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Li LL, Wu JJ, Ma J, Li YL, Xue X, Li KP, Jin J, Hua XY, Zheng MX, Xu JG. White matter fiber integrity and structural brain network topology: implications for balance function in postischemic stroke patients. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad452. [PMID: 38037387 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that ischemic stroke can result in white matter fiber injury and modifications in the structural brain network. However, the relationship with balance function scores remains insufficiently explored. Therefore, this study aims to explore the alterations in the microstructural properties of brain white matter and the topological characteristics of the structural brain network in postischemic stroke patients and their potential correlations with balance function. We enrolled 21 postischemic stroke patients and 21 age, sex, and education-matched healthy controls (HC). All participants underwent balance function assessment and brain diffusion tensor imaging. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were used to compare the fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity of white matter fibers between the two groups. The white matter structural brain network was constructed based on the automated anatomical labeling atlas, and we conducted a graph theory-based analysis of its topological properties, including global network properties and local node properties. Additionally, the correlation between the significant structural differences and balance function score was analyzed. The TBSS results showed that in comparison to the HC, postischemic stroke patients exhibited extensive damage to their whole-brain white matter fiber tracts (P < 0.05). Graph theory analysis showed that in comparison to the HC, postischemic stroke patients exhibited statistically significant reductions in the values of global efficiency, local efficiency, and clustering coefficient, as well as an increase in characteristic path length (P < 0.05). In addition, the degree centrality and nodal efficiency of some nodes in postischemic stroke patients were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The white matter fibers of the entire brain in postischemic stroke patients are extensively damaged, and the topological properties of the structural brain network are altered, which are closely related to balance function. This study is helpful in further understanding the neural mechanism of balance function after ischemic stroke from the white matter fiber and structural brain network topological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yu-Lin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Xin Xue
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Kun-Peng Li
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Jin
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xu-Yun Hua
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Mou-Xiong Zheng
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Jian-Guang Xu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
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de Rond V, D'Cruz N, Hulzinga F, McCrum C, Verschueren S, de Xivry JJO, Nieuwboer A. Neural correlates of weight-shift training in older adults: a randomized controlled study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19609. [PMID: 37949995 PMCID: PMC10638445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediolateral weight-shifting is an important aspect of postural control. As it is currently unknown whether a short training session of mediolateral weight-shifting in a virtual reality (VR) environment can improve weight-shifting, we investigated this question and also probed the impact of practice on brain activity. Forty healthy older adults were randomly allocated to a training (EXP, n = 20, age = 70.80 (65-77), 9 females) or a control group (CTR, n = 20, age = 71.65 (65-82), 10 females). The EXP performed a 25-min weight-shift training in a VR-game, whereas the CTR rested for the same period. Weight-shifting speed in both single- (ST) and dual-task (DT) conditions was determined before, directly after, and 24 h after intervention. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) assessed the oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) levels in five cortical regions of interest. Weight-shifting in both ST and DT conditions improved in EXP but not in CTR, and these gains were retained after 24 h. Effects transferred to wider limits of stability post-training in EXP versus CTR. HbO2 levels in the left supplementary motor area were significantly increased directly after training in EXP during ST (change < SEM), and in the left somatosensory cortex during DT (change > SEM). We interpret these changes in the motor coordination and sensorimotor integration areas of the cortex as possibly learning-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle de Rond
- Neuromotor Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicholas D'Cruz
- Neuromotor Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Motor Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Femke Hulzinga
- Neuromotor Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christopher McCrum
- Neuromotor Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Verschueren
- Research Group for Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Orban de Xivry
- Motor Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alice Nieuwboer
- Neuromotor Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.
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Cosendey K, Mongold S, Petieau M, Cheron G, Cebolla AM. Sleep-push movement performance in elite field hockey champions with and without training specialization. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1199448. [PMID: 37583601 PMCID: PMC10424849 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1199448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate kinematic and muscle activity differences during the sleep-push movement in elite field hockey players. We hypothesized that players with specialized sleep-push movement training (specialists) would possess a lower center of mass (CoM) and enhanced reproducibility of muscle activations during the movement, compared to players without explicit movement training (non-specialists). Methods Ten field hockey players of the Belgian national field hockey team performed the sleep-push movement (5 specialists and 5 non-specialists). Muscle activity and kinematic data were recorded using EMG to evaluate the reproducibility of muscle activations by cross-correlation analysis and power spectral features across the movement, while a motion capture system was used to assess kinematics. Results Compared to non-specialists, specialists had significantly (p < 0.05) increased stick velocity (9.17 ± 1.28 m/s versus 6.98 ± 0.97 m/s) and lower CoM height (141 ± 52 mm versus 296 ± 64 mm), during the second part of the shot. Specialists also showed a significant (p < 0.05) lower power spectrum in the activity of the upper limb muscles before the shot. Superimposition of the auto crosscorrelation results demonstrated a high degree of reproducibility in specialists' muscle activations. Conclusion Sleep-push movements realized by elite players who are specialists in the sleep-push movement presented significant kinematics and muscular activation differences when compared to the sleep-push movements realized by elite players who were not specialists in such movement. Characterization of the specific movement and the related high-level performer's muscular strategies offers the possibility of translating sport science findings into functional training with concrete applications for coaches, players, and other key stakeholders for the continued development of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Killian Cosendey
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Scott Mongold
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Petieau
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Cheron
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Ana-Maria Cebolla
