1
|
McMullin MA, Kumar R, Higgins NC, Gygi B, Elhilali M, Snyder JS. Preliminary Evidence for Global Properties in Human Listeners During Natural Auditory Scene Perception. Open Mind (Camb) 2024; 8:333-365. [PMID: 38571530 PMCID: PMC10990578 DOI: 10.1162/opmi_a_00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Theories of auditory and visual scene analysis suggest the perception of scenes relies on the identification and segregation of objects within it, resembling a detail-oriented processing style. However, a more global process may occur while analyzing scenes, which has been evidenced in the visual domain. It is our understanding that a similar line of research has not been explored in the auditory domain; therefore, we evaluated the contributions of high-level global and low-level acoustic information to auditory scene perception. An additional aim was to increase the field's ecological validity by using and making available a new collection of high-quality auditory scenes. Participants rated scenes on 8 global properties (e.g., open vs. enclosed) and an acoustic analysis evaluated which low-level features predicted the ratings. We submitted the acoustic measures and average ratings of the global properties to separate exploratory factor analyses (EFAs). The EFA of the acoustic measures revealed a seven-factor structure explaining 57% of the variance in the data, while the EFA of the global property measures revealed a two-factor structure explaining 64% of the variance in the data. Regression analyses revealed each global property was predicted by at least one acoustic variable (R2 = 0.33-0.87). These findings were extended using deep neural network models where we examined correlations between human ratings of global properties and deep embeddings of two computational models: an object-based model and a scene-based model. The results support that participants' ratings are more strongly explained by a global analysis of the scene setting, though the relationship between scene perception and auditory perception is multifaceted, with differing correlation patterns evident between the two models. Taken together, our results provide evidence for the ability to perceive auditory scenes from a global perspective. Some of the acoustic measures predicted ratings of global scene perception, suggesting representations of auditory objects may be transformed through many stages of processing in the ventral auditory stream, similar to what has been proposed in the ventral visual stream. These findings and the open availability of our scene collection will make future studies on perception, attention, and memory for natural auditory scenes possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nathan C. Higgins
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brian Gygi
- East Bay Institute for Research and Education, Martinez, CA, USA
| | - Mounya Elhilali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joel S. Snyder
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu X, Shi L, Li E, Jia S. Associations of hearing loss and structural changes in specific cortical regions: a Mendelian randomization study. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae084. [PMID: 38494888 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have suggested a correlation between hearing loss (HL) and cortical alterations, but the specific brain regions that may be affected are unknown. METHODS Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for 3 subtypes of HL phenotypes, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), conductive hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss, were selected as exposures, and GWAS data for brain structure-related traits were selected as outcomes. The inverse variance weighted method was used as the main estimation method. RESULTS Negative associations were identified between genetically predicted SNHL and brain morphometric indicators (cortical surface area, cortical thickness, or volume of subcortical structures) in specific brain regions, including the bankssts (β = -0.006 mm, P = 0.016), entorhinal cortex (β = -4.856 mm2, P = 0.029), and hippocampus (β = -24.819 cm3, P = 0.045), as well as in brain regions functionally associated with visual perception, including the pericalcarine (β = -10.009 cm3, P = 0.013). CONCLUSION Adaptive changes and functional remodeling of brain structures occur in patients with genetically predicted HL. Brain regions functionally associated with auditory perception, visual perception, and memory function are the main brain regions vulnerable in HL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoduo Liu
- Department of Neurology & Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Lubo Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Enze Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shuo Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ahveninen J, Uluç I, Raij T, Nummenmaa A, Mamashli F. Spectrotemporal content of human auditory working memory represented in functional connectivity patterns. Commun Biol 2023; 6:294. [PMID: 36941477 PMCID: PMC10027691 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research suggests that working memory (WM), the mental sketchpad underlying thinking and communication, is maintained by multiple regions throughout the brain. Whether parts of a stable WM representation could be distributed across these brain regions is, however, an open question. We addressed this question by examining the content-specificity of connectivity-pattern matrices between subparts of cortical regions-of-interest (ROI). These connectivity patterns were calculated from functional MRI obtained during a ripple-sound auditory WM task. Statistical significance was assessed by comparing the decoding results to a null distribution derived from a permutation test considering all comparable two- to four-ROI connectivity patterns. Maintained WM items could be decoded from connectivity patterns across ROIs in frontal, parietal, and superior temporal cortices. All functional connectivity patterns that were specific to maintained sound content extended from early auditory to frontoparietal cortices. Our results demonstrate that WM maintenance is supported by content-specific patterns of functional connectivity across different levels of cortical hierarchy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyrki Ahveninen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Işıl Uluç
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tommi Raij
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aapo Nummenmaa
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fahimeh Mamashli
