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Gökçe E, Adıgüzel E, Koçak ÖK, Kılınç H, Langeard A, Boran E, Cengiz B. Impact of Acute High-intensity Interval Training on Cortical Excitability, M1-related Cognitive Functions, and Myokines: A Randomized Crossover Study. Neuroscience 2024; 551:290-298. [PMID: 38851379 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient, safe, and feasible exercise type that can be utilized across different ages and health status. This randomized cross-over study aimed to investigate the effect of acute HIIT on cortical excitability, M1-related cognitive functions, cognition-related myokines, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and Cathepsin B (CTSB). Twenty-three sedentary young adults (mean age: 22.78 years ± 2.87; 14 female) participated in a cross-over design involving two sessions: either 23 min of HIIT or seated rest. Before and after the sessions, cortical excitability was measured using transcranial magnetic stimulation, and M1-related cognitive functions were assessed by the n-back test and mental rotation test. Serum levels of BDNF and CTSB were assessed using the ELISA method before and after the HIIT intervention. We demonstrated that HIIT improved mental rotation and working memory, and increased serum levels of BDNF and CTSB, whereas cortical excitability did not change. Our findings provide evidence that one session of HIIT is effective on M1-related cognitive functions and cognition-related myokines. Future research is warranted to determine whether such findings are transferable to different populations, such as cognitively at-risk children, adults, and older adults, and to prescribe effective exercise programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrim Gökçe
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Hospital, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Emre Adıgüzel
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Hospital, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özlem Kurtkaya Koçak
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Neurology, Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Kılınç
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Neurology, Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Antoine Langeard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, CYCERON, CHU Caen, COMETE UMR 1075, Caen, France
| | - Evren Boran
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Neurology, Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bülent Cengiz
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Neurology, Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Sarai P, Luff C, Rohani-Shukla C, Strutton PH. Characteristics of motor evoked potentials in patients with peripheral vascular disease. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0290491. [PMID: 38662756 PMCID: PMC11045072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
With an aging population, it is common to encounter people diagnosed with peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Some will undergo surgeries during which the spinal cord may be compromised and intraoperative neuromonitoring with motor evoked potentials (MEPs) is employed to help mitigate paralysis. No data exist on characteristics of MEPs in older, PVD patients, which would be valuable for patients undergoing spinal cord at-risk surgery or participating in neurophysiological research. Transcranial magnetic stimulation, which can be delivered to the awake patient, was used to stimulate the motor cortex of 20 patients (mean (±SD)) age 63.2yrs (±11.5) with confirmed PVD, every 10 minutes for one hour with MEPs recorded from selected upper and lower limb muscles. Data were compared to that from 20 healthy volunteers recruited for a protocol development study (28yrs (±7.6)). MEPs did not differ between patient's symptomatic and asymptomatic legs. MEP amplitudes were not different for a given muscle between patients and healthy participants. Except for vastus lateralis, disease severity did not correlate with MEP amplitude. There were no differences over time in the coefficient of variation of MEP amplitude at each time point for any muscle in patients or in healthy participants. Although latencies of MEPs were not different between patients and healthy participants for a given muscle, they were longer in older participants. The results obtained suggest PVD alone does not impact MEPs; there were no differences between more symptomatic and less symptomatic legs. Further, in general, disease severity did not corelate with MEP characteristics. With an aging population, more patients with PVD and cardiovascular risk factors will be participating in neurophysiological studies or undergoing surgery where spinal cord integrity is monitored. Our data show that MEPs from these patients can be easily evoked and interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawandeep Sarai
- The Nick Davey Laboratory, Division of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Luff
- The Nick Davey Laboratory, Division of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cyrus Rohani-Shukla
- The Nick Davey Laboratory, Division of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul H. Strutton
- The Nick Davey Laboratory, Division of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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3
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van Helden JFL, Alexander E, Cabral HV, Strutton PH, Martinez-Valdes E, Falla D, Chowdhury JR, Chiou SY. Home-based arm cycling exercise improves trunk control in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury: an observational study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22120. [PMID: 38092831 PMCID: PMC10719287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49053-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Arm cycling is used for cardiorespiratory rehabilitation but its therapeutic effects on the neural control of the trunk after spinal cord injury (SCI) remain unclear. We investigated the effects of single session of arm cycling on corticospinal excitability, and the feasibility of home-based arm cycling exercise training on volitional control of the erector spinae (ES) in individuals with incomplete SCI. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation, we assessed motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in the ES before and after 30 min of arm cycling in 15 individuals with SCI and 15 able-bodied controls (Experiment 1). Both groups showed increased ES MEP size after the arm cycling. The participants with SCI subsequently underwent a 6-week home-based arm cycling exercise training (Experiment 2). MEP amplitudes and activity of the ES, and movements of the trunk during reaching, self-initiated rapid shoulder flexion, and predicted external perturbation tasks were measured. After the training, individuals with SCI reached further and improved trajectory of the trunk during the rapid shoulder flexion task, accompanied by increased ES activity and MEP amplitudes. Exercise adherence was excellent. We demonstrate preserved corticospinal drive after a single arm cycling session and the effects of home-based arm cycling exercise training on trunk function in individuals with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeri F L van Helden