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Brinkerhoff SA, Sánchez N, Roper JA. Habitual exercise evokes fast and persistent adaptation during split-belt walking. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286649. [PMID: 37267314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Changing movement patterns in response to environmental perturbations is a critical aspect of gait and is related to reducing the energetic cost of the movement. Exercise improves energetic capacity for submaximal exercise and may affect how people adapt movement to reach an energetic minimum. The purpose of this study was to determine whether self-reported exercise behavior influences gait adaptation in young adults. Young adults who met the optimal volume of exercise according to the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (MOVE; n = 19) and young adults who did not meet the optimal volume of exercise (notMOVE; n = 13) walked on a split-belt treadmill with one belt moving twice the speed of the other belt for 10 minutes. Step length asymmetry (SLA) and mechanical work done by each leg were measured. Nonlinear mixed effects models compared the time course of adaptation between MOVE and notMOVE, and t-tests compared net work at the end of adaptation between MOVE and notMOVE. Compared to notMOVE, MOVE had a faster initial response to the split belt treadmill, and continued to adapt over the duration of split-belt treadmill walking. Young adults who engage in sufficient amounts of exercise responded more quickly to the onset of a perturbation, and throughout the perturbation they continued to explore movement strategies, which might be related to reduction of energetic cost. Our findings provide insights into the multisystem positive effects of exercise, including walking adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Brinkerhoff
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Natalia Sánchez
- Department of Physical Therapy, Chapman University, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Jaimie A Roper
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
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Carius D, Herold F, Clauß M, Kaminski E, Wagemann F, Sterl C, Ragert P. Increased Cortical Activity in Novices Compared to Experts During Table Tennis: A Whole-Brain fNIRS Study Using Threshold-Free Cluster Enhancement Analysis. Brain Topogr 2023:10.1007/s10548-023-00963-y. [PMID: 37119404 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-023-00963-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest to understand the neural underpinnings of high-level sports performance including expertise-related differences in sport-specific skills. Here, we aimed to investigate whether expertise level and task complexity modulate the cortical hemodynamics of table tennis players. 35 right-handed table tennis players (17 experts/18 novices) were recruited and performed two table tennis strokes (forehand and backhand) and a randomized combination of them. Cortical hemodynamics, as a proxy for cortical activity, were recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, and the behavioral performance (i.e., target accuracy) was assessed via video recordings. Expertise- and task-related differences in cortical hemodynamics were analyzed using nonparametric threshold-free cluster enhancement. In all conditions, table tennis experts showed a higher target accuracy than novices. Furthermore, we observed expertise-related differences in widespread clusters compromising brain areas being associated with sensorimotor and multisensory integration. Novices exhibited, in general, higher activation in those areas as compared to experts. We also identified task-related differences in cortical activity including frontal, sensorimotor, and multisensory brain areas. The present findings provide empirical support for the neural efficiency hypothesis since table tennis experts as compared to novices utilized a lower amount of cortical resources to achieve superior behavioral performance. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the task complexity of different table tennis strokes is mirrored in distinct cortical activation patterns. Whether the latter findings can be useful to monitor or tailor sport-specific training interventions necessitates further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Carius
- Department of Movement Neuroscience, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, 04109, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Fabian Herold
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martina Clauß
- Department of Movement Neuroscience, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaminski
- Department of Movement Neuroscience, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Wagemann
- Department of Movement Neuroscience, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Clemens Sterl
- Department of Movement Neuroscience, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Ragert
- Department of Movement Neuroscience, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Wang D, Zhou J, Huang Y, Yu H. Identifying the changes in the cortical activity of various brain regions for different balance tasks: A review. NeuroRehabilitation 2023:NRE220285. [PMID: 37125575 DOI: 10.3233/nre-220285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balance support is critical to a person's overall function and health. Previous neuroimaging studies have shown that cortical structures play an essential role in postural control. OBJECTIVE This review aims to identify differences in the pattern of neural activity induced by balance tasks with different balance control requirements. METHODS Seventy-four articles were selected from the field of balance training and were examined based on four brain function detection technologies. RESULTS In general, most studies focused on the activity changes of various cortical areas during training at different difficulty levels, but more and more attention has also begun to focus on the functional changes of other cortical and deep subcortical structures. Our analysis also revealed the neglect of certain task types. CONCLUSION Based on these results, we identify and discuss future research directions that may contribute to a clear understanding of neural functional plasticity under different tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duojin Wang
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Assistive Devices, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiankang Zhou
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Huang
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliu Yu
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Assistive Devices, Shanghai, China
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Priming Effects of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on the Effects of Conventional Physiotherapy on Balance and Muscle Performance in Athletes With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. J Sport Rehabil 2023; 32:315-324. [PMID: 36623509 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2022-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT In athletes, postural control impairment and knee muscle dysfunction are the most common disorders following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Because of functional changes in the motor cortex following ACL injury, physiotherapy (PT) is not enough for treatment and using neuromodulators, such as trans-cranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may be necessary. The present study focused on the effects of anodal tDCS (a-tDCS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) concurrent with PT on postural control and muscular performance in the athletes with ACL injury. DESIGN In this study, 34 athletes with ACL injury were randomly assigned in 2 groups of intervention group (active M1 a-tDCS concurrent with PT, n = 16) and control group (sham M1 a-tDCS concurrent with PT, n = 16). METHODS The participants of all groups received 20-minute 2 mA M1 a-tDCS with PT during 10 sessions, while tDCS was turned off after 30 seconds in the sham group. Before, immediately following, and 1 month after the interventions, the center of pressure and the average of power of flexor and extensor muscles at 2 velocities of 30°/s and 60°/s were measured by force plate and isokinetic devices, respectively. RESULTS One month after treatment, the displacement of center of pressure was decreased in the intervention group (P < .05), while there were no changes in the control group. Y-axis of center of pressure decreased in the intervention group relative to the control group, although average of power of flexor and extensor muscles increased immediately in both groups, but the rise in the intervention group was larger than that in the control group (P < .05). CONCLUSION The findings indicated that M1 a-tDCS can induce the efficacy of PT, which has a lasting effect on the improvement of the postural control in athletes with ACL injury.
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Akrama G, Sitzmann L, Baumann C. Der Einfluss vom Exergaming mit kommerziell verfügbaren Spielkonsolen auf die Balance und Lebensqualität bei Menschen mit idiopathischem Parkinson-Syndrom – Eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit. PHYSIOSCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1844-5641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Exergaming könnte als Kombination aus Spielspaß und Training ein effektiver Therapie-Ansatz bei Gleichgewichtsstörungen und verminderte Lebensqualität (QoL) bei Parkinson-Patient*innen sein. Zugängliche Arten von Exergaming mit kommerziellen Spielkonsolen wurden bisher nicht umfassend untersucht.
Ziel Untersuchung der Fragestellung, ob Exergaming mit kommerziell verfügbaren Spielkonsolen die Balance und QoL von Patient*innen mit Morbus Parkinson verbessert.