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dasgupta S, Hattori D, Navlakha S. A neural theory for counting memories. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5961. [PMID: 36217003 PMCID: PMC9551066 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33577-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Keeping track of the number of times different stimuli have been experienced is a critical computation for behavior. Here, we propose a theoretical two-layer neural circuit that stores counts of stimulus occurrence frequencies. This circuit implements a data structure, called a count sketch, that is commonly used in computer science to maintain item frequencies in streaming data. Our first model implements a count sketch using Hebbian synapses and outputs stimulus-specific frequencies. Our second model uses anti-Hebbian plasticity and only tracks frequencies within four count categories ("1-2-3-many"), which trades-off the number of categories that need to be distinguished with the potential ethological value of those categories. We show how both models can robustly track stimulus occurrence frequencies, thus expanding the traditional novelty-familiarity memory axis from binary to discrete with more than two possible values. Finally, we show that an implementation of the "1-2-3-many" count sketch exists in the insect mushroom body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Dasgupta
- Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Daisuke Hattori
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Saket Navlakha
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mamashli F, Khan S, Hämäläinen M, Jas M, Raij T, Stufflebeam SM, Nummenmaa A, Ahveninen J. Synchronization patterns reveal neuronal coding of working memory content. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109566. [PMID: 34433024 PMCID: PMC8428113 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal oscillations are suggested to play an important role in auditory working memory (WM), but their contribution to content-specific representations has remained unclear. Here, we measure magnetoencephalography during a retro-cueing task with parametric ripple-sound stimuli, which are spectrotemporally similar to speech but resist non-auditory memory strategies. Using machine learning analyses, with rigorous between-subject cross-validation and non-parametric permutation testing, we show that memorized sound content is strongly represented in phase-synchronization patterns between subregions of auditory and frontoparietal cortices. These phase-synchronization patterns predict the memorized sound content steadily across the studied maintenance period. In addition to connectivity-based representations, there are indices of more local, “activity silent” representations in auditory cortices, where the decoding accuracy of WM content significantly increases after task-irrelevant “impulse stimuli.” Our results demonstrate that synchronization patterns across auditory sensory and association areas orchestrate neuronal coding of auditory WM content. This connectivity-based coding scheme could also extend beyond the auditory domain. Mamashli et al. use machine learning analyses of human magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings to study “working memory,” maintenance of information in mind over brief periods of time. Their results show that the human brain maintains working memory content in transient functional connectivity patterns across sensory and association areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Mamashli
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Bldg. 149 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sheraz Khan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Bldg. 149 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matti Hämäläinen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Bldg. 149 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mainak Jas
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Bldg. 149 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tommi Raij
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Bldg. 149 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Neurobiology, Northwestern University, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Steven M Stufflebeam
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Bldg. 149 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aapo Nummenmaa
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Bldg. 149 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jyrki Ahveninen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Bldg. 149 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Burton JA, Valero MD, Hackett TA, Ramachandran R. The use of nonhuman primates in studies of noise injury and treatment. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 146:3770. [PMID: 31795680 PMCID: PMC6881191 DOI: 10.1121/1.5132709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to prolonged or high intensity noise increases the risk for permanent hearing impairment. Over several decades, researchers characterized the nature of harmful noise exposures and worked to establish guidelines for effective protection. Recent laboratory studies, primarily conducted in rodent models, indicate that the auditory system may be more vulnerable to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) than previously thought, driving renewed inquiries into the harmful effects of noise in humans. To bridge the translational gaps between rodents and humans, nonhuman primates (NHPs) may serve as key animal models. The phylogenetic proximity of NHPs to humans underlies tremendous similarity in many features of the auditory system (genomic, anatomical, physiological, behavioral), all of which are important considerations in the assessment and treatment of NIHL. This review summarizes the literature pertaining to NHPs as models of hearing and noise-induced hearing loss, discusses factors relevant to the translation of diagnostics and therapeutics from animals to humans, and concludes with some of the practical considerations involved in conducting NHP research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Burton
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Michelle D Valero
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories at Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Troy A Hackett
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Ramnarayan Ramachandran