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emma Alexander
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Hélio V Cabral
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paul H Strutton
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eduardo Martinez-Valdes
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Deborah Falla
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Joy Roy Chowdhury
- Midland Centre for Spinal Injuries, The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHSFT, Oswestry, UK
| | - Shin-Yi Chiou
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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4
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Hunter SK, S Angadi S, Bhargava A, Harper J, Hirschberg AL, D Levine B, L Moreau K, J Nokoff N, Stachenfeld NS, Bermon S. The Biological Basis of Sex Differences in Athletic Performance: Consensus Statement for the American College of Sports Medicine. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:2328-2360. [PMID: 37772882 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Biological sex is a primary determinant of athletic performance because of fundamental sex differences in anatomy and physiology dictated by sex chromosomes and sex hormones. Adult men are typically stronger, more powerful, and faster than women of similar age and training status. Thus, for athletic events and sports relying on endurance, muscle strength, speed, and power, males typically outperform females by 10%-30% depending on the requirements of the event. These sex differences in performance emerge with the onset of puberty and coincide with the increase in endogenous sex steroid hormones, in particular testosterone in males, which increases 30-fold by adulthood, but remains low in females. The primary goal of this consensus statement is to provide the latest scientific knowledge and mechanisms for the sex differences in athletic performance. This review highlights the differences in anatomy and physiology between males and females that are primary determinants of the sex differences in athletic performance and in response to exercise training, and the role of sex steroid hormones (particularly testosterone and estradiol). We also identify historical and nonphysiological factors that influence the sex differences in performance. Finally, we identify gaps in the knowledge of sex differences in athletic performance and the underlying mechanisms, providing substantial opportunities for high-impact studies. A major step toward closing the knowledge gap is to include more and equitable numbers of women to that of men in mechanistic studies that determine any of the sex differences in response to an acute bout of exercise, exercise training, and athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra K Hunter
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, and Athletic and Human Performance Center, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Aditi Bhargava
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Joanna Harper
- Loughborough University, Loughborough, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Angelica Lindén Hirschberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SWEDEN
| | - Benjamin D Levine
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Kerrie L Moreau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, and Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO
| | - Natalie J Nokoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Nina S Stachenfeld
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Stéphane Bermon
- Health and Science Department, World Athletics, Monaco and the LAMHESS, University Côte d'Azur, Nice, FRANCE
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5
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Eibl T, Schrey M, Liebert A, Ritter L, Lange R, Steiner HH, Schebesch KM. Influence of clinical and tumor-specific factors on the resting motor threshold in navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurophysiol Clin 2023; 53:102920. [PMID: 37944292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2023.102920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preoperative non-invasive mapping of motor function with navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) has become a widely used diagnostic procedure. Determination of the patient-individual resting motor threshold (rMT) is of great importance to achieve reliable results when conducting nTMS motor mapping. Factors which contribute to differences in rMT of brain tumor patients have not been fully investigated. METHODS We included adult patients with all types of de novo and recurrent intracranial lesions, suspicious for intra-axial brain tumors. The outcome measure was the rMT of the upper extremity, defined as the stimulation intensity eliciting motor evoked potentials with amplitudes greater than 50µV in 50 % of applied stimulations. RESULTS Eighty nTMS examinations in 75 patients (37.5 % female) aged 57.9 ± 14.9 years were evaluated. In non-parametric testing, rMT values were higher in patients with upper extremity paresis (p = 0.024) and lower in patients with high grade gliomas (HGG) (p = 0.001). rMT inversely correlated with patient age (rs=-0.28, p = 0.013) and edema volume (rs=-0.28, p = 0.012) In regression analysis, infiltration of the precentral gyrus (p<0.001) increased rMT values. Values of rMT were reduced in high grade gliomas (p<0.001), in patients taking Levetiracetam (p = 0.019) and if perilesional edema infiltrated motor eloquent brain (p<0.001). Subgroup analyses of glioma patients revealed similar results. Values of rMT did not differ between hand and forearm muscles. CONCLUSION Most factors confounding rMT in our study were specific to the lesion. These factors contributed to the variability in cortical excitability and must be considered in clinical work with nTMS to achieve reliable results with nTMS motor mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eibl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Schrey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Adrian Liebert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Leonard Ritter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Lange
