1
|
Kothari SF, Devendran A, Kumar A, de Caxias FP, Svensson P. Signal to noise ratio of masticatory muscle activity of functional and non-functional oral tasks. J Oral Rehabil 2024. [PMID: 38837445 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electromyographic activity (EMG) of masticatory muscles during wakefulness is understudied. It is unclear if single channel ambulatory EMG devices are sensitive enough to detect masticatory muscle activity (MMA) during wakefulness. OBJECTIVES To compare the MMA of various oral tasks recorded with a single channel EMG device ((Grindcare4-datalogger Prototype device) (GC4-β)) and a conventional EMG (cEMG) device. METHODS EMG activity of 30 standardised oral tasks was recorded unilaterally from the masseter and anterior temporalis muscle in 24 healthy volunteers using GC4-β and a cEMG device. To compare the EMG data, signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) were calculated as a way to normalise EMG activity across tasks. Analysis of variance was used to compare the SNR between the devices, muscles and oral tasks. RESULTS SNR measured from GC4-β was overall significantly higher than the cEMG device (p =.001). The SNR for maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) was significantly higher than all other tasks (p <.001). SNR for temporalis with GC4-β was significantly higher for MVC, hard food, soft food, gum chewing (dominant side), rhythmic clenching and upper lip biting compared to the cEMG device (p <.021). The SNR for masseter with GC4-β was significantly higher for hard food and gum chewing (dominant side), rhythmic clenching, rhythmic biting of an object and yawning compared to the cEMG device (p <.022). CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel insight into the EMG patterns of numerous oral tasks enhancing knowledge of physiological differences between the masticatory muscles. Further, single channel EMG devices can effectively measure the EMG activity of various oral tasks during wakefulness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simple Futarmal Kothari
- Section for Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation and University Research Clinic, Hammel, Denmark
| | - Anupriyadarshini Devendran
- Section for Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Academic Centre for Geriatric Dentistry, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fernanda P de Caxias
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Peter Svensson
- Section for Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lundberg TR, Larsson G, Alstermark R, Mandić M, Fernandez-Gonzalo R. Relationship between maximal oxygen uptake, within-set fatigue and between-set recovery during resistance exercise in resistance-trained men and women. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:45. [PMID: 38347629 PMCID: PMC10863198 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary aim of this study was to examine the relationship between maximal oxygen update (V̇O2max) and within-set fatigue and between-set recovery during resistance exercise in men and women. METHODS We examined the relationship between V̇O2max and various indices of fatigue and recovery during parallel squats (3 sets, 90 s rest, 70% of 1RM to failure) and isokinetic knee extensions (3 × 10 maximal repetitions at 60 deg/s, 45 s rest) in 28 (age 27.0 ± 3.6 years) resistance-trained subjects (14 men and 14 women). We also examined whether there were sex differences in within-set fatigue and between-set recovery. RESULTS V̇O2max was weakly related to recovery and fatigue in both men and women (range of P-values for V̇O2max as a covariate; 0.312-0.998, range of R-values, 0.005-0.604). There were no differences between the sexes in fatigue within a set for the squat, but men showed less within-set fatigue than women in the first set of the isokinetic knee extension exercise (~ 8% torque loss difference, main effect of sex P = 0.034). Regarding recovery between sets, men showed greater relative peak power (P = 0.016) and peak torque (P = 0.034) loss between sets in both exercises, respectively, compared to women. Women also tended to complete more repetitions than men (main effect of sex, P = 0.057). Loss of peak torque between sets in knee extension was evident in both absolute and relative (%) values in men but not in women. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that aerobic capacity is weakly associated with within-set fatigue and between-set recovery in resistance training in both men and women. Women and men show comparable levels of within-set fatigue in the multi-joint squat, but women show more within-set fatigue during the single-joint isokinetic knee extension compared with men. In contrast, women recover better than men between sets in both exercises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommy R Lundberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, ANA FUTURA, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Huddinge, 14152, Sweden.
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Gustav Larsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, ANA FUTURA, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Huddinge, 14152, Sweden
| | - Rasmus Alstermark
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, ANA FUTURA, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Huddinge, 14152, Sweden
| | - Mirko Mandić
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, ANA FUTURA, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Huddinge, 14152, Sweden
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, ANA FUTURA, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Huddinge, 14152, Sweden
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nishikawa T, Takeda R, Hirono T, Okudaira M, Ohya T, Watanabe K. Differences in acute neuromuscular response after single session of resistance exercise between young and older adults. Exp Gerontol 2024; 185:112346. [PMID: 38104744 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the acute response after resistance exercise between young and older adults. METHODS Seventeen young and 18 older adults performed a single session of resistance exercise, consisting of 3 sets of 10 isometric knee extensions. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), motor unit (MU) activity of the vastus lateralis, and electrically elicited torque of the knee extensor were measured before and after the resistance exercise. RESULTS Although both groups showed the same degree of decline in MVC (young: -15.2 ± 14.3 %, older: -16.4 ± 7.9 %, p = 0.839), electrically elicited torque markedly decreased in the young group (young: -21.5 ± 7.7 %, older: -14.3 ± 9.5 %, p < 0.001), and the decrease in the MU firing rate was greater in the older group (young: -26.1 ± 24.1 %, older: -44.7 ± 24.5 %, p < 0.001). Changes in the MU firing rate following the exercise were correlated with the MU recruitment threshold in the older group (p < 0.001, rs = 0.457), but not young group (p = 0.960). DISCUSSION These results showed that young adults exhibited a greater acute response in the peripheral component, whereas older adults showed a greater acute response in the central component of the neuromuscular system, and the acute response in MUs with a high recruitment threshold following resistance exercise was smaller than in those with a low recruitment threshold in older adults. These findings may partly explain why there are different chronic adaptations to resistance training between young and older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan; Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takeda
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirono
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Okudaira
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan; Faculty of Education, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ohya
- Laboratory for Exercise Physiology and Biomechanics, Graduate School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lowe TW, Tenan MS, Shah K, Griffin L. Low-load blood flow restriction reduces time-to-minimum single motor unit discharge rate. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:2795-2805. [PMID: 37874365 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Resistance training with low loads in combination with blood flow restriction (BFR) facilitates increases in muscle size and strength comparable with high-intensity exercise. We investigated the effects of BFR on single motor unit discharge behavior throughout a sustained low-intensity isometric contraction. Ten healthy individuals attended two experimental sessions: one with, the other without, BFR. Motor unit discharge rates from the tibialis anterior (TA) were recorded with intramuscular fine-wire electrodes throughout the duration of a sustained fatigue task. Three 5-s dorsiflexion maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) were performed before and after the fatigue task. Each participant held a target force of 20% MVC until endurance limit. A significant decrease in motor unit discharge rate was observed in both the non-BFR condition (from 13.13 ± 0.87 Hz to 11.95 ± 0.43 Hz, P = 0.03) and the BFR condition (from 12.95 ± 0.71 Hz to 10.9 ± 0.75 Hz, P = 0.03). BFR resulted in significantly shorter endurance time and time-to-minimum discharge rates and greater end-stage motor unit variability. Thus, low-load BFR causes an immediate steep decline in motor unit discharge rate that is greater than during contractions performed without BFR. This shortened neuromuscular response of time-to-minimum discharge rate likely contributes to the rapid rate of neuromuscular fatigue observed during BFR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Lowe
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Matthew S Tenan
- The Blanchette Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kena Shah
- Select Physical Therapy, Spring, TX, USA
| | - Lisa Griffin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, 1University Station, D3700, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nuzzo JL. Narrative Review of Sex Differences in Muscle Strength, Endurance, Activation, Size, Fiber Type, and Strength Training Participation Rates, Preferences, Motivations, Injuries, and Neuromuscular Adaptations. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:494-536. [PMID: 36696264 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nuzzo, JL. Narrative review of sex differences in muscle strength, endurance, activation, size, fiber type, and strength training participation rates, preferences, motivations, injuries, and neuromuscular adaptations. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 494-536, 2023-Biological sex and its relation with exercise participation and sports performance continue to be discussed. Here, the purpose was to inform such discussions by summarizing the literature on sex differences in numerous strength training-related variables and outcomes-muscle strength and endurance, muscle mass and size, muscle fiber type, muscle twitch forces, and voluntary activation; strength training participation rates, motivations, preferences, and practices; and injuries and changes in muscle size and strength with strength training. Male subjects become notably stronger than female subjects around age 15 years. In adults, sex differences in strength are more pronounced in upper-body than lower-body muscles and in concentric than eccentric contractions. Greater male than female strength is not because of higher voluntary activation but to greater muscle mass and type II fiber areas. Men participate in strength training more frequently than women. Men are motivated more by challenge, competition, social recognition, and a desire to increase muscle size and strength. Men also have greater preference for competitive, high-intensity, and upper-body exercise. Women are motivated more by improved attractiveness, muscle "toning," and body mass management. Women have greater preference for supervised and lower-body exercise. Intrasexual competition, mate selection, and the drive for muscularity are likely fundamental causes of exercise behaviors in men and women. Men and women increase muscle size and strength after weeks of strength training, but women experience greater relative strength improvements depending on age and muscle group. Men exhibit higher strength training injury rates. No sex difference exists in strength loss and muscle soreness after muscle-damaging exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James L Nuzzo
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hinnekens S, Bara J, Scheen P, Hidalgo B. Sex-related differences in motor control strategies during isometric contractions in the Sorensen test posture with different external loading. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2022; 36:651-660. [PMID: 36530075 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-220058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a sex-related difference in strength and endurance in trunk muscles: males have more strength while females have more endurance. OBJECTIVE Investigate sex-related differences in motor control strategies in back muscles during isometric contractions (IC) in the Sorensen test posture. METHODS Thirty-six healthy and young volunteers performed different tasks: three maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) tests recorded with a bio-feedback force sensor, and followed by five loaded IC (LIC) tests using bodyweight and loads of 0 to 8 kg with a 2-kg step. Surface electromyography was used to measure the activity of bilateral lumbar paravertebral (LP) and quadratus lumborum (QL) muscles. RESULTS Sex-related and load-related differences in EMG amplitudes were highlighted during LIC tests. Females showed significantly (p-value = 0.02) greater EMG amplitude for the highest load (8 kg) than males. Besides, significant differences between low (2 and 4 kg) and high (6 and 8 kg) loads for both LP and QL muscles and for both sexes were observed. Finally, for MVC tests, males produced significantly (p-value = 1.02e-4) greater strength during MVC tests (4.25 ± 1.37 N/kg vs 2.60 ± 0.78 N/kg). CONCLUSION The results were clinically relevant to bring attention to load strategy during rehabilitation, particularly in females who seemed to recruit the QL muscle more.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hinnekens
- Mechatronic, Electrical Energy & Dynamic Systems (MEED), Institute of Mechanics, Materials & Civil Engineering (iMMC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Julie Bara
- Faculté des Sciences de la Motricité, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pauline Scheen
- Faculté des Sciences de la Motricité, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Hidalgo