Methode Es erfolgte eine systematische Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken MEDLINE, Cochrance Library, EMBASE, CINHAL und PEDro. Berücksichtigt wurden Studien, die Patient*innen mit Morbus Parkinson mit kommerziell verfügbaren Exergaming-Konsolen behandelten. Als Messinstrument für Balance wurden „Berg Balance Scale“ (BBS) und „Dynamic Gait Index“ (DGI) festgelegt. Die QoL wurde mittels „Parkinsonʼs Disease Questionnaire“ (PDQ-39) evaluiert. Das Verzerrungsrisikos wurde mithilfe der PEDro-Skala und MINORS eingeschätzt. Die Studienergebnisse wurden tabellarisch zusammengefasst und ausführlich gegenübergestellt.
Ergebnisse Es wurden insgesamt 6 randomisierte kontrollierte Studien sowie 6 Kohortenstudien eingeschlossen. Die Studien umfassten insgesamt 413 Proband*innen, wovon 205 die Exergaming-Intervention erhielten. Die Analyse dieser Studien bestätigte einen positiven Effekt von Exergaming mit kommerziellen Spielkonsolen auf die Balance (BBS, DGI) und QoL (PDQ-39) bei Patient*innen mit Morbus Parkinson im ersten bis dritten Hoehn-und-Yahr-Stadium (H&Y-Stadium).
Schlussfolgerung Exergaming mit kommerziell verfügbaren Spielkonsolen kann zur Verbesserung der Balance und QoL bei Patient*innen mit Morbus Parkinson im H&Y-Stadium 1–3 verwendet werden. Für die Untersuchung des Heim-Exergaming werden weitere Studien benötigt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaith Akrama
- Hochschule Fulda, Fachbereich Pflege und Gesundheit, Fulda, Deutschland
| | - Lennert Sitzmann
- Hochschule Fulda, Fachbereich Pflege und Gesundheit, Fulda, Deutschland
| | - Christian Baumann
- Hochschule Fulda, Fachbereich Pflege und Gesundheit, Fulda, Deutschland
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Xie HM, Xing ZT, Chen ZY, Zhang XT, Qiu XJ, Jia ZS, Zhang LN, Yu XG. Regional brain atrophy in patients with chronic ankle instability: A voxel-based morphometry study. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:984841. [PMID: 36188473 PMCID: PMC9519998 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.984841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate whether brain volume changes occur in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) using voxel-based morphometry and assessing correlations with clinical tests. Structural magnetic resonance imaging data were prospectively acquired in 24 patients with CAI and 34 healthy controls. CAI symptoms and pain intensity were assessed using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT), American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, and visual analog scale (VAS). The gray matter volume (GMV) of each voxel was compared between the two groups while controlling for age, sex, weight, and education level. Correlation analysis was performed to identify associations between abnormal GMV regions and the FAAM score, AOFAS score, VAS score, disease duration, and body mass index. Patients with CAI exhibited reduced GMV in the right precentral and postcentral areas, right parahippocampal area, left thalamus, left parahippocampal area, and left postcentral area compared to that of healthy controls. Furthermore, the right parahippocampal (r = 0.642, p = 0.001), left parahippocampal (r = 0.486, p = 0.016), and left postcentral areas (r = 0.521, p = 0.009) were positively correlated with disease duration. The left thalamus was positively correlated with the CAIT score and FAAM activities of daily living score (r = 0.463, p = 0.023 and r = 0.561, p = 0.004, respectively). A significant positive correlation was found between the local GMV of the right and left parahippocampal areas (r = 0.487, p = 0.016 and r = 0.763, p < 0.001, respectively) and the AOFAS score. Neural plasticity may occur in the precentral and postcentral areas, parahippocampal area, and thalamus in patients with CAI. The patterns of structural reorganization in patients with CAI may provide useful information on the neuropathological mechanisms of CAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Xie
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Tong Xing
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Zhi-Ye Chen
- Department of Radiology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | | | - Xiao-Juan Qiu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Zi-Shan Jia
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ning Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Li-Ning Zhang
| | - Xin-Guang Yu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-Guang Yu
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Kenville R, Maudrich T, Körner S, Zimmer J, Ragert P. Effects of Short-Term Dynamic Balance Training on Postural Stability in School-Aged Football Players and Gymnasts. Front Psychol 2021; 12:767036. [PMID: 34867668 PMCID: PMC8637817 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.767036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Static and dynamic balance abilities enable simple and complex movements and are determinants of top athletic performance. Balance abilities and their proficiency differ fundamentally with respect to age, gender, type of balance intervention, and type of sport. With this study, we aim to investigate whether 4weeks of dynamic balance training (DBT) improves static balance performance in school-aged gymnasts and football players. For this purpose, young male gymnasts (n=21) and male football players (n=20) completed an initial static balance assessment consisting of two one-legged stance (left and right foot) and two two-legged stance (eyes open and eyes closed) tasks. Subsequently, all participants underwent a 4-week intervention. DBT consisting of nine individual tasks was performed two times per week. Another static balance assessment followed 1day after the last training session and retention was assessed 2weeks later. Dynamic balance scores and total path length were analyzed via rank-based repeated measures designs using ANOVA-type statistics. The influence of factors GROUP and TIME on the static and dynamic balance performance was examined. Prior to DBT, young gymnasts showed better static balance performance than football players. However, after intervention, both groups improved in both one-legged stance tasks and also had high retention rates in these tasks. No significant improvements were seen in either group in the two-legged balance tests. Both groups improved in the dynamic balance tasks, although no differences in learning rates were evident. Our findings imply an inter-relationship between both static and dynamic balance components. Consequently, training regimes should include both balance components to facilitate early development of balance ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouven Kenville
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tom Maudrich
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sophie Körner
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Zimmer
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Ragert
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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Hand BJ, Opie GM, Sidhu SK, Semmler JG. Motor cortex plasticity and visuomotor skill learning in upper and lower limbs of endurance-trained cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 122:169-184. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Resting state prefrontal cortex oxygenation in adolescent non-suicidal self-injury - A near-infrared spectroscopy study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 31:102704. [PMID: 34091351 PMCID: PMC8182302 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Resting prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenation is decreased in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) compared to healthy controls. Lower PFC oxygenation (full sample) is associated with greater adverse childhood experiences and less health-related quality of life (HRQoL). On the group-level, patients show no alterations of resting state functional connectivity within the PFC. Among other clinical variables, increased PFC connectivity (full sample) is associated with greater borderline personality pathology.