- Department of Neurology, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Germany
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Bai Z, Zhu F, Lou X, Zhang JJ, Jin M, Qin W, Tang C, Li J, Lu J, Lin J, Jin L, Qi Q, Fong KNK. Considerable effects of lateralization and aging in intracortical excitation and inhibition. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1269474. [PMID: 38033537 PMCID: PMC10687141 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1269474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Findings based on the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation and electromyography (TMS-EMG) to determine the effects of motor lateralization and aging on intracortical excitation and inhibition in the primary motor cortex (M1) are inconsistent in the literature. TMS and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) measures the excitability of excitatory and inhibitory circuits in the brain cortex without contamination from the spine and muscles. This study aimed to investigate the effects of motor lateralization (dominant and non-dominant hemispheres) and aging (young and older) and their interaction effects on intracortical excitation and inhibition within the M1 in healthy adults, measured using TMS-EMG and TMS-EEG. Methods This study included 21 young (mean age = 28.1 ± 3.2 years) and 21 older healthy adults (mean age = 62.8 ± 4.2 years). A battery of TMS-EMG measurements and single-pulse TMS-EEG were recorded for the bilateral M1. Results Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to investigate lateralization and aging and the lateralization-by-aging interaction effect on neurophysiological outcomes. The non-dominant M1 presented a longer cortical silent period and larger amplitudes of P60, N100, and P180. Corticospinal excitability in older participants was significantly reduced, as supported by a larger resting motor threshold and lower motor-evoked potential amplitudes. N100 amplitudes were significantly reduced in older participants, and the N100 and P180 latencies were significantly later than those in young participants. There was no significant lateralization-by-aging interaction effect in any outcome. Conclusion Lateralization and aging have independent and significant effects on intracortical excitation and inhibition in healthy adults. The functional decline of excitatory and inhibitory circuits in the M1 is associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfei Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Centre), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Centre), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Centre), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jack Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Minxia Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Centre), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenting Qin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Centre), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaozheng Tang
- Capacity Building and Continuing Education Center, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiani Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Centre), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Centre), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingjing Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Centre), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Centre), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kenneth N. K. Fong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Wang YR, Lefebvre G, Picard M, Lamoureux-Andrichuk A, Ferland MC, Therrien-Blanchet JM, Boré A, Tremblay J, Descoteaux M, Champoux F, Théoret H. Physiological, Anatomical and Metabolic Correlates of Aerobic Fitness in Human Primary Motor Cortex: A Multimodal Study. Neuroscience 2023; 517:70-83. [PMID: 36921757 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) has been shown to benefit various cognitive functions and promote neuroplasticity. Whereas the effects of PA on brain anatomy and function have been well documented in older individuals, data are scarce in young adults. Whether high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) achieved through regular PA are associated with significant structural and functional changes in this age group remains largely unknown. In the present study, twenty young adults that engaged in at least 8 hours per week of aerobic exercise during the last 5 years were compared to twenty sedentary controls on measures of cortical excitability, white matter microstructure, cortical thickness and metabolite concentration. All measures were taken in the left primary motor cortex and CRF was assessed with VO2max. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) revealed higher corticospinal excitability in high- compared to low-fit individuals reflected by greater input/output curve amplitude and slope. No group differences were found for other TMS (short-interval intracortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation), diffusion MRI (fractional anisotropy and apparent fiber density), structural MRI (cortical thickness) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NAA, GABA, Glx) measures. Taken together, the present data suggest that brain changes associated with increased CRF are relatively limited, at least in primary motor cortex, in contrast to what has been observed in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ran Wang
- Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Lefebvre
- Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Maude Picard
- Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Arnaud Boré
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Jonathan Tremblay
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Maxime Descoteaux
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - François Champoux
