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Pagnotti GM, Trivedi T, Wright LE, John SK, Murthy S, Pattyn RR, Willis MS, She Y, Suresh S, Thompson WR, Rubin CT, Mohammad KS, Guise TA. Low-Magnitude Mechanical Signals Combined with Zoledronic Acid Reduce Musculoskeletal Weakness and Adiposity in Estrogen-Deprived Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.12.531571. [PMID: 36993656 PMCID: PMC10054938 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.12.531571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Combination treatment of Low-Intensity Vibration (LIV) with zoledronic acid (ZA) was hypothesized to preserve bone mass and muscle strength while reducing adipose tissue accrual associated with complete estrogen (E 2 )-deprivation in young and skeletally mature mice. Complete E 2 -deprivation (surgical-ovariectomy (OVX) and daily injection of aromatase inhibitor (AI) letrozole) were performed on 8-week-old C57BL/6 female mice for 4 weeks following commencement of LIV administration or control (no LIV), for 28 weeks. Additionally, 16-week-old C57BL/6 female E 2 -deprived mice were administered ±LIV twice daily and supplemented with ±ZA (2.5 ng/kg/week). By week 28, lean tissue mass quantified by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was increased in younger OVX/AI+LIV(y) mice, with increased myofiber cross-sectional area of quadratus femorii. Grip strength was greater in OVX/AI+LIV(y) mice than OVX/AI(y) mice. Fat mass remained lower in OVX/AI+LIV(y) mice throughout the experiment compared with OVX/AI(y) mice. OVX/AI+LIV(y) mice exhibited increased glucose tolerance and reduced leptin and free fatty acids than OVX/AI(y) mice. Trabecular bone volume fraction and connectivity density increased in the vertebrae of OVX/AI+LIV(y) mice compared to OVX/AI(y) mice; however, this effect was attenuated in the older cohort of E 2 -deprived mice, specifically in OVX/AI+ZA mice, requiring combined LIV with ZA to increase trabecular bone volume and strength. Similar improvements in cortical bone thickness and cross-sectional area of the femoral mid-diaphysis were observed in OVX/AI+LIV+ZA mice, resulting in greater fracture resistance. Our findings demonstrate that the combination of mechanical signals in the form of LIV and anti-resorptive therapy via ZA improve vertebral trabecular bone and femoral cortical bone, increase lean mass, and reduce adiposity in mice undergoing complete E 2 -deprivation. One Sentence Summary: Low-magnitude mechanical signals with zoledronic acid suppressed bone and muscle loss and adiposity in mice undergoing complete estrogen deprivation. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE Postmenopausal patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer treated with aromatase inhibitors to reduce tumor progression experience deleterious effects to bone and muscle subsequently develop muscle weakness, bone fragility, and adipose tissue accrual. Bisphosphonates (i.e., zoledronic acid) prescribed to inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption are effective in preventing bone loss but may not address the non-skeletal effects of muscle weakness and fat accumulation that contribute to patient morbidity. Mechanical signals, typically delivered to the musculoskeletal system during exercise/physical activity, are integral for maintaining bone and muscle health; however, patients undergoing treatments for breast cancer often experience decreased physical activity which further accelerates musculoskeletal degeneration. Low-magnitude mechanical signals, in the form of low-intensity vibrations, generate dynamic loading forces similar to those derived from skeletal muscle contractility. As an adjuvant to existing treatment strategies, low-intensity vibrations may preserve or rescue diminished bone and muscle degraded by breast cancer treatment.
