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Smulders PS, Heikamp K, Hermanides J, Hollmann MW, ten Hoope W, Weber NC. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy models constructed from human induced pluripotent stem cells and directly converted cells: a systematic review. Pain 2024; 165:1914-1925. [PMID: 38381959 PMCID: PMC11331829 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Developments in human cellular reprogramming now allow for the generation of human neurons for in vitro disease modelling. This technique has since been used for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) research, resulting in the description of numerous CIPN models constructed from human neurons. This systematic review provides a critical analysis of available models and their methodological considerations (ie, used cell type and source, CIPN induction strategy, and validation method) for prospective researchers aiming to incorporate human in vitro models of CIPN in their research. The search strategy was developed with assistance from a clinical librarian and conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed) and Embase (Ovid) on September 26, 2023. Twenty-six peer-reviewed experimental studies presenting original data about human reprogrammed nonmotor neuron cell culture systems and relevant market available chemotherapeutics drugs were included. Virtually, all recent reports modeled CIPN using nociceptive dorsal root ganglion neurons. Drugs known to cause the highest incidence of CIPN were most used. Furthermore, treatment effects were almost exclusively validated by the acute effects of chemotherapeutics on neurite dynamics and cytotoxicity parameters, enabling the extrapolation of the half-maximal inhibitory concentration for the 4 most used chemotherapeutics. Overall, substantial heterogeneity was observed in the way studies applied chemotherapy and reported their findings. We therefore propose 6 suggestions to improve the clinical relevance and appropriateness of human cellular reprogramming-derived CIPN models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal S.H. Smulders
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kim Heikamp
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Hermanides
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Markus W. Hollmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Werner ten Hoope
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | - Nina C. Weber
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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2
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Brown SP, Lawson RJ, Moreno JD, Ransdell JL. A Reinterpretation of the Relationship between Persistent and Resurgent Sodium Currents. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e2396232024. [PMID: 38858080 PMCID: PMC11255426 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2396-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The resurgent sodium current (INaR) activates on membrane repolarization, such as during the downstroke of neuronal action potentials. Due to its unique activation properties, INaR is thought to drive high rates of repetitive neuronal firing. However, INaR is often studied in combination with the persistent or noninactivating portion of sodium currents (INaP). We used dynamic clamp to test how INaR and INaP individually affect repetitive firing in adult cerebellar Purkinje neurons from male and female mice. We learned INaR does not scale repetitive firing rates due to its rapid decay at subthreshold voltages and that subthreshold INaP is critical in regulating neuronal firing rate. Adjustments to the voltage-gated sodium conductance model used in these studies revealed INaP and INaR can be inversely scaled by adjusting occupancy in the slow-inactivated kinetic state. Together with additional dynamic clamp experiments, these data suggest the regulation of sodium channel slow inactivation can fine-tune INaP and Purkinje neuron repetitive firing rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P Brown
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056
| | - Ryan J Lawson
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056
| | - Jonathan D Moreno
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
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3
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Brown SP, Lawson RJ, Moreno JD, Ransdell JL. A Reinterpretation of the Relationship Between Persistent and Resurgent Sodium Currents. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.25.564042. [PMID: 38187680 PMCID: PMC10769191 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.25.564042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The resurgent sodium current (INaR) activates on membrane repolarization, such as during the downstroke of neuronal action potentials. Due to its unique activation properties, INaR is thought to drive high rates of repetitive neuronal firing. However, INaR is often studied in combination with the persistent or non-inactivating portion of sodium currents (INaP). We used dynamic clamp to test how INaR and INaP individually affect repetitive firing in adult cerebellar Purkinje neurons from male and female mice. We learned INaR does not scale repetitive firing rates due to its rapid decay at subthreshold voltages, and that subthreshold INaP is critical in regulating neuronal firing rate. Adjustments to the Nav conductance model used in these studies revealed INaP and INaR can be inversely scaled by adjusting occupancy in the slow inactivated kinetic state. Together with additional dynamic clamp experiments, these data suggest the regulation of sodium channel slow inactivation can fine-tune INaP and Purkinje neuron repetitive firing rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan J. Lawson
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - Jonathan D. Moreno
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
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4
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Zurek NA, Ehsanian R, Goins AE, Adams IM, Petersen T, Goyal S, Shilling M, Westlund KN, Alles SRA. Electrophysiological Analyses of Human Dorsal Root Ganglia and Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Sensory Neurons From Male and Female Donors. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:104451. [PMID: 38154622 PMCID: PMC11128351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived sensory neurons (hiPSC-SNs) and human dorsal root ganglia neurons (hDRG-N) are popular tools in the field of pain research; however, few groups make use of both approaches. For screening and analgesic validation purposes, important characterizations can be determined of the similarities and differences between hDRG-N and hiPSC-SNs. This study focuses specifically on the electrophysiology properties of hDRG-N in comparison to hiPSC-SNs. We also compared hDRG-N and hiPSC-SNs from both male and female donors to evaluate potential sex differences. We recorded neuronal size, rheobase, resting membrane potential, input resistance, and action potential waveform properties from 83 hiPSCs-SNs (2 donors) and 108 hDRG-N neurons (8 donors). We observed several statistically significant electrophysiological differences between hDRG-N and hiPSC-SNs, such as size, rheobase, input resistance, and several action potential waveform properties. Correlation analysis also revealed many properties that were positively or negatively correlated, some of which were differentially correlated between hDRG-N and hiPSC-SNs. This study shows several differences between hDRG-N and hiPSC-SNs and allows a better understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of both for use in pain research. We hope this study will be a valuable resource for pain researchers considering the use of these human in vitro systems for mechanistic studies and/or drug development projects. PERSPECTIVE: hiPSC-SNs and hDRG-N are popular tools in the field of pain research. This study allows for a better functional understanding of the pros and cons of both tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesia A Zurek
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Reza Ehsanian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Aleyah E Goins
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Ian M Adams
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Timothy Petersen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Sachin Goyal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Mark Shilling
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Karin N Westlund
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Sascha R A Alles
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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5
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Kamei T, Kudo T, Yamane H, Ishibashi F, Takada Y, Honda S, Maezawa Y, Ikeda K, Oyamada Y. Unique electrophysiological property of a novel Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 sodium channel blocker, ANP-230. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 721:150126. [PMID: 38776832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channel subtypes, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 are predominantly expressed in peripheral sensory neurons. Recent genetic studies have revealed that they are involved in pathological pain processing and that the blockade of Nav1.7, Nav1.8, or Nav1.9 will become a promising pharmacotherapy especially for neuropathic pain. A growing number of drug discovery programs have targeted either of the subtypes to obtain a selective inhibitor which can provide pain relief without affecting the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, though none of them has been approved yet. Here we describe the in vitro characteristics of ANP-230, a novel sodium channel blocker under clinical development. Surprisingly, ANP-230 was shown to block three pain-related subtypes, human Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 with similar potency, but had only low inhibitory activity to human cardiac Nav1.5 channel and rat central Nav channels. The voltage clamp experiments using different step pulse protocols revealed that ANP-230 had a "tonic block" mode of action without state- and use-dependency. In addition, ANP-230 caused a depolarizing shift of the activation curve and decelerated gating kinetics in human Nav1.7-stably expressing cells. The depolarizing shift of activation curve was commonly observed in human Nav1.8-stably expressing cells as well as rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. These data suggested a quite unique mechanism of Nav channel inhibition by ANP-230. Finally, ANP-230 reduced excitability of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons in a concentration dependent manner. Collectively, these promising results indicate that ANP-230 could be a potent drug for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kamei
- Pharmacology Research Unit, Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, 554-0022, Japan; Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Takehiro Kudo
- Pharmacology Research Unit, Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, 554-0022, Japan
| | - Hana Yamane
- Pharmacology Research Unit, Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, 554-0022, Japan; Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Ishibashi
- Pharmacology Research Unit, Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, 554-0022, Japan; Platform Technology Research Unit, Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, 554-0022, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takada
- Pharmacology Research Unit, Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, 554-0022, Japan; Global Corporate Strategy, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 104-8356, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Honda
- Pharmacology Research Unit, Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, 554-0022, Japan; Sumika Chemical Analysis Service, Ltd., Osaka, 554-0022, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Maezawa
- Pharmacology Research Unit, Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, 554-0022, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Ikeda
- Pharmacology Research Unit, Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, 554-0022, Japan; Platform Technology Research Unit, Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, 554-0022, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Oyamada
- Pharmacology Research Unit, Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, 554-0022, Japan; AlphaNavi Pharma Inc., Osaka, 564-0053, Japan
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Martínez AL, Brea J, López D, Cosme N, Barro M, Monroy X, Burgueño J, Merlos M, Loza MI. In vitro models for neuropathic pain phenotypic screening in brain therapeutics. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107111. [PMID: 38382648 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of brain therapeutics faces a significant challenge due to the low translatability of preclinical results into clinical success. To address this gap, several efforts have been made to obtain more translatable neuronal models for phenotypic screening. These models allow the selection of active compounds without predetermined knowledge of drug targets. In this review, we present an overview of various existing models within the field, examining their strengths and limitations, particularly in the context of neuropathic pain research. We illustrate the usefulness of these models through a comparative review in three crucial areas: i) the development of novel phenotypic screening strategies specifically for neuropathic pain, ii) the validation of the models for both primary and secondary screening assays, and iii) the use of the models in target deconvolution processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Martínez
- BioFarma Research Group, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigacións Sanitarias de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Departamento de Farmacoloxía, Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Brea
- BioFarma Research Group, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigacións Sanitarias de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Departamento de Farmacoloxía, Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D López
- BioFarma Research Group, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigacións Sanitarias de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - N Cosme
- BioFarma Research Group, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigacións Sanitarias de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Barro
- BioFarma Research Group, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigacións Sanitarias de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - X Monroy
- WeLab Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Burgueño
- WeLab Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Merlos
- WeLab Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M I Loza
- BioFarma Research Group, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigacións Sanitarias de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Departamento de Farmacoloxía, Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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7
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Ferrari S, Mulè S, Galla R, Brovero A, Genovese G, Molinari C, Uberti F. Effects of Nutraceutical Compositions Containing Rhizoma Gastrodiae or Lipoic Acid in an In Vitro Induced Neuropathic Pain Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2376. [PMID: 38397054 PMCID: PMC10889561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral neuropathy is caused by a malfunction in the axons and myelin sheaths of peripheral nerves and motor and sensory neurons. In this context, nonpharmacological treatments with antioxidant potential have attracted much attention due to the issues that some conventional pharmaceutical therapy can generate. Most of these treatments contain lipoic acid, but issues have emerged regarding its use. Considering this, the present study evaluated the beneficial effects of nutraceuticals based on Gastrodiae elata dry extract 10:1 or lipoic acid in combination with other substances (such as citicholine, B vitamins, and acetyl L-carnitine). METHOD To assess the combination's absorption and biodistribution and exclude cytotoxicity, its bioavailability was first examined in a 3D intestinal barrier model that replicated oral ingestion. Subsequently, a 3D model of nerve tissue was constructed to investigate the impacts of the new combination on the significant pathways dysregulated in peripheral neuropathy. RESULTS Our findings show that the novel combination outperformed in initial pain relief response and in recovering the mechanism of nerve healing following Schwann cell injury by successfully crossing the gut barrier and reaching the target site. CONCLUSION This article describes a potential alternative nutraceutical approach supporting the effectiveness of combinations with Gastrodiae elata extract in decreasing neuropathy and regulating pain pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ferrari
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.F.); (S.M.); (R.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Simone Mulè
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.F.); (S.M.); (R.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Rebecca Galla
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.F.); (S.M.); (R.G.); (G.G.)