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Teichert T, Gurnsey K. Formation and decay of auditory short-term memory in the macaque monkey. J Neurophysiol 2019; 121:2401-2415. [PMID: 31017849 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00821.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Echoic memory (EM) is a short-lived, precategorical, and passive form of auditory short-term memory (STM). A key hallmark of EM is its rapid exponential decay with a time constant between 1 and 2 s. It is not clear whether auditory STM in the rhesus, an important model system, shares this rapid exponential decay. To resolve this shortcoming, two rhesus macaques were trained to perform a delayed frequency discrimination task. Discriminability of delayed tones was measured as a function of retention duration and the number of times the standard had been repeated before the target. Like in the human, our results show a rapid decline of discriminability with retention duration. In addition, the results suggest a gradual strengthening of discriminability with repetition number. Model-based analyses suggest the presence of two components of auditory STM: a short-lived component with a time constant on the order of 550 ms that most likely corresponds to EM and a more stable memory trace with time constants on the order of 10 s that strengthens with repetition and most likely corresponds to auditory recognition memory. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first detailed quantification of the rapid temporal dynamics of auditory short-term memory in the rhesus. Much of the auditory information in short-term memory is lost within the first couple of seconds. Repeated presentations of a tone strengthen its encoding into short-term memory. Model-based analyses suggest two distinct components: an echoic memory homolog that mediates the rapid decay and a more stable but less detail-rich component that mediates strengthening of the trace with repetition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Teichert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kate Gurnsey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu J, Tao J, Liu W, Huang J, Xue X, Li M, Yang M, Zhu J, Lang C, Park J, Tu Y, Wilson G, Chen L, Kong J. Different modulation effects of Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin on resting-state functional connectivity of the default mode network in older adults. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 14:217-224. [PMID: 30690554 PMCID: PMC6374601 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) plays an important role in age-related cognitive decline. This study aims to explore the modulation effect of two mind-body interventions (Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin) on DMN in elderly individuals. Participants between 50 and 70 years old were recruited and randomized into a Tai Chi Chuan, Baduanjin or control group. The Wechsler Memory Scale-Chinese Revision and resting-state fMRI scans were administered at baseline and following 12 weeks of exercise. Seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) was calculated. We found that (i) compared to the Baduanjin group, Tai Chi Chuan was significantly associated with increased rsFC between the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and right putamen/caudate and (ii) compared to the control group, Tai Chi Chuan increased posterior cingulate cortex rsFC with the right putamen/caudate, while Baduanjin decreased rsFC between the mPFC and orbital prefrontal gyrus/putamen. Baseline mPFC rsFC with orbital prefrontal gyrus was negatively correlated with visual reproduction subscore. These results suggest that both Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin can modulate the DMN, but through different pathways. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying different mind-body interventions may shed light on the development of new methods to prevent age-related diseases as well as other disorders associated with disrupted DMN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- Fujian Rehabilitation Tech Co-innovation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jing Tao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weilin Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiehua Xue
- Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ming Li
- Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mingge Yang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jingfang Zhu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Courtney Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Joel Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yiheng Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Georgia Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Lidian Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jian Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vanneste S, To WT, De Ridder D. Tinnitus and neuropathic pain share a common neural substrate in the form of specific brain connectivity and microstate profiles. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 88:388-400. [PMID: 30142355 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tinnitus and neuropathic pain share similar pathophysiological, clinical, and treatment characteristics. In this EEG study, a group of tinnitus (n = 100) and neuropathic pain (n = 100) patients are compared to each other and to a healthy control group (n = 100). Spectral analysis demonstrates gamma band activity within the primary auditory and somatosensory cortices in patients with tinnitus and neuropathic pain, respectively. A conjunction analysis further demonstrates an overlap of tinnitus and pain related activity in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex as well as in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in comparison to healthy controls. Further analysis reveals that similar states characterize tinnitus and neuropathic pain patients, two of which differ from the healthy group and two of which are shared. Both pain and tinnitus patients spend half of the time in one specific microstate. Seed-based functional connectivity with the source within the predominant microstate shows delta, alpha1, and gamma lagged phase synchronization overlap with multiple brain areas between pain and tinnitus. These data suggest that auditory and somatosensory phantom perceptions share an overlapping brain network with common activation and connectivity patterns and are differentiated by specific sensory cortex gamma activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Vanneste
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA.
| | - Wing Ting To
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA
| | - Dirk De Ridder
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Córcoles-Parada M, Ubero-Martínez M, Morris RGM, Insausti R, Mishkin M, Muñoz-López M. Frontal and Insular Input to the Dorsolateral Temporal Pole in Primates: Implications for Auditory Memory. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1099. [PMID: 31780878 PMCID: PMC6861303 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The temporal pole (TP) has been involved in multiple functions from emotional and social behavior, semantic processing, memory, language in humans and epilepsy surgery, to the fronto-temporal neurodegenerative disorder (semantic) dementia. However, the role of the TP subdivisions is still unclear, in part due to the lack of quantitative data about TP connectivity. This study focuses in the dorsolateral subdivision of the TP: area 38DL. Area 38DL main input originates in the auditory processing areas of the rostral superior temporal gyrus. Among other connections, area 38DL conveys this auditory highly processed information to the entorhinal, rostral perirhinal, and posterior parahippocampal cortices, presumably for storage in long-term memory (Muñoz-López et al., 2015). However, the connections of the TP with cortical areas beyond the temporal cortex suggest that this area is part of a wider network. With the aim to quantitatively determine the topographical, laminar pattern and weighting of the lateral TP afferents from the frontal and insular cortices, we placed a total of 11 tracer injections of the fluorescent retrograde neuronal tracers Fast Blue and Diamidino Yellow at different levels of the lateral TP in rhesus monkeys. The results showed that circa 50% of the total cortical input to area 38DL originates in medial frontal areas 14, 25, 32, and 24 (25%); orbitofrontal areas Pro and PAll (15%); and the agranular, parainsular and disgranular insula (10%). This study sets the anatomical bases to better understand the function of the dorsolateral division of the TP. More specifically, these results suggest that area 38DL forms part of the wider limbic circuit that might contribute, among other functions, with an auditory component to multimodal memory processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Córcoles-Parada