Introduction Neural alterations in limbic and prefrontal circuits in association with self-injurious behavior have been studied primarily in adult borderline personality disorder (BPD). In adolescent patients, research is still sparse. Here, we used resting functional near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to examine oxygenation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and its association with symptom severity in adolescents engaging in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and matched healthy controls (HC). Methods Adolescents (12–17 years) with recurrent episodes of NSSI (n = 170) and healthy controls (n = 43) performed a low-demanding resting-state vanilla baseline task. Mean oxygenation of the PFC and functional connectivity within the PFC, were measured using an 8-channel functional NIRS system (Octamon, Artinis, The Netherlands). Various clinical variables derived from diagnostic interviews and self-reports were included in statistical analyses to explore potential associations with PFC oxygenation and connectivity. Results Adolescents with NSSI showed significantly decreased PFC oxygenation compared to HC, as indexed by oxygenated hemoglobin. Lower PFC oxygenation was associated with greater adverse childhood experiences and less health-related quality of life (HRQoL). While there was no evidence for alterations in PFC connectivity in adolescents engaging in NSSI compared to HC, increased PFC connectivity in the full sample was associated with greater adverse childhood experience, greater BPD pathology, greater depression severity and psychological burden in general, as well as lower HRQoL. Conclusion This study is the first to examine PFC oxygenation using NIRS technology in adolescents engaging in NSSI. Overall, results indicate small effects not specific to NSSI. Clinical implications of these findings and recommendations for further research are discussed.
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Dans PW, Foglia SD, Nelson AJ. Data Processing in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Motor Control Research. Brain Sci 2021; 11:606. [PMID: 34065136 PMCID: PMC8151801 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
FNIRS pre-processing and processing methodologies are very important-how a researcher chooses to process their data can change the outcome of an experiment. The purpose of this review is to provide a guide on fNIRS pre-processing and processing techniques pertinent to the field of human motor control research. One hundred and twenty-three articles were selected from the motor control field and were examined on the basis of their fNIRS pre-processing and processing methodologies. Information was gathered about the most frequently used techniques in the field, which included frequency cutoff filters, wavelet filters, smoothing filters, and the general linear model (GLM). We discuss the methodologies of and considerations for these frequently used techniques, as well as those for some alternative techniques. Additionally, general considerations for processing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W. Dans
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
| | - Stevie D. Foglia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
| | - Aimee J. Nelson
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
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14
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Seidel-Marzi O, Hähner S, Ragert P, Carius D. Task-Related Hemodynamic Response Alterations During Slacklining: An fNIRS Study in Advanced Slackliners. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2021; 2:644490. [PMID: 38235235 PMCID: PMC10790949 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2021.644490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The ability to maintain balance is based on various processes of motor control in complex neural networks of subcortical and cortical brain structures. However, knowledge on brain processing during the execution of whole-body balance tasks is still limited. In the present study, we investigated brain activity during slacklining, a task with a high demand on balance capabilities, which is frequently used as supplementary training in various sports disciplines as well as for lower extremity prevention and rehabilitation purposes in clinical settings. We assessed hemodynamic response alterations in sensorimotor brain areas using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during standing (ST) and walking (WA) on a slackline in 16 advanced slackliners. We expected to observe task-related differences between both conditions as well as associations between cortical activity and slacklining experience. While our results revealed hemodynamic response alterations in sensorimotor brain regions such as primary motor cortex (M1), premotor cortex (PMC), and supplementary motor cortex (SMA) during both conditions, we did not observe differential effects between ST and WA nor associations between cortical activity and slacklining experience. In summary, these findings provide novel insights into brain processing during a whole-body balance task and its relation to balance expertise. As maintaining balance is considered an important prerequisite in daily life and crucial in the context of prevention and rehabilitation, future studies should extend these findings by quantifying brain processing during task execution on a whole-brain level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Seidel-Marzi
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Hähner
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Ragert
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Carius
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Badau D, Badau A, Manolache G, Ene MI, Neofit A, Grosu VT, Tudor V, Sasu R, Moraru R, Moraru L. The Motor Impact of the Static Balance in the Up Plank Position on Three Different Balls in Physical Activities of Physical Education Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18042043. [PMID: 33669792 PMCID: PMC7922917 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the capacity of stability and motor impact in the development of the balance of student athletes by reducing the support surface on the ball in the up plank position, by using three categories of balls of equal size, but with different elasticity and weight. In this study, the second aim was to investigate the differences in maintaining static balance, on different balls, between those who are practicing individual sports or team sports. The total study sample include 48 students, active athletes (45.8% of individual sports and 54.2% of team sports), age X ± SD 18.74 ± 1.94 years. The research included two test sessions (initial and final) applied in two stages. The static balance tests were performed by measuring the time maintaining the up plank position with two and three points of support on the three balls, with different characteristics of elasticity and ranges of deformation: medical ball, handball ball and fitness ball. The results of the study showed that the superior initial and final results were recorded on the fitness ball, and the inferior results on the medicine ball. The upper difference was recorded at the up plank position with two support points (arms, legs) on the fitness ball, at 4980 s, and the lowest in the same test on the medical ball, at 3420 s. The largest difference was recorded at the up plank position with three support points on the handball ball, at 7.082 s, and the lowest in the same test on the medical ball, at 3.093 s. The subjects of the study perceived that the most difficult position to execute was the up plank position on the medical ball with two support points, with 43.8%, and the easiest stability was registered in the up plank position on the fitness ball with three points of support, of 37.5%. The relevance of the research results from the possibility of using different balls in conditions of positioning and body posture with a diminished support base in order to improve physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Badau
- Faculty of Sciences and Letters, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Adela Badau
- Faculty of Sciences and Letters, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.B.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (R.M.); Tel.: +40-723-19-83-91 (A.B.); +40-736-42-00-24 (R.M.)
| | - Gabriel Manolache
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, “Dunarea de Jos” University, 800003 Galati, Romania; (G.M.); (M.I.E.); (A.N.)
| | - Mircea Ion Ene
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, “Dunarea de Jos” University, 800003 Galati, Romania; (G.M.); (M.I.E.); (A.N.)
| | - Adriana Neofit
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, “Dunarea de Jos” University, 800003 Galati, Romania; (G.M.); (M.I.E.); (A.N.)
| | - Vlad Teodor Grosu
- Faculty of Automotive Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Virgil Tudor
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Radu Sasu
- Faculty of Sciences and Letters, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Raluca Moraru
- Faculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (R.M.); Tel.: +40-723-19-83-91 (A.B.); +40-736-42-00-24 (R.M.)