- École d'Orthophonie et d'Audiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hugo Théoret
- Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Laginestra FG, Cavicchia A, Vanegas-Lopez JE, Barbi C, Martignon C, Giuriato G, Pedrinolla A, Amann M, Hureau TJ, Venturelli M. Prior Involvement of Central Motor Drive Does Not Impact Performance and Neuromuscular Fatigue in a Subsequent Endurance Task. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1751-1760. [PMID: 35612382 PMCID: PMC9481724 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated whether central motor drive during fatiguing exercise plays a role in determining performance and the development of neuromuscular fatigue during a subsequent endurance task. METHODS On separate days, 10 males completed three constant-load (80% peak power output), single-leg knee-extension trials to task failure in a randomized fashion. One trial was performed without preexisting quadriceps fatigue (CON), and two trials were performed with preexisting quadriceps fatigue induced either by voluntary (VOL; involving central motor drive) or electrically evoked (EVO; without central motor drive) quadriceps contractions (~20% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)). Neuromuscular fatigue was assessed via pre-post changes in MVC, voluntary activation (VA), and quadriceps potentiated twitch force ( Qtw,pot ). Cardiorespiratory responses and rating of perceived exertion were also collected throughout the sessions. The two prefatiguing protocols were matched for peripheral fatigue and stopped when Qtw,pot declined by ~35%. RESULTS Time to exhaustion was shorter in EVO (4.3 ± 1.3 min) and VOL (4.7 ± 1.5 min) compared with CON (10.8 ± 3.6 min, P < 0.01) with no difference between EVO and VOL. ΔMVC (EVO: -47% ± 8%, VOL: -45% ± 8%, CON: -53% ± 8%), Δ Qtw,pot (EVO: -65% ± 7%, VOL: -59% ± 14%, CON: -64% ± 9%), and ΔVA (EVO: -9% ± 7%, VOL: -8% ± 5%, CON: -7% ± 5%) at the end of the dynamic task were not different between conditions (all P > 0.05). Compared with EVO (10.6 ± 1.7) and CON (6.8 ± 0.8), rating of perceived exertion was higher ( P = 0.05) at the beginning of VOL (12.2 ± 1.0). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that central motor drive involvement during prior exercise plays a negligible role on the subsequent endurance performance. Therefore, our findings indicate that peripheral fatigue-mediated impairments are the primary determinants of high-intensity single-leg endurance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Cavicchia
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement, University of Verona, ITALY
| | - Jennifer E. Vanegas-Lopez
- Faculty of Medicine, Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscular Protection Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, FRANCE
| | - Chiara Barbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement, University of Verona, ITALY
| | - Camilla Martignon
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement, University of Verona, ITALY
| | - Gaia Giuriato
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement, University of Verona, ITALY
| | - Anna Pedrinolla
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement, University of Verona, ITALY
| | - Markus Amann
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Thomas J. Hureau
- Faculty of Medicine, Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscular Protection Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, FRANCE
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement, University of Verona, ITALY
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9
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Liu HH, Wang RY, Cheng SJ, Liao KK, Zhou JH, Yang YR. Balance Training Modulates Cortical Inhibition in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2022; 36:613-620. [PMID: 36004820 DOI: 10.1177/15459683221119761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) develop balance dysfunction. Previous studies showed that individuals with PD have abnormal corticomotor changes related to severity of motor symptoms and disease progression. Cortical disinhibition was observed in PD and this alteration can be an early sign of PD. Balance training seems to be an effective intervention to improve balance in individuals with PD. However, it is not much known about the effect of balance training on cortical neuroplasticity in PD population. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of balance training on corticomotor excitability in individuals with PD. METHODS Twenty-eight PD participants were recruited and randomly assigned to either the balance training (BT) or the control (CON) group. Both groups underwent 16 training sessions over 8 weeks. Outcome measures for corticomotor inhibition included the cortical silent period (CSP) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) on transcranial magnetic stimulation. Balance performance was measured using the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BEST) and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. RESULTS Participants in the BT group showed a significant increase in corticomotor inhibition (CSP: P = .028, SICI: P = .04) and a significant improvement in balance performance (Mini-BEST: P = .001, TUG: P = .04) after training. Compared to the CON group, the BT group showed a greater increase in corticomotor inhibition (CSP: P = .017, SICI: P = .046) and better improvement in balance (Mini-BEST: P = .046). CONCLUSION Balance training could modulate corticomotor inhibition in the primary motor cortex and improve balance performance in individuals with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hsuan Liu
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei.,Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
| | - Ray-Yau Wang
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei.,Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
| | - Shih-Jung Cheng
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei.,Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei.,Department of Neurology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - Kwong-Kum Liao
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei
| | - Jun-Hong Zhou
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei.,Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
| | - Yea-Ru Yang
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei.,Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei.,Preventive Medicine Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