- Faculté des Sciences de la Motricité, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.,Neuromusculoskeletal Lab (NMSK), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Haute Ecole Léonard de Vinci, Département de Kinésithérapie, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vatovec R, Kozinc Ž, Voglar M. The Effects of Isometric Fatigue on Trunk Muscle Stiffness: Implications for Shear-Wave Elastography Measurements. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9476. [PMID: 36502176 PMCID: PMC9735660 DOI: 10.3390/s22239476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Muscle stiffness has been implicated as a possible factor in low back pain risk. There are few studies on the effects of isometric fatigue on the shear modulus of trunk muscles. This study aimed to investigate the effects of trunk isometric fatigue on the passive and active (during low and high-level contractions) shear moduli of the erector spinae (ES) and superficial and deep multifidus (MF) muscles. We assessed passive and active shear modulus using shear-wave elastography in healthy young participants (n = 22; 11 males, 11 females), before and after an isometric trunk extension fatigue protocol. Maximal voluntary force decreased from 771.2 ± 249.8 N before fatigue to 707.3 ± 204.1 N after fatigue (-8.64%; p = 0.003). Passive shear modulus was significantly decreased after fatigue in the MF muscle (p = 0.006-0.022; Cohen's d = 0.40-46), but not the ES muscle (p = 0.867). Active shear modulus during low-level contraction was not affected by fatigue (p = 0.697-0.701), while it was decreased during high-level contraction for both muscles (p = 0.011; d = 0.29-0.34). Sex-specific analysis indicated the decrease in ES shear modulus was significant in males (p = 0.015; d = 0.31), but not in females (p = 0.140). Conversely, the shear modulus in superficial MF had a statistically significant decrease in females (p = 0.002; d = 0.74) but not in males (p = 0.368). These results have important implications for further investigations of the mechanistic interaction between physical workloads, sex, muscle stiffness (and other variables affecting trunk stability and neuromuscular control), and the development/persistence of low back pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rok Vatovec
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska Polje 42, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Kozinc
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska Polje 42, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia
- Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Muzejski trg 2, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Matej Voglar
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska Polje 42, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vymyslický P, Pavlů D, Pánek D. Effect of Mental Task on Sex Differences in Muscle Fatigability: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13621. [PMID: 36294199 PMCID: PMC9603675 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous research demonstrated that there are observable sex differences in developing muscle fatigue when mental task during fatiguing activity is present; however, there is no available review on this matter. Therefore, this review aimed to summarize the findings of previous studies investigating the effect of mental task on muscle fatigue in men and women. To conduct the review, we utilized searches using the electronic databases Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO Cinahl Ultimate. The studies included had no limited publication date and examined the effects of mental task on muscle fatigue in a healthy adult population of any age. The evaluation was performed using the following criteria: time to failure, or subjective scale in various modifications (visual analog scale-VAS, rate of perceived effort-RPE, rate of perceived fatigue-RPF, rate of perceived discomfort-RPD). A total of seven studies met the set criteria, which were subsequently analyzed. Heavy mental task (more demanding math tasks) can reduce the time to failure for both men and women, with the reduction being more pronounced for women than for men. For light mental task (simple math tasks), no reduction in time to failure was observed to a great extent. The mental task in any of the included studies did not affect the subjective perception of fatigue, effort, discomfort, or pain. Although the studies investigating the effect of mental task on sex differences in muscle fatigability are limited, based on our findings we can assume that in jobs requiring heavier mental task, women may be more prone to the faster development of muscle fatigue; thus, employers might consider paying attention to the possibility of adequate rest.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wah SW, Chatchawan U, Chatprem T, Puntumetakul R. Prevalence of Static Balance Impairment and Associated Factors of University Student Smartphone Users with Subclinical Neck Pain: Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10723. [PMID: 36078439 PMCID: PMC9518560 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of static balance impairment in university student smartphone users with subclinical neck pain and identify the associated risk factors. Because of rapid and widespread smartphones use, and the subsequent effect on neck pain in university students, it is essential to determine the prevalence of balance impairment and associated factors in this population. Simple random sampling was completed among eighty-one participants in this cross-sectional study. A self-reported questionnaire, fitted precisely for smartphone users, was used prior to clinical assessment by the Balance Error Scoring System. Both simple and multiple logistic regressions were used to analyze the prevalence of static balance impairment and associated factors. The prevalence of static balance impairment in university student smartphone users with subclinical neck pain was 74.07% (95% CI: 64.32 to 83.82). The significant risk factors were "daily smartphone use ≥ 4 h'' (AOR: 19.24 (95% CI 4.72 to 78.48) p = 0.000), "≥4 years of smartphone use" (AOR: 5.01 (95% CI 1.12 to 22.38) p = 0.035), and "≥7 neck disability index score'' (AOR: 12.91 (95% CI 2.24 to 74.45) p = 0.004). There was a high prevalence of static balance impairment in university smartphone users with subclinical neck pain. University student smartphone users with subclinical neck pain who met at least one of the risk factors should realize their static balance impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saw Wah Wah
- Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Research Center of Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Uraiwan Chatchawan
- Research Center of Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thiwaphon Chatprem
- Research Center of Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Rungthip Puntumetakul
- Research Center of Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lan KW, Jiang LL, Yan Y. Comparative study of surface electromyography of masticatory muscles in patients with different types of bruxism. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:6876-6889. [PMID: 36051132 PMCID: PMC9297420 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i20.6876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bruxism is a rhythmic masticatory muscle activity that occurs involuntarily in a non-physiologically functional state. There is a lack of research classifying the functional status of masticatory muscles in patients with different mandibular movement types (centric clenching or eccentric grinding) of bruxism.
AIM To assess the differences of the masticatory muscle activity in patients with different types of bruxism.
METHODS A total of 21 subjects with centric bruxism (CB) and 21 subjects with eccentric bruxism (ECB) were screened from college students according to a questionnaire and their tooth wear features. Sixteen subjects with no bruxism were also recruited. The surface electromyography (EMG) signals of the temporalis anterior (TA) and superficial masseter muscle (MM) were measured in different mandibular positions and during the chewing task. The EMG amplitude and chewing cycle duration parameters were then analyzed.
RESULTS The CB group showed fewer muscle maximal motor units, with the MM being more pronounced, a higher proportion of muscle contractions to be recruited for the same load of chewing activity, and a longer chewing cycle. The ECB group showed more TA maximal motor units and higher MM activity on the non-working side in unilateral chewing.
CONCLUSION CB mainly affects the MM, and patients with CB show reduced masticatory muscle contraction efficiency and chewing cycle efficiency. ECB mainly affects the TA, and patients with ECB show enhanced contraction of non-functional lateral muscle bundles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Wen Lan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liu-Lin Jiang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Yan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lewis MH, Siedler MR, Lamadrid P, Ford S, Smith T, SanFilippo G, Waddell B, Trexler ET, Buckner S, Campbell BI. Sex Differences May Exist for Performance Fatigue but Not Recovery After Single-Joint Upper-Body and Lower-Body Resistance Exercise. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:1498-1505. [PMID: 35333210 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Lewis, MH, Siedler, MR, Lamadrid, P, Ford, S, Smith, T, SanFilippo, G, Waddell, B, Trexler, ET, Buckner, S, and Campbell, BI. Sex differences may exist for performance fatigue but not recovery after single-joint upper-body and lower-body resistance exercise. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1498-1505, 2022-This study evaluated sex differences in performance recovery and fatigue during dynamic exercise. Twenty-eight resistance-trained males (n = 16) and females (n = 12) completed a repeated-measures, randomized, parallel-groups design. The protocol consisted of a baseline assessment, a recovery period (4, 24, or 48 hours), and a postrecovery assessment. The assessments were identical consisting of 4 sets of 10 repetition maximum (10RM) bicep curls and 4 sets of 10RM leg extensions to failure. Recovery was quantified as the number of total repetitions completed in the postrecovery bout. Fatigue was quantified as the number of repetitions completed set to set within the session. For analysis, we set the level of significance at p ≤ 0.05. No sex differences in performance recovery were observed across any of the investigated time periods for either exercise modality. Regarding fatigue, significant effects were observed for set (p < 0.001) and sex (p = 0.031) for bicep curls. Repetitions dropped in later sets, and females generally completed a greater number of repetitions than males (8.8 ± 0.5 vs. 7.2 ± 0.5). For leg extension, a significant sex × set interaction was observed (p = 0.003), but post hoc tests revealed these sex differences as marginal. Our results suggest that in dynamic bicep curls and leg extensions, other factors unrelated to sex may be more impactful on performance recovery. To optimize an athlete's desired adaptations, it may be more important to consider other variables unrelated to sex such as volume, perceived exertion, and training history when formulating training prescriptions for single-joint exercises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan H Lewis
- Exercise Science Program, University of South Florida, Tampa FL
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jo D, Goubran M, Bilodeau M. Sex differences in central and peripheral fatigue induced by sustained isometric ankle plantar flexion. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2022; 65:102676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2022.102676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
13
|
Horobeanu C, Pullinger SA, Paulus J, Savoia C, Wong FY, Seurot A, Croisier JL, Forthomme B. Sex differences in shoulder performance fatiguability are affected by arm position, dominance and muscle group. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:299. [PMID: 35351091 PMCID: PMC8962062 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05232-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Injury prevalence data, muscle strength, and fatiguability differ between males and females. In addition, arm spatial orientation affects muscle activation and strength of the shoulder muscles. Nevertheless, little research has been conducted in relation to the shoulder rotator muscles comparing men and women. Therefore, the main aim of of this study was to perform a comparative investigation between two arm spatial orientations (45° and 90° of abduction in the frontal plane) during a fatigue assessment of the internal rotator (IR) and external rotator (ER) shoulder muscles. Secondly, the interaction between sex and dominance with muscular performance was assessed. Methods Forty healthy sedentary participants, 20 males and 20 females took part in this study. Participants performed a fatigue resistance protocol consisting of 30 consecutive maximal concentric contractions of the IR and ER shoulder muscles in a supine position at a speed of 180°/s. The upper limb was abducted to an angle of 45° or 90° in the frontal plane and each participant was tested on the dominant and nom-dominant side, counterbalanced in order of administration. Performance measures of Induced Fatigue (IF; %), Cumulated Performance (C.Perf; J) and Best Repetition (BR; J) were calculated and used for analysis. IF represents the % difference between the amount of work done over the last 3 and first 3 repetitions, BR represents the largest amount of work done during a single contraction, and C.Perf represents the total amount of work done during all repetitions. Results Muscle group was the only factor to display significant variation when not considering other factors, with higher values for C.Perf (mean difference = 353.59 J, P < 0.0005), BR (mean difference = 14.21 J, P < 0.0005) and IF (mean difference = 3.65%, P = 0.0046). There was a significant difference between both angles, with higher values observed at 90° compared to 45° of abduction for C.Perf by ~ 7.5% (mean difference = 75 to 152 J) and ~ 10.8% (mean difference = 5.1 to 9.4 J) for BR in the ER, in males and females respectively (P < 0.0005). The dominant arm was significantly stronger than the non-dominant arm for C.Perf by 11.7% (mean difference = 111.58 J) for males and by 18% (mean difference = 82.77 J) for females in the ER at 45° abduction. At 90° abduction, only females were stronger in the dominant arm by 18.8% (mean difference = 88.17 J). Values for BR ranged from 9.2 to 21.8% depending on the abduction angle and sex of the athlete (mean difference = 2.44 – 4.85 J). Males were significantly stronger than females by 48.8 to 50.7% for values of C.Perf and BR in both the IR and ER (P < 0.0005). There was a significant difference between the ER and IR muscles, with significantly higher values observed for the IR in C.Perf (mean difference = 331.74 J) by 30.0% and in BR (mean difference = 13.31 J) by 26.64%. Discussion Differences in shoulder performance fatiguability between sexes are affected by arm position, arm dominance and muscle groups. In agreement with the literature, performance values in males were approximately 50% higher than in females. However, the amount of IF was no different between both sexes. Based on findings in literature, it could be suggested that this is due to differences between males and females in motor control and/or coordination strategies during repetitive tasks. In addition, we also observed the IR muscles to be significantly stronger than the ER muscles. It has long been established in literature that these observations are due to the muscle-size differences between both muscle groups, where the IR muscles can produce a larger amount of force due to the larger cross-sectional area. Results of our study found similar ER:IR ratios compared to previous reports. Conclusion Therefore, these findings are useful for clinicians when monitoring rehabilitation programs in sedentary individuals following shoulder injuries.