| | - Liviu Moraru
- Faculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
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16
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Müller J, Kreutz C, Ringhof S, Koeppel M, Kleindienst N, Sam G, Schneeweiss A, Wiskemann J, Weiler M. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: longitudinal analysis of predictors for postural control. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2398. [PMID: 33504885 PMCID: PMC7840973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81902-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired postural control is often observed in response to neurotoxic chemotherapy. However, potential explanatory factors other than chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) have not been adequately considered to date due to primarily cross-sectional study designs. Our objective was to comprehensively analyze postural control during and after neurotoxic chemotherapy, and to identify potential CIPN-independent predictors for its impairment. Postural control and CIPN symptoms (EORTC QLQ-CIPN20) were longitudinally assessed before, during and three weeks after neurotoxic chemotherapy, and in three and six months follow-up examinations (N = 54). The influence of peripheral nerve function as determined by nerve conduction studies (NCS: compound motor action potentials (CMAP) and sensory action potentials (SNAP)), physical activity, and muscle strength on the change in postural control during and after chemotherapy was analyzed by multiple linear regression adjusted for age and body mass index. Postural control, CIPN signs/symptoms, and CMAP/SNAP amplitudes significantly deteriorated during chemotherapy (p < .01). During follow-up, patients recovered from postural instabilities (p < .01), whereas CIPN signs/symptoms and pathologic NCS findings persisted compared to baseline (p < .001). The regression model showed that low CMAP and high SNAP amplitudes at baseline predicted impairment of postural control during but not after chemotherapy. Hence, pre-therapeutically disturbed somatosensory inputs may induce adaptive processes that have compensatory effects and allow recovery of postural control while CIPN signs/symptoms and pathologic peripheral nerve function persist. Baseline NCS findings in cancer patients who receive neurotoxic chemotherapy thus might assist in delineating individual CIPN risk profiles more precisely to which specific exercise intervention programs could be tailor-made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Müller
- Institute of Sports and Sport Science, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 700, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Working Group Exercise Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kreutz
- Division of Physical Activity, Prevention and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Ringhof
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Schwarzwaldstr. 175, 79117, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Koeppel
- Working Group Exercise Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Kleindienst
- Institute of Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health; Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Georges Sam
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Wiskemann
- Working Group Exercise Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Weiler
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Carius D, Seidel-Marzi O, Kaminski E, Lisson N, Ragert P. Characterizing hemodynamic response alterations during basketball dribbling. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238318. [PMID: 32881901 PMCID: PMC7470377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on neural processing during complex non-stationary motion sequences of sport-specific movements still remains elusive. Hence, we aimed at investigating hemodynamic response alterations during a basketball slalom dribbling task (BSDT) using multi-distance functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in 23 participants (12 females). Additionally, we quantified how the brain adapts its processing as a function of altered hand use (dominant right hand (DH) vs. non-dominant left hand (NDH) vs. alternating hands (AH)) and pace of execution (slow vs. fast) in BSDT. We found that BSDT activated bilateral premotor cortex (PMC), supplementary motor cortex (SMA), primary motor cortex (M1) as well as inferior parietal cortex and somatosensory association cortex. Slow dominant hand dribbling (DHslow) evoked lower contralateral hemodynamic responses in sensorimotor regions compared to fast dribbling (DHfast). Furthermore, during DHslow dribbling, we found lower hemodynamic responses in ipsilateral M1 as compared to dribbling with alternating hands (AHslow). Hence, altered task complexity during BSDT induced differential hemodynamic response patterns. Furthermore, a correlation analysis revealed that lower levels of perceived task complexity are associated with lower hemodynamic responses in ipsilateral PMC-SMA, which is an indicator for neuronal efficiency in participants with better basketball dribbling skills. The present study extends previous findings by showing that varying levels of task complexity are reflected by specific hemodynamic response alterations even during sports-relevant motor behavior. Taken together, we suggest that quantifying brain activation during complex movements is a prerequisite for assessing brain-behavior relations and optimizing motor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Carius
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Seidel-Marzi
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaminski
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Niklas Lisson
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Ragert
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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18
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Chen Y, Gao Q, He CQ, Bian R. Effect of Virtual Reality on Balance in Individuals With Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Phys Ther 2020; 100:933-945. [PMID: 32157307 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virtual reality (VR) is a frequently used intervention for the rehabilitation of individuals with neurological disorders. PURPOSE The aims of this review were to identify the short-term effect of VR on balance and to compare it with the effect of active interventions in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). DATA SOURCES Searches for relevant articles available in English were conducted using the MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database databases from inception until March 2019. STUDY SELECTION All randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of training with VR and the effect of training without VR on balance in individuals with PD were included. DATA EXTRACTION Two authors independently extracted data, assessed the methodological quality, and evaluated the evidence quality of the studies. DATA SYNTHESIS Fourteen randomized controlled trials including 574 individuals were eligible for qualitative analyses, and 12 of the studies involving 481 individuals were identified as being eligible for meta-analyses. Compared with active interventions, the use of VR improved the Berg Balance Scale score (mean difference = 1.23; 95% CI = 0.15 to 2.31; I2 = 56%). The Dynamic Gait Index and Functional Gait Assessment results were also significant after the sensitivity analyses (mean difference = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.12 to 1.26; I2 = 0%). Both provided moderate statistical evidence. However, the Timed "Up & Go" Test and the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale did not differ significantly. LIMITATIONS Publication bias and diversity in the interventions were the main limitations. CONCLUSIONS Existing moderate evidence of the effectiveness of VR with the Berg Balance Scale, Dynamic Gait Index, and Functional Gait Assessment for individuals with PD was promising. Although the differences did not reach the clinically important change threshold, VR was comparable to active interventions and could be considered an adjuvant therapy for balance rehabilitation in individuals with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Y. Chen, MS, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; and Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Q. Gao, PhD, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University; and Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine of Sichuan Province
| | - Cheng-Qi He
- C-Q. He, PhD, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China; and Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine of Sichuan Province. Address all correspondence to Dr He at:
| | - Rong Bian
- R. Bian, PhD, Rehabilitation Department, Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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19
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New Directions in Exercise Prescription: Is There a Role for Brain-Derived Parameters Obtained by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy? Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10060342. [PMID: 32503207 PMCID: PMC7348779 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the literature, it is well established that regular physical exercise is a powerful strategy to promote brain health and to improve cognitive performance. However, exact knowledge about which exercise prescription would be optimal in the setting of exercise–cognition science is lacking. While there is a strong theoretical rationale for using indicators of internal load (e.g., heart rate) in exercise prescription, the most suitable parameters have yet to be determined. In this perspective article, we discuss the role of brain-derived parameters (e.g., brain activity) as valuable indicators of internal load which can be beneficial for individualizing the exercise prescription in exercise–cognition research. Therefore, we focus on the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), since this neuroimaging modality provides specific advantages, making it well suited for monitoring cortical hemodynamics as a proxy of brain activity during physical exercise.