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Ballinger TJ, Thompson WR, Guise TA. The bone-muscle connection in breast cancer: implications and therapeutic strategies to preserve musculoskeletal health. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:84. [PMID: 36419084 PMCID: PMC9686026 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer and its therapies frequently result in significant musculoskeletal morbidity. Skeletal complications include bone metastases, pain, bone loss, osteoporosis, and fracture. In addition, muscle loss or weakness occurring in both the metastatic and curative setting is becoming increasingly recognized as systemic complications of disease and treatment, impacting quality of life, responsiveness to therapy, and survival. While the anatomical relationship between bone and muscle is well established, emerging research has led to new insights into the biochemical and molecular crosstalk between the skeletal and muscular systems. Here, we review the importance of both skeletal and muscular health in breast cancer, the significance of crosstalk between bone and muscle, and the influence of mechanical signals on this relationship. Therapeutic exploitation of signaling between bone and muscle has great potential to prevent the full spectrum of musculoskeletal complications across the continuum of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarah J Ballinger
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 535 Barnhill Dr. RT 473, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - William R Thompson
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 535 Barnhill Dr. RT 473, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Theresa A Guise
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Si F, Yuan S, Zang L, Fan N, Wu Q, Wang T, Wang A. Paraspinal Muscle Degeneration: A Potential Risk Factor for New Vertebral Compression Fractures After Percutaneous Kyphoplasty. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:1237-1248. [PMID: 35990803 PMCID: PMC9385132 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s374857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The paraspinal muscle is essential for maintaining normal spine function and structure, which degeneration is closely related to various spinal diseases. The main objective of this study was to identify the potential role of paraspinal muscle degeneration in the occurrence of new vertebral compression fractures (NVCF) and develop a clinically applicable nomogram for prospective NVCF risk prediction. Methods A total of 202 patients with single-level osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) who underwent percutaneous kyphoplasty treatment between January 2016 and March 2019 were included in this study. Demographic, clinical, radiological, and treatment data were collected and analyzed. The paraspinal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and fat signal fraction (FSF) were measured to quantify the extent of muscle degeneration. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to select risk factors to build a nomogram that predicted the occurrence of NVCF. The concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve were used to evaluate the discriminative capacity and predictive accuracy of the nomogram. Results NVCF occurred in 54 of 202 patients (26.7%). The erector spinae FSF (OR = 1.064; P = 0.001), psoas major FSF (OR = 1.326; P < 0.001), and the difference index of the muscle CSA between multifidus and psoas major (OR = 1.048; P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of NVCF. The nomogram performance was good after evaluation using the calibration curves and C-index (95% confidence interval, 0.854–0.943). Conclusion Paraspinal muscle degeneration is a potential risk factor for NVCF occurrence. A nomogram was designed to precisely predict the risk of NVCF. This predictive nomogram may help clinicians to make better clinical decisions and provide more accurate functional exercise protocol for OVCF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangda Si
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100043, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100043, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100043, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100043, People's Republic of China
| | - Qichao Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100043, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100043, People's Republic of China
| | - Aobo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100043, People's Republic of China
