no significant difference in high frequency power before and after the bicycling with music session, although heart rate was significantly increased. Additionally, both music and exercise did not significantly affect heart rate, systolic blood pressure or also heart rate variability indices in the orthostatic test. These data suggest that music increased parasympathetic activity and attenuated the exercise-induced decrease in parasympathetic activity without altering the orthostatic tolerance after exercise. Therefore, music may be an effective approach for improving post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation, resulting in a faster recovery and a reduction in cardiac stress after exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Jia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ogawa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Misa Miura
- Course of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, National University Corporation Tsukuba University of Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Osamu Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kohzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Exercise induces the synthesis of estrogen in ovariectomized Sprague–Dawley rats ventricular myocardium trough increase expression of CYP19aromatase. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-015-0245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
34
|
Kappus RM, Ranadive SM, Yan H, Lane-Cordova AD, Cook MD, Sun P, Harvey IS, Wilund KR, Woods JA, Fernhall B. Sex differences in autonomic function following maximal exercise. Biol Sex Differ 2015; 6:28. [PMID: 26629325 PMCID: PMC4666049 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-015-0046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure variability, (BPV) and heart rate recovery (HRR) are measures that provide insight regarding autonomic function. Maximal exercise can affect autonomic function, and it is unknown if there are sex differences in autonomic recovery following exercise. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine sex differences in several measures of autonomic function and the response following maximal exercise. Methods Seventy-one (31 males and 40 females) healthy, nonsmoking, sedentary normotensive subjects between the ages of 18 and 35 underwent measurements of HRV and BPV at rest and following a maximal exercise bout. HRR was measured at minute one and two following maximal exercise. Results Males have significantly greater HRR following maximal exercise at both minute one and two; however, the significance between sexes was eliminated when controlling for VO2 peak. Males had significantly higher resting BPV-low-frequency (LF) values compared to females and did not significantly change following exercise, whereas females had significantly increased BPV-LF values following acute maximal exercise. Although males and females exhibited a significant decrease in both HRV-LF and HRV-high frequency (HF) with exercise, females had significantly higher HRV-HF values following exercise. Males had a significantly higher HRV-LF/HF ratio at rest; however, both males and females significantly increased their HRV-LF/HF ratio following exercise. Conclusions Pre-menopausal females exhibit a cardioprotective autonomic profile compared to age-matched males due to lower resting sympathetic activity and faster vagal reactivation following maximal exercise. Acute maximal exercise is a sufficient autonomic stressor to demonstrate sex differences in the critical post-exercise recovery period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Kappus
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, 111 Rivers Street, 038 HCC, Boone, NC 28608-2071 USA ; Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Huimin Yan
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina, Greensboro, NC USA
| | - Abbi D Lane-Cordova
- Department Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Marc D Cook
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - I Shevon Harvey
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Kenneth R Wilund
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Jeffrey A Woods
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Bo Fernhall
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Friedl KE, Knapik JJ, Häkkinen K, Baumgartner N, Groeller H, Taylor NA, Duarte AF, Kyröläinen H, Jones BH, Kraemer WJ, Nindl BC. Perspectives on Aerobic and Strength Influences on Military Physical Readiness. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29 Suppl 11:S10-23. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
36
|
Konstantinidou S, Soultanakis H. Cardiorespiratory responses and reduced apneic time to cold-water face immersion after high intensity exercise. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2015; 220:33-9. [PMID: 26343750 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Apnea after exercise may evoke a neurally mediated conflict that may affect apneic time and create a cardiovascular strain. The physiological responses, induced by apnea with face immersion in cold water (10 °C), after a 3-min exercise bout, at 85% of VO2max,were examined in 10 swimmers. A pre-selected 40-s apnea, completed after rest (AAR), could not be met after exercise (AAE), and was terminated with an agonal gasp reflex, and a reduction of apneic time, by 75%. Bradycardia was evident with immersion after both, 40-s of AAR and after AAE (P<0.05). The dramatic elevation of, systolic pressure and pulse pressure, after AAE, were indicative of cardiovascular stress. Blood pressure after exercise without apnea was not equally elevated. The activation of neurally opposing functions as those elicited by the diving reflex after high intensity exercise may create an autonomic conflict possibly related to oxygen-conserving reflexes stimulated by the trigeminal nerve, and those elicited by exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Konstantinidou
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Division of Aquatic Sports, Ethnikis Antistasis 41, Dafni, 17237 Athens, Greece.