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10
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Sun Y, Hurd CL, Barnes MM, Yang JF. Neural Plasticity in Spinal and Corticospinal Pathways Induced by Balance Training in Neurologically Intact Adults: A Systematic Review. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:921490. [PMID: 36061497 PMCID: PMC9428930 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.921490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Balance training, defined here as training of postural equilibrium, improves postural control and reduces the rate of falls especially in older adults. This systematic review aimed to determine the neuroplasticity induced by such training in younger (18–30 years old) and older adults (≥65 years old). We focused on spinal and corticospinal pathways, as studied with electrophysiology, in people without neurological or other systemic disorders. We were specifically interested in the change in the excitability of these pathways before and after training. Searches were conducted in four databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Embase. A total of 1,172 abstracts were screened, and 14 articles were included. Quality of the studies was evaluated with the Downs and Black checklist. Twelve of the studies measured spinal reflexes, with ten measuring the soleus H-reflex. The H-reflex amplitude was consistently reduced in younger adults after balance training, while mixed results were found in older adults, with many showing an increase in the H-reflex after training. The differences in results between studies of younger vs. older adults may be related to the differences in their H-reflexes at baseline, with older adults showing much smaller H-reflexes than younger adults. Five studies measured corticospinal and intracortical excitability using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Younger adults showed reduced corticospinal excitability and enhanced intracortical inhibition after balance training. Two studies on older adults reported mixed results after training. No conclusions could be drawn for corticospinal and intracortical plasticity given the small number of studies. Overall, balance training induced measurable change in spinal excitability, with different changes seen in younger compared to older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Caitlin L. Hurd
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michelle M. Barnes
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jaynie F. Yang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jaynie F. Yang
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11
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Woldeamanuel GG, Frazer AK, Lee A, Avela J, Tallent J, Ahtiainen JP, Pearce AJ, Kidgell DJ. Determining the Corticospinal Responses and Cross-Transfer of Ballistic Motor Performance in Young and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Mot Behav 2022; 54:763-786. [PMID: 35437124 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2022.2061409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ballistic motor training induces plasticity changes and imparts a cross-transfer effect. However, whether there are age-related differences in these changes remain unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to determine the corticospinal responses and cross-transfer of motor performance following ballistic motor training in young and older adults. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. A best evidence synthesis was performed for variables that had insufficient data for meta-analysis. There was strong evidence to suggest that young participants exhibited greater cross-transfer of ballistic motor performance than their older counterparts. This meta-analysis showed no significant age-related differences in motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and surface electromyography (sEMG) for both hands following ballistic motor training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ashlyn K Frazer
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Annemarie Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Janne Avela
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jamie Tallent
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Sciences, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK
| | - Juha P Ahtiainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Alan J Pearce
- College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dawson J Kidgell
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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12
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Proessl F, Canino MC, Beckner ME, Conkright WR, LaGoy AD, Sinnott AM, Eagle SR, Martin BJ, Sterczala AJ, Roma PG, Dretsch MN, Mi Q, Ferrarelli F, Germain A, Connaboy C, Nindl BC, Flanagan SD. Use-dependent corticospinal excitability is associated with resilience and physical performance during simulated military operational stress. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:187-198. [PMID: 34855522 PMCID: PMC8791840 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00628.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simulated military operational stress (SMOS) provides a useful model to better understand resilience in humans as the stress associated with caloric restriction, sleep deficits, and fatiguing exertion degrades physical and cognitive performance. Habitual physical activity may confer resilience against these stressors by promoting favorable use-dependent neuroplasticity, but it is unclear how physical activity, resilience, and corticospinal excitability (CSE) relate during SMOS. To examine associations between corticospinal excitability, physical activity, and physical performance during SMOS. Fifty-three service members (age: 26 ± 5 yr, 13 women) completed a 5-day and -night intervention composed of familiarization, baseline, SMOS (2 nights/days), and recovery days. During SMOS, participants performed rigorous physical and cognitive activities while receiving half of normal sleep (two 2-h blocks) and caloric requirements. Lower and upper limb CSE were determined with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) stimulus-response curves. Self-reported resilience, physical activity, military-specific physical performance (TMT), and endocrine factors were compared in individuals with