Collapse
|
14
|
Minoshima Y, Nishimura Y, Tsuboi H, Sato H, Ogawa T, Kamijo YI, Umezu Y, Tajima F. Differences in Muscle Fatigability of Vastus Medialis between Sexes Using Surface Electromyographic Power Spectral Analysis in Healthy Adults. Prog Rehabil Med 2022; 7:20220051. [PMID: 36188139 PMCID: PMC9475374 DOI: 10.2490/prm.20220051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: With a relatively high percentage of type I fibers in the vastus medialis (VM), its
fatigability may be more sensitive to the effects of muscle activity in the quadriceps.
However, sex-related differences in the muscle fatigability of the VM remain unknown.
The purpose of the present study was to assess the differences in fatigability of the VM
between healthy adult men and women. Methods: Surface electromyographic (EMG) activities of VM oblique (VMO) and VM long (VML) were
recorded during sustained isometric contraction on a leg press machine. The results of
EMG power spectral analysis were compared between healthy adult men and women. The
decline in the median frequency (MF), defined as MF slope, was calculated using spectrum
analysis after fast Fourier transform of the raw EMG signals of VMO and VML. Results: The endurance time and the MF slopes of the VMO and VML were significantly longer and
lower, respectively, in women than in men. The present results demonstrated that both
VMO and VML are more fatigue-resistant in women than in men. Conclusions: Understanding the sex differences in fatigability could help to design more effective
exercise regimens for VMO and VML in healthy individuals. A similar approach should be
considered when prescribing practical exercise regimens for patients with muscle
atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Minoshima
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yukihide Nishimura
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuboi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Department of Rehabilitation, Konan Medical Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Chuzan Hospital Clinical Education and Research Center, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yoshi-ichiro Kamijo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Yuichi Umezu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kokura Rehabilitation Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Tajima
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Keller JL, Anders JPV, Neltner TJ, Housh TJ, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO. Sex differences in muscle excitation and oxygenation, but not in force fluctuations or active hyperemia resulting from a fatiguing, bilateral isometric task. Physiol Meas 2021; 42. [PMID: 34847546 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac3e86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
It remains to be fully elucidated if there are sex-specific physiological adjustments within the human neuromuscular and vascular systems that contribute to symptoms of fatigue during a sustained bilateral task. This, in part, is likely due to various limitations in experimental design such as an inability to independently record force fluctuations from each limb.Objective. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine the fatigue-induced changes in muscle excitation, force fluctuations, skeletal muscle tissue saturation (StO2), and muscle blood flow resulting from a sustained, bilateral task.Approach. Thirty healthy, college-aged adults (15 males, 15 females) performed a bilateral leg task at 25% of maximum voluntary isometric (MVIC). Before and after the task, MVICs were completed. Resting and post-task femoral artery blood flow (FABF) were determined. Muscle excitation was quantified as electromyographic amplitude (EMG AMP) from the right and left vastus lateralis. During the task, force fluctuations were determined independently from each leg. The StO2signal was collected with a near-infrared spectroscopy device attached to the right vastus lateralis. The rate of change in these variables was calculated via simple linear regression. The exercise-induced magnitude of change in MVIC (i.e. performance fatigability) and FABF (i.e. active hyperemia) was determined.Main Results. There was no sex difference in the percent decline in MVIC (20.5 ± 20.1% versus 16.4 ± 3.5%;p> 0.05). There were no inter-leg differences in EMG AMP or force fluctuations. The males exhibited a faster rate of increase in EMG AMP (b= 0.13 versusb= 0.08;p< 0.001), whereas the females exhibited a slower rate of decline in StO2(b= -0.049 versusb= -0.080). There was no sex difference in force fluctuations or change in FABF.Significance. Males and females likely have different neuromuscular strategies and muscle characteristics, but these did not elicit a sex difference in performance fatigability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Keller
- Integrative Laboratory of Exercise and Applied Physiology (iLEAP), Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, College of Education and Professional Studies, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36606, United States of America
| | - John Paul V Anders
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Education, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States of America
| | - Tyler J Neltner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Education, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States of America
| | - Terry J Housh
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Education, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States of America
| | - Richard J Schmidt
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Education, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States of America
| | - Glen O Johnson
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Education, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lehecka BJ, Smith BS, Rundell T, Cappaert TA, Hakansson NA. The Reliability and Validity of Gluteal Endurance Measures (GEMs). Int J Sports Phys Ther 2021; 16:1442-1453. [PMID: 34909251 PMCID: PMC8637266 DOI: 10.26603/001c.29592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gluteals have unique morphology related to muscle endurance, including moderate fiber sizes and a majority of Type I endurance fibers. Evidence suggests gluteal endurance is related to low back pain, running kinematics, balance, posture, and more. However, reliable and valid measures specific to gluteal endurance are lacking in the literature. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the intra- and inter-rater reliability of two gluteal endurance measures (GEMs) for clinical use. It also aimed to examine validity for the two measures by using electromyography (EMG), recording reasons for task failure, and analyzing differences between demographic groups. STUDY DESIGN Cross-Sectional. METHODS Sixty-eight males and females with and without recurrent low back pain aged 18-35 years were recruited from a university population. Electromyography electrodes were placed on subjects' gluteus maximus and gluteus medius, and each subject performed three trials of GEM-A (abduction endurance) and GEM-B (bridging endurance). Hold times, EMG median frequency (MF) data, and subjective reasons for task failure were analyzed. RESULTS Both GEMs demonstrated high intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.87-0.94) and inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.99). Mean hold times were 104.83 ± 34.11 seconds for GEM-A (abduction endurance) and 81.03 ± 24.79 seconds for GEM-B (bridging endurance). No statistically significant difference was found between subjects with and without recurrent LBP. Median frequency data validated the onset of gluteal fatigue during both measures. Posterolateral hip (gluteal) fatigue was reported as the primary reason for task failure in 93% and 86% of subjects for GEM-A and GEM-B, respectively. CONCLUSION This seminal study of GEM-A (abduction endurance) and GEM-B (bridging endurance) found both measures to be reliable and valid measures of gluteal endurance. Further examination of the GEMs in samples with different types of LBP or hip pain is recommended. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
Collapse
|
17
|
Tsao L, Kim S, Ma L, Nussbaum MA. An exploratory study comparing three work/rest schedules during simulated repetitive precision work. ERGONOMICS 2021; 64:1579-1594. [PMID: 34224340 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2021.1950844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The pattern of work and rest can influence both physical fatigue and task performance in manual operations. However, there is relatively limited evidence regarding the influences of specific work/rest schedules in tasks requiring high repetitiveness and precision demands, along with relatively low exertion levels. Eighteen participants completed an exploratory study that simulated such tasks, to compare the effects of three distinct work/rest schedules (i.e. short frequent [short] and long infrequent breaks [long], and a self-selected schedule) on muscle fatigue, task performance (in terms of accuracy and speed), and preference. Schedules with long or self-selected breaks generally induced less muscle fatigue, compared with the short break condition. Participants preferred the self-selected condition the most and the long-break condition the least. The different schedules tested did not influence task performance. A self-selected schedule may be beneficial for repetitive precision task, to achieve a balance across muscle fatigue, task performance, and individual preference. Practitioner summary: Influences of three work/rest schedules (i.e. short and long breaks, and a self-selected schedule) on fatigue, performance, and preference were explored during repetitive precision tasks. Schedules with long or self-selected breaks induced less muscle fatigue and none of the three schedules influenced performance. A self-selected schedule was the most preferred.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuxing Tsao
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Teaching Center for Writing and Communication, School of Humanities, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sunwook Kim
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Maury A Nussbaum
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Impact of Training Protocols on Lifting Velocity Recovery in Resistance Trained Males and Females. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9110157. [PMID: 34822356 PMCID: PMC8618037 DOI: 10.3390/sports9110157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that sex differences exist in recovery following strength training. This study aimed to investigate the differences in recovery kinetics between resistance trained males and females following two different back squat (BSq) protocols. The first protocol (eight females and eight males) consisted of five sets of five repetitions at 80% of their one-repetition maximum (1RM) in the BSq (SMRT), while the second (seven females and eight males) consisted of five sets to muscular failure (MF) with a 4–6RM load (RMRT). The recovery was quantified with the mean concentric velocity (MV) at 80% of the 1RM immediately before and 5 min, 24, 48, and 72 h after the training protocol. Following the SMRT, a significant between-sex difference, favoring the females, was observed at 5 min, 24 h, and 48 h following the SMRT (p < 0.05, Effect Size (ES) = 1.01–2.25). Following the RMRT, only the males experienced a significant drop in performance after 5 min compared to the baseline (p = 0.025, ES = 1.34). However, no sex differences were observed at any timepoint (p > 0.05). These results suggest that males experienced more fatigue than females following a protocol where the volume relative to the 1RM was matched, while no differences in fatigue were evident following a protocol in which multiple sets were performed to MF.