| | - Helen Soultanakis
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Division of Aquatic Sports, Ethnikis Antistasis 41, Dafni, 17237 Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Vernillo G, Agnello L, Barbuti A, Di Meco S, Lombardi G, Merati G, La Torre A. Postexercise autonomic function after repeated-sprints training. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015. [PMID: 26215172 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the effects of an 8-week repeated-sprint (RS) training protocol on postexercise parasympathetic reactivation (PNSr) in healthy adults. METHODS Eighteen male adults (24.3 ± 3.7 years) were assigned to either of two groups. One group (n = 9) performed RS training (EXP, 3 times week(-1), 18 maximal all-out 15-m sprints interspersed with 17 s of passive recovery); the other served as the control group (CON, n = 9). Performance before, during, and after was assessed by measuring RS ability time (S dec) and total sprint time. The subjects were then seated for 10 min immediately after each trial and postexercise HR recovery (HRR), and vagal-related HR variability (HRV) indices were measured. RESULTS All subjects demonstrated a decrease in S dec. However, only EXP showed a decrease in total sprint time (-10.5 % of baseline value). Using a qualitative statistical analysis method, we found a likely to almost certain positive effect of RS training on HR. The mean of each HRR and HRV index indicated a greater change in PNSr in EXP than in CON (e.g. with a 78/22/1 % chance to demonstrate a positive/trivial/negative effect on HRR60s after RS training; 74/21/5 % on LN rMSSD5-10min). Large correlations were noted between the changes in S dec [r = 0.59, 90 % CI (0.43)], total sprint time [r = -0.61 (0.42)] and HRR60s. CONCLUSION RS training seems to be an effective method to improve postexercise PNSr in healthy adults. Also, HRR60s appears to be a method for evaluating positive adaption to RS training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Vernillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Kramer 4/a, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,CeRiSM, Research Center for Sport, Mountain and Health, University of Verona, Roveretos, TN, Italy. .,Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Luca Agnello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Kramer 4/a, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Barbuti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Centro Interuniversitario di Medicina Molecolare e Biofisica Applicata (CIMMBA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Meco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Kramer 4/a, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Giampiero Merati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Kramer 4/a, 20133, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio La Torre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Kramer 4/a, 20133, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Suzic Lazic J, Dekleva M, Soldatovic I, Leischik R, Suzic S, Radovanovic D, Djuric B, Nesic D, Lazic M, Mazic S. Heart rate recovery in elite athletes: the impact of age and exercise capacity. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2015; 37:117-123. [PMID: 26147945 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that postexercise heart rate recovery (HRR) is a valid indicator of sympaticovagal balance. It is also used in prescription and monitoring of athletic training. The purpose of our study was to determine HRR after maximal exercise among elite athletes with respect to age. A total of 274 elite male Caucasian athletes were randomly selected from the larger sample and divided into two groups: adolescent (group Y) and adult athletes (≥18 years; group A). They performed maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill. Heart rate recovery was calculated as the rate of decline of HR from peak exercise to rates 1, 2 and 3 min after cessation of exercise (HRR1, HRR2 and HRR3). A significantly higher HRR1 was found in group A (29·5 ± 15·6 versus 22·4 ± 10·8, P<0·001), but HRR3 was higher in group Y (82·7 ± 10·2 versus 79·9 ± 12·25; P = 0·04). Stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis showed that, among all subjects, the HRR1 alone was independently associated with age (P<0·001). The maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) was in a negative relationship with HRR1 and in a positive one with HRR3 (P<0·05) with respect to all athletes. The HRR during 3 min postexercise should be reported for the purpose of better assessing functional adaptation to exercise among elite athletes as well as the age-associated differences in recovery. Higher values of HRR1 should be expected in older athletes, and HRR3 could be used as an index of aerobic capacity, irrespective of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Suzic Lazic
- University Clinical Center 'Dr. Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje', Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Dekleva
- University Clinical Center 'Zvezdara', Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Soldatovic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Roman Leischik
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Slavica Suzic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Radovanovic
- University Clinical Center 'Dr. Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje', Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Djuric
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Nesic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milivoje Lazic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sanja Mazic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Serbian Institute of Sport and Sports Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
DUARTE ANTONIO, SOARES PEDROPAULO, PESCATELLO LINDA, FARINATTI PAULO. Aerobic Training Improves Vagal Reactivation Regardless of Resting Vagal Control. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 47:1159-67. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
40
|
de Oliveira Ottone V, de Castro Magalhães F, de Paula F, Avelar NCP, Aguiar PF, da Matta Sampaio PF, Duarte TC, Costa KB, Araújo TL, Coimbra CC, Nakamura FY, Amorim FT, Rocha-Vieira E. The effect of different water immersion temperatures on post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113730. [PMID: 25437181 PMCID: PMC4250073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We evaluated the effect of different water immersion (WI) temperatures on post-exercise cardiac parasympathetic reactivation. Methods Eight young, physically active men participated in four experimental conditions composed of resting (REST), exercise session (resistance and endurance exercises), post-exercise recovery strategies, including 15 min of WI at 15°C (CWI), 28°C (TWI), 38°C (HWI) or control (CTRL, seated at room temperature), followed by passive resting. The following indices were assessed before and during WI, 30 min post-WI and 4 hours post-exercise: mean R-R (mR-R), the natural logarithm (ln) of the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent normal R–R (ln rMSSD) and the ln of instantaneous beat-to-beat variability (ln SD1). Results The results showed that during WI mRR was reduced for CTRL, TWI and HWI versus REST, and ln rMSSD and ln SD1 were reduced for TWI and HWI versus REST. During post-WI, mRR, ln rMSSD and ln SD1 were reduced for HWI versus REST, and mRR values for CWI were higher versus CTRL. Four hours post exercise, mRR was reduced for HWI versus REST, although no difference was observed among conditions. Conclusions We conclude that CWI accelerates, while HWI blunts post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation, but these recovery strategies are short-lasting and not evident 4 hours after the exercise session.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius de Oliveira Ottone
- Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Centro Integrado de Pesquisa em Saúde, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Flávio de Castro Magalhães
- Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Centro Integrado de Pesquisa em Saúde, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Fabrício de Paula
- Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Centro Integrado de Pesquisa em Saúde, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Núbia Carelli Pereira Avelar
- Núcleo de Estudos em Reumatologia, Esportiva e Recursos Terapêuticos – Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
| | - Paula Fernandes Aguiar
- Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Centro Integrado de Pesquisa em Saúde, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Pâmela Fiche da Matta Sampaio
- Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Centro Integrado de Pesquisa em Saúde, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Tamiris Campos Duarte
- Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Centro Integrado de Pesquisa em Saúde, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Karine Beatriz Costa
- Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Centro Integrado de Pesquisa em Saúde, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Líliam Araújo
- Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Centro Integrado de Pesquisa em Saúde, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Cândido Celso Coimbra
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fábio Yuzo Nakamura
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Trigueiro Amorim
- Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Centro Integrado de Pesquisa em Saúde, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Etel Rocha-Vieira
- Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Centro Integrado de Pesquisa em Saúde, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Piras A, Persiani M, Damiani N, Perazzolo M, Raffi M. Peripheral heart action (PHA) training as a valid substitute to high intensity interval training to improve resting cardiovascular changes and autonomic adaptation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 115:763-73. [PMID: 25428724 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-3057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study evaluated the effects of peripheral heart action training compared with high intensity interval training on changes in autonomic regulation and physical fitness. METHODS Eighteen young adults (9 women, 9 men) (age 24 ± 3 years, BMI of 22.67 kg/m(2), V'O2max 32.89 ml/kg/min) were randomly assigned to either a high intensity interval training group (n = 8) or a peripheral heart action training (PHA) group (n = 10). Before and after training, maximal whole-body muscular strength, time series of beat-to-beat intervals for heart rate variability, and baroreflex sensitivity were recorded. Arterial baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability were estimated on both time and frequency domains. Physical fitness level was evaluated with maximum oxygen consumption test. RESULTS The effects of PHA whole-body resistance training increased muscular strength and maximum oxygen consumption, with an effect on vagal-cardiac control and cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS After 30 training sessions performed in 3 months, PHA resistance exercise promoted cardiovascular adaptations, with a decrease in the power spectral component of vascular sympathetic activity and an increase in the vagal modulation. Low-frequency oscillation estimated from systolic blood pressure variability seems to be a suitable index of the sympathetic modulation of vasomotor activity. This investigation also want to emphasize the beneficial effects of this particular resistance exercise training, considering also that the increase in muscular strength is inversely associated with all-cause mortality and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, independent of cardiorespiratory fitness levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Piras
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato, 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Serra-Añó P, Montesinos LL, Morales J, López-Bueno L, Gomis M, García-Massó X, González LM. Heart rate variability in individuals with thoracic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2014; 53:59-63. [DOI: 10.1038/sc.2014.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
43
|
Chávez-Pantoja M, López-Mendoza M, Mayta-Tristán P. [Effect of a physiotherapy exercise program on physical performance in institutionalized elderly]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2014; 49:260-265. [PMID: 24997541 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate changes in physical performance in institutionalized older adults through a program of physiotherapy exercises. MATERIALS AND METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted on adults over 60 years-old, institutionalized in Lima, Peru. The exercise program was implemented in 45minutes sessions included warming-up, muscle strengthening exercises, balance, gait training and cooling phase, three times a week for 12 weeks. Physical performance was measured with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) one week before and after the intervention. It included 45 participants, of whom 16 did not attend any of the sessions and was used as a control group. RESULTS The mean age was 77.6±7.1 years, and 62.2% were women. The mean baseline SPPB was 7.0±1.6 in the intervention group, and 6.9±1.9 in the control group (P=.90). A change of 2.6±1.8 was observed in the SPPB of the intervention group versus -1.4±2.0 in the control group (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS The development of a physiotherapy exercise program for institutionalized elderly increases physical performance, which could be implemented in care centers for elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Chávez-Pantoja
- Escuela de Terapia Física, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Villa (Chorrillos), Lima, Perú.