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Chow SKH, van Mourik M, Hung VWY, Zhang N, Li MMC, Wong RMY, Leung KS, Cheung WH. HR-pQCT for the Evaluation of Muscle Quality and Intramuscular Fat Infiltration in Ageing Skeletal Muscle. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12061016. [PMID: 35743800 PMCID: PMC9225354 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12061016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosteatosis is the infiltration of fat in skeletal muscle during the onset of sarcopenia. The quantification of intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) can be a feasible imaging modality for the clinical assessment of myosteatosis, important for the early identification of sarcopenia patients and timely intervention decisions. There is currently no standardized method or consensus for such an application. The aim of this study was to develop a method for the detection and analysis of IMAT in clinical HR-pQCT images of the distal tibia to evaluate skeletal muscle during the ageing process, validated with animal and clinical experimentation. A pre-clinical model of ovariectomized (OVX) rats with known intramuscular fat infiltration was used, where gastrocnemii were scanned by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) at an 8.4 μm isotropic voxel size, and the images were analyzed using our modified IMAT analysis protocol. IMAT, muscle density (MD), and muscle volume (MV) were compared with SHAM controls validated with Oil-red-O (ORO) staining. Furthermore, the segmentation and IMAT evaluation method was applied to 30 human subjects at ages from 18 to 81 (mean = 47.3 ± 19.2). Muscle-related parameters were analyzed with functional outcomes. In the animal model, the micro-CT adipose tissue-related parameter of IMAT% segmented at −600 HU to 100 HU was shown to strongly associate with the ORO-positively stained area (r = 0.898, p = 0.002). For the human subjects, at an adjusted threshold of −600 to −20 HU, moderate positive correlations were found between MV and MD (r = 0.642, p < 0.001), and between MV and IMAT volume (r = 0.618, p < 0.01). Moderate negative correlations were detected between MD and IMAT% (r = −0.640, p < 0.001). Strong and moderate associations were found between age and MD (r = −0.763, p < 0.01), and age and IMAT (r = 0.559, p < 0.01). There was also a strong correlation between IMAT% and chair rise time (r = 0.671, p < 0.01). The proposed HR-pQCT evaluation protocol for intramuscular adipose-tissue produced MD and IMAT results that were associated with age and physical performance measures, and were of good predictive value for the progression of myosteatosis or sarcopenia. The protocol was also validated on animal skeletal muscle samples that showed a good representation of histological lipid content with positive correlations, further supporting the clinical application for the rapid evaluation of muscle quality and objective quantification of skeletal muscle at the peripheral for sarcopenia assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (V.W.-Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.M.-C.L.); (R.M.-Y.W.); (K.-S.L.); (W.-H.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-3505-1559
| | - Marloes van Mourik
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Vivian Wing-Yin Hung
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (V.W.-Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.M.-C.L.); (R.M.-Y.W.); (K.-S.L.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Ning Zhang
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (V.W.-Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.M.-C.L.); (R.M.-Y.W.); (K.-S.L.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Michelle Meng-Chen Li
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (V.W.-Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.M.-C.L.); (R.M.-Y.W.); (K.-S.L.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Ronald Man-Yeung Wong
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (V.W.-Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.M.-C.L.); (R.M.-Y.W.); (K.-S.L.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Kwok-Sui Leung
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (V.W.-Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.M.-C.L.); (R.M.-Y.W.); (K.-S.L.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (V.W.-Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.M.-C.L.); (R.M.-Y.W.); (K.-S.L.); (W.-H.C.)
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Primary cilia in satellite cells are the mechanical sensors for muscle hypertrophy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2103615119. [PMID: 35671424 PMCID: PMC9214504 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103615119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is commonly associated with aging, immobilization, muscle unloading, and congenital myopathies. Generation of mature muscle cells from skeletal muscle satellite cells (SCs) is pivotal in repairing muscle tissue. Exercise therapy promotes muscle hypertrophy and strength. Primary cilium is implicated as the mechanical sensor in some mammalian cells, but its role in skeletal muscle cells remains vague. To determine mechanical sensors for exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy, we established three SC-specific cilium dysfunctional mouse models-Myogenic factor 5 (Myf5)-Arf-like Protein 3 (Arl3)-/-, Paired box protein Pax-7 (Pax7)-Intraflagellar transport protein 88 homolog (Ift88)-/-, and Pax7-Arl3-/--by specifically deleting a ciliary protein ARL3 in MYF5-expressing SCs, or IFT88 in PAX7-expressing SCs, or ARL3 in PAX7-expressing SCs, respectively. We show that the Myf5-Arl3-/- mice develop grossly the same as WT mice. Intriguingly, mechanical stimulation-induced muscle hypertrophy or myoblast differentiation is abrogated in Myf5-Arl3-/- and Pax7-Arl3-/- mice or primary isolated Myf5-Arl3-/- and Pax7-Ift88-/- myoblasts, likely due to defective cilia-mediated Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Collectively, we demonstrate SC cilia serve as mechanical sensors and promote exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy via Hh signaling pathway.