- Noivita Srls, Spin-Off, Via Alfieri 3, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Arianna Brovero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università Degli Studi di Torino, 10043 Torino, Italy;
| | - Giulia Genovese
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.F.); (S.M.); (R.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Claudio Molinari
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
| | - Francesca Uberti
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.F.); (S.M.); (R.G.); (G.G.)
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8
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Gilchrist JM, Yang ND, Jiang V, Moyer BD. Pharmacologic Characterization of LTGO-33, a Selective Small Molecule Inhibitor of the Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Na V1.8 with a Unique Mechanism of Action. Mol Pharmacol 2024; 105:233-249. [PMID: 38195157 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.123.000789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Discovery and development of new molecules directed against validated pain targets is required to advance the treatment of pain disorders. Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) are responsible for action potential initiation and transmission of pain signals. NaV1.8 is specifically expressed in peripheral nociceptors and has been genetically and pharmacologically validated as a human pain target. Selective inhibition of NaV1.8 can ameliorate pain while minimizing effects on other NaV isoforms essential for cardiac, respiratory, and central nervous system physiology. Here we present the pharmacology, interaction site, and mechanism of action of LTGO-33, a novel NaV1.8 small molecule inhibitor. LTGO-33 inhibited NaV1.8 in the nM potency range and exhibited over 600-fold selectivity against human NaV1.1-NaV1.7 and NaV1.9. Unlike prior reported NaV1.8 inhibitors that preferentially interacted with an inactivated state via the pore region, LTGO-33 was state-independent with similar potencies against closed and inactivated channels. LTGO-33 displayed species specificity for primate NaV1.8 over dog and rodent NaV1.8 and inhibited action potential firing in human dorsal root ganglia neurons. Using chimeras combined with mutagenesis, the extracellular cleft of the second voltage-sensing domain was identified as the key site required for channel inhibition. Biophysical mechanism of action studies demonstrated that LTGO-33 inhibition was relieved by membrane depolarization, suggesting the molecule stabilized the deactivated state to prevent channel opening. LTGO-33 equally inhibited wild-type and multiple NaV1.8 variants associated with human pain disorders. These collective results illustrate LTGO-33 inhibition via both a novel interaction site and mechanism of action previously undescribed in NaV1.8 small molecule pharmacologic space. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: NaV1.8 sodium channels primarily expressed in peripheral pain-sensing neurons represent a validated target for the development of novel analgesics. Here we present the selective small molecule NaV1.8 inhibitor LTGO-33 that interdicts a distinct site in a voltage-sensor domain to inhibit channel opening. These results inform the development of new analgesics for pain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nien-Du Yang
- Latigo Biotherapeutics, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | | | - Bryan D Moyer
- Latigo Biotherapeutics, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
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9
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Aruljothi S, Manchanda R. A biophysically comprehensive model of urothelial afferent neurons: implications for sensory signalling in urinary bladder. J Comput Neurosci 2024; 52:21-37. [PMID: 38345739 DOI: 10.1007/s10827-024-00865-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The urothelium is the innermost layer of the bladder wall; it plays a pivotal role in bladder sensory transduction by responding to chemical and mechanical stimuli. The urothelium also acts as a physical barrier between urine and the outer layers of the bladder wall. There is intricate sensory communication between the layers of the bladder wall and the neurons that supply the bladder, which eventually translates into the regulation of mechanical activity. In response to natural stimuli, urothelial cells release substances such as ATP, nitric oxide (NO), substance P, acetylcholine (ACh), and adenosine. These act on adjacent urothelial cells, myofibroblasts, and urothelial afferent neurons (UAN), controlling the contractile activity of the bladder. There is rising evidence on the importance of urothelial sensory signalling, yet a comprehensive understanding of the functioning of the urothelium-afferent neurons and the factors that govern it remains elusive to date. Until now, the biophysical studies done on UAN have been unable to provide adequate information on the ion channel composition of the neuron, which is paramount to understanding the electrical functioning of the UAN and, by extension, afferent signalling. To this end, we have attempted to model UAN to decipher the ionic mechanisms underlying the excitability of the UAN. In contrast to previous models, our model was built and validated using morphological and biophysical properties consistent with experimental findings for the UAN. The model included all the channels thus far known to be expressed in UAN, including; voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels, N, L, T, P/Q, R-type calcium channels, large-conductance calcium-dependent potassium (BK) channels, small conductance calcium-dependent (SK) channels, Hyperpolarisation activated cation (HCN) channels, transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM8), transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV1) channel, calcium-activated chloride(CaCC) channels, and internal calcium dynamics. Our UAN model a) was constrained as far as possible by experimental data from the literature for the channels and the spiking activity, b) was validated by reproducing the experimental responses to current-clamp and voltage-clamp protocols c) was used as a base for modelling the non-urothelial afferent neurons (NUAN). Using our models, we also gained insights into the variations in ion channels between UAN and NUAN neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satchithananthi Aruljothi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rohit Manchanda
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, Maharashtra, India.
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10
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Moreira-Junior L, Leal-Cardoso JH, Cassola AC, Carvalho-de-Souza JL. State-Dependent Blockade of Dorsal Root Ganglion Voltage-Gated Na + Channels by Anethole. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1034. [PMID: 38256108 PMCID: PMC10816912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Anethole is a phenolic compound synthesized by many aromatic plants. Anethole is a substance that humans can safely consume and has been studied for years as a biologically active molecule to treat a variety of conditions, including nerve damage, gastritis, inflammation, and nociception. Anethole is thought to carry out its biological activities through direct interaction with ion channels. Anethole is beneficial for neurodegenerative Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Nevertheless, nothing has been investigated regarding the effects of anethole on voltage-gated Na+ channels (VGSCs), which are major players in neuronal function. We used cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons from neonatal rats as a source of natively expressed VGSCs for electrophysiological studies using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Our data show that anethole interacts directly with VGSCs. Anethole quickly blocks and unblocks (when removed) voltage-activated Na+ currents in this preparation in a fully reversible manner. Anethole's binding affinity to these channels increases when the inactive states of these channels are populated, similar to lidocaine's effect on the same channels. Our data show that anethole inhibits neuronal activity by blocking VGSCs in a state-dependent manner. These findings relate to the putative anesthetic activity attributable to anethole, in addition to its potential benefit in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose Henrique Leal-Cardoso
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Campus of Itaperi, Fortaleza 607402, CE, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Cassola
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508, SP, Brazil
| | - Joao Luis Carvalho-de-Souza
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508, SP, Brazil
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11
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Zurek NA, Ehsanian R, Goins AE, Adams IM, Petersen T, Goyal S, Shilling M, Westlund KN, Alles SRA. Electrophysiological analyses of human dorsal root ganglia and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived sensory neurons from male and female donors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.03.565343. [PMID: 37961669 PMCID: PMC10635102 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.03.565343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived sensory neurons (hiPSC-SNs) and human dorsal root ganglia (hDRG) neurons are popular tools in the field of pain research; however, few groups make use of both approaches. For screening and analgesic validation purposes, important characterizations can be determined of the similarities and differences between hDRG and hiPSC-SNs. This study focuses specifically on electrophysiology properties of hDRG in comparison to hiPSC-SNs. We also compared hDRG and hiPSC-SNs from both male and female donors to evaluate potential sex differences. We recorded neuronal size, rheobase, resting membrane potential, input resistance, and action potential waveform properties from 83 hiPSCs-SNs (2 donors) and 108 hDRG neurons (9 donors). We observed several statistically significant electrophysiological differences between hDRG and hiPSC-SNs, such as size, rheobase, input resistance, and several actional potential (AP) waveform properties. Correlation analysis also revealed many properties that were positively or negatively correlated, some of which were differentially correlated between hDRG and hiPSC-SNs. This study shows several differences between hDRG and hiPSC-SNs and allows better understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of both for use in pain research. We hope this study will be a valuable resource for pain researchers considering the use of these human in vitro systems for mechanistic studies and/or drug development projects.