Collapse
|
19
|
Carroll C. Female excellence in rock climbing likely has an evolutionary origin. Curr Res Physiol 2021; 4:39-46. [PMID: 34746825 PMCID: PMC8562198 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body is exceptional for many reasons, not the least of which is the wide variety of movements it is capable of executing. Because our species is able to execute so many discrete activities, researchers often disagree on which were the movements most essential to the evolution of our species. This paper continues a recently introduced analysis, that the performance gap between female and male athletes narrows in sports which most reflect the movements humans evolved to do. Here, I examine the performance gap in rock climbing. Female climbers are some of the best in the world irrespective of gender, a trend that is not found in any other major sport. I conclude that the exceptional ability of female rock climbers relative to male rock climbers is further evidence of the existence of sex-blind musculoskeletal adaptations, which developed over the course of human evolution – as a result of external (non-sexual) selection forces – to facilitate essential movements. These adaptations abate some of the general physical sexual dimorphism which exists in humans. This paper provides more evidence that the human body was shaped, in part, by pressure to climb well. Rock climbing is the sport most similar to tree climbing, a movement essential to human development. Multiple women can be found in the list of top 100 rock climbers, a trend not found in any other major sport. Sports with a higher degree of gender equity, may reflect movements with a greater degree of evolutionary importance. Rock climbing’s gender gap provides further evidence that early humans faced external selection pressure to climb well. Thus, the importance of climbing to the survival of humans - even after the onset of genus Homo - may be understated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Collin Carroll
- Columbia University. 2 Broad Street, Westport, CT, 06880, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Silva-Acosta VDC, Román-Godínez I, Torres-Ramos S, Salido-Ruiz RA. Automatic estimation of continuous elbow flexion–extension movement based on electromyographic and electroencephalographic signals. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
21
|
Varrecchia T, Ranavolo A, Conforto S, De Nunzio AM, Arvanitidis M, Draicchio F, Falla D. Bipolar versus high-density surface electromyography for evaluating risk in fatiguing frequency-dependent lifting activities. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2021; 95:103456. [PMID: 33984582 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Workers often develop low back pain due to manually lifting heavy loads. Instrumental-based assessment tools are used to quantitatively assess the biomechanical risk in lifting activities. This study aims to verify the hypothesis that high-density surface electromyography (HDsEMG) allows an optimized discrimination of risk levels associated with different fatiguing lifting conditions compared to traditional bipolar sEMG. 15 participants performed three lifting tasks with a progressively increasing lifting index (LI) each lasting 15 min. Erector spinae (ES) activity was recorded using both bipolar and HDsEMG systems. The amplitude of both bipolar and HDsEMG can significantly discriminate each pair of LI. HDsEMG data could discriminate across the different LIs starting from the fourth minute of the task while bipolar sEMG could only do so towards the end. The higher discriminative power of HDsEMG data across the lifting tasks makes such methodology a valuable tool to be used to monitor fatigue while lifting and could extend the possibilities offered by currently available instrumental-based tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiwana Varrecchia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone, 00040, Rome, Italy; Department of Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via Vito Volterra 62, Roma, Lazio, Italy.
| | - Alberto Ranavolo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone, 00040, Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Conforto
- Department of Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via Vito Volterra 62, Roma, Lazio, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Marco De Nunzio
- LUNEX International University of Health, Exercise and Sports, 50, Avenue du Parc des Sports, Differdange, 4671, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Health & Sport Sciences Research Institute A.s.b.l., 50, Avenue du Parc des Sports, Differdange, 4671, Luxembourg.
| | - Michail Arvanitidis
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B152TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Francesco Draicchio
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone, 00040, Rome, Italy.
| | - Deborah Falla
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B152TT, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Stanford DM, Park J, Jessee MB. Unilateral, bilateral, and alternating muscle actions elicit similar muscular responses during low load blood flow restriction exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2879-2891. [PMID: 34191094 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04757-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Compare acute muscular responses to unilateral, bilateral, and alternating blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise. METHODS Maximal strength was tested on visit one. On visits 2-4, 2-10 days apart, 19 participants completed 4 sets of knee extensions (30% one-repetition maximum) with BFR (40% arterial occlusion pressure) to momentary failure (inability to lift load) using each muscle action (counterbalanced order). Ultrasound muscle thickness was measured at 60% and 70% of the anterior thigh before (Pre), immediately (Post-0), and 5 min (Post-5) after exercise. Surface electromyography and tissue deoxygenation were measured throughout. Results, presented as means, were analyzed with a three-way (sex by time by condition) Bayesian RMANOVA. RESULTS There was a time by sex interaction (BFinclusion: 5.489) for left leg 60% muscle thickness (cm). However, changes from Pre to Post-0 (males: 0.39 vs females: 0.26; BF10: 0.839), Post-0 to Post-5 (males: - 0.05 vs females: - 0.06; BF10: 0.456), and Pre to Post-5 (males: 0.34 vs females: 0.20; BF10: 0.935) did not differ across sex. For electromyography (%MVC), there was a sex by condition interaction (BFinclusion: 550.472) with alternating having higher muscle excitation for females (16) than males (9; BF10: 5.097). Tissue deoxygenation (e.g. channel 1, µM) increased more for males (sets 1: 11.17; 2: 2.91; 3: 3.69; 4: 3.38) than females (sets 1: 4.49; 2: 0.24; 3: - 0.10; 4: - 0.06) from beginning to end of sets (all BFinclusion ≥ 4.295e + 7). For repetitions, there was an interaction (BFinclusion: 17.533), with alternating completing more than bilateral and unilateral for set one (100; 56; 50, respectively) and two (34; 16; 18, respectively). CONCLUSION Alternating, bilateral, and unilateral BFR exercise elicit similar acute muscular responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daphney M Stanford
- Applied Human Health and Physical Function Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, Recreation and Sports Management, The University of Mississippi, 642 All-American Dr, 211-Turner Center, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Joonsun Park
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Matthew B Jessee
- Applied Human Health and Physical Function Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, Recreation and Sports Management, The University of Mississippi, 642 All-American Dr, 211-Turner Center, University, MS, 38677, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Motabar H, Nimbarte AD. Sex Differences in Rotator Cuff Muscles' Response to Various Work-Related Factors. IISE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Factors 2021; 9:1-12. [PMID: 34011247 DOI: 10.1080/24725838.2021.1931562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Occupational ApplicationsDespite the frequency and cost of rotator cuff injuries among male and female workers, very little is known about the strength, endurance, and perceived exertion and electromyographic response of rotator cuff muscles to different exertion levels. In this study, sex differences were studied using muscle-specific maximal and submaximal exertions of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles. Females showed lower strength and endurance, but higher muscle activity and perceived exertion compared to males. The baseline data presented in this paper can assist ergonomic practitioners in determining the worker capacity to ensure that physically-demanding shoulder exertions can be performed without incurring injurious stress. Such data is also essential to establish population norms for the better design of workplace tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Motabar
- Industrial and Management Systems Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ashish D Nimbarte
- Industrial and Management Systems Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Guenka LC, Carrasco AC, Pelegrinelli ARM, Silva MF, Dela Bela LF, Moura FA, Cardoso JR. Influence of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot in adult women in ankle isokinetic performance: a cross-sectional study. J Foot Ankle Res 2021; 14:43. [PMID: 34118961 PMCID: PMC8196527 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-021-00479-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintenance of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) of the foot is fundamental during functional tasks and disorders can lead to clinical alterations. Studies have demonstrated that deficits in ankle isokinetic performance can predispose an individual to lower limb injuries. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the muscular performance of cavus, planus, and normal feet by means of torque/body mass and the isokinetic phases, to generate 3D surface map analysis, and to verify whether there is a relationship between MLA height and arch height flexibility with isokinetic performance. METHODS The sample consisted of 105 healthy adult women, divided into three groups: normal, cavus, and planus. Assessment in concentric mode at 30, 60, and 90 °/s in the dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the ankle joint were analyzed during the three isokinetic phases (acceleration, sustained velocity, and deceleration). The variables total range of motion, peak of torque (PT), and angle of PT were extracted within the sustained velocity. RESULTS In dorsiflexion at 60 °/s, the phase where the velocicty is sustained (load range phase) was higher in the planus group (MeanDifference=10.9 %; ω2p = 0.06) when compared with the cavus group. Deficits in the peak torque/body mass in dorsiflexion at 60 °/s (cavus feet: MD=-3 N.m/kg; ω2p = 0.06; and planus feet: MD=-1.1 N.m/kg; ω2p = 0.06) were also observed as well as in the 3D surface maps, when compared with the normal group. The flexibility of MLA had a negative correlation of PT at 30 °/s in cavus group. The heigth of MLA had a postive correlation with the PT for the cavus and planus group ate 60 °/s. All other results did not show differences between the groups. CONCLUSIONS The planus groups showed a better capacity of attain and sustained the velocity in dorsiflexion in relation the cavus group. The cavus and planus group had deficts in torque in relation the normal. The correlations were weak between the measures of MLA and PT. Thereby, in general the differences between foot types showed small effect in isokinetic muscle performance measures of the plantar and dorsi flexores. TRIAL REGISTRATION Study design was approved by the IRB (#90238618.8.0000.5231).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro C Guenka
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Clinical Epidemiology, PAIFIT Research Group, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, 60, 86038-440, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Aline C Carrasco
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Clinical Epidemiology, PAIFIT Research Group, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, 60, 86038-440, Londrina, PR, Brazil.,Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana F Silva
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Clinical Epidemiology, PAIFIT Research Group, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, 60, 86038-440, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Laís F Dela Bela
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Clinical Epidemiology, PAIFIT Research Group, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, 60, 86038-440, Londrina, PR, Brazil.,Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Moura
- Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PR, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Rosa Cardoso
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Clinical Epidemiology, PAIFIT Research Group, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, 60, 86038-440, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Russ DW, Amano S, Law TD, Thomas JS, Clark BC. Multiple measures of muscle function influence Sorensen Test performance in individuals with recurrent low back pain. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2021; 34:139-147. [PMID: 33136088 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-200079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sorensen Test time-to-task-failure (TTF) predicts several low back pain (LBP) clinical outcomes, including recurrence. Because the test is described as a measure of trunk extensor (TE) muscle endurance, LBP rehabilitation programs often emphasize endurance training, but the direct role of TE muscle function on Sorensen Test-TTF remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To assess the discriminative and associative properties of multiple markers of isolated TE performance with regard to Sorensen Test-TTF in individuals with recurrent LBP. METHOD Secondary analysis of baseline measures from participants in a registered (NCT02308189) trial (10 men; 20 women) was performed. Participants were classified by Sorensen Test-TTF as high, moderate or low risk for subsequent LBP episodes, and compared to determine if classification could discriminate differences in TE function. Correlations between Sorensen Test-TTF and isolated TE performance, anthropometrics and disability were investigated. RESULTS Individuals at risk of subsequent LBP episodes had greater perceived disability and fat mass/TE strength ratios (P⩽ 0.05) than those not at risk. Modest, significant (r= 0.36-0.42, P⩽ 0.05) associations were found between Sorensen Test-TTF, TE endurance and fat mass/TE strength. Exploratory analyses suggested possible sex-specific differences related to Sorensen Test-TTF. CONCLUSIONS Isolated TE muscle endurance is only one of several factors with similar influence on Sorensen Test-TFF, thus LBP rehabilitation strategies should consider other factors, including TE strength, anthropometrics and perceived disability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David W Russ
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.,Division of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation and Communication Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Shinichi Amano
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Timothy D Law
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.,Department of Family Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - James S Thomas
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.,Division of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation and Communication Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Brian C Clark
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Changes in muscle activation, oxygenation, and morphology following a fatiguing repetitive forward reaching task in young adult males and females. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2021; 59:102564. [PMID: 34102382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2021.102564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to evaluate sex-specific 1) muscle activation patterns, hemodynamics, and swelling responses to short-cycle repetitive fatigue; 2) relationships between muscular responses and perceived fatigability. Asymptomatic participants (N = 26, 13 females) completed a repetitive pointing task until 8/10 on the Borg CR10 scale. Upper trapezius (UT), supraspinatus (SUPRA), and biceps brachii (BIC) muscle activation, activation variability (CV), median power frequency (MdPF) and thickness, and UT oxygenation were recorded. Males had higher BIC CV, UT and SUPRA MdPF, and UT and BIC thickness. Longer time to fatigue-terminal was correlated to greater SUPRA activation increase (ρ = 0.624) and BIC MdPF decrease (ρ = -0.674) in males, while in females it was correlated to greater (ρ = -0.657) and lower (ρ = 0.683) decrease of SUPRA and BIC CV, respectively. Male's greater increase in SUPRA thickness correlated to greater increase in UT thickness and tissue oxygenation index, and to lower increase of UT deoxyhemoglobin. Females' greater decrease of SUPRA MdPF correlated to greater decrease of UT MdPF, while greater UT activation increase was related to lower UT thickness increase. Results suggest that despite comparable time to fatigue-terminal, males have greater force-generating capacity and neuromuscular reliance on recruitment and excitation rates, while females have greater reliance on activation variability. Further, there are relationships between hemodynamic and swelling patterns in males, while there are relationships between activation and swelling patterns in females. Although there were no differences in experimental task-induced changes, there are sex-specific relationships between muscular patterns and perceived fatigability, which may help explain sex-specific mechanisms of musculoskeletal disorders.