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20
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Seidel-Marzi O, Ragert P. Neurodiagnostics in Sports: Investigating the Athlete's Brain to Augment Performance and Sport-Specific Skills. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:133. [PMID: 32327988 PMCID: PMC7160821 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing performance levels of athletes during training and competition is a desired goal in sports. Quantifying training success is typically accompanied by performance diagnostics including the assessment of sports-relevant behavioral and physiological parameters. Even though optimal brain processing is a key factor for augmented motor performance and skill learning, neurodiagnostics is typically not implemented in performance diagnostics of athletes. We propose, that neurodiagnostics via non-invasive brain imaging techniques such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) will offer novel perspectives to quantify training-induced neuroplasticity and its relation to motor behavior. A better understanding of such a brain-behavior relationship during the execution of sport-specific movements might help to guide training processes and to optimize training outcomes. Furthermore, targeted non-invasive brain stimulation such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) might help to further enhance training outcomes by modulating brain areas that show training-induced neuroplasticity. However, we strongly suggest that ethical aspects in the use of non-invasive brain stimulation during training and/or competition need to be addressed before neuromodulation can be considered as a performance enhancer in sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Seidel-Marzi
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Ragert
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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21
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Which Effects on Neuroanatomy and Path-Integration Survive? Results of a Randomized Controlled Study on Intensive Balance Training. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10040210. [PMID: 32260099 PMCID: PMC7226327 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10040210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Balancing is a complex task requiring the integration of visual, somatosensory and vestibular inputs. The vestibular system is linked to the hippocampus, a brain structure crucial for spatial orientation. Here we tested the immediate and sustained effects of a one-month-long slackline training program on balancing and orientation abilities as well as on brain volumes in young adults without any prior experience in that skill. On the corrected level, we could not find any interaction effects for brain volumes, but the effect sizes were small to medium. A subsequent within-training-group analysis revealed volumetric increments within the somatosensory cortex and decrements within posterior insula, cerebellum and putamen remained stable over time. No significant interaction effects were observed on the clinical balance and the spatial orientation task two months after the training period (follow-up). We interpret these findings as a shift away from processes crucial for automatized motor output towards processes related to voluntarily controlled movements. The decrease in insular volume in the training group we propose to result from multisensory interaction of the vestibular with the visual and somatosensory systems. The discrepancy between sustained effects in the brain of the training group on the one hand and transient benefits in function on the other may indicate that for the latter to be retained a longer-term practice is required.
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22
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Chen Y, Wang P, Bai Y, Wang Y. Effects of mirror training on motor performance in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2019; 5:e000590. [PMID: 31908833 PMCID: PMC6937065 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Mirror training (MTr) is a rehabilitation technique for patients with neurological diseases. There is no consensus on its effects on motor function in healthy individuals. This systematic review and meta-analysis considers the effects of MTr on motor function in healthy individuals. Design This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources We searched six databases for studies assessing the effects of MTr on motor function in healthy individuals, published between January 1995 and December 2018. The Cochrane risk of bias was used to assess the quality of the studies. A meta-analysis was conducted with narrative synthesis. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies English-language randomised controlled trials reporting the behavioural results in healthy individuals were included. Results Fourteen randomised controlled trials involving 538 healthy individuals were eligible. Two short-term studies showed MTr was inferior to passive vision pattern (standardised mean difference 0.57 (95% CI 0.06 to 1.08), I2=0%, p=0.03). The methods varied and there is limited evidence supporting the effectiveness of MTr compared with three alternative training patterns, with insufficient evidence to support analyses of age, skill level or hand dominance. Conclusion The limited evidence that MTr affects motor performance in healthy individuals is weak and inconsistent among studies. It is unclear whether the effects of MTr on motor performance are more pronounced than the direct vision pattern, passive vision pattern or action observation. Further studies are needed to explore the short-term and long-term benefits of MTr and its effects on motor learning in healthy individuals. PROSPERO registration number CRD42019128881.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglun Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulong Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyuan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Carius D, Hörnig L, Ragert P, Kaminski E. Characterizing cortical hemodynamic changes during climbing and its relation to climbing expertise. Neurosci Lett 2019; 715:134604. [PMID: 31693932 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bouldering is a special form of climbing without rope that requires coordinated whole-body movements. While physical performance parameters such as condition have been well studied, the knowledge on neural activity during climbing still remains sparse. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) allows to measure brain activation while performing sportive actions due to its relative robustness against motion artefacts. In the current study, hemodynamic response alterations of 13 advanced climbers were investigated during boulder performance using fNIRS measurements. Simple and moderate climbing routes were compared regarding their level of cortical activation mainly in the sensorimotor area. Our results show that repetitively climbing a set of boulders activates almost all areas of the sensorimotor system including the bilateral premotor and supplementary motor cortex, bilateral primary motor cortex as well as the bilateral gyrus supramarginalis and somatosensory cortex. This result was found in both simple and moderate climbing routes with no effect of task complexity on the level of cortical activity. Correlation analysis (uncorrected for multiple comparisons) revealed a negative association between the level of expertise and the hemodynamic response in the supplementary-motor region, suggesting that gaining expertise in climbing is associated with a decrease in secondary motor areas, which is an indicator of motor automaticity. In summary, the present study provides first proof of concept that fNIRS is capable of assessing hemodynamic response alterations within the human motor system during the execution of complex whole-body climbing movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Carius
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Lisa Hörnig
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Ragert
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaminski
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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Herold F, Müller P, Gronwald T, Müller NG. Dose-Response Matters! - A Perspective on the Exercise Prescription in Exercise-Cognition Research. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2338. [PMID: 31736815 PMCID: PMC6839278 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In general, it is well recognized that both acute physical exercises and regular physical training influence brain plasticity and cognitive functions positively. However, growing evidence shows that the same physical exercises induce very heterogeneous outcomes across individuals. In an attempt to better understand this interindividual heterogeneity in response to acute and regular physical exercising, most research, so far, has focused on non-modifiable factors such as sex and different genotypes, while relatively little attention has been paid to exercise prescription as a modifiable factor. With an adapted exercise prescription, dosage can be made comparable across individuals, a procedure that is necessary to better understand the dose-response relationship in exercise-cognition research. This improved understanding of dose-response relationships could help to design more efficient physical training approaches against, for instance, cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Müller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gronwald