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12
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Loose S, Lischka A, Kuehs S, Nau C, Heinemann SH, Kurth I, Leipold E. Peripheral temperature dysregulation associated with functionally altered Na V1.8 channels. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:1343-1355. [PMID: 37695396 PMCID: PMC10567936 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.8 is prominently expressed in the soma and axons of small-caliber sensory neurons, and pathogenic variants of the corresponding gene SCN10A are associated with peripheral pain and autonomic dysfunction. While most disease-associated SCN10A variants confer gain-of-function properties to NaV1.8, resulting in hyperexcitability of sensory neurons, a few affect afferent excitability through a loss-of-function mechanism. Using whole-exome sequencing, we here identify a rare heterozygous SCN10A missense variant resulting in alteration p.V1287I in NaV1.8 in a patient with a 15-year history of progressively worsening temperature dysregulation in the distal extremities, particularly in the feet. Further symptoms include increasingly intensifying tingling and numbness in the fingers and increased sweating. To assess the impact of p.V1287I on channel function, we performed voltage-clamp recordings demonstrating that the alteration confers loss- and gain-of-function characteristics to NaV1.8 characterized by a right-shifted voltage dependence of channel activation and inactivation. Current-clamp recordings from transfected mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons further revealed that NaV1.8-V1287I channels broaden the action potentials of sensory neurons and increase their firing rates in response to depolarizing current stimulations, indicating a gain-of-function mechanism of the variant at the cellular level in a heterozygous setting. The data support the hypothesis that the properties of NaV1.8 p.V1287I are causative for the patient's symptoms and that nonpainful peripheral paresthesias should be considered part of the clinical spectrum of NaV1.8-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Loose
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care & CBBM - Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Annette Lischka
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Samuel Kuehs
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care & CBBM - Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Carla Nau
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care & CBBM - Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Stefan H Heinemann
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Enrico Leipold
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care & CBBM - Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Luebeck, Germany.
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13
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Liu B, Wu W, Cui L, Zheng X, Li N, Zhang X, Duan G. A novel co-target of ACY1 governing plasma membrane translocation of SphK1 contributes to inflammatory and neuropathic pain. iScience 2023; 26:106989. [PMID: 37378314 PMCID: PMC10291574 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies validate that inhibiting sodium channel 1.8 (Nav1.8) effectively relieves inflammatory and neuropathic pain. However, Nav1.8 blockers have cardiac side effects in addition to analgesic effects. Here, we constructed a spinal differential protein expression profile using Nav1.8 knockout mice to screen common downstream proteins of Nav1.8 in inflammatory and neuropathic pain. We found that aminoacylase 1 (ACY1) expression was increased in wild-type mice compared to Nav1.8 knockout mice in both pain models. Moreover, spinal ACY1 overexpression induced mechanical allodynia in naive mice, while ACY1 suppression alleviated inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Further, ACY1 could interact with sphingosine kinase 1 and promote its membrane translocation, resulting in sphingosine-1-phosphate upregulation and the activation of glutamatergic neurons and astrocytes. In conclusion, ACY1 acts as a common downstream effector protein of Nav1.8 in inflammatory and neuropathic pain and could be a new and precise therapeutic target for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenyao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - LingLing Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan third Hospital/Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xuemei Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ningbo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangyou Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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14
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McIlvried LA, Del Rosario JS, Pullen MY, Wangzhou A, Sheahan TD, Shepherd AJ, Slivicki RA, Lemen JA, Price TJ, Copits BA, Gereau RW. Intrinsic Homeostatic Plasticity in Mouse and Human Sensory Neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.13.544829. [PMID: 37398430 PMCID: PMC10312743 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.13.544829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
In response to changes in activity induced by environmental cues, neurons in the central nervous system undergo homeostatic plasticity to sustain overall network function during abrupt changes in synaptic strengths. Homeostatic plasticity involves changes in synaptic scaling and regulation of intrinsic excitability. Increases in spontaneous firing and excitability of sensory neurons are evident in some forms of chronic pain in animal models and human patients. However, whether mechanisms of homeostatic plasticity are engaged in sensory neurons under normal conditions or altered after chronic pain is unknown. Here, we showed that sustained depolarization induced by 30mM KCl induces a compensatory decrease in the excitability in mouse and human sensory neurons. Moreover, voltage-gated sodium currents are robustly reduced in mouse sensory neurons contributing to the overall decrease in neuronal excitability. Decreased efficacy of these homeostatic mechanisms could potentially contribute to the development of the pathophysiology of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. McIlvried
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, 63110; USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - John Smith Del Rosario
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, 63110; USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Melanie Y. Pullen
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, 63110; USA
| | - Andi Wangzhou
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies; The University of Texas at Dallas; Dallas, TX, 75080; USA
| | - Tayler D. Sheahan
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, 63110; USA
| | - Andrew J. Shepherd
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, 63110; USA
| | - Richard A. Slivicki
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, 63110; USA
| | | | - Theodore J. Price
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies; The University of Texas at Dallas; Dallas, TX, 75080; USA
| | - Bryan A. Copits
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, 63110; USA
| | - Robert W. Gereau
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, 63110; USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Engineering; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, 63110; USA
- Lead contact
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15
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Li Y, Uhelski ML, North RY, Mwirigi JM, Tatsui CE, Cata JP, Corrales G, Price TJ, Dougherty PM. MNK inhibitor eFT508 (Tomivosertib) suppresses ectopic activity in human dorsal root ganglion neurons from dermatomes with radicular neuropathic pain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.13.544811. [PMID: 37398249 PMCID: PMC10312735 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.13.544811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous activity in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons is a key driver of neuropathic pain in preclinical models and in patients suffering from this largely untreated disease. While many intracellular signaling mechanisms have been examined in preclinical models that drive this spontaneous activity (SA), none of these have been tested directly on spontaneously active human nociceptors. Using cultured DRG neurons recovered during thoracic vertebrectomy surgeries, we show that inhibition of mitogen activated protein kinase interacting kinase (MNK) with eFT508 (25 nM) reverses SA in human sensory neurons associated with painful dermatomes. MNK inhibition in spontaneously active nociceptors decreased action potential amplitude and produced alterations in the magnitude of afterhyperpolarizing currents suggesting modification of Na+ and K+ channel activity downstream of MNK inhibition. The effects of MNK inhibition on SA took minutes to emerge and were reversible over time with eFT508 washout. MNK inhibition with eFT508 led to a profound loss of eIF4E Serine 209 phosphorylation, a specific target of the kinase, within 2 min of drug treatment, consistent with the rapid action of the drug on SA in electrophysiology experiments. Our results create a compelling case for the future testing of MNK inhibitors in clinical trials for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA, 77030
| | - Megan L. Uhelski
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA, 77030
| | - Robert Y. North
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA, 77030
| | - Juliet M. Mwirigi
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, Texas, 75080
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, Texas, 75080
| | - Claudio E. Tatsui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA, 77030
| | - Juan P. Cata
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA, 77030
| | - German Corrales
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA, 77030
| | - Theodore J. Price
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, Texas, 75080
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, Texas, 75080
| | - Patrick M. Dougherty
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA, 77030
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16
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Kim G, Kim H, Jang IS. Trichloroethanol, an active metabolite of chloral hydrate, modulates tetrodotoxin-resistant Na + channels in rat nociceptive neurons. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:145. [PMID: 37120567 PMCID: PMC10148498 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chloral hydrate is a sedative-hypnotic drug widely used for relieving fear and anxiety in pediatric patients. However, mechanisms underlying the chloral hydrate-mediated analgesic action remain unexplored. Therefore, we investigated the effect of 2',2',2'-trichloroethanol (TCE), the active metabolite of chloral hydrate, on tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) Na+ channels expressed in nociceptive sensory neurons. METHODS The TTX-R Na+ current (INa) was recorded from acutely isolated rat trigeminal ganglion neurons using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. RESULTS Trichloroethanol decreased the peak amplitude of transient TTX-R INa in a concentration-dependent manner and potently inhibited persistent components of transient TTX-R INa and slow voltage-ramp-induced INa at clinically relevant concentrations. Trichloroethanol exerted multiple effects on various properties of TTX-R Na+ channels; it (1) induced a hyperpolarizing shift on the steady-state fast inactivation relationship, (2) increased use-dependent inhibition, (3) accelerated the onset of inactivation, and (4) retarded the recovery of inactivated TTX-R Na+ channels. Under current-clamp conditions, TCE increased the threshold for the generation of action potentials, as well as decreased the number of action potentials elicited by depolarizing current stimuli. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that chloral hydrate, through its active metabolite TCE, inhibits TTX-R INa and modulates various properties of these channels, resulting in the decreased excitability of nociceptive neurons. These pharmacological characteristics provide novel insights into the analgesic efficacy exerted by chloral hydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gimin Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Sung Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea.