Collapse
|
27
|
Ha PL, Dalton BE, Alesi MG, Smith TM, VanDusseldorp TA, Feito Y, Hester GM. Isometric versus isotonic contractions: Sex differences in the fatigability and recovery of isometric strength and high-velocity contractile parameters. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14821. [PMID: 33991453 PMCID: PMC8123565 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate potential sex differences in the fatigue‐ and recovery‐induced responses of isometric strength and power, as well as select dynamic contractile parameters after isometric and isotonic plantar flexor (PF) contractions. Healthy males (n = 12; age = 21.8 ± 2.2 years) and females (n = 14; age = 21.4 ± 2.5 years) performed a 2‐min maximal voluntary isometric contraction and 120 concentric isotonic (30% peak isometric torque) contractions of the PFs on separate visits. Isometric strength, isotonic power, as well as torque‐ and velocity‐related parameters were recorded before, immediately after, and throughout 10 min of recovery. Rate of EMG rise (RER) for the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and soleus was also obtained. All measures responded similarly between sexes after both fatiguing modalities (p > 0.05), except RER of the MG which, in males demonstrated both, a greater decrease during isotonic contractions (p = 0.038, ηp2 = 0.174) and more rapid recovery after isometric exercise (p = 0.043, ηp2 = 0.166). Although not significant, a nearly large effect size was demonstrated for the fatigue‐induced decrease in isometric strength (p = 0.061; d = 0.77) due to relative decreases tending to be greater in males (−29% vs. −17%). Regardless of fatiguing modality, sex differences were minimal for fatigue and recovery‐related responses in muscle function for the PFs, although the difference for RER may indicate a unique origin of fatigue. Further support for the disassociation between the response in isometric strength and power after fatiguing exercise was also demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong L Ha
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin E Dalton
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Michaela G Alesi
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Tyler M Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Trisha A VanDusseldorp
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Yuri Feito
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Garrett M Hester
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Martín-San Agustín R, Benítez-Martínez JC, Medina-Mirapeix F, Casaña-Granell J. Sex Differences and Patterns of Muscle Stiffness in the Knee Flexor and Extensor Musculature Through Analysis of Isolated Bellies. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:1044-1049. [PMID: 30273285 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Martín-San Agustín, R, Benítez-Martínez, JC, Medina-Mirapeix, F, and Casaña-Granell, J. Sex differences and patterns of muscle stiffness in the knee flexor and extensor musculature through analysis of isolated bellies. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1044-1049, 2021-Muscle stiffness (MS) is one of the key factors in joint control. The purpose of this study was to determine sex differences in the MS of 5 isolated muscle bellies (biceps femoris [BF], semitendinosus [ST], rectus femoris [RF], vastus medialis [VM], and vastus lateralis [VL]) and in the pattern of differences among their respective MS. Twenty female and 20 male recreational athletes participated. Muscle stiffness was measured by tensiomyography using maximum radial deformation (Dm) as an indirect indicator of MS. Sex differences were observed only in the Dm of RF (mean difference = 2.07 mm, p < 0.05) when values were adjusted by body mass and stature. Males and females showed a similar pattern in the Dm between the muscle bellies: within the hamstrings, ST had a significantly higher Dm than BF in females (3.02 mm) and males (4.28 mm); within the quadriceps, RF also had a significantly higher value than VL and VM in females (6.50 and 7.38 mm, respectively) and males (4.87 and 4.82 mm, respectively). Sex differences in patterns were found between BF and the vastus muscles: the BF of females had a significantly higher Dm than VL (3.78 mm) and VM (4.51 mm), but this was not observed in males. Differences may imply different involvement of the bellies in countering the movements of the lower extremities. Our results can help to direct exercises to improve the MS in certain muscular bellies.
Collapse
|
29
|
Luk HY, Jones MT, Vingren JL. Effect of rest period configurations on systemic inflammatory response in resistance-trained women. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1504-1511. [PMID: 33634732 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1882725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This investigation examined the effect of rest- redistribution (RR) on the circulating cytokine response to resistance exercise in resistance- trained women. Participants (n = 13; 24 ± 4y; 65.0 ± 10.6 kg; 160.5 ± 5.1 cm) completed two sessions of back squats at 70% of 1- repetition maximum: Traditional sets (TS: 4x10, 120-s inter- set rest) and RR (4x 2x5) with 30-s intra- set rest after 5 repetitions and 90-s inter- set rest. Serum creatine kinase (CK), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, and IL-6/IL-10 were determined before (PRE), immediately- post (IP), and 5, 15, 30, 60 min, 24 h, and 48 h post- exercise. CK increased significantly (p < 0.05) from PRE through 24 h for TS and through 48 h for RR. IL-15 was greater for RR than TS at 48 h. A condition effect was found for IL-10 and IL-6/IL-10 with a lower IL-10 and a greater IL-6/IL-10 for RR. A time effect demonstrated that IL-1β and IL-10 peaked at IP. IL-8 was increased from 5 min to 60 min and 24 h. IL-6/IL-10 was increased from PRE to 30 min, 60 min, and 24 h. These results suggested that rest period configuration- specific differences exist for the inflammatory response in trained women during intramuscular homoeostatic disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ying Luk
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Margaret T Jones
- Sport, Recreation, and Tourism Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Jakob L Vingren
- Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
A Neurophysiological Pattern as a Precursor of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Using EEG Combined with EMG. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18042001. [PMID: 33669544 PMCID: PMC7921951 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the neurophysiological pattern that is associated with the development of musculoskeletal pain that is induced by biomechanical constraints. Twelve (12) young healthy volunteers (two females) performed two experimental realistic manual tasks for 30 min each: (1) with the high risk of musculoskeletal pain development and (2) with low risk for pain development. During the tasks, synchronized electroencephalographic (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) signals data were collected, as well as pain scores. Subsequently, two main variables were computed from neurophysiological signals: (1) cortical inhibition as Task-Related Power Increase (TRPI) in beta EEG frequency band (β.TRPI) and (2) muscle variability as Coefficient of Variation (CoV) from EMG signals. A strong effect size was observed for pain measurement under the high risk condition during the last 5 min of the task execution; with muscle fatigue, because the CoV has decreased below 18%. An increase in cortical inhibition (β.TRPI >50%) was observed after the 5th min of the task in both experimental conditions. These results suggest the following neurophysiological pattern—β.TRPI ≥ 50% and CoV ≤ 18%—as a possible indicator to monitor the development of musculoskeletal pain in the shoulder in the context of repeated and prolonged exposure to manual tasks.