high (HIGH) and low CSE based on a median split of lower limb CSE at baseline. HIGH had greater physical activity and better TMT performance throughout SMOS. Both groups maintained physical performance despite substantial psychophysiological stress. Physical activity, resilience, and TMT performance were directly associated with lower limb CSE. Individual differences in physical activity coincide with lower (but not upper) limb CSE. Such use-dependent corticospinal excitability directly relates to resilience and physical performance during SMOS. Future studies may use noninvasive neuromodulation to clarify the interplay among CSE, physical activity, and resilience and improve physical and cognitive performance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that individual differences in physical activity levels coincide with lower limb corticospinal excitability. Such use-dependent corticospinal excitability directly relates to resilience and physical performance during a 5-day simulation of military operational stress with caloric restriction, sleep restriction and disruption, and heavy physical and cognitive exertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Proessl
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - M. C. Canino
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - M. E. Beckner
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - W. R. Conkright
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - A. D. LaGoy
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,4Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - A. M. Sinnott
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - S. R. Eagle
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - B. J. Martin
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - A. J. Sterczala
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - P. G. Roma
- 2Behavioral Health & Performance Laboratory, Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center/KBR, Houston, Texas
| | - M. N. Dretsch
- 3U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-West, Walter Reed
Army Institute of Research, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington
| | - Qi Mi
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - F. Ferrarelli
- 4Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - A. Germain
- 4Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - C. Connaboy
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - B. C. Nindl
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - S. D. Flanagan
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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13
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Biological sex differences in afferent-mediated inhibition of motor responses evoked by TMS. Brain Res 2021; 1771:147657. [PMID: 34509460 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sensorimotor integration can be assessed by pairing electrical peripheral nerve stimulation with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The resulting afferent inhibition is observed when TMS precedes nerve stimulation by ∼ 20-25 ms, termed short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI), or by 200 ms, termed long-latency afferent inhibition (LAI). The purpose of this study was to determine whether biological sex influences the magnitude of SAI or LAI. SAI and LAI were assessed in fifteen males (21.5 ± 2.7 years) and fifteen females (20.2 ± 2.3 years). TMS was delivered to the primary motor cortex (M1) following stimulation of the contralateral median nerve at the wrist or digital nerve of the index finger, and motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were obtained from the right first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle. SAI evoked by median and digital nerve stimulation, and LAI evoked by median nerve stimulation, were not different between males and females. LAI evoked by digital nerve stimulation was increased in females compared to males, but this difference between sexes was no longer present following the removal of datapoints where inhibition was not observed. This study is the first to investigate biological sex differences in afferent inhibition.
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14
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Hand BJ, Opie GM, Sidhu SK, Semmler JG. Motor cortex plasticity and visuomotor skill learning in upper and lower limbs of endurance-trained cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 122:169-184. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Physical activity, motor performance and skill learning: a focus on primary motor cortex in healthy aging. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:3431-3438. [PMID: 34499187 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Participation in physical activity benefits brain health and function. Cognitive function generally demonstrates a noticeable effect of physical activity, but much less is known about areas responsible for controlling movement, such as primary motor cortex (M1). While more physical activity may support M1 plasticity in older adults, the neural mechanisms underlying this beneficial effect remain poorly understood. Aging is inevitably accompanied by diminished motor performance, and the extent of plasticity may also be less in older adults compared with young. Motor complications with aging may, perhaps unsurprisingly, contribute to reduced physical activity in older adults. While the development of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques have identified that human M1 is a crucial site for learning motor skills and recovery of motor function after injury, a considerable lack of knowledge remains about how physical activity impacts M1 with healthy aging. Reducing impaired neural activity in older adults may have important implications after neurological insult, such as stroke, which is more common with advancing age. Therefore, a better understanding about the effects of physical activity on M1 processes and motor learning in older adults may promote healthy aging, but also allow us to facilitate recovery of motor function after neurological injury. This article will initially provide a brief overview of the neurophysiology of M1 in the context of learning motor skills, with a focus on healthy aging in humans. This information will then be proceeded by a more detailed assessment that focuses on whether physical activity benefits motor function and human M1 processes.