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Ghovanloo MR, Tyagi S, Zhao P, Kiziltug E, Estacion M, Dib-Hajj SD, Waxman SG. High-throughput combined voltage-clamp/current-clamp analysis of freshly isolated neurons. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100385. [PMID: 36814833 PMCID: PMC9939380 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The patch-clamp technique is the gold-standard methodology for analysis of excitable cells. However, throughput of manual patch-clamp is slow, and high-throughput robotic patch-clamp, while helpful for applications like drug screening, has been primarily used to study channels and receptors expressed in heterologous systems. We introduce an approach for automated high-throughput patch-clamping that enhances analysis of excitable cells at the channel and cellular levels. This involves dissociating and isolating neurons from intact tissues and patch-clamping using a robotic instrument, followed by using an open-source Python script for analysis and filtration. As a proof of concept, we apply this approach to investigate the biophysical properties of voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, which are among the most diverse and complex neuronal cells. Our approach enables voltage- and current-clamp recordings in the same cell, allowing unbiased, fast, simultaneous, and head-to-head electrophysiological recordings from a wide range of freshly isolated neurons without requiring culturing on coverslips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Reza Ghovanloo
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Neuro-Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sidharth Tyagi
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Neuro-Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Neuro-Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emre Kiziltug
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark Estacion
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Neuro-Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sulayman D. Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Neuro-Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen G. Waxman
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Neuro-Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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18
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Röderer P, Belu A, Heidrich L, Siobal M, Isensee J, Prolingheuer J, Janocha E, Valdor M, Hagendorf S, Bahrenberg G, Opitz T, Segschneider M, Haupt S, Nitzsche A, Brüstle O, Hucho T. Emergence of nociceptive functionality and opioid signaling in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived sensory neurons. Pain 2023:00006396-990000000-00249. [PMID: 36727909 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have enabled the generation of various difficult-to-access cell types such as human nociceptors. A key challenge associated with human iPSC-derived nociceptors (hiPSCdNs) is their prolonged functional maturation. While numerous studies have addressed the expression of classic neuronal markers and ion channels in hiPSCdNs, the temporal development of key signaling cascades regulating nociceptor activity has remained largely unexplored. In this study, we used an immunocytochemical high-content imaging approach alongside electrophysiological staging to assess metabotropic and ionotropic signaling of large scale-generated hiPSCdNs across 70 days of in vitro differentiation. During this period, the resting membrane potential became more hyperpolarized, while rheobase, action potential peak amplitude, and membrane capacitance increased. After 70 days, hiPSCdNs exhibited robust physiological responses induced by GABA, pH shift, ATP, and capsaicin. Direct activation of protein kinase A type II (PKA-II) through adenylyl cyclase stimulation with forskolin resulted in PKA-II activation at all time points. Depolarization-induced activation of PKA-II emerged after 35 days of differentiation. However, effective inhibition of forskolin-induced PKA-II activation by opioid receptor agonists required 70 days of in vitro differentiation. Our results identify a pronounced time difference between early expression of functionally important ion channels and emergence of regulatory metabotropic sensitizing and desensitizing signaling only at advanced stages of in vitro cultivation, suggesting an independent regulation of ionotropic and metabotropic signaling. These data are relevant for devising future studies into the development and regulation of human nociceptor function and for defining time windows suitable for hiPSCdN-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Röderer
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn
- LIFE & BRAIN GmbH, Cellomics Unit, Bonn, Germany, Germany
| | - Andreea Belu
- Translational Pain Research, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Luzia Heidrich
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn
- LIFE & BRAIN GmbH, Cellomics Unit, Bonn, Germany, Germany
| | - Maike Siobal
- Translational Pain Research, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Isensee
- Translational Pain Research, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jonathan Prolingheuer
- Translational Pain Research, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Thoralf Opitz
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michaela Segschneider
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn
| | - Simone Haupt
- LIFE & BRAIN GmbH, Cellomics Unit, Bonn, Germany, Germany
| | - Anja Nitzsche
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn
- LIFE & BRAIN GmbH, Cellomics Unit, Bonn, Germany, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn
- LIFE & BRAIN GmbH, Cellomics Unit, Bonn, Germany, Germany
| | - Tim Hucho
- Translational Pain Research, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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19
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Alsaloum M, Labau JIR, Liu S, Effraim PR, Waxman SG. Stem cell-derived sensory neurons modelling inherited erythromelalgia: normalization of excitability. Brain 2023; 146:359-371. [PMID: 35088838 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective treatment of pain remains an unmet healthcare need that requires new and effective therapeutic approaches. NaV1.7 has been genetically and functionally validated as a mediator of pain. Preclinical studies of NaV1.7-selective blockers have shown limited success and translation to clinical studies has been limited. The degree of NaV1.7 channel blockade necessary to attenuate neuronal excitability and ameliorate pain is an unanswered question important for drug discovery. Here, we utilize dynamic clamp electrophysiology and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived sensory neurons (iPSC-SNs) to answer this question for inherited erythromelalgia, a pain disorder caused by gain-of-function mutations in Nav1.7. We show that dynamic clamp can produce hyperexcitability in iPSC-SNs associated with two different inherited erythromelalgia mutations, NaV1.7-S241T and NaV1.7-I848T. We further show that blockade of approximately 50% of NaV1.7 currents can reverse neuronal hyperexcitability to baseline levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Alsaloum
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.,Center for Rehabilitation Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.,Yale Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Julie I R Labau
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.,Center for Rehabilitation Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment (KEMTA), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Shujun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.,Center for Rehabilitation Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Philip R Effraim
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.,Center for Rehabilitation Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.,Center for Rehabilitation Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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20
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Baker CA, Tyagi S, Higerd-Rusli GP, Liu S, Zhao P, Dib-Hajj FB, Waxman SG, Dib-Hajj SD. Paclitaxel effects on axonal localization and vesicular trafficking of Na V1.8. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1130123. [PMID: 36860665 PMCID: PMC9970094 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1130123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients treated with paclitaxel (PTX) or other antineoplastic agents can experience chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a debilitating side effect characterized by numbness and pain. PTX interferes with microtubule-based transport, which inhibits tumor growth via cell cycle arrest but can also affect other cellular functions including trafficking of ion channels critical to transduction of stimuli by sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). We examined the effects of PTX on voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.8, which is preferentially expressed in DRG neurons, using a microfluidic chamber culture system and chemigenetic labeling to observe anterograde channel transport to the endings of DRG axons in real time. PTX treatment increased the numbers of NaV1.8-containing vesicles traversing the axons. Vesicles in PTX-treated cells exhibited greater average velocity, along with shorter and less frequent pauses along their trajectories. These events were paralleled by greater surface accumulation of NaV1.8 channels at the distal ends of DRG axons. These results were consistent with observations that NaV1.8 is trafficked in the same vesicles containing NaV1.7 channels, which are also involved in pain syndromes in humans and are similarly affected by PTX treatment. However, unlike Nav1.7, we did not detect increased NaV1.8 current density measured at the neuronal soma, suggesting a differential effect of PTX on trafficking of NaV1.8 in soma versus axonal compartments. Therapeutic targeting of axonal vesicular traffic would affect both Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 channels and increase the possibilities of alleviating pain associated with CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Baker
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sidharth Tyagi
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
- MD/PhD Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Grant P. Higerd-Rusli
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
- MD/PhD Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Shujun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Fadia B. Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Stephen G. Waxman
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
- *Correspondence: Stephen G. Waxman, ; Sulayman D. Dib-Hajj,
| | - Sulayman D. Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
- *Correspondence: Stephen G. Waxman, ; Sulayman D. Dib-Hajj,
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21
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Labau JIR, Andelic M, Faber CG, Waxman SG, Lauria G, Dib-Hajj SD. Recent advances for using human induced-pluripotent stem cells as pain-in-a-dish models of neuropathic pain. Exp Neurol 2022; 358:114223. [PMID: 36100046 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is amongst the most common non-communicable disorders and the poor effectiveness of current treatment is an unmet need. Although pain is a universal experience, there are significant inter-individual phenotypic differences. Developing models that can accurately recapitulate the clinical pain features is crucial to better understand underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and find innovative treatments. Current data from heterologous expression systems that investigate properties of specific molecules involved in pain signaling, and from animal models, show limited success with their translation into the development of novel treatments for pain. This is in part because they do not recapitulate the native environment in which a particular molecule functions, and due to species-specific differences in the properties of several key molecules that are involved in pain signaling. The limited availability of post-mortem tissue, in particular dorsal root ganglia (DRG), has hampered research using human cells in pre-clinical studies. Human induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as an exciting alternative platform to study patient-specific diseases. Sensory neurons that are derived from iPSCs (iPSC-SNs) have provided new avenues towards elucidating peripheral pathophysiological mechanisms, the potential for development of personalized treatments, and as a cell-based system for high-throughput screening for discovering novel analgesics. Nevertheless, reprogramming and differentiation protocols to obtain nociceptors have mostly yielded immature homogenous cell populations that do not recapitulate the heterogeneity of native sensory neurons. To close the gap between native human tissue and iPSCs, alternative strategies have been developed. We will review here recent developments in differentiating iPSC-SNs and their use in pre-clinical translational studies. Direct conversion of stem cells into the cells of interest has provided a more cost- and time-saving method to improve reproducibility and diversity of sensory cell types. Furthermore, multi-cellular strategies that mimic in vivo microenvironments for cell maturation, by improving cell contact and communication (co-cultures), reproducing the organ complexity and architecture (three-dimensional organoid), and providing iPSCs with the full spatiotemporal context and nutrients needed for acquiring a mature phenotype (xenotransplantation), have led to functional sensory neuron-like systems. Finally, this review touches on novel prospective strategies, including fluorescent-tracking to select the differentiated neurons of relevance, and dynamic clamp, an electrophysiological method that allows direct manipulation of ionic conductances that are missing in iPSC-SNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie I R Labau
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Toxicogenomics, Clinical Genomics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mirna Andelic
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Neuroalgology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Catharina G Faber
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Giuseppe Lauria
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Sulayman D Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.