Collapse
|
31
|
Barbalho M, Gentil P, Raiol R, Fisher J, Steele J, Coswig V. Influence of Adding Single-Joint Exercise to a Multijoint Resistance Training Program in Untrained Young Women. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:2214-2219. [PMID: 29781936 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Barbalho, M, Gentil, P, Raiol, R, Fisher, J, Steele, J, and Coswig, V. Influence of adding single-joint exercise to a multijoint resistance training program in untrained young women. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2214-2219, 2020-The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of adding single-joint (SJ) exercises to a multijoint (MJ) resistance training (RT) program on muscle strength and anthropometric measures of young women. Twenty untrained women were divided into a group that performed only MJ exercises or a group that performed both SJ and MJ exercises (MJ + SJ). Before and after 8 weeks of training, the participants were tested for 10 repetition maximum (10RM). Flexed arm circumference and triceps and biceps skinfold thickness were also measured. Both groups significantly decreased biceps (-3.60% for MJ and -3.55% for MJ + SJ) and triceps skinfold (-3.05% for MJ and -2.98% for MJ + SJ), with no significant difference between them. Flexed arm circumference significantly increased in both groups; however, increases in MJ + SJ (4.39%) were significantly greater than MJ (3.50%). Increases in 10RM load in elbow extension (28.2% for MJ and 28.0% for MJ + SJ), elbow flexion (29.8% for MJ and 28.7% for MJ + SJ), and knee extension (26.92% for MJ and 23.86% for MJ + SJ) were all significant and not different between groups. The results showed that adding SJ exercises to an MJ RT program resulted in no additional benefits in muscle performance, whilst differences in flexed arm circumference were small, but significant, in untrained women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Barbalho
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, University of the Amazon, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Group of Studies in Physical and Sports Training - GET, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | - Paulo Gentil
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Raiol
- Group of Studies in Physical and Sports Training - GET, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil.,Center for Biological and Health Sciences, University Center of the State of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - James Fisher
- Center for Health, Exercise and Sport Science, Southampton Solent University, Southampton, United Kingdom; and
| | - James Steele
- Center for Health, Exercise and Sport Science, Southampton Solent University, Southampton, United Kingdom; and
| | - Victor Coswig
- Group of Studies in Physical and Sports Training - GET, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil.,Faculty of Physical Education, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Akagi R, Hinks A, Power GA. Differential changes in muscle architecture and neuromuscular fatigability induced by isometric resistance training at short and long muscle-tendon unit lengths. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:173-184. [PMID: 32552430 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00280.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of differential muscle architectural adaptations on neuromuscular fatigue resistance. Seven young males and six females participated in this study. Using a longitudinal within-subject design, legs were randomly assigned to perform isometric training of the tibialis anterior (TA) three times per week for 8 wk at a short (S-group) or long muscle-tendon unit length (L-group). Before and following training, fascicle length (FL) and pennation angle (PA) of the TA were assessed. As well, fatigue-related time course changes in isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque and isotonic peak power (20% MVC resistance) were determined before, immediately after, and 1, 2, 5, and 10 min following task failure. The fatiguing task consisted of repeated maximal effort isotonic (20% MVC resistance) contractions over a 40° range of motion until the participant reached a 40% reduction in peak power. Although there was no clear improvement in neuromuscular fatigue resistance following training in either group (P = 0.081; S-group: ∼20%; L-group: ∼51%), the change in neuromuscular fatigue resistance was related positively to the training-induced increase in PA (∼6%, P < 0.001) in the S-group (r = 0.739, P = 0.004) and negatively to the training-induced increase in FL (∼4%, P = 0.001) in the L-group (r = -0.568, P = 0.043). Both groups recovered similarly for MVC torque and peak power after the fatiguing task as compared with before training. We suggest that the relationships between the changes in muscle architecture and neuromuscular fatigue resistance depend on the muscle-tendon unit lengths at which the training is performed.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Eight weeks of isometric training at a long or short muscle-tendon unit length increased and did not change fascicle length, respectively. The "width" of the torque-angle relationship plateau became broader following isometric training at the long length. Despite marked differences in muscle architecture and functional adaptations between the groups, there was only a small-magnitude improvement in neuromuscular fatigue resistance, which was surprisingly negatively related to increased fascicle length in the long length-training group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Akagi
- College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Avery Hinks
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Power
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lohr C, Schmidt T, Braumann KM, Reer R, Medina-Porqueres I. Sex-Based Differences in Tensiomyography as Assessed in the Lower Erector Spinae of Healthy Participants: An Observational Study. Sports Health 2020; 12:341-346. [PMID: 32511080 DOI: 10.1177/1941738120917932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is mounting evidence on sex-linked differences in paraspinal muscle function, it is unknown whether sex-based variations in mechanical and contractile characteristics of the lumbar erector spinae (LES) can be monitored noninvasively in healthy participants at rest using tensiomyography (TMG). HYPOTHESIS Sex-specific effects in muscle displacement (Dm) and velocity of muscle deformation (Vd) will be observed via TMG assessed in the LES. STUDY DESIGN Observational study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. METHODS LES response was measured in a relaxed state in 40 healthy adults (20 females). Possible differences between the conditions were investigated using mixed-model analyses of variance. Two-stage hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to predict the outcome of TMG Dm and Vd based on participant sex. RESULTS There were significant main effects of sex with large effect sizes for both TMG parameters, resulting from lower mean values in women compared with men (Dm, P < 0.01; Vd, P < 0.01). In contrast, neither the main effect of side (left vs right LES) nor the interaction between the side and sex reached significance (all P > 0.3). Introducing the sex variable in stage 2 of the regression analyses significantly improved the prediction of the TMG parameters (all ∆R2 ≥ 0.18; all P < 0.01; all f2 ≥ 0.29). CONCLUSION Sex-based differences in muscle stiffness and contractile characteristics could be observed by TMG on LES muscles in healthy individuals at rest. The data suggest that these disparities are not exclusively attributable to anthropometric measures but may be linked to intrinsic sex-based differences in skeletal muscle characteristics. CLINICAL RELEVANCE We recommend implementing TMG in a clinical setting using the obtained results as a basis to factor for the patient's biological sex when assessing effects of therapeutic/exercise regimens aiming at the optimization of myofascial tissue regeneration and performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lohr
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute for Human Movement Science, Faculty for Psychology and Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute for Human Movement Science, Faculty for Psychology and Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Osteopathie Schule Deutschland (OSD) Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Braumann
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute for Human Movement Science, Faculty for Psychology and Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Reer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute for Human Movement Science, Faculty for Psychology and Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ivan Medina-Porqueres
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kwon YU. Influence of maximum-graded exercise test on maximal plantarflexion and dorsiflexion torque production in the seated and supine positions. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-183198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ung Kwon
- School of Health and Human Performance, Athletic Training Program, Kean University, Union, NJ, USA
- School of Management Engineering and School of Business Administration, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Carr JC, Ye X. Strength and Electromyographic Responses of Upper and Lower Limbs During Maximal Intermittent Contractions in Males and Females. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:2403-2409. [PMID: 32304518 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Carr, JC and Ye, X. Strength and electromyographic responses of upper and lower limbs during maximal intermittent contractions in males and females. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-This study examined the strength and electromyographic (EMG) responses of upper vs. lower limb muscles during intermittent maximal contractions in both sexes. Twenty subjects (n = 7 women) performed a fatiguing protocol (6, 30-second intermittent maximal isometric contractions with a 50% duty cycle) with either the elbow flexors or the knee extensors on separate visits. Bipolar surface EMG signals were detected from the biceps brachii and vastus lateralis muscles (n = 5 women retained). Women maintained more of their maximal force than men (Δforce: men vs. women = -55.0 ± 12.8% vs. -43.3 ± 9.9%, p = 0.042). Although force loss was similar between the elbow flexors and knee extensors, the EMG responses showed greater reductions for the biceps brachii than those for the vastus lateralis (Δamplitude: biceps brachii vs. vastus lateralis: -32.0 ± 22.3% vs. -18.9 ± 28.9%; Δmedian frequency: biceps brachii vs. vastus lateralis: -31.1 ± 14.5% vs. -10.3 ± 17.0%). During a series of maximal intermittent isometric contractions with 30 seconds of recovery between work bouts, women are more fatigue resistant than men. In addition, the greater electrophysiological fatigue exhibited by the biceps brachii than that by the vastus lateralis suggests that high-intensity contractions involving elbow flexion will have a greater rate of fatigue progression than those involving knee extension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Carr
- Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, Utah
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Reducing the Loss of Velocity and Power in Women Athletes via Rest Redistribution. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2020; 15:255-261. [PMID: 31188704 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine rest redistribution (RR) effects on back squat kinetics and kinematics in resistance-trained women. METHODS Twelve women from strength and college sports (5.0 [2.2] y training history) participated in the randomized crossover design study with 72 hours between sessions (3 total). Participants completed 4 sets of 10 repetitions using traditional sets (120-s interset rest) and RR (30-s intraset rest in the middle of each set; 90-s interset rest) with 70% of their 1-repetition maximum. Kinetics and kinematics were sampled via force plate and 4 linear position transducers. The greatest value of repetitions 1 to 3 (peak repetition) was used to calculate percentage loss, [(repetition 10-peak repetition)/(peak repetition) × 100], and maintenance, {100-[(set mean-peak repetition)/(peak repetition)] × 100}, of velocity and power for each set. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used for analyses (P < .05). RESULTS Mean and peak force did not differ between conditions. A condition × repetition interaction existed for peak power (P = .049) but not for peak velocity (P = .110). Peak power was greater in repetitions 7 to 9 (P < .05; d = 1.12-1.27) during RR. The percentage loss of velocity (95% confidence interval, -0.22% to -7.22%; P = .039) and power (95% confidence interval, -1.53% to -7.87%; P = .008) were reduced in RR. Mean velocity maintenance of sets 3 (P = .036; d = 1.90) and 4 (P = .015; d = 2.30) and mean power maintenance of set 4 (P = .006; d = 2.65) were greater in RR. CONCLUSION By redistributing a portion of long interset rest into the middle of a set, velocity and power were better maintained. Therefore, redistributing rest may be beneficial for reducing fatigue in resistance-trained women.