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Mar Ubero-Martínez
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Department of Anatomy, Catholic University, Murcia, Spain
| | - Richard G M Morris
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Insausti
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Mortimer Mishkin
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, ML, United States
| | - Mónica Muñoz-López
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, ML, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Scott BH, Leccese PA, Saleem KS, Kikuchi Y, Mullarkey MP, Fukushima M, Mishkin M, Saunders RC. Intrinsic Connections of the Core Auditory Cortical Regions and Rostral Supratemporal Plane in the Macaque Monkey. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:809-840. [PMID: 26620266 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the ventral stream of the primate auditory cortex, cortico-cortical projections emanate from the primary auditory cortex (AI) along 2 principal axes: one mediolateral, the other caudorostral. Connections in the mediolateral direction from core, to belt, to parabelt, have been well described, but less is known about the flow of information along the supratemporal plane (STP) in the caudorostral dimension. Neuroanatomical tracers were injected throughout the caudorostral extent of the auditory core and rostral STP by direct visualization of the cortical surface. Auditory cortical areas were distinguished by SMI-32 immunostaining for neurofilament, in addition to established cytoarchitectonic criteria. The results describe a pathway comprising step-wise projections from AI through the rostral and rostrotemporal fields of the core (R and RT), continuing to the recently identified rostrotemporal polar field (RTp) and the dorsal temporal pole. Each area was strongly and reciprocally connected with the areas immediately caudal and rostral to it, though deviations from strictly serial connectivity were observed. In RTp, inputs converged from core, belt, parabelt, and the auditory thalamus, as well as higher order cortical regions. The results support a rostrally directed flow of auditory information with complex and recurrent connections, similar to the ventral stream of macaque visual cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Scott
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIMH/NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul A Leccese
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIMH/NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kadharbatcha S Saleem
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIMH/NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yukiko Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIMH/NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Present address: Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Matthew P Mullarkey
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIMH/NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Makoto Fukushima
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIMH/NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mortimer Mishkin
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIMH/NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard C Saunders
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIMH/NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Scott BH, Saleem KS, Kikuchi Y, Fukushima M, Mishkin M, Saunders RC. Thalamic connections of the core auditory cortex and rostral supratemporal plane in the macaque monkey. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:3488-3513. [PMID: 28685822 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the primate auditory cortex, information flows serially in the mediolateral dimension from core, to belt, to parabelt. In the caudorostral dimension, stepwise serial projections convey information through the primary, rostral, and rostrotemporal (AI, R, and RT) core areas on the supratemporal plane, continuing to the rostrotemporal polar area (RTp) and adjacent auditory-related areas of the rostral superior temporal gyrus (STGr) and temporal pole. In addition to this cascade of corticocortical connections, the auditory cortex receives parallel thalamocortical projections from the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN). Previous studies have examined the projections from MGN to auditory cortex, but most have focused on the caudal core areas AI and R. In this study, we investigated the full extent of connections between MGN and AI, R, RT, RTp, and STGr using retrograde and anterograde anatomical tracers. Both AI and R received nearly 90% of their thalamic inputs from the ventral subdivision of the MGN (MGv; the primary/lemniscal auditory pathway). By contrast, RT received only ∼45% from MGv, and an equal share from the dorsal subdivision (MGd). Area RTp received ∼25% of its inputs from MGv, but received additional inputs from multisensory areas outside the MGN (30% in RTp vs. 1-5% in core areas). The MGN input to RTp distinguished this rostral extension of auditory cortex from the adjacent auditory-related cortex of the STGr, which received 80% of its thalamic input from multisensory nuclei (primarily medial pulvinar). Anterograde tracers identified complementary descending connections by which highly processed auditory information may modulate thalamocortical inputs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Scott
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIMH/NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kadharbatcha S Saleem
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIMH/NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yukiko Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIMH/NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Makoto Fukushima
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIMH/NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mortimer Mishkin
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIMH/NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Richard C Saunders