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16
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Rowland RS, Jenkinson N, Chiou SY. Age-Related Differences in Corticospinal Excitability and Anticipatory Postural Adjustments of the Trunk. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:718784. [PMID: 34483887 PMCID: PMC8416077 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.718784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) are a feedforward mechanism for the maintenance of postural stability and are delayed in old adults. We previously showed in young adults that APAs of the trunk induced by a fast shoulder movement were mediated, at least in part, by a cortical mechanism. However, it remains unclear the relationship between delayed APAs and motor cortical excitability in ageing. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation we examined motor evoked potentials (MEPs) of the erector spinae (ES) muscles in healthy young and old adults prior to a fast shoulder flexion task. A recognition reaction time (RRT) paradigm was used where participants responded to a visual stimulus by flexing their shoulders bilaterally as fast as possible. The activity of bilateral anterior deltoid (AD) and ES muscles was recorded using electromyography (EMG). The onset of AD and ES EMG was measured to represent RRT and APAs, respectively. We found increases in amplitudes of ES MEPs at 40 ms than 50 ms prior to the EMG onset of the AD in both groups. The amplitude of ES MEPs at 40 ms prior to the onset of AD EMG correlated with the onset of ES activity counterbalancing the perturbation induced by the shoulder task in the elderly participants only. Our findings suggest that timing of increasing corticospinal excitability prior to a self-paced perturbation becomes more relevant with ageing in modulating postural control of the trunk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Rowland
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ned Jenkinson
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council 'Versus' Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shin-Yi Chiou
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council 'Versus' Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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17
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Collimore AN, Aiello AJ, Pohlig RT, Awad LN. The Dynamic Motor Control Index as a Marker of Age-Related Neuromuscular Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:678525. [PMID: 34366824 PMCID: PMC8339561 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.678525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers that can identify age-related decline in walking function have potential to promote healthier aging by triggering timely interventions that can mitigate or reverse impairments. Recent evidence suggests that changes in neuromuscular control precede changes in walking function; however, it is unclear which measures are best suited for identifying age-related changes. In this study, non-negative matrix factorization of electromyography data collected during treadmill walking was used to calculate two measures of the complexity of muscle co-activations during walking for 36 adults: (1) the number of muscle synergies and (2) the dynamic motor control index. Study participants were grouped into young (18–35 years old), young-old (65–74 years old), and old–old (75+ years old) subsets. We found that the dynamic motor control index [χ2(2) = 9.41, p = 0.009], and not the number of muscle synergies [χ2(2) = 5.42, p = 0.067], differentiates between age groups [χ2(4) = 10.62, p = 0.031, Nagelkerke R2 = 0.297]. Moreover, an impairment threshold set at a dynamic motor control index of 90 (i.e., one standard deviation below the young adults) was able to differentiate between age groups [χ2(2) = 9.351, p = 0.009]. The dynamic motor control index identifies age-related differences in neuromuscular complexity not measured by the number of muscle synergies and may have clinical utility as a marker of neuromotor impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Collimore
- Neuromotor Recovery Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ashlyn J Aiello
- Neuromotor Recovery Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ryan T Pohlig
- Biostatistics Core Facility, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Louis N Awad
- Neuromotor Recovery Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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18
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Mohammad Mahdi Alavi S, Goetz SM, Saif M. Input-output slope curve estimation in neural stimulation based on optimal sampling principles . J Neural Eng 2021; 18:10.1088/1741-2552/abffe5. [PMID: 33975287 PMCID: PMC8384062 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abffe5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper discusses some of the practical limitations and issues, which exist for the input-output (IO) slope curve estimation (SCE) in neural, brain and spinal, stimulation techniques. The drawbacks of the SCE techniques by using existing uniform sampling and Fisher-information-based optimal IO curve estimation (FO-IOCE) methods are elaborated. A novel IO SCE technique is proposed with a modified sampling strategy and stopping rule which improve the SCE performance compared to these methods. The effectiveness of the proposed IO SCE is tested on 1000 simulation runs in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), with a realistic model of motor evoked potentials. The results show that the proposed IO SCE method successfully satisfies the stopping rule, before reaching the maximum number of TMS pulses in 79.5% of runs, while the estimation based on the uniform sampling technique never converges and satisfies the stopping rule. At the time of successful termination, the proposed IO SCE method decreases the 95th percentile (mean value in the parentheses) of the absolute relative estimation errors (AREs) of the slope curve parameters up to 7.45% (2.2%), with only 18 additional pulses on average compared to that of the FO-IOCE technique. It also decreases the 95th percentile (mean value in the parentheses) of the AREs of the IO slope curve parameters up to 59.33% (16.71%), compared to that of the uniform sampling method. The proposed IO SCE also identifies the peak slope with higher accuracy, with the 95th percentile (mean value in the parentheses) of AREs reduced by up to 9.96% (2.01%) compared to that of the FO-IOCE method, and by up to 46.29% (13.13%) compared to that of the uniform sampling method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Alavi