Collapse
|
37
|
Habenicht R, Ebenbichler G, Bonato P, Kollmitzer J, Ziegelbecker S, Unterlerchner L, Mair P, Kienbacher T. Age-specific differences in the time-frequency representation of surface electromyographic data recorded during a submaximal cyclic back extension exercise: a promising biomarker to detect early signs of sarcopenia. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2020; 17:8. [PMID: 31992323 PMCID: PMC6986160 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-020-0645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Motivated by the goal of developing new methods to detect early signs of sarcopenia, we investigated if surface electromyographic (SEMG) data recorded during the performance of cyclic, submaximal back extensions are marked by age-specific differences in their time and frequency characteristics. Furthermore, day-to-day retest reliability of the EMG measures was examined. METHODS A total of 86 healthy volunteers used a back dynamometer to perform a series of three maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) consisting of isometric back extensions, followed by an isometric back extension at 80% MVC, and finally 25 slow cyclic back extensions at 50% MVC. SEMG data was recorded bilaterally at L1, L2, and L5 from the iliocostalis lumborum, longissimus, and multifidus muscles, respectively. Tests were repeated two days and six weeks later. A linear mixed-effects model with fixed effects "age, sex, test number" and the random effect "person" was performed to investigate age-specific differences in both the initial value and the time-course (as defined by the slope of the regression line) of the root mean square (RMS-SEMG) values and instantaneous median frequency (IMDF-SEMG) values calculated separately for the shortening and lengthening phases of the exercise cycles. Generalizability Theory was used to examine reliability of the EMG measures. RESULTS Back extensor strength was comparable in younger and older adults. The initial value of RMS-SEMG and IMDF-SEMG as well as the RMS-SEMG time-course did not significantly differ between the two age groups. Conversely, the IMDF-SEMG time-course showed more rapid changes in younger than in older individuals. Absolute and relative reliability of the SEMG time-frequency representations were comparable in older and younger individuals with good to excellent relative reliability but variable absolute reliability levels. CONCLUSIONS The IMDF-SEMG time-course derived from submaximal, cyclic back extension exercises performed at moderate effort showed significant differences in younger vs. older adults even though back extension strength was found to be comparable in the two age groups. We conclude that the SEMG method proposed in this study has great potential to be used as a biomarker to detect early signs of sarcopenic back muscle function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Habenicht
- Karl-Landsteiner-Institute of Outpatient Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Ebenbichler
- Karl-Landsteiner-Institute of Outpatient Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria. .,Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - P Bonato
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Kollmitzer
- Technical School of Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Ziegelbecker
- Karl-Landsteiner-Institute of Outpatient Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Unterlerchner
- Karl-Landsteiner-Institute of Outpatient Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Mair
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - T Kienbacher
- Karl-Landsteiner-Institute of Outpatient Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cui A, Emery K, Beaudoin AS, Feng J, Côté JN. Sex-specific effects of sitting vs standing on upper body muscle activity during text typing. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2020; 82:102957. [PMID: 31563002 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2019.102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Standing computer work is increasingly popular. However, despite the higher rates of computer work-related disorders in women, no studies have compared how standing work affects men and women. Twelve males and 12 females completed 90-min typing tasks in each posture while electromyography (EMG) data was recorded from eight muscles of the upper body. Results show that females had significantly higher EMG root-mean-squared (RMS) values in the anterior deltoid than males when seated, but higher EMG RMS in the medial trapezius than males when standing (SBC ≤ 0.05). In standing, they also had lower values than males in the erector spinae. Overall, standing elicited less activity in the upper trapezius, wrist extensors and erector spinae than sitting. Results suggest that the standing posture is generally less muscularly demanding than the seated one, although men and women's neck/shoulder musculature responds differently to the same task performed while seated or standing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Cui
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, 475 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1S4, Canada; Feil & Oberfeld/CRIR Research Center, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, 3205 Alton, Goldbloom Place, Laval, Quebec, H7V 1R2, Canada
| | - Kim Emery
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, 475 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1S4, Canada; Feil & Oberfeld/CRIR Research Center, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, 3205 Alton, Goldbloom Place, Laval, Quebec, H7V 1R2, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Beaudoin
- Feil & Oberfeld/CRIR Research Center, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, 3205 Alton, Goldbloom Place, Laval, Quebec, H7V 1R2, Canada
| | - Jessica Feng
- Feil & Oberfeld/CRIR Research Center, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, 3205 Alton, Goldbloom Place, Laval, Quebec, H7V 1R2, Canada
| | - Julie N Côté
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, 475 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1S4, Canada; Feil & Oberfeld/CRIR Research Center, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, 3205 Alton, Goldbloom Place, Laval, Quebec, H7V 1R2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Keller JL, Housh TJ, Hill EC, Smith CM, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO. Are There Sex-Specific Neuromuscular or Force Responses to Fatiguing Isometric Muscle Actions Anchored to a High Perceptual Intensity? J Strength Cond Res 2019; 36:156-161. [PMID: 31860532 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Keller, JL, Housh, TJ, Hill, EC, Smith, CM, Schmidt, RJ, and Johnson, GO. Are there sex-specific neuromuscular or force responses to fatiguing isometric muscle actions anchored to a high perceptual intensity? J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-The purpose of this study was to use the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) clamp model to examine sex-specific changes in neuromuscular responses and force after a sustained isometric leg extension muscle action anchored to RPE = 8. Twenty adults (10 men and 10 women) performed sustained, isometric leg extension muscle actions at RPE = 8. Electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic signals were recorded from the dominant leg. Neuromuscular and force values resulting from the sustained muscle action were normalized to pretest maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs). The level of significance set for the study was p ≤ 0.05. The pretest MVIC was significantly (p < 0.001) greater (averaged across sex) than posttest MVIC force (55.5 ± 10.0 vs. 47.6 ± 11.1 kg). There was a significant (p < 0.01) decrease from pretest (95.4 ± 7.7 Hz) to posttest (76.2 ± 5.9 Hz) in EMG mean power frequency (MPF) for the men. The normalized force (averaged across sex) decreased significantly (p < 0.001) from the initial timepoint (57.1 ± 16.4%) to the final timepoint (44.3 ± 15.7%) of the sustained muscle action. Normalized EMG MPF (averaged across sex) decreased significantly (p = 0.001) from the initial timepoint (96.4 ± 17.5%) to final timepoint (87.8 ± 18.1%). The men and women exhibited similar fatigue-induced changes in force and neuromuscular parameters; therefore, these findings did not indicate different sex-specific responses after the fatiguing task anchored to a high perception of exertion. The force corresponding to RPE = 8 did not match the anticipated value; so, RPE and percentages of MVIC cannot be used interchangeably, and sustained isometric muscle actions anchored to RPE may elicit unique neuromuscular adaptations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Keller
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Terry J Housh
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Ethan C Hill
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Cory M Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968
| | - Richard J Schmidt
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Glen O Johnson
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Age- and sex-specific effects in paravertebral surface electromyographic back extensor muscle fatigue in chronic low back pain. GeroScience 2019; 42:251-269. [PMID: 31773454 PMCID: PMC7031171 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of aging on the back muscles is not well understood, yet may hold clues to both normal aging and chronic low back pain (cLBP). This study sought to investigate whether the median frequency (MF) surface electromyographic (SEMG) back muscle fatigue method—a proxy for glycolytic muscle metabolism—would be able to detect age- and sex-specific differences in neuromuscular and muscle metabolic functions in individuals with cLBP in a reliable way, and whether it would be as sensitive as when used on healthy individuals. With participants seated on a dynamometer (20° trunk anteflexion), paraspinal SEMG activity was recorded bilaterally from the multifidus (L5), longissimus (L2), and iliolumbalis (L1) muscles during isometric, sustained back extensions loaded at 80% of maximum from 117 younger (58 females) and 112 older (56 female) cLBP individuals. Tests were repeated after 1–2 days and 6 weeks. Median frequency, the SEMG variable indicating neuromuscular fatigue, was analyzed. Maximum back extensor strength was comparable between younger and older participants. Significantly less MF-SEMG back muscle fatigue was observed in older as compared to younger, and in older female as compared to older male cLBP individuals. Relative reliability was excellent, but absolute reliability appeared large for this SEMG-fatigue measure. Findings suggest that cLBP likely does not mask the age-specific diagnostic potential of the MF-SEMG back extensor fatigue method. Thus, this method possesses a great potential to be further developed into a valuable biomarker capable of detecting back muscle function at risk of sarcopenia at very early stages.
Collapse
|
41
|
Callegari B, de Resende MM, da Silva Filho M. Hand rest and wrist support are effective in preventing fatigue during prolonged typing. J Hand Ther 2019; 31:42-51. [PMID: 28236562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Case series (longitudinal). INTRODUCTION Only few reports concerning the efficacy of commonly used strategies for preventing upper limb occupational disorders associated with prolonged typing exist. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY We aimed to investigate whether the duration of typing and the use of 2 strategies (hand rest and wrist support) changes muscle physiological response and therefore the electromyography records. METHODS We enrolled 25 volunteers, who were unfamiliar with the task and did not have musculoskeletal disorders. The subjects underwent 3 prolonged typing protocols to investigate the efficacy of the 2 adopted strategies in reducing the trapezius, biceps brachii, and extensor digitorum communis fatigue. RESULTS Typing for 1 hour induced muscular fatigue (60%-67% of the subjects). The extensor digitorum communis muscle exhibited the highest percentage of fatigue (72%-84%) after 1 and 4 hours of typing (1 hour, P = .04; 4 hours, P = .02). Fatigue levels in this muscle were significantly reduced (24%) with the use of pause typing (4 hours, P = .045), whereas biceps brachii muscle fatigue was reduced (32%) only with the use of wrist supports (P = .02, after 4 hours). Trapezius muscle fatigue was unaffected by the tested occupational strategies (1 hour, P = .62; 4 hours, P = .85). DISCUSSION Despite presenting an overall tendency for fatigue detected during the application of the protocols, the assessed muscles exhibited different behavior patterns, depending on both the preventive strategy applied and the muscle mechanical role during the task. CONCLUSION Hand rest and wrist support can successfully reduce muscle fatigue in specific upper limb muscles during prolonged typing, leading to a muscle-selective reduction in the occurrence of fatigue and thus provide direct evidence that they may prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Callegari
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Laboratory of Human Movement Studies, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kim T, Kim M, Lee M, Yoon B. Comparison of scapular muscle activation during shoulder elevation in older and young adults: A pilot study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2019; 32:437-443. [PMID: 30507564 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-181293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of degenerative shoulder disease is increasing, and most shoulder diseases are accompanied by changed activation of the scapular muscles. However, the characteristics of scapular muscle activation in older adults have not yet been reported. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age and load on scapular muscle activation during shoulder abduction and flexion. METHODS Eleven older adults (5 men, 6 women; 71.1 ± 5.3 years) and ten young adults (5 men, 5 women; 25.0 ± 2.7 years) performed shoulder elevation (abduction and flexion) with and without a dumbbell. Electromyography were recorded from the upper, middle and lower trapezius, and serratus anterior muscles in the dominant side. Muscle activation was normalized by reference voluntary contractions. RESULTS During shoulder elevation with a dumbbell load, the activation of the middle trapezius (p= 0.036) in older adults was significantly higher than that in young adults during abduction. The activation of the upper trapezius (p= 0.001) in older adults was significantly higher than that in young adults during flexion. CONCLUSION The older adults have a higher activation of the upper and middle trapezius during shoulder elevation with a weighted load.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taeyeong Kim
- Department of Health Science, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minhee Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minyoung Lee
- Korea National Rehabilitation Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bumchul Yoon
- Department of Health Science, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Torrejón A, Janicijevic D, Haff GG, García-Ramos A. Acute effects of different set configurations during a strength-oriented resistance training session on barbell velocity and the force-velocity relationship in resistance-trained males and females. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:1409-1417. [PMID: 30955089 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explored the acute effects of strength-oriented resistance training sessions performed using three different set configurations on barbell velocity and the force-velocity (F-v) relationship of upper-body muscles in men and women. METHOD Thirteen men (age: 23.8 ± 2.5 years; 6-repetition maximum [6RM] load: 73.4 ± 15.6 kg) and 13 women (age: 21.5 ± 1.4 years; 6RM load: 32.8 ± 5.2 kg) performed 24 repetitions with a 6RM load during the bench press exercise using traditional (TR: 6 sets of 4 repetitions with 3 min of rest between sets), cluster (CL: 6 sets of 4 repetitions with 15 s of intra-set rest every two repetitions and 2 min and 45 s of rest between sets) and inter-repetition rest (IRR: 1 set of 24 repetitions with 39 s of rest between repetitions) set configurations. The F-v relationship parameters [maximum force (F0), maximum velocity (v0) and maximum power (Pmax)] were determined before and after each training session. RESULTS The average training velocity did not differ between the three set configurations (p = 0.234), but the IRR set configuration generally provided higher velocities during the last repetition of each set. Significant decreases in F0 (p = 0.001) and Pmax (p = 0.024) but not in v0 (p = 0.669) were observed after the training sessions. Comparable velocity loss was observed for men and women (- 12.1% vs. - 11.3%; p = 0.699). CONCLUSIONS The administration of very short intra-set rest periods does not allow for the attainment of higher velocities than traditional set configurations during strength-oriented resistance training sessions conducted with the bench press exercise when the work-to-rest ratio is equated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Torrejón