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIMH/NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Leavitt ML, Mendoza-Halliday D, Martinez-Trujillo JC. Sustained Activity Encoding Working Memories: Not Fully Distributed. Trends Neurosci 2017; 40:328-346. [PMID: 28515011 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is the ability to remember and manipulate information for short time intervals. Recent studies have proposed that sustained firing encoding the contents of WM is ubiquitous across cortical neurons. We review here the collective evidence supporting this claim. A variety of studies report that neurons in prefrontal, parietal, and inferotemporal association cortices show robust sustained activity encoding the location and features of memoranda during WM tasks. However, reports of WM-related sustained activity in early sensory areas are rare, and typically lack stimulus specificity. We propose that robust sustained activity that can support WM coding arises as a property of association cortices downstream from the early stages of sensory processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Leavitt
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Diego Mendoza-Halliday
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Julio C Martinez-Trujillo
- Robarts Research Institute, Brain and Mind Institute, Department of Psychiatry, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang Y, Matysiak A, Heil P, König R, Brosch M. Persistent neural activity in auditory cortex is related to auditory working memory in humans and nonhuman primates. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27438411 PMCID: PMC4974052 DOI: 10.7554/elife.15441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory is the cognitive capacity of short-term storage of information for goal-directed behaviors. Where and how this capacity is implemented in the brain are unresolved questions. We show that auditory cortex stores information by persistent changes of neural activity. We separated activity related to working memory from activity related to other mental processes by having humans and monkeys perform different tasks with varying working memory demands on the same sound sequences. Working memory was reflected in the spiking activity of individual neurons in auditory cortex and in the activity of neuronal populations, that is, in local field potentials and magnetic fields. Our results provide direct support for the idea that temporary storage of information recruits the same brain areas that also process the information. Because similar activity was observed in the two species, the cellular bases of some auditory working memory processes in humans can be studied in monkeys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Special Lab Primate Neurobiology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Artur Matysiak
- Special Lab Non-Invasive Brain Imaging, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Heil
- Department Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard König
- Special Lab Non-Invasive Brain Imaging, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Brosch
- Special Lab Primate Neurobiology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Plakke B, Romanski LM. Neural circuits in auditory and audiovisual memory. Brain Res 2016; 1640:278-88. [PMID: 26656069 PMCID: PMC4868791 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Working memory is the ability to employ recently seen or heard stimuli and apply them to changing cognitive context. Although much is known about language processing and visual working memory, the neurobiological basis of auditory working memory is less clear. Historically, part of the problem has been the difficulty in obtaining a robust animal model to study auditory short-term memory. In recent years there has been neurophysiological and lesion studies indicating a cortical network involving both temporal and frontal cortices. Studies specifically targeting the role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in auditory working memory have suggested that dorsal and ventral prefrontal regions perform different roles during the processing of auditory mnemonic information, with the dorsolateral PFC performing similar functions for both auditory and visual working memory. In contrast, the ventrolateral PFC (VLPFC), which contains cells that respond robustly to auditory stimuli and that process both face and vocal stimuli may be an essential locus for both auditory and audiovisual working memory. These findings suggest a critical role for the VLPFC in the processing, integrating, and retaining of communication information. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Auditory working memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Plakke
- University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Department Neurobiology & Anatomy, United States.
| | - L M Romanski
- University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Department Neurobiology & Anatomy, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fritz JB, Malloy M, Mishkin M, Saunders RC. Monkey׳s short-term auditory memory nearly abolished by combined removal of the rostral superior temporal gyrus and rhinal cortices. Brain Res 2016; 1640:289-98. [PMID: 26707975 PMCID: PMC5890928 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
While monkeys easily acquire the rules for performing visual and tactile delayed matching-to-sample, a method for testing recognition memory, they have extraordinary difficulty acquiring a similar rule in audition. Another striking difference between the modalities is that whereas bilateral ablation of the rhinal cortex (RhC) leads to profound impairment in visual and tactile recognition, the same lesion has no detectable effect on auditory recognition memory (Fritz et al., 2005). In our previous study, a mild impairment in auditory memory was obtained following bilateral ablation of the entire medial temporal lobe (MTL), including the RhC, and an equally mild effect was observed after bilateral ablation of the auditory cortical areas in the rostral superior temporal gyrus (rSTG). In order to test the hypothesis that each of these mild impairments was due to partial disconnection of acoustic input to a common target (e.g., the ventromedial prefrontal cortex), in the current study we examined the effects of a more complete auditory disconnection of this common target by combining the removals of both the rSTG and the MTL. We found that the combined lesion led to forgetting thresholds (performance at 75% accuracy) that fell precipitously from the normal retention duration of ~30 to 40s to a duration of ~1 to 2s, thus nearly abolishing auditory recognition memory, and leaving behind only a residual echoic memory. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Auditory working memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Fritz
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Center for Acoustic and Auditory Research, Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States.