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22
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Smulders PSH, van Zuylen ML, Hermanides J, Hollmann MW, Ten Hoope W, Weber NC. Investigating Peripheral Regional Anesthesia Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology: Exploring Novel Terrain. Anesth Analg 2022; 135:659-662. [PMID: 35977370 PMCID: PMC9359775 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal S H Smulders
- From the Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands and
| | - Mark L van Zuylen
- From the Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands and
| | - Jeroen Hermanides
- From the Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands and
| | - Markus W Hollmann
- From the Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands and
| | - Werner Ten Hoope
- From the Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands and.,Department of Anesthesiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | - Nina C Weber
- From the Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands and
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23
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North RY, Odem MA, Li Y, Tatsui CE, Cassidy RM, Dougherty PM, Walters ET. Electrophysiological Alterations Driving Pain-Associated Spontaneous Activity in Human Sensory Neuron Somata Parallel Alterations Described in Spontaneously Active Rodent Nociceptors. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2022; 23:1343-1357. [PMID: 35292377 PMCID: PMC9357108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain in rodents can be driven by ectopic spontaneous activity (SA) generated by sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). The recent demonstration that SA in dissociated human DRG neurons is associated with reported neuropathic pain in patients enables a detailed comparison of pain-linked electrophysiological alterations driving SA in human DRG neurons to alterations that distinguish SA in nociceptors from SA in low-threshold mechanoreceptors (LTMRs) in rodent neuropathy models. Analysis of recordings from dissociated somata of patient-derived DRG neurons showed that SA and corresponding pain in both sexes were significantly associated with the three functional electrophysiological alterations sufficient to generate SA in the absence of extrinsic depolarizing inputs. These include enhancement of depolarizing spontaneous fluctuations of membrane potential (DSFs), which were analyzed quantitatively for the first time in human DRG neurons. The functional alterations were indistinguishable from SA-driving alterations reported for nociceptors in rodent chronic pain models. Irregular, low-frequency DSFs in human DRG neurons closely resemble DSFs described in rodent nociceptors while differing substantially from the high-frequency sinusoidal oscillations described in rodent LTMRs. These findings suggest that conserved physiological mechanisms of SA in human nociceptor somata can drive neuropathic pain despite documented cellular differences between human and rodent DRG neurons. PERSPECTIVE: Electrophysiological alterations in human sensory neurons associated with patient-reported neuropathic pain include all three of the functional alterations that logically can promote spontaneous activity. The similarity of distinctively altered spontaneous depolarizations in human DRG neurons and rodent nociceptors suggests that spontaneously active human nociceptors can persistently promote neuropathic pain in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Y North
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Max A Odem
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Claudio Esteves Tatsui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ryan M Cassidy
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick M Dougherty
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Edgar T Walters
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas..
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24
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Elleman AV, Du Bois J. Chemical and Biological Tools for the Study of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels in Electrogenesis and Nociception. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100625. [PMID: 35315190 PMCID: PMC9359671 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The malfunction and misregulation of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV s) underlie in large part the electrical hyperexcitability characteristic of chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain. NaV s are responsible for the initiation and propagation of electrical impulses (action potentials) in cells. Tissue and nerve injury alter the expression and localization of multiple NaV isoforms, including NaV 1.1, 1.3, and 1.6-1.9, resulting in aberrant action potential firing patterns. To better understand the role of NaV regulation, localization, and trafficking in electrogenesis and pain pathogenesis, a number of chemical and biological reagents for interrogating NaV function have been advanced. The development and application of such tools for understanding NaV physiology are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Elleman
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J Du Bois
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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25
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Contribution of tetrodotoxin-resistant persistent Na + currents to the excitability of C-type dural afferent neurons in rats. J Headache Pain 2022; 23:73. [PMID: 35764917 PMCID: PMC9238149 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-022-01443-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence supports the important role of persistent sodium currents (INaP) in the neuronal excitability of various central neurons. However, the role of tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) Na+ channel-mediated INaP in the neuronal excitability of nociceptive neurons remains poorly understood. METHODS We investigated the functional role of TTX-R INaP in the excitability of C-type nociceptive dural afferent neurons, which was identified using a fluorescent dye, 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchloride (DiI), and a whole-cell patch-clamp technique. RESULTS TTX-R INaP were found in most DiI-positive neurons, but their density was proportional to neuronal size. Although the voltage dependence of TTX-R Na+ channels did not differ among DiI-positive neurons, the extent of the onset of slow inactivation, recovery from inactivation, and use-dependent inhibition of these channels was highly correlated with neuronal size and, to a great extent, the density of TTX-R INaP. In the presence of TTX, treatment with a specific INaP inhibitor, riluzole, substantially decreased the number of action potentials generated by depolarizing current injection, suggesting that TTX-R INaP are related to the excitability of dural afferent neurons. In animals treated chronically with inflammatory mediators, the density of TTX-R INaP was significantly increased, and it was difficult to inactivate TTX-R Na+ channels. CONCLUSIONS TTX-R INaP apparently contributes to the differential properties of TTX-R Na+ channels and neuronal excitability. Consequently, the selective modulation of TTX-R INaP could be, at least in part, a new approach for the treatment of migraine headaches.
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26
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Tang SN, Walter BA, Heimann MK, Gantt CC, Khan SN, Kokiko-Cochran ON, Askwith CC, Purmessur D. In vivo Mouse Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Models and Their Utility as Translational Models of Clinical Discogenic Back Pain: A Comparative Review. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:894651. [PMID: 35812017 PMCID: PMC9261914 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.894651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide and studies have demonstrated intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration as a major risk factor. While many in vitro models have been developed and used to study IVD pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies, the etiology of IVD degeneration is a complex multifactorial process involving crosstalk of nearby tissues and systemic effects. Thus, the use of appropriate in vivo models is necessary to fully understand the associated molecular, structural, and functional changes and how they relate to pain. Mouse models have been widely adopted due to accessibility and ease of genetic manipulation compared to other animal models. Despite their small size, mice lumbar discs demonstrate significant similarities to the human IVD in terms of geometry, structure, and mechanical properties. While several different mouse models of IVD degeneration exist, greater standardization of the methods for inducing degeneration and the development of a consistent set of output measurements could allow mouse models to become a stronger tool for clinical translation. This article reviews current mouse models of IVD degeneration in the context of clinical translation and highlights a critical set of output measurements for studying disease pathology or screening regenerative therapies with an emphasis on pain phenotyping. First, we summarized and categorized these models into genetic, age-related, and mechanically induced. Then, the outcome parameters assessed in these models are compared including, molecular, cellular, functional/structural, and pain assessments for both evoked and spontaneous pain. These comparisons highlight a set of potential key parameters that can be used to validate the model and inform its utility to screen potential therapies for IVD degeneration and their translation to the human condition. As treatment of symptomatic pain is important, this review provides an emphasis on critical pain-like behavior assessments in mice and explores current behavioral assessments relevant to discogenic back pain. Overall, the specific research question was determined to be essential to identify the relevant model with histological staining, imaging, extracellular matrix composition, mechanics, and pain as critical parameters for assessing degeneration and regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley N. Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Benjamin A. Walter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mary K. Heimann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Connor C. Gantt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Safdar N. Khan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Olga N. Kokiko-Cochran
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Neurological Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Candice C. Askwith
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Devina Purmessur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Devina Purmessur ;
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27
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Innovations and advances in modelling and measuring pain in animals. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:70-85. [PMID: 34837072 PMCID: PMC9098196 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Best practices in preclinical algesiometry (pain behaviour testing) have shifted over the past decade as a result of technological advancements, the continued dearth of translational progress and the emphasis that funding institutions and journals have placed on rigour and reproducibility. Here we describe the changing trends in research methods by analysing the methods reported in preclinical pain publications from the past 40 years, with a focus on the last 5 years. We also discuss how the status quo may be hampering translational success. This discussion is centred on four fundamental decisions that apply to every pain behaviour experiment: choice of subject (model organism), choice of assay (pain-inducing injury), laboratory environment and choice of outcome measures. Finally, we discuss how human tissues, which are increasingly accessible, can be used to validate the translatability of targets and mechanisms identified in animal pain models.
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28
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Alsaloum M, Waxman SG. iPSCs and DRGs: stepping stones to new pain therapies. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:110-122. [PMID: 34933815 PMCID: PMC8810720 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
There is a pressing need for more effective nonaddictive treatment options for pain. Pain signals are transmitted from the periphery into the spinal cord via dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, whose excitability is driven by voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels. Three NaV channels (NaV1.7, NaV1.8, and NaV1.9), preferentially expressed in DRG neurons, play important roles in pain signaling in humans. Blockade of these channels may provide a novel approach to the treatment of pain, but clinical translation of preclinical results has been challenging, in part due to differences between rodent and human DRG neurons. Human DRG neurons and iPSC-derived sensory neurons (iPSC-SNs) provide new preclinical platforms that may facilitate the development of novel pain therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Alsaloum
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA; Center for Rehabilitation Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Yale Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA; Center for Rehabilitation Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
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29
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Contributions of Na V1.8 and Na V1.9 to excitability in human induced pluripotent stem-cell derived somatosensory neurons. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24283. [PMID: 34930944 PMCID: PMC8688473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels in somatosensory neurons presents a promising novel modality for the treatment of pain. However, the precise contribution of these channels to neuronal excitability, the cellular correlate of pain, is unknown; previous studies using genetic knockout models or pharmacologic block of NaV channels have identified general roles for distinct sodium channel isoforms, but have never quantified their exact contributions to these processes. To address this deficit, we have utilized dynamic clamp electrophysiology to precisely tune in varying levels of NaV1.8 and NaV1.9 currents into induced pluripotent stem cell-derived sensory neurons (iPSC-SNs), allowing us to quantify how graded changes in these currents affect different parameters of neuronal excitability and electrogenesis. We quantify and report direct relationships between NaV1.8 current density and action potential half-width, overshoot, and repetitive firing. We additionally quantify the effect varying NaV1.9 current densities have on neuronal membrane potential and rheobase. Furthermore, we examined the simultaneous interplay between NaV1.8 and NaV1.9 on neuronal excitability. Finally, we show that minor biophysical changes in the gating of NaV1.8 can render human iPSC-SNs hyperexcitable, in a first-of-its-kind investigation of a gain-of-function NaV1.8 mutation in a human neuronal background.
