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Cobia D, Haut MW, Revill KP, Rellick SL, Nudo RJ, Wischnewski M, Buetefisch CM. Gray matter volume of functionally relevant primary motor cortex is causally related to learning a hand motor task. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae210. [PMID: 38771243 PMCID: PMC11107379 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Variability in brain structure is associated with the capacity for behavioral change. However, a causal link between specific brain areas and behavioral change (such as motor learning) has not been demonstrated. We hypothesized that greater gray matter volume of a primary motor cortex (M1) area active during a hand motor learning task is positively correlated with subsequent learning of the task, and that the disruption of this area blocks learning of the task. Healthy participants underwent structural MRI before learning a skilled hand motor task. Next, participants performed this learning task during fMRI to determine M1 areas functionally active during this task. This functional ROI was anatomically constrained with M1 boundaries to create a group-level "Active-M1" ROI used to measure gray matter volume in each participant. Greater gray matter volume in the left hemisphere Active-M1 ROI was related to greater motor learning in the corresponding right hand. When M1 hand area was disrupted with repetitive transcranial stimulation (rTMS), learning of the motor task was blocked, confirming its causal link to motor learning. Our combined imaging and rTMS approach revealed greater cortical volume in a task-relevant M1 area is causally related to learning of a hand motor task in healthy humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derin Cobia
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Center, 1036 KMBL, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Marc W Haut
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, 33 Medical Center Dr., West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Department of Neurology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, 33 Medical Center Dr., West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Department of Radiology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, 33 Medical Center Dr., West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Kate P Revill
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Stephanie L Rellick
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, 33 Medical Center Dr., West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Randolph J Nudo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Miles Wischnewski
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, 1441 Clifton Road NE, Suite 236 C, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Cathrin M Buetefisch
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, 1441 Clifton Road NE, Suite 236 C, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, 1441 Clifton Road NE, Suite 236 C, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Radiology, Emory University, 1441 Clifton Road NE, Suite 236 C, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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2
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Bundt C, Huster RJ. Corticospinal excitability reductions during action preparation and action stopping in humans: Different sides of the same inhibitory coin? Neuropsychologia 2024; 195:108799. [PMID: 38218313 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Motor functions and cognitive processes are closely associated with each other. In humans, this linkage is reflected in motor system state changes both when an action must be prepared and stopped. Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation showed that both action preparation and action stopping are accompanied by a reduction of corticospinal excitability, referred to as preparatory and response inhibition, respectively. While previous efforts have been made to describe both phenomena extensively, an updated and comprehensive comparison of the two phenomena is lacking. To ameliorate such deficit, this review focuses on the role and interpretation of single-coil (single-pulse and paired-pulse) and dual-coil TMS outcome measures during action preparation and action stopping in humans. To that effect, it aims to identify commonalities and differences, detailing how TMS-based outcome measures are affected by states, traits, and psychopathologies in both processes. Eventually, findings will be compared, and open questions will be addressed to aid future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Bundt
- Multimodal Imaging and Cognitive Control Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience Cluster, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - René J Huster
- Multimodal Imaging and Cognitive Control Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience Cluster, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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3
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Marques Paulo AJ, Sato JR, de Faria DD, Balardin J, Borges V, de Azevedo Silva SM, Ballalai Ferraz H, de Carvalho Aguiar P. Task-related brain activity in upper limb dystonia revealed by simultaneous fNIRS and EEG. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 159:1-12. [PMID: 38232654 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore differences in brain activity and connectivity using simultaneous electroencephalography and near-infrared spectroscopy in patients with focal dystonia during handwriting and finger-tapping tasks. METHODS Patients with idiopathic right upper limb focal dystonia and controls were assessed by simultaneous near-infrared spectroscopy and electroencephalography during the writing and finger-tapping tasks in terms of the mu-alpha, mu-beta, beta and low gamma power and effective connectivity, as well as relative changes in oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) and deoxyhemoglobin using a channel-wise approach with a mixed-effect model. RESULTS Patients exhibited higher oxy-Hb levels in the right and left motor cortex and supplementary motor area during writing, but lower oxy-Hb levels in the left sensorimotor and bilateral somatosensory area during finger-tapping compared to controls. During writing, patients showed increased low gamma power in the bilateral sensorimotor cortex and less mu-beta and beta attenuation compared to controls. Additionally, patients had reduced connectivity between the supplementary motor area and the left sensorimotor cortex during writing. No differences were observed in terms of effective connectivity in either task. Finally, patients failed to attenuate the mu-alpha, mu-beta, and beta rhythms during the finger-tapping task. CONCLUSIONS Cortical blood flow and EEG spectral power differ between controls and dystonia patients, depending on the task. Writing increased blood flow and altered connectivity in dystonia patients, and it also decreased slow-band attenuation. Finger-tapping decreased blood flow and slow-band attenuation. SIGNIFICANCE Simultaneous fNIRS and EEG may show relevant information regarding brain dynamics in movement disorders patients in unconstrained environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur José Marques Paulo
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo-SP 05652-900, Brazil
| | - João Ricardo Sato
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo-SP 05652-900, Brazil; Universidade Federal do ABC, Centro de Matemática Computação e Cognição , São Bernardo do Campo-SP , 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Danilo Donizete de Faria
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, R. Pedro de Toledo, 650, São Paulo - SP 04039-002, Brazil; Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual, Av. Ibirapuera, 981 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo - SP 04038-034, Brazil
| | - Joana Balardin
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo-SP 05652-900, Brazil
| | - Vanderci Borges
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, R. Pedro de Toledo, 650, São Paulo - SP 04039-002, Brazil
| | - Sonia Maria de Azevedo Silva
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, R. Pedro de Toledo, 650, São Paulo - SP 04039-002, Brazil; Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual, Av. Ibirapuera, 981 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo - SP 04038-034, Brazil
| | - Henrique Ballalai Ferraz
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, R. Pedro de Toledo, 650, São Paulo - SP 04039-002, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Carvalho Aguiar
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo-SP 05652-900, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, R. Pedro de Toledo, 650, São Paulo - SP 04039-002, Brazil.