| | - Megan Malloy
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Mortimer Mishkin
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Richard C Saunders
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Scott BH, Mishkin M. Auditory short-term memory in the primate auditory cortex. Brain Res 2016; 1640:264-77. [PMID: 26541581 PMCID: PMC4853305 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sounds are fleeting, and assembling the sequence of inputs at the ear into a coherent percept requires auditory memory across various time scales. Auditory short-term memory comprises at least two components: an active ׳working memory' bolstered by rehearsal, and a sensory trace that may be passively retained. Working memory relies on representations recalled from long-term memory, and their rehearsal may require phonological mechanisms unique to humans. The sensory component, passive short-term memory (pSTM), is tractable to study in nonhuman primates, whose brain architecture and behavioral repertoire are comparable to our own. This review discusses recent advances in the behavioral and neurophysiological study of auditory memory with a focus on single-unit recordings from macaque monkeys performing delayed-match-to-sample (DMS) tasks. Monkeys appear to employ pSTM to solve these tasks, as evidenced by the impact of interfering stimuli on memory performance. In several regards, pSTM in monkeys resembles pitch memory in humans, and may engage similar neural mechanisms. Neural correlates of DMS performance have been observed throughout the auditory and prefrontal cortex, defining a network of areas supporting auditory STM with parallels to that supporting visual STM. These correlates include persistent neural firing, or a suppression of firing, during the delay period of the memory task, as well as suppression or (less commonly) enhancement of sensory responses when a sound is repeated as a ׳match' stimulus. Auditory STM is supported by a distributed temporo-frontal network in which sensitivity to stimulus history is an intrinsic feature of auditory processing. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Auditory working memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Scott
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Mortimer Mishkin
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Audiovisual integration facilitates monkeys' short-term memory. Anim Cogn 2016; 19:799-811. [PMID: 27010716 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-016-0979-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many human behaviors are known to benefit from audiovisual integration, including language and communication, recognizing individuals, social decision making, and memory. Exceptionally little is known about the contributions of audiovisual integration to behavior in other primates. The current experiment investigated whether short-term memory in nonhuman primates is facilitated by the audiovisual presentation format. Three macaque monkeys that had previously learned an auditory delayed matching-to-sample (DMS) task were trained to perform a similar visual task, after which they were tested with a concurrent audiovisual DMS task with equal proportions of auditory, visual, and audiovisual trials. Parallel to outcomes in human studies, accuracy was higher and response times were faster on audiovisual trials than either unisensory trial type. Unexpectedly, two subjects exhibited superior unimodal performance on auditory trials, a finding that contrasts with previous studies, but likely reflects their training history. Our results provide the first demonstration of a bimodal memory advantage in nonhuman primates, lending further validation to their use as a model for understanding audiovisual integration and memory processing in humans.
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu Z, Wang Q, You Y, Yin P, Ding H, Bao X, Yang P, Lu H, Gao Y, Li L. The role of the temporal pole in modulating primitive auditory memory. Neurosci Lett 2016; 619:196-202. [PMID: 26992938 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Primitive auditory memory (PAM), which is recognized as the early point in the chain of the transient auditory memory system, faithfully maintains raw acoustic fine-structure signals for up to 20-30 milliseconds. The neural mechanisms underlying PAM have not been reported in the literature. Previous anatomical, brain-imaging, and neurophysiological studies have suggested that the temporal pole (TP), part of the parahippocampal region in the transitional area between perirhinal cortex and superior/inferior temporal gyri, is involved in auditory memories. This study investigated whether the TP plays a role in mediating/modulating PAM. The longest interaural interval (the interaural-delay threshold) for detecting a break in interaural correlation (BIC) embedded in interaurally correlated wideband noises was used to indicate the temporal preservation of PAM and examined in both healthy listeners and patients receiving unilateral anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL, centered on the TP) for treating their temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The results showed that patients with ATL were still able to detect the BIC even when an interaural interval was introduced, regardless of which ear was the leading one. However, in patient participants, the group-mean interaural-delay threshold for detecting the BIC under the contralateral-ear-leading (relative to the side of ATL) condition was significantly shorter than that under the ipsilateral-ear-leading condition. The results suggest that although the TP is not essential for integrating binaural signals and mediating the PAM, it plays a role in top-down modulating the PAM of raw acoustic fine-structure signals from the contralateral ear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Liu
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, The Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Psychology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu You
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, The Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, The Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Ding
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, The Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Bao
- Department of Psychology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- Department of Psychology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Psychology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yayue Gao