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Danica Janicijevic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, The Research Centre, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Guy Gregory Haff
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, CIEDE, Catholic University of Most Holy Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wong V, Abe T, Chatakondi RN, Bell ZW, Spitz RW, Dankel SJ, Loenneke JP. The influence of biological sex and cuff width on muscle swelling, echo intensity, and the fatigue response to blood flow restricted exercise. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:1865-1873. [PMID: 30945606 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1599316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose was to determine if the muscle swelling, echo intensity, and fatigue responses to blood flow restriction differs based on cuff width (Experiment 1), applied pressure (Experiment 2), and sex. Ultrasound of muscle was taken before and after exercise. In Experiment 1 (n = 96), men swelled more than women and more with a narrow cuff than a wide cuff (0.60 cm vs. 0.52 cm). Expressed as a percentage change, there were no longer differences between cuffs (Narrow: 15% vs. Wide: 14%) or sex (Men: 14% vs. Women: 15%). Echo intensity remained unchanged. Women required more repetitions to reach task failure in sets 2, 3, and 4. In Experiment 2 (n = 87), men swelled more than women (Men: 0.46 cm vs. Women: 0.31 cm). Expressed as a percentage change, there were no differences. Echo intensity decreased in both conditions and to a greater extent with a higher applied pressure. If the acute muscle swelling response is important for initiating long term adaptation, then our results indicate that neither cuff width, sex, nor applied pressure will differentially impact the adaptation observed via this mechanism. Changes in echo intensity were inconsistent and the utility of this measurement may need to be reconsidered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vickie Wong
- a Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory , The University of Mississippi , University , MS , USA
| | - Takashi Abe
- a Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory , The University of Mississippi , University , MS , USA
| | - Raksha N Chatakondi
- a Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory , The University of Mississippi , University , MS , USA
| | - Zachary W Bell
- a Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory , The University of Mississippi , University , MS , USA
| | - Robert W Spitz
- a Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory , The University of Mississippi , University , MS , USA
| | - Scott J Dankel
- a Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory , The University of Mississippi , University , MS , USA
| | - Jeremy P Loenneke
- a Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory , The University of Mississippi , University , MS , USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Monteiro ER, Steele J, Novaes JS, Brown AF, Cavanaugh MT, Vingren JL, Behm DG. Men exhibit greater fatigue resistance than women in alternated bench press and leg press exercises. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 59:238-245. [DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.17.08062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
46
|
Barbalho M, Coswig VS, Raiol R, Steele J, Fisher J, Paoli A, Gentil P. Effects of Adding Single Joint Exercises to a Resistance Training Programme in Trained Women. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:E160. [PMID: 30487418 PMCID: PMC6316221 DOI: 10.3390/sports6040160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study's aim was to compare the changes in muscle performance and anthropometric measures in trained women performing RT programs composed only of MJ exercises or programmes that involve the addition of SJ exercises. METHODS Seventeen trained women were randomised to MJ or MJ+SJ. Both groups performed the same MJ exercises following a nonlinear periodisation model for 8 weeks. The only difference was that the MJ+SJ group also performed SJ exercises. The participants were tested for 10 repetition maximum (10 RM), flexed arm circumference, and both biceps and triceps skinfold. RESULTS Both groups significantly increased 10 RM load for the bench press (12.6% MJ and 9.2% MJ+SJ), triceps (15.6% MJ and 17.9% MJ+SJ), pull down (9.8% MJ and 8.3% MJ+SJ), biceps (14.0% MJ and 13.0% MJ+SJ), leg press (15.2% MJ and 12.8% MJ+SJ) and knee extension (10.2% MJ and 9.1% MJ+SJ). The decreases in triceps (-5.1% MJ and -5.3% MJ+SJ) and biceps (-6.5% MJ and -5.7% MJ+SJ) skinfolds were also significant as were the increases in arm circumference (1.47% MJ and 1.58% MJ+SJ). In all tests there was nothing significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS The use of SJ exercises as a complement to a RT programme containing MJ exercises brings no additional benefit to trained women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Barbalho
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Victor Silveira Coswig
- Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal 68746-630, Brazil.
| | - Rodolfo Raiol
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Centro Universitário do Pará, Belém 66040-020, Brazil.
| | - James Steele
- Ukactive Research Institute, London WC1R 4HE, UK.
- School of Sport, Health, and Social Science, Southampton Solent University, Southampton SO14 0AA, UK.
| | - James Fisher
- School of Sport, Health, and Social Science, Southampton Solent University, Southampton SO14 0AA, UK.
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy.
| | - Paulo Gentil
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Applegate ME, France CR, Russ DW, Leitkam ST, Thomas JS. Determining Physiological and Psychological Predictors of Time to Task Failure on a Virtual Reality Sørensen Test in Participants With and Without Recurrent Low Back Pain: Exploratory Study. JMIR Serious Games 2018; 6:e10522. [PMID: 30201604 PMCID: PMC6231892 DOI: 10.2196/10522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sørensen trunk extension endurance test performance predicts the development of low back pain and is a strong discriminator of those with and without low back pain. Performance may greatly depend on psychological factors, such as kinesiophobia, self-efficacy, and motivation. Virtual reality video games have been used in people with low back pain to encourage physical activity that would otherwise be avoided out of fear of pain or harm. Accordingly, we developed a virtual reality video game to assess the influence of immersive gaming on the Sørensen test performance. OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to determine the physiological and psychological predictors of time to task failure (TTF) on a virtual reality Sørensen test in participants with and without a history of recurrent low back pain. METHODS We recruited 24 individuals with a history of recurrent low back pain and 24 sex-, age-, and body mass index-matched individuals without a history of low back pain. Participants completed a series of psychological measures, including the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale, Pain Resilience Scale, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, and a self-efficacy measure. The maximal isometric strength of trunk and hip extensors and TTF on a virtual reality Sørensen test were measured. Electromyography of the erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and biceps femoris was recorded during the strength and endurance trials. RESULTS A two-way analysis of variance revealed no significant difference in TTF between groups (P=.99), but there was a trend for longer TTF in females on the virtual reality Sørensen test (P=.06). Linear regression analyses were performed to determine predictors of TTF in each group. In healthy participants, the normalized median power frequency slope of erector spinae (beta=.450, P=.01), biceps femoris (beta=.400, P=.01), and trunk mass (beta=-.32, P=.02) predicted TTF. In participants with recurrent low back pain, trunk mass (beta=-.67, P<.001), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (beta=-.43, P=.01), and self-efficacy (beta=.35, P=.03) predicted TTF. CONCLUSIONS Trunk mass appears to be a consistent predictor of performance. Kinesiophobia appears to negatively influence TTF for those with a history of recurrent low back pain, but does not influence healthy individuals. Self-efficacy is associated with better performance in individuals with a history of recurrent low back pain, whereas a less steep median power frequency slope of the trunk and hip extensors is associated with better performance in individuals without a history of low back pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Applegate
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - David W Russ
- Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Samuel T Leitkam
- School of Physical & Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James S Thomas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kwon YU, Blaise Williams D. Localized ankle plantarflexor and dorsiflexor fatigue following volitional exhaustion using the Bruce protocol. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-182120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ung Kwon
- School of Physical Education, Recreation, and Health, Athletic Training Program, Kean University, Union, NJ, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hill EC, Housh TJ, Smith CM, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO. Gender- and Muscle-Specific Responses During Fatiguing Exercise. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:1471-1478. [PMID: 29334581 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hill, EC, Housh, TJ, Smith, CM, Schmidt, RJ, and Johnson, GO. Gender- and muscle-specific responses during fatiguing exercise. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1471-1478, 2018-The purpose of the present investigation was to examine potential gender-related differences in electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG) responses during submaximal, concentric, isokinetic, forearm flexion muscle contractions. Twelve men and 12 women performed concentric peak torque trials before (pretest) and after (posttest) a fatiguing exercise bout that consisted of 50 submaximal (65% of concentric peak torque), concentric, isokinetic (60°·s), forearm flexion muscle contractions. Surface EMG and MMG signals were simultaneously recorded from the biceps brachii and brachioradialis muscles. There was a gender-related difference in the decline in absolute concentric peak torque for the men (23.8%) vs. women (18.5%) that was eliminated when covaried for differences in pretest concentric peak torque values. During the fatiguing exercise bout, EMG amplitude(AMP) increased and EMG mean power frequency (MPF) decreased for both genders and muscles. There were, however, muscle- and gender-specific increases, decreases, and no changes for MMG AMP and MMG MPF. The gender-related difference for the posttest decline in concentric peak torque was associated with differences in muscle strength which may have resulted in greater blood flow occlusion in the men than the women. The muscles with the most pronounced fatigue-induced neuromuscular responses were the biceps brachii in men and the brachioradialis in women. These findings may be related to gender differences in the usage patterns of synergistic muscles during a fatiguing task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan C Hill
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wooten SV, Cherup N, Mazzei N, Patel S, Mooney K, Rafiq A, Signorile JF. Yoga Breathing Techniques Have No Impact on Isokinetic and Isoinertial Power. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 34:430-439. [PMID: 30142133 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Wooten, SV, Cherup, N, Mazzei, N, Patel, S, Mooney, K, Rafiq, A, and Signorile, JF. Yoga breathing techniques have no impact on isokinetic and isoinertial power. J Strength Cond Res 34(2): 430-439, 2020-As an exercise discipline, yoga incorporates breathing (pranayama) and posture (asana) techniques to facilitate improvements in flexibility, strength, and meditation. Both techniques have been used to enhance muscular strength and power output. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of various yoga breathing techniques on lower-limb power output. Thirty-two individuals (15 men and 17 women) participated in the study. All subjects performed a baseline 1 repetition maximum (1RM) on a pneumatic leg press machine and isokinetic testing on a Biodex 4 dynamometer. Participants then performed 3RM power tests at 50% of 1RM on the pneumatic leg press machine using 3 different yoga breathing techniques (Ujjayi, Bhastrika, and Kapalabhati) and normal breathing (control) across all repetitions. After power testing, participants completed an isokinetic test on the Biodex 4 dynamometer using their dominant leg. Subjects had their knee placed at a predetermined starting position (90°) and executed knee extension at 3 randomized testing speeds (60, 180, and 300°·s). The implementation of specific breathing protocols before and during the leg press produced no significant differences in power output. For isokinetic power measured at 60, 180, and 300°·s, there was a significant difference among testing speeds (η = 0.639; p < 0.0001) and a significant sex × speed interaction (η = 0.064; p < 0.0001), where men consistently demonstrated greater isoinertial power, isokinetic power, isokinetic torque, and isokinetic work than women. No other significant differences or interactions were detected. The differences between our study and others, which have concluded that adopting specific breathing techniques can enhance core stability and force production during lifting, may be attributable to the acute nature of the design, the novice participants who had insufficient time to practice the breathing techniques or testing protocols, and the use of tests that isolated specific muscle groups. Nonetheless, the current findings do not support the use of yoga breathing techniques as a method to enhance power output, whether used before or during power performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savannah V Wooten
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research and Active Aging, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Nicholas Cherup
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research and Active Aging, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Nicolle Mazzei
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research and Active Aging, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Shareen Patel
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research and Active Aging, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | | | - Ali Rafiq
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research and Active Aging, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Joseph F Signorile
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research and Active Aging, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida.,Center on Aging, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| |
Collapse
|