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30
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Nevin ST, Lawrence N, Nicke A, Lewis RJ, Adams DJ. Functional modulation of the human voltage-gated sodium channel Na V1.8 by auxiliary β subunits. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:79-93. [PMID: 33315536 PMCID: PMC7781643 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2020.1860399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.8 mediates the tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) Na+ current in nociceptive primary sensory neurons, which has an important role in the transmission of painful stimuli. Here, we describe the functional modulation of the human Nav1.8 α-subunit in Xenopus oocytes by auxiliary β subunits. We found that the β3 subunit down-regulated the maximal Na+ current amplitude and decelerated recovery from inactivation of hNav1.8, whereas the β1 and β2 subunits had no such effects. The specific regulation of Nav1.8 by the β3 subunit constitutes a potential novel regulatory mechanism of the TTX-R Na+ current in primary sensory neurons with potential implications in chronic pain states. In particular, neuropathic pain states are characterized by a down-regulation of Nav1.8 accompanied by increased expression of the β3 subunit. Our results suggest that these two phenomena may be correlated, and that increased levels of the β3 subunit may directly contribute to the down-regulation of Nav1.8. To determine which domain of the β3 subunit is responsible for the specific regulation of hNav1.8, we created chimeras of the β1 and β3 subunits and co-expressed them with the hNav1.8 α-subunit in Xenopus oocytes. The intracellular domain of the β3 subunit was shown to be responsible for the down-regulation of maximal Nav1.8 current amplitudes. In contrast, the extracellular domain mediated the effect of the β3 subunit on hNav1.8 recovery kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. T. Nevin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - N. Lawrence
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A. Nicke
- School of Biomedical Sciences and the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - R. J. Lewis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D. J. Adams
- School of Biomedical Sciences and the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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31
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Chrysostomidou L, Cooper AH, Weir GA. Cellular models of pain: New technologies and their potential to progress preclinical research. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2021; 10:100063. [PMID: 34977426 PMCID: PMC8683679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2021.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Human sensory neurons can reduce the translational gap in analgesic development. Access to dorsal root ganglion (hDRG) neurons is increasing. Diverse sensory neuron subtypes can now be generated via stem cell technology. Advances of these technologies will improve our understanding of human nociception.
In vitro models fill a vital niche in preclinical pain research, allowing detailed study of molecular pathways, and in the case of humanised systems, providing a translational bridge between in vivo animal models and human patients. Significant advances in cellular technology available to basic pain researchers have occurred in the last decade, including developing protocols to differentiate sensory neuron-like cells from stem cells and greater access to human dorsal root ganglion tissue. In this review, we discuss the use of both models in preclinical pain research: What can a human sensory neuron in a dish tell us that rodent in vivo models cannot? How similar are these models to their endogenous counterparts, and how should we judge them? What limitations do we need to consider? How can we leverage cell models to improve translational success? In vitro human sensory neuron models equip pain researchers with a valuable tool to investigate human nociception. With continual development, consideration for their advantages and limitations, and effective integration with other experimental strategies, they could become a driving force for the pain field's advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Chrysostomidou
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew H Cooper
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Greg A Weir
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Middleton SJ, Barry AM, Comini M, Li Y, Ray PR, Shiers S, Themistocleous AC, Uhelski ML, Yang X, Dougherty PM, Price TJ, Bennett DL. Studying human nociceptors: from fundamentals to clinic. Brain 2021; 144:1312-1335. [PMID: 34128530 PMCID: PMC8219361 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain affects one in five of the general population and is the third most important cause of disability-adjusted life-years globally. Unfortunately, treatment remains inadequate due to poor efficacy and tolerability. There has been a failure in translating promising preclinical drug targets into clinic use. This reflects challenges across the whole drug development pathway, from preclinical models to trial design. Nociceptors remain an attractive therapeutic target: their sensitization makes an important contribution to many chronic pain states, they are located outside the blood-brain barrier, and they are relatively specific. The past decade has seen significant advances in the techniques available to study human nociceptors, including: the use of corneal confocal microscopy and biopsy samples to observe nociceptor morphology, the culture of human nociceptors (either from surgical or post-mortem tissue or using human induced pluripotent stem cell derived nociceptors), the application of high throughput technologies such as transcriptomics, the in vitro and in vivo electrophysiological characterization through microneurography, and the correlation with pain percepts provided by quantitative sensory testing. Genome editing in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived nociceptors enables the interrogation of the causal role of genes in the regulation of nociceptor function. Both human and rodent nociceptors are more heterogeneous at a molecular level than previously appreciated, and while we find that there are broad similarities between human and rodent nociceptors there are also important differences involving ion channel function, expression, and cellular excitability. These technological advances have emphasized the maladaptive plastic changes occurring in human nociceptors following injury that contribute to chronic pain. Studying human nociceptors has revealed new therapeutic targets for the suppression of chronic pain and enhanced repair. Cellular models of human nociceptors have enabled the screening of small molecule and gene therapy approaches on nociceptor function, and in some cases have enabled correlation with clinical outcomes. Undoubtedly, challenges remain. Many of these techniques are difficult to implement at scale, current induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation protocols do not generate the full diversity of nociceptor populations, and we still have a relatively poor understanding of inter-individual variation in nociceptors due to factors such as age, sex, or ethnicity. We hope our ability to directly investigate human nociceptors will not only aid our understanding of the fundamental neurobiology underlying acute and chronic pain but also help bridge the translational gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Middleton
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Allison M Barry
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Maddalena Comini
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pradipta R Ray
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Stephanie Shiers
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Andreas C Themistocleous
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Megan L Uhelski
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xun Yang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Patrick M Dougherty
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Theodore J Price
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - David L Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Hadtstein F, Vrolijk M. Vitamin B-6-Induced Neuropathy: Exploring the Mechanisms of Pyridoxine Toxicity. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1911-1929. [PMID: 33912895 PMCID: PMC8483950 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B-6 in the form of pyridoxine (PN) is commonly used by the general population. The use of PN-containing supplements has gained lots of attention over the past years as they have been related to the development of peripheral neuropathy. In light of this, the number of reported cases of adverse health effects due to the use of vitamin B-6 have increased. Despite a long history of study, the pathogenic mechanisms associated with PN toxicity remain elusive. Therefore, the present review is focused on investigating the mechanistic link between PN supplementation and sensory peripheral neuropathy. Excessive PN intake induces neuropathy through the preferential injury of sensory neurons. Recent reports on hereditary neuropathy due to pyridoxal kinase (PDXK) mutations may provide some insight into the mechanism, as genetic deficiencies in PDXK lead to the development of axonal sensory neuropathy. High circulating concentrations of PN may lead to a similar condition via the inhibition of PDXK. The mechanism behind PDXK-induced neuropathy is unknown; however, there is reason to believe that it may be related to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission. Compounds that inhibit PDXK lead to convulsions and reductions in GABA biosynthesis. The absence of central nervous system-related symptoms in PDXK deficiency could be due to differences in the regulation of PDXK, where PDXK activity is preserved in the brain but not in peripheral tissues. As PN is relatively impermeable to the blood-brain barrier, PDXK inhibition would similarly be confined to the peripheries and, as a result, GABA signaling may be perturbed within peripheral tissues, such as sensory neurons. Perturbed GABA signaling within sensory neurons may lead to excitotoxicity, neurodegeneration, and ultimately, the development of peripheral neuropathy. For several reasons, we conclude that PDXK inhibition and consequently disrupted GABA neurotransmission is the most plausible mechanism of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hadtstein
- University College Venlo, Campus Venlo, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Single cell transcriptomics of primate sensory neurons identifies cell types associated with chronic pain. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1510. [PMID: 33686078 PMCID: PMC7940623 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinct types of dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons may have unique contributions to chronic pain. Identification of primate sensory neuron types is critical for understanding the cellular origin and heritability of chronic pain. However, molecular insights into the primate sensory neurons are missing. Here we classify non-human primate dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons based on their transcriptome and map human pain heritability to neuronal types. First, we identified cell correlates between two major datasets for mouse sensory neuron types. Machine learning exposes an overall cross-species conservation of somatosensory neurons between primate and mouse, although with differences at individual gene level, highlighting the importance of primate data for clinical translation. We map genomic loci associated with chronic pain in human onto primate sensory neuron types to identify the cellular origin of chronic pain. Genome-wide associations for chronic pain converge on two different neuronal types distributed between pain disorders that display different genetic susceptibilities, suggesting both unique and shared mechanisms between different pain conditions. The contribution of distinct types of dorsal root ganglion neurons to chronic pain is unclear. Here, the authors molecularly profile non-human primate sensory neurons and show that genome-wide associations converge on two neuronal types with different genetic susceptibilities for chronic pain.