- Department Performance, Neuroscience, Therapy and Health, Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Notger G. Müller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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Urquhart EL, Wanniarachchi HI, Wang X, Liu H, Fadel PJ, Alexandrakis G. Mapping cortical network effects of fatigue during a handgrip task by functional near-infrared spectroscopy in physically active and inactive subjects. NEUROPHOTONICS 2019; 6:045011. [PMID: 31853458 PMCID: PMC6904890 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.6.4.045011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The temporal evolution of cortical activation and connectivity patterns during a fatiguing handgrip task were studied by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Twenty-three young adults (18 to 35 years old) were recruited to use a handheld force sensor to perform intermittent handgrip contractions with their dominant hand at their personal maximum voluntary contraction force level for 3.5 s followed by 6.5 s of rest for 120 blocks. Subjects were divided into self-reported physically active and inactive groups, and their hemodynamic activity over the prefrontal and sensory-motor cortices (111 channels) was mapped while they performed this task. Using this fNIRS setup, a more detailed time sequence of cortical activation and connectivity patterns was observed compared to prior studies. A temporal evolution sequence of hemodynamic activation patterns was noted, which was different between the active and the inactive groups. Physically active subjects demonstrated delayed fatigue onset and significantly longer-lasting and more spatially extended functional connectivity (FC) patterns, compared to inactive subjects. The observed differences in activation and FC suggested differences in cortical network adaptation patterns as fatigue set in, which were dependent on subjects' physical activity. The findings of this study suggest that physical activity increases FC with regions involved in motor task control and correlates to extended fatigue onset and enhanced performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L. Urquhart
- University of Texas at Arlington, Bioengineering Department, Arlington, Texas, United States
| | | | - Xinlong Wang
- University of Texas at Arlington, Bioengineering Department, Arlington, Texas, United States
| | - Hanli Liu
- University of Texas at Arlington, Bioengineering Department, Arlington, Texas, United States
| | - Paul J. Fadel
- University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Kinesiology, Arlington, Texas, United States
| | - George Alexandrakis
- University of Texas at Arlington, Bioengineering Department, Arlington, Texas, United States
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Seidel O, Carius D, Roediger J, Rumpf S, Ragert P. Changes in neurovascular coupling during cycling exercise measured by multi-distance fNIRS: a comparison between endurance athletes and physically active controls. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:2957-2972. [PMID: 31506708 PMCID: PMC6794243 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that endurance exercise modulates the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and musculoskeletal system. However, knowledge about its effects on brain function and structure is rather sparse. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate exercise-dependent adaptations in neurovascular coupling to different intensity levels in motor-related brain regions. Moreover, expertise effects between trained endurance athletes (EA) and active control participants (ACP) during a cycling test were investigated using multi-distance functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Initially, participants performed an incremental cycling test (ICT) to assess peak values of power output (PPO) and cardiorespiratory parameters such as oxygen consumption volume (VO2max) and heart rate (HRmax). In a second session, participants cycled individual intensity levels of 20, 40, and 60% of PPO while measuring cardiorespiratory responses and neurovascular coupling. Our results revealed exercise-induced decreases of deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb), indicating an increased activation in motor-related brain areas such as primary motor cortex (M1) and premotor cortex (PMC). However, we could not find any differential effects in brain activation between EA and ACP. Future studies should extend this approach using whole-brain configurations and systemic physiological augmented fNIRS measurements, which seems to be of pivotal interest in studies aiming to assess neural activation in a sports-related context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Seidel
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Daniel Carius
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Roediger
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rumpf
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Ragert
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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Fortin C, Pialasse JP, Knoth IS, Lippé S, Duclos C, Simoneau M. Cortical dynamics of sensorimotor information processing associated with balance control in adolescents with and without idiopathic scoliosis. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:1752-1761. [PMID: 31401484 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims at examining the cortical dynamics of sensorimotor information processing related to balance control in participants with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and in age-matched controls (CTL). METHODS Cortical dynamics during standing balance control were assessed in 13 girls with AIS and 13 age-matched controls using electroencephalography. Time-frequency analysis were used to determine frequency power during ankle proprioception alteration (ankle tendons co-vibration interval) or reintegration of ankle proprioception (post-vibration interval) with or without vision. RESULTS Balance control did not differ between groups. In the co-vibration interval, a significant suppression in alpha (8-12 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) band power and a significant increase in theta (4-7 Hz) band power were found respectively in the vision and non-vision condition in the AIS group compared to the CTL group. In the post-vibration interval, significant suppressions in beta (13-30 Hz) and gamma (30-50 Hz) band power were observed in the AIS group in the non-vision condition. CONCLUSION Participants with AIS showed brain oscillations differences compared to CTL in the sensorimotor cortex while controlling their balance in various sensory conditions. SIGNIFICANCE Future study using evaluation of cortical dynamics could serve documenting whether rehabilitation programs have an effect on sensorimotor function in AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Fortin
- École de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Jean-Philippe Pialasse
- École de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Sarah Lippé
- Centre de recherche, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cyril Duclos
- École de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire en réadaptation du Montréal métropolitain (CRIR), Institut de Réadaptation Gingras-Lindsay-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Simoneau
- Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (CIRRIS), Québec, Québec, Canada