- Department of Applied Computing and Engineering, School of Technologies, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Llandaff Campus, Western Avenue, Cardiff CF5 2YB, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan M Goetz
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Neurosurgery as well as the Duke Brain Initiative, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mehrdad Saif
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
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19
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Varesco G, Hunter SK, Rozand V. Physical activity and aging research: opportunities abound. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1004-1006. [PMID: 33951404 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with large between-subjects variability in motor function among older adults, which can compromise identifying the mechanisms for age-related reductions in motor performance. This variability is in part explained by differences among older adults in habitual physical activity. Quantifying and accounting for physical activity levels of the participants in aging studies will help differentiate those changes in motor function associated with biological aging rather than those induced by inactivity. Novelty: Quantification of physical activity levels in studies with older participants will help differentiate the effects of aging rather than physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Varesco
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, EA 7424, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France
| | - S K Hunter
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - V Rozand
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, EA 7424, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France
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20
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Kwon M, Senefeld JW, Hunter SK. Attenuated activation of knee extensor muscles during fast contractions in older men and women. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:2289-2299. [PMID: 32789699 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Reduced physical function and increased risk of falls in older adults are accompanied by age-related reductions in torque development of leg muscles, although the mechanisms and potential sex differences are not understood. PURPOSE To determine the mechanistic origins (neural vs. muscular) for the age-related reduction in torque development, we compared the peak rates of torque development (RTD) during electrically-evoked and fast voluntary contractions of the knee extensors between young and older men and women. METHODS Sets of single- and double-pulse electrical stimulations evoked contractions of the knee extensor muscles in 20 young (23.0 ± 0.8 years; 10 women) and 20 older adults (78.2 ± 1.5 years; 10 women), followed by voluntary isometric knee extension contractions with torque development as fast as possible that matched the torque during electrically-evoked contraction (10-40% maximal torque). RESULTS Peak RTD during fast-voluntary contractions was 41% less than electrically-evoked contractions (p < 0.001), but more so for older adults (44%) than young (38%, p = 0.04), with no sex differences. Peak RTD during fast-voluntary contractions was more variable between contractions for the older than young adults (77%MVC s-1 vs. 47%MVC s-1, p < 0.001). Additionally, older women exhibited greater variability than older men (81%MVC s-1 vs. 72%MVC s-1, p = 0.04) with no sex-related differences within the young adults. CONCLUSION Older adults had slower and more variable RTD during voluntary contractions than young adults, particularly older women. The limited age-related differences in electrically-evoked RTD suggest the primary mechanism for the slower torque development of the knee extensor muscles in older men and women involve reduced neural activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinHyuk Kwon
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Jonathon W Senefeld
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sandra K Hunter
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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21
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Measurement of Active Motor Threshold Using a Dynamometer During Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in a Patient with Postoperative Brain Tumor: Technical Note. World Neurosurg 2019; 133:42-48. [PMID: 31550542 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) is being used for different purposes in patients with brain tumors. However, the procedure requires a positive electrophysiological response. For patients with negative response in rest conditions, active motor threshold (AMT) may be used. However, sometimes it is difficult to obtain AMT measures owing to inability of the patient to sustain steady muscle contraction. Herein, we describe a simple method by using a hand dynamometer to obtain AMT measures during nTMS session. CASE DESCRIPTION A woman aged 68 years underwent total removal of a right frontal lobe oligodendroglioma World Health Organization grade II 15 years ago. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging during follow-up revealed local recurrence. In the postoperative period, she developed left upper limb paresis. A postoperative nTMS session was performed for motor electrophysiological evaluation. However, using the standard technique for AMT measurement, the patient was unable to perform sustained muscle contraction as required. A hand dynamometer was used. It allowed sustained muscle contraction for AMT measurement. A counter force for the index finger flexion, the hand support to stabilize hand joints, and a numerical screen serving for both the examiner and the patient as a feedback parameter may explain the success obtained with this simple device. CONCLUSIONS Although more studies are necessary to validate the method, the hand dynamometer should be considered for patients unable to sustain muscle contraction during AMT measurement.
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