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Oxfeldt M, Dalgaard LB, Farup J, Hansen M. Sex Hormones and Satellite Cell Regulation in Women. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9065923. [PMID: 38655160 PMCID: PMC11022763 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9065923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent years have seen growing scholarly interest in female physiology in general. Moreover, particular attention has been devoted to how concentrations of female sex hormones vary during the menstrual cycle and menopausal transition and how hormonal contraception and hormonal therapy influence skeletal muscle tissue. While much effort has been paid to macro outcomes, such as muscle function or mass, rather less attention has been paid to mechanistic work that may help explain the underlying mechanism through which sex hormones regulate skeletal muscle tissue. Evidence from animal studies shows a strong relationship between the female sex hormone estrogen and satellite cells (SCs), a population of muscle stem cells involved in skeletal muscle regulation. A few human studies investigating this relationship have been published only recently. Thus, the purpose of this study was to bring an updated review on female sex hormones and their role in SC regulation. First, we describe how SCs regulate skeletal muscle maintenance and repair and introduce sex hormone signaling within the muscle. Second, we present evidence from animal studies elucidating how estrogen deficiency and supplementation influence SCs. Third, we present results from investigations from human trials including women whose concentrations of female hormones differ due to menopause, hormone therapy, hormonal contraceptives, and the menstrual cycle. Finally, we discuss research and methodological recommendations for future studies aiming at elucidating the link between female sex hormones and SCs with respect to aging and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Oxfeldt
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jean Farup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Fujimaki T, Ando T, Hata T, Takayama Y, Ohba T, Ichikawa J, Takiyama Y, Tatsuno R, Koyama K, Haro H. Exogenous parathyroid hormone attenuates ovariectomy-induced skeletal muscle weakness in vivo. Bone 2021; 151:116029. [PMID: 34111645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis commonly affects the elderly and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Loss of bone mineral density induces muscle atrophy and increases fracture risk. However, muscle lipid content and droplet size are increased by aging and mobility impairments, inversely correlated with muscle function, and a cause of reduced motor function. Teriparatide, the synthetic form of human parathyroid hormone (PTH) 1-34, has been widely used to treat osteoporosis. Although PTH positively affects muscle differentiation in vitro, the precise function and mechanisms of muscle mass and power preservation are still poorly understood, especially in vivo. In this study, we investigated the effect of PTH on skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction using an ovariectomized murine model. Eight-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were ovariectomized or sham-operated. Within each surgical group, the mice were divided into PTH injection or control subgroups. Motor function was evaluated based on grip strength, treadmill running, and lactic acid concentration. PTH receptor was expressed in skeletal muscle cells and myoblasts. PTH inhibited ovariectomy-induced bone loss but not uterine atrophy or increased body weight; PTH not only abolished ovariectomy-induced reduction in grip strength and maximum running speed, but also significantly reduced the ovariectomy-induced increase in lactic acid concentration (compared with that observed in the vehicle control). PTH also abrogated the ovariectomy-induced reduction in the oxidative capacity of muscle fibers, their cross-sectional area, and intramyocellular lipid content, and induced cell proliferation, cell migration, and muscle differentiation, while reducing lipid secretion by C2C12 myoblasts via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. PTH significantly ameliorated muscle weakness and attenuated exercise-induced lactate levels in ovariectomized mice. Our in vitro study demonstrated that PTH/Wnt signaling regulated the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of myoblasts and also reduced lipid secretion in myoblasts. Thus, PTH could regulate several aspects of muscle function and physiology, and may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Fujimaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takashi Ando
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Takanori Hata
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ohba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Jiro Ichikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Takiyama
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Rikito Tatsuno
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Koyama
- Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Haro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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Wang J, Cui C, Chim YN, Yao H, Shi L, Xu J, Wang J, Wong RMY, Leung KS, Chow SKH, Cheung WH. Vibration and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate treatment suppresses intramuscular fat infiltration and adipogenic differentiation in sarcopenic mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:564-577. [PMID: 31994349 PMCID: PMC7113529 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is an aging-induced deterioration of skeletal muscle mass and function. Low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) was shown to improve muscle functions and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) to increase muscle mass and strength. Muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) are progenitor cells important for muscle regeneration. We hypothesized that LMHFV and HMB could retard sarcopenia by reducing fat infiltration through inhibiting adipogenesis in MDSCs. METHODS Senescence-accelerated mouse P8 male mice were randomized into control (CTL), HMB, LMHFV (VIB), and combined (COM) groups. Interventions started at age of month 7 and assessed at 1, 2, and 3 months post-intervention by densitometry, histology, and functional tests. In vitro, MDSCs isolated from gastrocnemius of senescence-accelerated mouse P8 mice were characterized, randomized into CTL, VIB, HMB, and COM groups, and assessed by oil red O staining, mRNA, and protein expression. RESULTS At 2 months post-intervention, percentage lean mass of HMB, VIB, and COM groups were significantly higher than CTL group. Twitch, tetanic, and specific tetanic forces of COM group were higher, while specific twitch force of both VIB and COM groups were higher. Grip strength of HMB, VIB, and COM groups were higher. Histologically, both VIB and COM groups presented lower oil red O area than CTL group. Type I muscle fibre in CTL group was higher than HMB, VIB, and COM groups. MDSC were detected in situ by immunofluorescence stain with stem cell antigen-1 signals confirmed with higher β-catenin expression in the COM group. The observations were also confirmed in vitro, MDSCs in the HMB, VIB, and COM groups presented lower adipogenesis vs. the CTL group. β-Catenin mRNA and protein expressions were lower in the CTL group while their relationship was further validated through β-catenin knock-down approach. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that combined LMHFV and HMB interventions enhanced muscle strength and decreased percentage fat mass and intramuscular fat infiltration as compared with either treatment alone. Additive effect of LMHFV and HMB was demonstrated in β-catenin expression than either treatment in MDSCs and altered cell fate from adipogenesis to myogenesis, leading to inhibition of intramuscular lipid accumulation. Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway was found to be the predominant regulatory mechanism through which LMHFV and HMB combined treatment suppressed MDSCs adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Wang
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China
| | - Can Cui
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Ning Chim
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yao
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Shi
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jiankun Xu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China
| | - Ronald Man Yeung Wong
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Sui Leung
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China
| | - Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China.,The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, The People's Republic of China
| | - Wing Hoi Cheung
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China.,The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, The People's Republic of China
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9
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Zhong W, Shi X, Yuan H, Bu H, Wu L, Wang R. Effects of Exercise Training on the Autophagy-Related Muscular Proteins Expression in Ovariectomized Rats. Front Physiol 2019; 10:735. [PMID: 31263428 PMCID: PMC6585433 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovariectomy disrupts estrogen production and homeostasis. However, whether exercise training (ET) could counteract the ovariectomy-induced effect on muscular autophagy has remained elusive. This study examined muscular autophagy in ovariectomized (OVX) rats following 8 weeks of swimming ET. Here, 40 6-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham-operated control (Sham), OVX control (OVX), OVX with 60-min ET (OVX-60ET), 90-min ET (OVX-90ET), and 120-min ET (OVX-120ET) for 6 days/week. According to the results of Western blotting, the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins in the OVX gastrocnemius muscle, including mammalian target of rapamycin, uncoordinated 51-like kinase 1, Beclin-1, autophagy-related gene (Atg-7), and microtubule-associated protein light chains 3 were significantly decreased (all P < 0.05), while there was an elevation on the p62 level. ET appreciably mitigated the OVX-induced negative effects on muscle quality and the autophagy pathway, which seemed to be dependent on ET volume. The most optimal outcomes were observed in the OVX-90ET group. The OVX-120 group had an adversely augmented catabolic process associated with gastrocnemius muscle atrophy. In conclusion, the expression levels of autophagy proteins are decreased in OVX rats, which can be appreciably mitigated following 8 weeks of swimming ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiquan Zhong
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiangrong Shi
- Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Honghua Yuan
- Research Facility Center for Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Huimin Bu