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Schutte SC, Kadakia F, Davidson S. Skin-Nerve Co-Culture Systems for Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:89-99. [PMID: 33349133 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prominent clinical problems related to the skin-nerve interface include barrier dysfunction and erythema, but it is the symptoms of pain and itch that most often lead patients to seek medical treatment. Tissue-engineered innervated skin models provide an excellent solution for studying the mechanisms underlying neurocutaneous disorders for drug screening, and cutaneous device development. Innervated skin substitutes provide solutions beyond traditional monolayer cultures and have advantages that make them preferable to in vivo animal studies for certain applications, such as measuring somatosensory transduction. The tissue-engineered innervated skin models replicate the complex stratified epidermis that provides barrier function in native skin, a feature that is lacking in monolayer co-cultures, while allowing for a level of detail in measurement of nerve morphology and function that cannot be achieved in animal models. In this review, the advantages and disadvantages of different cell sources and scaffold materials will be discussed and a presentation of the current state of the field is reviewed. Impact statement A review of the current state of innervated skin substitutes and the considerations that need to be addressed when developing these models. Tissue-engineered skin substitutes are customizable and provide barrier function allowing for screening of topical drugs and for studying nerve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey C Schutte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Feni Kadakia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Steve Davidson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Hulme AJ, McArthur JR, Maksour S, Miellet S, Ooi L, Adams DJ, Finol-Urdaneta RK, Dottori M. Molecular and Functional Characterization of Neurogenin-2 Induced Human Sensory Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:600895. [PMID: 33362470 PMCID: PMC7761588 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.600895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory perception is fundamental to everyday life, yet understanding of human sensory physiology at the molecular level is hindered due to constraints on tissue availability. Emerging strategies to study and characterize peripheral neuropathies in vitro involve the use of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) differentiated into dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons. However, neuronal functionality and maturity are limited and underexplored. A recent and promising approach for directing hPSC differentiation towards functionally mature neurons involves the exogenous expression of Neurogenin-2 (NGN2). The optimized protocol described here generates sensory neurons from hPSC-derived neural crest (NC) progenitors through virally induced NGN2 expression. NC cells were derived from hPSCs via a small molecule inhibitor approach and enriched for migrating NC cells (66% SOX10+ cells). At the protein and transcript level, the resulting NGN2 induced sensory neurons (NGN2iSNs) express sensory neuron markers such as BRN3A (82% BRN3A+ cells), ISLET1 (91% ISLET1+ cells), TRKA, TRKB, and TRKC. Importantly, NGN2iSNs repetitively fire action potentials (APs) supported by voltage-gated sodium, potassium, and calcium conductances. In-depth analysis of the molecular basis of NGN2iSN excitability revealed functional expression of ion channels associated with the excitability of primary afferent neurons, such as Nav1.7, Nav1.8, Kv1.2, Kv2.1, BK, Cav2.1, Cav2.2, Cav3.2, ASICs and HCN among other ion channels, for which we provide functional and transcriptional evidence. Our characterization of stem cell-derived sensory neurons sheds light on the molecular basis of human sensory physiology and highlights the suitability of using hPSC-derived sensory neurons for modeling human DRG development and their potential in the study of human peripheral neuropathies and drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Hulme
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeffrey R McArthur
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Maksour
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Sara Miellet
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - David J Adams
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Rocio K Finol-Urdaneta
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Mirella Dottori
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Furgała-Wojas A, Kowalska M, Nowaczyk A, Fijałkowski Ł, Sałat K. Comparison of Bromhexine and its Active Metabolite - Ambroxol as Potential Analgesics Reducing Oxaliplatin-induced Neuropathic Pain - Pharmacodynamic and Molecular Docking Studies. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:548-561. [PMID: 32651960 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200711155632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Painful peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting adverse effect of the antitumor drug oxaliplatin. The main symptoms of neuropathy: tactile allodynia and cold hyperalgesia, appear in more than 80% of patients on oxaliplatin therapy and are due to the overexpression of neuronal sodium channels (Navs) and neuroinflammation. OBJECTIVE This study assessed antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic properties of two repurposed drugs with antiinflammatory and Nav-blocking properties (bromhexine and its pharmacologically active metabolite - ambroxol) in a mouse model of neuropathic pain induced by oxaliplatin. Using molecular docking techniques, we predicted targets implicated in the observed in vivo activity of bromhexine. METHODS Oxaliplatin (a single intraperitoneal dose of 10 mg/kg) induced tactile allodynia and cold hyperalgesia in CD-1 mice and the effectiveness of single-dose or repeated-dose bromhexine and ambroxol to attenuate pain hypersensitivity was assessed in von Frey and cold plate tests. Additionally, Veber analysis and molecular docking experiments of bromhexine on mouse (m) and human (h) Nav1.6-1.9 were carried out. RESULTS At the corresponding doses, ambroxol was more effective than bromhexine as an antiallodynic agent. However, at the dose of 150 mg/kg, ambroxol induced motor impairments in mice. Repeated-dose bromhexine and ambroxol partially attenuated the development of late-phase tactile allodynia in oxaliplatin-treated mice. Only 7-day administration of bromhexine attenuated the development of late-phase cold hyperalgesia. Bromhexine was predicted to be a strong inhibitor of mNav1.6, mNav1.7, mNav1.9, and hNav1.7-hNav1.9. CONCLUSION The conversion of bromhexine to other than ambroxol active metabolites should be considered when interpreting some of its in vivo effects. Nav-blocking properties of bromhexine (and previously also predicted for ambroxol) might underlie its ability to attenuate pain caused by oxaliplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Furgała-Wojas
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kowalska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 2 dr. A. Jurasza St., 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alicja Nowaczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 2 dr. A. Jurasza St., 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Fijałkowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 2 dr. A. Jurasza St., 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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Toffano AA, Chiarot G, Zamuner S, Marchi M, Salvi E, Waxman SG, Faber CG, Lauria G, Giacometti A, Simeoni M. Computational pipeline to probe NaV1.7 gain-of-function variants in neuropathic painful syndromes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17930. [PMID: 33087732 PMCID: PMC7578092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Applications of machine learning and graph theory techniques to neuroscience have witnessed an increased interest in the last decade due to the large data availability and unprecedented technology developments. Their employment to investigate the effect of mutational changes in genes encoding for proteins modulating the membrane of excitable cells, whose biological correlates are assessed at electrophysiological level, could provide useful predictive clues. We apply this concept to the analysis of variants in sodium channel NaV1.7 subunit found in patients with chronic painful syndromes, by the implementation of a dedicated computational pipeline empowering different and complementary techniques including homology modeling, network theory, and machine learning. By testing three templates of different origin and sequence identities, we provide an optimal condition for its use. Our findings reveal the usefulness of our computational pipeline in supporting the selection of candidates for cell electrophysiology assay and with potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto A Toffano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Universitá Ca' Foscari Venezia, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Giacomo Chiarot
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Universitá Ca' Foscari Venezia, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Stefano Zamuner
- Laboratory of Statistical Biophysics, Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Ècole Polytechnique Fèdèrale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Margherita Marchi
- Neuroalgology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Salvi
- Neuroalgology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale Medical School, West Haven, USA
| | - Catharina G Faber
- MHeNs school for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Lauria
- Neuroalgology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Achille Giacometti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Universitá Ca' Foscari Venezia, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.,European Centre for Living Technology (ECLT), Venice, Italy
| | - Marta Simeoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Universitá Ca' Foscari Venezia, Venezia-Mestre, Italy. .,European Centre for Living Technology (ECLT), Venice, Italy.
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McMahon KL, Tay B, Deuis JR, Tanaka BS, Peigneur S, Jin AH, Tytgat J, Waxman SG, Dib-Hajj SD, Vetter I, Schroeder CI. Pharmacological activity and NMR solution structure of the leech peptide HSTX-I. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 181:114082. [PMID: 32524995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The role of voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels in pain perception is indisputable. Of particular interest as targets for the development of pain therapeutics are the tetrodotoxin-resistant isoforms NaV1.8 and NaV1.9, based on animal as well as human genetic studies linking these ion channel subtypes to the pathogenesis of pain. However, only a limited number of inhibitors selectively targeting these channels have been reported. HSTX-I is a peptide toxin identified from saliva of the leech Haemadipsa sylvestris. The native 23-residue peptide, stabilised by two disulfide bonds, has been reported to inhibit rat NaV1.8 and mouse NaV1.9 with low micromolar activity, and may therefore represent a scaffold for development of novel modulators with activity at human tetrodotoxin-resistant NaV isoforms. We synthetically produced this hydrophobic peptide in high yield using a one-pot oxidation and single step purification and determined the three-dimensional solution structure of HSTX-I using NMR solution spectroscopy. However, in our hands, the synthetic HSTX-I displayed only very modest activity at human NaV1.8 and NaV1.9, and lacked analgesic efficacy in a murine model of inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten L McMahon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Bryan Tay
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Deuis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Brian S Tanaka
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ai-Hua Jin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sulayman D Dib-Hajj
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Irina Vetter
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4103, Australia.
| | - Christina I Schroeder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, United States.
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Suleimanova A, Talanov M, Gafurov O, Gafarov F, Koroleva K, Virenque A, Noe FM, Mikhailov N, Nistri A, Giniatullin R. Modeling a Nociceptive Neuro-Immune Synapse Activated by ATP and 5-HT in Meninges: Novel Clues on Transduction of Chemical Signals Into Persistent or Rhythmic Neuronal Firing. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:135. [PMID: 32508598 PMCID: PMC7248338 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP and serotonin (5-HT) are powerful triggers of nociceptive firing in the meninges, a process supporting headache and whose cellular mechanisms are incompletely understood. The current study aimed to develop, with the neurosimulator NEURON, a novel approach to explore in silico the molecular determinants of the long-lasting, pulsatile nature of migraine attacks. The present model included ATP and 5-HT release, ATP diffusion and hydrolysis, 5-HT uptake, differential activation of ATP P2X or 5-HT3 receptors, and receptor subtype-specific desensitization. The model also tested the role of branched meningeal fibers with multiple release sites. Spike generation and propagation were simulated using variable contribution by potassium and sodium channels in a multi-compartment fiber environment. Multiple factors appeared important to ensure prolonged nociceptive firing potentially relevant to long-lasting pain. Crucial roles were observed in: (i) co-expression of ATP P2X2 and P2X3 receptor subunits; (ii) intrinsic activation/inactivation properties of sodium Nav1.8 channels; and (iii) temporal and spatial distribution of ATP/5-HT release sites along the branches of trigeminal nerve fibers. Based on these factors we could obtain either persistent activation of nociceptive firing or its periodic bursting mimicking the pulsating nature of pain. In summary, our model proposes a novel tool for the exploration of peripheral nociception to test the contribution of clinically relevant factors to headache including migraine pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max Talanov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Oleg Gafurov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Fail' Gafarov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ksenia Koroleva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Anaïs Virenque
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Nikita Mikhailov
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Andrea Nistri
- Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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The role of Nav1.7 in human nociceptors: insights from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived sensory neurons of erythromelalgia patients. Pain 2020; 160:1327-1341. [PMID: 30720580 PMCID: PMC6554007 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Human sodium channel NaV1.7 in induced pluripotent stem cell–derived sensory neurons sets the action potential threshold but does not support subthreshold depolarizations. The chronic pain syndrome inherited erythromelalgia (IEM) is attributed to mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV) 1.7. Still, recent studies targeting NaV1.7 in clinical trials have provided conflicting results. Here, we differentiated induced pluripotent stem cells from IEM patients with the NaV1.7/I848T mutation into sensory nociceptors. Action potentials in these IEM nociceptors displayed a decreased firing threshold, an enhanced upstroke, and afterhyperpolarization, all of which may explain the increased pain experienced by patients. Subsequently, we investigated the voltage dependence of the tetrodotoxin-sensitive NaV activation in these human sensory neurons using a specific prepulse voltage protocol. The IEM mutation induced a hyperpolarizing shift of NaV activation, which leads to activation of NaV1.7 at more negative potentials. Our results indicate that NaV1.7 is not active during subthreshold depolarizations, but that its activity defines the action potential threshold and contributes significantly to the action potential upstroke. Thus, our model system with induced pluripotent stem cell–derived sensory neurons provides a new rationale for NaV1.7 function and promises to be valuable as a translational tool to profile and develop more efficacious clinical analgesics.