- Department of Psychology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Psychology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Speech and Hearing Research Center, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bigelow J, Ng CW, Poremba A. Local field potential correlates of auditory working memory in primate dorsal temporal pole. Brain Res 2015; 1640:299-313. [PMID: 26718730 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Dorsal temporal pole (dTP) is a cortical region at the rostral end of the superior temporal gyrus that forms part of the ventral auditory object processing pathway. Anatomical connections with frontal and medial temporal areas, as well as a recent single-unit recording study, suggest this area may be an important part of the network underlying auditory working memory (WM). To further elucidate the role of dTP in auditory WM, local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded from the left dTP region of two rhesus macaques during an auditory delayed matching-to-sample (DMS) task. Sample and test sounds were separated by a 5-s retention interval, and a behavioral response was required only if the sounds were identical (match trials). Sensitivity of auditory evoked responses in dTP to behavioral significance and context was further tested by passively presenting the sounds used as auditory WM memoranda both before and after the DMS task. Average evoked potentials (AEPs) for all cue types and phases of the experiment comprised two small-amplitude early onset components (N20, P40), followed by two broad, large-amplitude components occupying the remainder of the stimulus period (N120, P300), after which a final set of components were observed following stimulus offset (N80OFF, P170OFF). During the DMS task, the peak amplitude and/or latency of several of these components depended on whether the sound was presented as the sample or test, and whether the test matched the sample. Significant differences were also observed among the DMS task and passive exposure conditions. Comparing memory-related effects in the LFP signal with those obtained in the spiking data raises the possibility some memory-related activity in dTP may be locally produced and actively generated. The results highlight the involvement of dTP in auditory stimulus identification and recognition and its sensitivity to the behavioral significance of sounds in different contexts. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Auditory working memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Bigelow
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 11 Seashore Hall East, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
| | - Chi-Wing Ng
- Center for Neuroscience University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Amy Poremba
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 11 Seashore Hall East, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Matusz PJ, Thelen A, Amrein S, Geiser E, Anken J, Murray MM. The role of auditory cortices in the retrieval of single-trial auditory-visual object memories. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 41:699-708. [PMID: 25728186 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Single-trial encounters with multisensory stimuli affect both memory performance and early-latency brain responses to visual stimuli. Whether and how auditory cortices support memory processes based on single-trial multisensory learning is unknown and may differ qualitatively and quantitatively from comparable processes within visual cortices due to purported differences in memory capacities across the senses. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) as healthy adults (n = 18) performed a continuous recognition task in the auditory modality, discriminating initial (new) from repeated (old) sounds of environmental objects. Initial presentations were either unisensory or multisensory; the latter entailed synchronous presentation of a semantically congruent or a meaningless image. Repeated presentations were exclusively auditory, thus differing only according to the context in which the sound was initially encountered. Discrimination abilities (indexed by d') were increased for repeated sounds that were initially encountered with a semantically congruent image versus sounds initially encountered with either a meaningless or no image. Analyses of ERPs within an electrical neuroimaging framework revealed that early stages of auditory processing of repeated sounds were affected by prior single-trial multisensory contexts. These effects followed from significantly reduced activity within a distributed network, including the right superior temporal cortex, suggesting an inverse relationship between brain activity and behavioural outcome on this task. The present findings demonstrate how auditory cortices contribute to long-term effects of multisensory experiences on auditory object discrimination. We propose a new framework for the efficacy of multisensory processes to impact both current multisensory stimulus processing and unisensory discrimination abilities later in time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel J Matusz
- The Laboratory for Investigative Neurophysiology (The LINE), Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Department of Radiology, Vaudois University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Attention, Behaviour, and Cognitive Development Group, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Faculty in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Muñoz-López M, Insausti R, Mohedano-Moriano A, Mishkin M, Saunders RC. Anatomical pathways for auditory memory II: information from rostral superior temporal gyrus to dorsolateral temporal pole and medial temporal cortex. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:158. [PMID: 26041980 PMCID: PMC4435056 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory recognition memory in non-human primates differs from recognition memory in other sensory systems. Monkeys learn the rule for visual and tactile delayed matching-to-sample within a few sessions, and then show one-trial recognition memory lasting 10–20 min. In contrast, monkeys require hundreds of sessions to master the rule for auditory recognition, and then show retention lasting no longer than 30–40 s. Moreover, unlike the severe effects of rhinal lesions on visual memory, such lesions have no effect on the monkeys' auditory memory performance. The anatomical pathways for auditory memory may differ from those in vision. Long-term visual recognition memory requires anatomical connections from the visual association area TE with areas 35 and 36 of the perirhinal cortex (PRC). We examined whether there is a similar anatomical route for auditory processing, or that poor auditory recognition memory may reflect the lack of such a pathway. Our hypothesis is that an auditory pathway for recognition memory originates in the higher order processing areas of the rostral superior temporal gyrus (rSTG), and then connects via the dorsolateral temporal pole to access the rhinal cortex of the medial temporal lobe. To test this, we placed retrograde (3% FB and 2% DY) and anterograde (10% BDA 10,000 mW) tracer injections in rSTG and the dorsolateral area 38DL of the temporal pole. Results showed that area 38DL receives dense projections from auditory association areas Ts1, TAa, TPO of the rSTG, from the rostral parabelt and, to a lesser extent, from areas Ts2-3 and PGa. In turn, area 38DL projects densely to area 35 of PRC, entorhinal cortex (EC), and to areas TH/TF of the posterior parahippocampal cortex. Significantly, this projection avoids most of area 36r/c of PRC. This anatomical arrangement may contribute to our understanding of the poor auditory memory of rhesus monkeys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Muñoz-López
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA ; Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha Albacete, Spain
| | - R Insausti
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha Albacete, Spain
| | - A Mohedano-Moriano
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha Albacete, Spain
| | - M Mishkin
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R C Saunders
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Recasens M, Leung S, Grimm S, Nowak R, Escera C. Repetition suppression and repetition enhancement underlie auditory memory-trace formation in the human brain: an MEG study. Neuroimage 2015; 108:75-86. [PMID: 25528656 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
24
|