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lianlian Wu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Renwei Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Pagnotti GM, Styner M, Uzer G, Patel VS, Wright LE, Ness KK, Guise TA, Rubin J, Rubin CT. Combating osteoporosis and obesity with exercise: leveraging cell mechanosensitivity. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019; 15:339-355. [PMID: 30814687 PMCID: PMC6520125 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a condition of skeletal decline that undermines quality of life, is treated with pharmacological interventions that are associated with poor adherence and adverse effects. Complicating efforts to improve clinical outcomes, the incidence of obesity is increasing, predisposing the population to a range of musculoskeletal complications and metabolic disorders. Pharmacological management of obesity has yet to deliver notable reductions in weight and debilitating complications are rarely avoided. By contrast, exercise shows promise as a non-invasive and non-pharmacological method of regulating both osteoporosis and obesity. The principal components of exercise - mechanical signals - promote bone and muscle anabolism while limiting formation and expansion of fat mass. Mechanical regulation of bone and marrow fat might be achieved by regulating functions of differentiated cells in the skeletal tissue while biasing lineage selection of their common progenitors - mesenchymal stem cells. An inverse relationship between adipocyte versus osteoblast fate selection from stem cells is implicated in clinical conditions such as childhood obesity and increased marrow adiposity in type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as contributing to skeletal frailty. Understanding how exercise-induced mechanical signals can be used to improve bone quality while decreasing fat mass and metabolic dysfunction should lead to new strategies to treat chronic diseases such as osteoporosis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel M Pagnotti
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maya Styner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gunes Uzer
- College of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Vihitaben S Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Laura E Wright
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kirsten K Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Theresa A Guise
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Janet Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Clinton T Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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Pamon T, Bhandal V, Adler BJ, Ete Chan M, Rubin CT. Low-intensity vibration increases cartilage thickness in obese mice. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:751-759. [PMID: 29094382 PMCID: PMC5839968 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an elevated risk of osteoarthritis (OA). We examined here whether high fat diet administered in young mice, compromised the attainment of articular cartilage thickness. Further, we sought to determine if low-intensity vibration (LIV) could protect the retention of articular cartilage in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Five-week-old, male, C57BL/6 mice were separated into three groups (n = 10): Regular diet (RD), High fat diet (HF), and HF + LIV (HFv; 90 Hz, 0.2g, 30 min/d, 5 d/w) administered for 6 weeks. Additionally, an extended HF diet study was run for 6 months (LIV at 15 m/d). Articular cartilage and subchondral bone morphology, and sulfated GAG content were quantified using contrast agent enhanced μCT and histology. Gene expression within femoral condyles was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Contrary to our hypothesis, HF cartilage thickness was not statistically different from RD. However, LIV increased cartilage thickness compared to HF, and the elevated thickness was maintained when diet and LIV were extended into adulthood. RT-PCR analysis showed a reduction of aggrecan expression with high fat diet, while application of LIV reduced the expression of degradative MMP-13. Further, long-term HF diet resulted in subchondral bone thickening, compared to RD, providing early evidence of OA pathology-LIV suppressed the thickening, such that levels were not significantly different from RD. These data suggest that dynamic loading, via LIV, protected the retention of cartilage thickness, potentially resulting in joint surfaces better suited to endure the risks of elevated loading that parallel obesity. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:751-759, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tee Pamon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook NY 11794-5281
| | - Vincent Bhandal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook NY 11794-5281
| | - Benjamin J. Adler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook NY 11794-5281
| | - M. Ete Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook NY 11794-5281
| | - Clinton T. Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook NY 11794-5281
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Frechette DM, Krishnamoorthy D, Pamon T, Chan ME, Patel V, Rubin CT. Mechanical signals protect stem cell lineage selection, preserving the bone and muscle phenotypes in obesity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1409:33-50. [PMID: 28891202 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity is rapidly rising, increasing morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Associated comorbidities include type 2 diabetes, heart disease, fatty liver disease, and cancer. The impact of excess fat on musculoskeletal health is still unclear, although it is associated with increased fracture risk and a decline in muscular function. The complexity of obesity makes understanding the etiology of bone and muscle abnormalities difficult. Exercise is an effective and commonly prescribed nonpharmacological treatment option, but it can be difficult or unsafe for the frail, elderly, and morbidly obese. Exercise alternatives, such as low-intensity vibration (LIV), have potential for improving musculoskeletal health, particularly in conditions with excess fat. LIV has been shown to influence bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward higher-order tissues (i.e., bone) and away from fat. While the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, recent studies utilizing LIV both at the bench and in the clinic have demonstrated some efficacy. Here, we discuss the current literature investigating the effects of obesity on bone, muscle, and bone marrow and how exercise and LIV can be used as effective treatments for combating the negative effects in the presence of excess fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Frechette