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Dexpramipexole blocks Nav1.8 sodium channels and provides analgesia in multiple nociceptive and neuropathic pain models. Pain 2019; 161:831-841. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
The poor translational record of pain research has suggested to some observers that species differences in pain biology might be to blame. In this review, I consider the evidence for species similarity and differences in the pain research literature. Impressive feats of translation have been demonstrated in relation to certain genetic effects, social modulation of pain and pain memory. The degree to which pain biology in rodents predicts pain biology in humans has important implications both for evolutionary accounts of pain, but also the success of analgesic drug development going forward. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Evolution of mechanisms and behaviour important for pain'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Mogil
- Departments of Psychology and Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1B1
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Ma RSY, Kayani K, Whyte-Oshodi D, Whyte-Oshodi A, Nachiappan N, Gnanarajah S, Mohammed R. Voltage gated sodium channels as therapeutic targets for chronic pain. J Pain Res 2019; 12:2709-2722. [PMID: 31564962 PMCID: PMC6743634 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s207610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Being maladaptive and frequently unresponsive to pharmacotherapy, chronic pain presents a major unmet clinical need. While an intact central nervous system is required for conscious pain perception, nociceptor hyperexcitability induced by nerve injury in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is sufficient and necessary to initiate and maintain neuropathic pain. The genesis and propagation of action potentials is dependent on voltage-gated sodium channels, in particular, Nav1.7, Nav1.8 and Nav1.9. However, nerve injury triggers changes in their distribution, expression and/or biophysical properties, leading to aberrant excitability. Most existing treatment for pain relief acts through non-selective, state-dependent sodium channel blockage and have narrow therapeutic windows. Natural toxins and developing subtype-specific and molecular-specific sodium channel blockers show promise for treatment of neuropathic pain with minimal side effects. New approaches to analgesia include combination therapy and gene therapy. Here, we review how individual sodium channel subtypes contribute to pain, and the attempts made to develop more effective analgesics for the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Siu Yu Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kayani Kayani
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Raihan Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Jonas R, Namer B, Schnakenberg M, Soares S, Pakalniskis J, Carr R, Schmelz M, Rukwied R. Sympathetic efferent neurons are less sensitive than nociceptors to 4 Hz sinusoidal stimulation. Eur J Pain 2019; 24:122-133. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Jonas
- Department Experimental Pain Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Barbara Namer
- Department Experimental Pain Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Department Physiology I Friedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Mark Schnakenberg
- Department Experimental Pain Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sabrina Soares
- Department Experimental Pain Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Julius Pakalniskis
- Department Experimental Pain Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Richard Carr
- Department Experimental Pain Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Martin Schmelz
- Department Experimental Pain Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Roman Rukwied
- Department Experimental Pain Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
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Bisphenol A Regulates Sodium Ramp Currents in Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons and Increases Nociception. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10306. [PMID: 31312012 PMCID: PMC6635372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46769-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
17β-Estradiol mediates the sensitivity to pain and is involved in sex differences in nociception. The widespread environmental disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA) has estrogenic activity, but its implications in pain are mostly unknown. Here we show that treatment of male mice with BPA (50 µg/kg/day) during 8 days, decreases the latency to pain behavior in response to heat, suggesting increased pain sensitivity. We demonstrate that incubation of dissociated dorsal root ganglia (DRG) nociceptors with 1 nM BPA increases the frequency of action potential firing. SCN9A encodes the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7, which is present in DRG nociceptors and is essential in pain signaling. Nav1.7 and other voltage-gated sodium channels in mouse DRG are considered threshold channels because they produce ramp currents, amplifying small depolarizations and enhancing electrical activity. BPA increased Nav-mediated ramp currents elicited with slow depolarizations. Experiments using pharmacological tools as well as DRG from ERβ−/− mice indicate that this BPA effect involves ERα and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. The mRNA expression and biophysical properties other than ramp currents of Nav channels, were unchanged by BPA. Our data suggest that BPA at environmentally relevant doses affects the ability to detect noxious stimuli and therefore should be considered when studying the etiology of pain conditions.
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Abstract
Acute pain is adaptive, but chronic pain is a global challenge. Many chronic pain syndromes are peripheral in origin and reflect hyperactivity of peripheral pain-signaling neurons. Current treatments are ineffective or only partially effective and in some cases can be addictive, underscoring the need for better therapies. Molecular genetic studies have now linked multiple human pain disorders to voltage-gated sodium channels, including disorders characterized by insensitivity or reduced sensitivity to pain and others characterized by exaggerated pain in response to normally innocuous stimuli. Here, we review recent developments that have enhanced our understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms in human pain and advances in targeting sodium channels in peripheral neurons for the treatment of pain using novel and existing sodium channel blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulayman D Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA; .,Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs, Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA; .,Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs, Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA
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Haberberger RV, Barry C, Dominguez N, Matusica D. Human Dorsal Root Ganglia. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:271. [PMID: 31293388 PMCID: PMC6598622 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory neurons with cell bodies situated in dorsal root ganglia convey information from external or internal sites of the body such as actual or potential harm, temperature or muscle length to the central nervous system. In recent years, large investigative efforts have worked toward an understanding of different types of DRG neurons at transcriptional, translational, and functional levels. These studies most commonly rely on data obtained from laboratory animals. Human DRG, however, have received far less investigative focus over the last 30 years. Nevertheless, knowledge about human sensory neurons is critical for a translational research approach and future therapeutic development. This review aims to summarize both historical and emerging information about the size and location of human DRG, and highlight advances in the understanding of the neurochemical characteristics of human DRG neurons, in particular nociceptive neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Viktor Haberberger
- Pain and Pulmonary Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Neuroscience, Anatomy and Histology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Órama Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christine Barry
- Pain and Pulmonary Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Neuroscience, Anatomy and Histology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nicholas Dominguez
- Pain and Pulmonary Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Neuroscience, Anatomy and Histology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dusan Matusica
- Pain and Pulmonary Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Neuroscience, Anatomy and Histology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Órama Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Bennett DL, Clark AJ, Huang J, Waxman SG, Dib-Hajj SD. The Role of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels in Pain Signaling. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1079-1151. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00052.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pain signaling has a key protective role and is highly evolutionarily conserved. Chronic pain, however, is maladaptive, occurring as a consequence of injury and disease, and is associated with sensitization of the somatosensory nervous system. Primary sensory neurons are involved in both of these processes, and the recent advances in understanding sensory transduction and human genetics are the focus of this review. Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are important determinants of sensory neuron excitability: they are essential for the initial transduction of sensory stimuli, the electrogenesis of the action potential, and neurotransmitter release from sensory neuron terminals. Nav1.1, Nav1.6, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 are all expressed by adult sensory neurons. The biophysical characteristics of these channels, as well as their unique expression patterns within subtypes of sensory neurons, define their functional role in pain signaling. Changes in the expression of VGSCs, as well as posttranslational modifications, contribute to the sensitization of sensory neurons in chronic pain states. Furthermore, gene variants in Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 have now been linked to human Mendelian pain disorders and more recently to common pain disorders such as small-fiber neuropathy. Chronic pain affects one in five of the general population. Given the poor efficacy of current analgesics, the selective expression of particular VGSCs in sensory neurons makes these attractive targets for drug discovery. The increasing availability of gene sequencing, combined with structural modeling and electrophysiological analysis of gene variants, also provides the opportunity to better target existing therapies in a personalized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alex J. Clark
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jianying Huang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stephen G. Waxman
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sulayman D. Dib-Hajj
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
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50
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Zhang F, Zhang C, Xu X, Zhang Y, Gong X, Yang Z, Zhang H, Tang D, Liang S, Liu Z. Naja atra venom peptide reduces pain by selectively blocking the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.8. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7324-7334. [PMID: 30804211 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.8 is preferentially expressed in peripheral nociceptive neurons and contributes to inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Therefore, Nav1.8 has emerged as one of the most promising analgesic targets for pain relief. Using large-scale screening of various animal-derived toxins and venoms for Nav1.8 inhibitors, here we identified μ-EPTX-Na1a, a 62-residue three-finger peptide from the venom of the Chinese cobra (Naja atra), as a potent inhibitor of Nav1.8, exhibiting high selectivity over other voltage-gated sodium channel subtypes. Using whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings, we observed that purified μ-EPTX-Na1a blocked the Nav1.8 current. This blockade was associated with a depolarizing shift of activation and repolarizing shift of inactivation, a mechanism distinct from that of any other gating modifier toxin identified to date. In rodent models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, μ-EPTX-Na1a alleviated nociceptive behaviors more potently than did morphine, indicating that μ-EPTX-Na1a has a potent analgesic effect. μ-EPTX-Na1a displayed no evident cytotoxicity and cardiotoxicity and produced no obvious adverse responses in mice even at a dose 30-fold higher than that producing a significant analgesic effect. Our study establishes μ-EPTX-Na1a as a promising lead for the development of Nav1.8-targeting analgesics to manage pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- From The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan, China
| | - Changxin Zhang
- From The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan, China
| | - Xunxun Xu
- From The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan, China
| | - Yunxiao Zhang
- From The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan, China
| | - Xue Gong
- From The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan, China
| | - Zuqin Yang
- From The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- From The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan, China
| | - Dongfang Tang
- From The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan, China
| | - Songping Liang
- From The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- From The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan, China
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