Christison-Lagay KL, Gifford AM, Cohen YE. Neural correlates of auditory scene analysis and perception. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 95:238-245. [PMID: 24681354 PMCID: PMC4176604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The auditory system is designed to transform acoustic information from low-level sensory representations into perceptual representations. These perceptual representations are the computational result of the auditory system's ability to group and segregate spectral, spatial and temporal regularities in the acoustic environment into stable perceptual units (i.e., sounds or auditory objects). Current evidence suggests that the cortex-specifically, the ventral auditory pathway-is responsible for the computations most closely related to perceptual representations. Here, we discuss how the transformations along the ventral auditory pathway relate to auditory percepts, with special attention paid to the processing of vocalizations and categorization, and explore recent models of how these areas may carry out these computations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate L. Christison-Lagay
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104
| | - Adam M. Gifford
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104
| | - Yale E. Cohen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104
- Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104
- Department of Bioengineering University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Scott BH, Mishkin M, Yin P. Neural correlates of auditory short-term memory in rostral superior temporal cortex. Curr Biol 2014; 24:2767-75. [PMID: 25456448 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auditory short-term memory (STM) in the monkey is less robust than visual STM and may depend on a retained sensory trace, which is likely to reside in the higher-order cortical areas of the auditory ventral stream. RESULTS We recorded from the rostral superior temporal cortex as monkeys performed serial auditory delayed match-to-sample (DMS). A subset of neurons exhibited modulations of their firing rate during the delay between sounds, during the sensory response, or during both. This distributed subpopulation carried a predominantly sensory signal modulated by the mnemonic context of the stimulus. Excitatory and suppressive effects on match responses were dissociable in their timing and in their resistance to sounds intervening between the sample and match. CONCLUSIONS Like the monkeys' behavioral performance, these neuronal effects differ from those reported in the same species during visual DMS, suggesting different neural mechanisms for retaining dynamic sounds and static images in STM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Scott
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Mortimer Mishkin
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pingbo Yin
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Neural Systems Laboratory, Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bigelow J, Rossi B, Poremba A. Neural correlates of short-term memory in primate auditory cortex. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:250. [PMID: 25177266 PMCID: PMC4132374 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Behaviorally-relevant sounds such as conspecific vocalizations are often available for only a brief amount of time; thus, goal-directed behavior frequently depends on auditory short-term memory (STM). Despite its ecological significance, the neural processes underlying auditory STM remain poorly understood. To investigate the role of the auditory cortex in STM, single- and multi-unit activity was recorded from the primary auditory cortex (A1) of two monkeys performing an auditory STM task using simple and complex sounds. Each trial consisted of a sample and test stimulus separated by a 5-s retention interval. A brief wait period followed the test stimulus, after which subjects pressed a button if the sounds were identical (match trials) or withheld button presses if they were different (non-match trials). A number of units exhibited significant changes in firing rate for portions of the retention interval, although these changes were rarely sustained. Instead, they were most frequently observed during the early and late portions of the retention interval, with inhibition being observed more frequently than excitation. At the population level, responses elicited on match trials were briefly suppressed early in the sound period relative to non-match trials. However, during the latter portion of the sound, firing rates increased significantly for match trials and remained elevated throughout the wait period. Related patterns of activity were observed in prior experiments from our lab in the dorsal temporal pole (dTP) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the same animals. The data suggest that early match suppression occurs in both A1 and the dTP, whereas later match enhancement occurs first in the PFC, followed by A1 and later in dTP. Because match enhancement occurs first in the PFC, we speculate that enhancement observed in A1 and dTP may reflect top–down feedback. Overall, our findings suggest that A1 forms part of the larger neural system recruited during auditory STM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Bigelow
- Department of Psychology, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Breein Rossi
- Department of Psychology, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Amy Poremba
- Department of Psychology, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Medalla M, Barbas H. Specialized prefrontal "auditory fields": organization of primate prefrontal-temporal pathways. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:77. [PMID: 24795553 PMCID: PMC3997038 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
No other modality is more frequently represented in the prefrontal cortex than the auditory, but the role of auditory information in prefrontal functions is not well understood. Pathways from auditory association cortices reach distinct sites in the lateral, orbital, and medial surfaces of the prefrontal cortex in rhesus monkeys. Among prefrontal areas, frontopolar area 10 has the densest interconnections with auditory association areas, spanning a large antero-posterior extent of the superior temporal gyrus from the temporal pole to auditory parabelt and belt regions. Moreover, auditory pathways make up the largest component of the extrinsic connections of area 10, suggesting a special relationship with the auditory modality. Here we review anatomic evidence showing that frontopolar area 10 is indeed the main frontal “auditory field” as the major recipient of auditory input in the frontal lobe and chief source of output to auditory cortices. Area 10 is thought to be the functional node for the most complex cognitive tasks of multitasking and keeping track of information for future decisions. These patterns suggest that the auditory association links of area 10 are critical for complex cognition. The first part of this review focuses on the organization of prefrontal-auditory pathways at the level of the system and the synapse, with a particular emphasis on area 10. Then we explore ideas on how the elusive role of area 10 in complex cognition may be related to the specialized relationship with auditory association cortices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Medalla
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Boston, MA, USA ; Neural Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helen Barbas
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Boston, MA, USA ; Neural Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Health Sciences, Boston University Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|