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Divya Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Tee Pamon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - M Ete Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Vihitaben Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Clinton T Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
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Guo AY, Leung KS, Qin JH, Chow SKH, Cheung WH. Effect of Low-Magnitude, High-Frequency Vibration Treatment on Retardation of Sarcopenia: Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-P8 Model. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 19:293-302. [PMID: 26608404 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2015.1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia-related falls and fall-related injuries in community-dwelling elderly people garnered more and more interest in recent years. Low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) was proven beneficial to musculoskeletal system and recommended for sarcopenia treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of LMHFV on the sarcopenic animals and explore the mechanism of the stimulatory effects. Senescence-accelerated mouse P8 (SAMP8) mice at month 6 were randomized into control (Ctrl) and vibration (Vib) groups and the mice in the Vib group were given LMHFV (0.3 g, 20 min/day, 5 days/week) treatment. At months 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 post-treatment, muscle mass, structure, and function were assessed. The potential proliferation capacity of the muscle was also evaluated by investigating satellite cells (SCs) pool and serum myostatin expression. At late stage, the mice in the Vib group showed higher muscle strength (month 4, p = 0.028). Generally, contractibility was significantly improved by LMHFV (contraction time [CT], p = 0.000; half-relaxation time [RT50], p = 0.000). Enlarged cross-sectional area of fiber type IIA was observed in the Vib group when compared with Ctrl group (p = 0.000). No significant difference of muscle mass was observed. The promotive effect of LMHFV on myoregeneration was reflected by suppressed SC pool reduction (month 3, p = 0.000; month 4, p = 0.000) and low myostatin expression (p = 0.052). LMHFV significantly improved the structural and functional outcomes of the skeletal muscle, hence retarding the progress of sarcopenia in SAMP8. It would be a good recommendation for prevention of the diseases related to skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Yun Guo
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok-Sui Leung
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China .,2 Translational Medicine Research & Development Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang-Hui Qin
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China .,2 Translational Medicine Research & Development Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .,3 The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen, China
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Hamrick MW, McGee-Lawrence ME, Frechette DM. Fatty Infiltration of Skeletal Muscle: Mechanisms and Comparisons with Bone Marrow Adiposity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:69. [PMID: 27379021 PMCID: PMC4913107 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle and bone share common embryological origins from mesodermal cell populations and also display common growth trajectories early in life. Moreover, muscle and bone are both mechanoresponsive tissues, and the mass and strength of both tissues decline with age. The decline in muscle and bone strength that occurs with aging is accompanied in both cases by an accumulation of adipose tissue. In bone, adipocyte (AC) accumulation occurs in the marrow cavities of long bones and is known to increase with estrogen deficiency, mechanical unloading, and exposure to glucocorticoids. The factors leading to accumulation of intra- and intermuscular fat (myosteatosis) are less well understood, but recent evidence indicates that increases in intramuscular fat are associated with disuse, altered leptin signaling, sex steroid deficiency, and glucocorticoid treatment, factors that are also implicated in bone marrow adipogenesis. Importantly, accumulation of ACs in skeletal muscle and accumulation of intramyocellular lipid are linked to loss of muscle strength, reduced insulin sensitivity, and increased mortality among the elderly. Resistance exercise and whole body vibration can prevent fatty infiltration in skeletal muscle and also improve muscle strength. Therapeutic strategies to prevent myosteatosis may improve muscle function and reduce fall risk in the elderly, potentially impacting the incidence of bone fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. Hamrick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
- *Correspondence: Mark W. Hamrick,
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