| | - Mariella López-Mendoza
- Escuela de Terapia Física, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Villa (Chorrillos), Lima, Perú
| | - Percy Mayta-Tristán
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Villa (Chorrillos), Lima, Perú
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
KIVINIEMI ANTTIM, TULPPO MIKKOP, ESKELINEN JOONASJ, SAVOLAINEN ANNAM, KAPANEN JUKKA, HEINONEN ILKKAHA, HUIKURI HEIKKIV, HANNUKAINEN JARNAC, KALLIOKOSKI KARIK. Cardiac Autonomic Function and High-Intensity Interval Training in Middle-Age Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 46:1960-7. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
45
|
AAGAARD PHILIP, BRAUNSCHWEIG FRIEDER, WECKE LILIANE, SAHLÉN ANDERS, BERGFELDT LENNART. Early Repolarization in Middle-Age Runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 46:1285-92. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
46
|
Cipryan L, Litschmannova M. Intra-session stability of short-term heart rate variability measurement: gender and total spectral power influence. JOURNAL OF HUMAN SPORT AND EXERCISE 2014. [DOI: 10.4100/jhse.2014.91.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
47
|
Cho MH. Are Korean Adults Meeting the Recommendation for Physical Activity during Leisure Time? J Phys Ther Sci 2014; 26:841-4. [PMID: 25013279 PMCID: PMC4085204 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.26.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine if Korean adults meet their
physical activity recommendations during their leisure time to promote a healthy living.
[Subjects and Methods] The sample included South Korean adults, aged over 20, who were
currently residing in K City, South Korea. The author used a quota sampling technique to
select 1,000 samples. Of the 1,000 questionnaires distributed, 845 questionnaires were
used to conduct a χ2 test. [Results] It was revealed by the questionnaire that
there was a clear distinction in the categories of very high level activity (11.0%), high
level activity (29.1%), acceptable level activity (12.9%), low level activity (9.7%), and
inactive level of physical activity (38.3%) in Korean adults’ leisure time. [Conclusions]
The most interesting finding was that more than half of Korean adults do reach the
recommendation of at least 30 minutes of moderate activity, on three or more days a week
for at least three months. The other interesting finding was that the questionnaire is a
useful instrument suitable for analyzing the recommendations of physical activity,
comprising frequency, intensity, time, and overall duration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Haeng Cho
- Department of Sports and Leisure, College of Humanity, Daegu University, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Caravaca J, Soria-Olivas E, Bataller M, Serrano AJ, Such-Miquel L, Vila-Francés J, Guerrero JF. Application of machine learning techniques to analyse the effects of physical exercise in ventricular fibrillation. Comput Biol Med 2014; 45:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
49
|
Fiuza-Luces C, Garatachea N, Berger NA, Lucia A. Exercise is the real polypill. Physiology (Bethesda) 2014; 28:330-58. [PMID: 23997192 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00019.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of a "polypill" is receiving growing attention to prevent cardiovascular disease. Yet similar if not overall higher benefits are achievable with regular exercise, a drug-free intervention for which our genome has been haped over evolution. Compared with drugs, exercise is available at low cost and relatively free of adverse effects. We summarize epidemiological evidence on the preventive/therapeutic benefits of exercise and on the main biological mediators involved.
Collapse
|
50
|
Barretto F, Ferreira F, Freitas M, Santos V, Correa E, Carvalho C. Eletrocardiografia contínua (Holter) em cães saudáveis submetidos a diferentes exercícios físicos. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352013000600006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes cargas de exercícios físicos no comportamento da frequência e do ritmo cardíaco de cães saudáveis, ao longo das 24 horas de gravação Holter. Utilizaram-se 23 cães, sem restrição de sexo, idade ou raça, dos quais 15 foram submetidos a atividades físicas e pertenciam ao grupo controle. Os resultados mostraram alterações na frequência cardíaca durante as atividades propostas, em que se alcançaram 174±27bpm durante a caminhada leve, 148±30 durante a atividade com bola e 165±26 durante o Cooper. Ademais, observaram-se arritmias, incluindo bloqueios atrioventriculares e extrassístoles e maior número e duração de pausas (até 5s) em repouso, além de uma menor variação na frequência cardíaca (FC) durante o período de sono dos animais do grupo experimental. Esses eventos não foram observados no grupo controle, o que sugere que o exercício físico extenuante interfere na modulação autonômica do coração, podendo predispor a arritmias importantes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F.L. Barretto
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro
| | - F.S. Ferreira
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro
| | | | | | - E.S. Correa
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro
| | - C.B. Carvalho
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro
| |
Collapse
|