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Seidel O, Ragert P. Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of Primary Motor Cortex on Reaction Time and Tapping Performance: A Comparison Between Athletes and Non-athletes. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:103. [PMID: 31024275 PMCID: PMC6460944 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies provided compelling evidence that physical activity leads to specific changes on a functional and structural level of brain organization. The observed neural adaptions are specific to the sport and manifested in those brain regions which are associated with neuronal processing of sport-specific skills. Techniques of non-invasive brain stimulation have been shown to induce neuroplastic changes and thereby also facilitate task performance. In the present study, we investigated the influence of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the leg area of the primary motor cortex (M1) on simple reaction time tasks (RTT) and tapping tasks (TT) as a comparison between trained football (FB) and handball players (HB) and non-athletes (NA). We hypothesized that anodal tDCS over M1 (leg area) would lead to specific behavioral gains in RTT and TT performance of the lower extremity as compared to sham condition. On an exploratory level, we aimed at revealing if trained athletes would show stronger tDCS-induced behavioral gains as compared to NA, and, furthermore, if there are any differential effects between FB and HB. A total number of 46 participants were enrolled in a sham-controlled, double-blinded, cross-over study. A test block consisting of RTT and TT was performed before, during, after as well as 30 min after a 20-min tDCS application. Additionally, the specificity of tDCS-induced changes was examined by testing upper extremity using the same experimental design as a control condition. Our data showed no group- or sport-specific tDCS-induced effects (online and offline) on RTT and TT neither for lower nor upper extremities. These findings indicate that neither athletes nor NA seems to benefit from a brief period of tDCS application in speed-related motor tasks. However, more knowledge on neuronal processing of RTT and TT performance in trained athletes, the influence of tDCS parameters including stimulation sites, and the effect of inter-individual differences are required in order to draw a comprehensive picture of whether tDCS can help to enhance motor abilities on a high-performance level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Seidel
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Ragert
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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The Role of Motor Learning on Measures of Physical Requirements and Motor Variability During Repetitive Screwing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16071231. [PMID: 30959882 PMCID: PMC6479693 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether physical requirements and motor variability decreased over days in novices during a repetitive screwing task. Fifty-seven subjects performed one hour of repetitive screwing and fastening on three days, separated by 2–7 days. The average physical requirement and relative cycle-to-cycle variability (coefficient of variation, i.e., CV) were calculated from continuous recordings of electromyography of four arm muscles (biceps brachii, triceps brachii, flexor carpi radialis, extensor digitorum), forearm acceleration, and electrocardiography. Muscle activity levels, heart rate, and forearm acceleration decreased from day 1 to day 2 (range: ~4% to ~20%) and/or 3 (range: ~4% to ~28%). Not all muscles showed a similar pattern. Activity of the extensor digitorum and biceps brachii decreased already between days 1 and 2 (range: ~6% to ~13%), whereas activity of the flexor carpi radialis and triceps brachii decreased between days 1 and 3 (range: ~13% to ~20%). No changes in physical requirement were detected between days 2 and 3. Relative motor variability did not change across days, except that variability of forearm acceleration increased from day 1 to 3 (~5%). This study found consistent changes in physical requirements and indicated that several arm muscles show earlier decreases of muscular activity, like the extensor digitorum, compared to other body parts, like the flexor carpi radialis. Moreover, movement strategies may develop differently than muscle activation strategies, based on the different developments of physical requirements and motor variability. The development of physical requirements in industrial tasks is part of daily living and starts at task onset, highlighting the importance of task familiarization and the randomization of experimental conditions in scientific studies.
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Olivier A, Viseu JP, Vignais N, Vuillerme N. Balance control during stance - A comparison between horseback riding athletes and non-athletes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211834. [PMID: 30721260 PMCID: PMC6363218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Horseback riding requires the ability to adapt to changes in balance conditions, to maintain equilibrium on the horse and to prevent falls. Postural adaptation involves specific sensorimotor processes integrating visual information and somesthesic information. The objective of this study was to examine this multisensorial integration on postural control, especially the use of visual and plantar information in static (stable) and dynamic (unstable) postures, among a group of expert horse rider women (n = 10) and a group of non-athlete women (n = 12). Postural control was evaluated through the center of pressure measured with a force platform on stable and unstable supports, with the eyes open and the eyes closed, and with the presence of foam on the support or not. Results showed that expert horse rider women had a better postural stability with unstable support in the mediolateral axis compared to non-athletes. Moreover, on the anteroposterior axis, expert horse riders were less visual dependent and more stable in the presence of foam. Results suggested that horseback riding could help developing particular proprioceptive abilities on standing posture as well as better postural muscle tone during particular bipodal dynamic perturbations. These outcomes provide new insights into horseback riding assets and methodological clues to assess the impact of sport practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Olivier
- CIAMS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- CIAMS, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
- Groupe Voltaire—Forestier Sellier, Bidart, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Viseu
- CIAMS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- CIAMS, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Nicolas Vignais
- CIAMS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- CIAMS, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Nicolas Vuillerme
- AGEIS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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ÖZOCAK O, GÜNDÜZ BAŞÇIL S, GÖLGELİ A. Egzersiz ve Nöroplastisite. DÜZCE ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI ENSTITÜSÜ DERGISI 2019. [DOI: 10.33631/duzcesbed.446500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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32
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Herold F, Wiegel P, Scholkmann F, Müller NG. Applications of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Neuroimaging in Exercise⁻Cognition Science: A Systematic, Methodology-Focused Review. J Clin Med 2018; 7:E466. [PMID: 30469482 PMCID: PMC6306799 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For cognitive processes to function well, it is essential that the brain is optimally supplied with oxygen and blood. In recent years, evidence has emerged suggesting that cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics can be modified with physical activity. To better understand the relationship between cerebral oxygenation/hemodynamics, physical activity, and cognition, the application of state-of-the art neuroimaging tools is essential. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is such a neuroimaging tool especially suitable to investigate the effects of physical activity/exercises on cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics due to its capability to quantify changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyHb) non-invasively in the human brain. However, currently there is no clear standardized procedure regarding the application, data processing, and data analysis of fNIRS, and there is a large heterogeneity regarding how fNIRS is applied in the field of exercise⁻cognition science. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the current methodological knowledge about fNIRS application in studies measuring the cortical hemodynamic responses during cognitive testing (i) prior and after different physical activities interventions, and (ii) in cross-sectional studies accounting for the physical fitness level of their participants. Based on the review of the methodology of 35 as relevant considered publications, we outline recommendations for future fNIRS studies in the field of exercise⁻cognition science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg 39120, Germany.
| | - Patrick Wiegel
- Department of Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79117, Germany.
- Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany.
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zürich, Zürich 8091, Switzerland.
| | - Notger G Müller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg 39120, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg 39118, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg 39120, Germany.
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