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4
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Dexheimer B, Sainburg R, Sharp S, Philip BA. Roles of Handedness and Hemispheric Lateralization: Implications for Rehabilitation of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems: A Rapid Review. Am J Occup Ther 2024; 78:7802180120. [PMID: 38305818 PMCID: PMC11017742 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2024.050398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Handedness and motor asymmetry are important features of occupational performance. With an increased understanding of the basic neural mechanisms surrounding handedness, clinicians will be better able to implement targeted, evidence-based neurorehabilitation interventions to promote functional independence. OBJECTIVE To review the basic neural mechanisms behind handedness and their implications for central and peripheral nervous system injury. DATA SOURCES Relevant published literature obtained via MEDLINE. FINDINGS Handedness, along with performance asymmetries observed between the dominant and nondominant hands, may be due to hemispheric specializations for motor control. These specializations contribute to predictable motor control deficits that are dependent on which hemisphere or limb has been affected. Clinical practice recommendations for occupational therapists and other rehabilitation specialists are presented. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE It is vital that occupational therapists and other rehabilitation specialists consider handedness and hemispheric lateralization during evaluation and treatment. With an increased understanding of the basic neural mechanisms surrounding handedness, clinicians will be better able to implement targeted, evidence-based neurorehabilitation interventions to promote functional independence. Plain-Language Summary: The goal of this narrative review is to increase clinicians' understanding of the basic neural mechanisms related to handedness (the tendency to select one hand over the other for specific tasks) and their implications for central and peripheral nervous system injury and rehabilitation. An enhanced understanding of these mechanisms may allow clinicians to better tailor neurorehabilitation interventions to address motor deficits and promote functional independence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Dexheimer
- Brooke Dexheimer, PhD, OTD, OTR/L, is Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond;
| | - Robert Sainburg
- Robert Sainburg, PhD, OTR, is Professor and Huck Institutes Distinguished Chair, Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, and Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey
| | - Sydney Sharp
- Sydney Sharp, is Occupational Therapy Doctoral Student, Department of Occupational Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Benjamin A Philip
- Benjamin A. Philip, PhD, is Assistant Professor, Program in Occupational Therapy, Department of Neurology and Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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5
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Wischnewski M, Tran H, Zhao Z, Shirinpour S, Haigh ZJ, Rotteveel J, Perera ND, Alekseichuk I, Zimmermann J, Opitz A. Induced neural phase precession through exogenous electric fields. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1687. [PMID: 38402188 PMCID: PMC10894208 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The gradual shifting of preferred neural spiking relative to local field potentials (LFPs), known as phase precession, plays a prominent role in neural coding. Correlations between the phase precession and behavior have been observed throughout various brain regions. As such, phase precession is suggested to be a global neural mechanism that promotes local neuroplasticity. However, causal evidence and neuroplastic mechanisms of phase precession are lacking so far. Here we show a causal link between LFP dynamics and phase precession. In three experiments, we modulated LFPs in humans, a non-human primate, and computational models using alternating current stimulation. We show that continuous stimulation of motor cortex oscillations in humans lead to a gradual phase shift of maximal corticospinal excitability by ~90°. Further, exogenous alternating current stimulation induced phase precession in a subset of entrained neurons (~30%) in the non-human primate. Multiscale modeling of realistic neural circuits suggests that alternating current stimulation-induced phase precession is driven by NMDA-mediated synaptic plasticity. Altogether, the three experiments provide mechanistic and causal evidence for phase precession as a global neocortical process. Alternating current-induced phase precession and consequently synaptic plasticity is crucial for the development of novel therapeutic neuromodulation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles Wischnewski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Harry Tran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sina Shirinpour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zachary J Haigh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jonna Rotteveel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nipun D Perera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ivan Alekseichuk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jan Zimmermann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alexander Opitz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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6
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The phase of sensorimotor mu and beta oscillations has the opposite effect on corticospinal excitability. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:1093-1100. [PMID: 35964870 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural oscillations in the primary motor cortex (M1) shape corticospinal excitability. Power and phase of ongoing mu (8-13 Hz) and beta (14-30 Hz) activity may mediate motor cortical output. However, the functional dynamics of both mu and beta phase and power relationships and their interaction, are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE Here, we employ recently developed real-time targeting of the mu and beta rhythm, to apply phase-specific brain stimulation and probe motor corticospinal excitability non-invasively. For this, we used instantaneous read-out and analysis of ongoing oscillations, targeting four different phases (0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°) of mu and beta rhythms with suprathreshold single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to M1. Ensuing motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in the right first dorsal interossei muscle were recorded. Twenty healthy adults took part in this double-blind randomized crossover study. RESULTS Mixed model regression analyses showed significant phase-dependent modulation of corticospinal output by both mu and beta rhythm. Strikingly, these modulations exhibit a double dissociation. MEPs are larger at the mu trough and rising phase and smaller at the peak and falling phase. For the beta rhythm we found the opposite behavior. Also, mu power, but not beta power, was positively correlated with corticospinal output. Power and phase effects did not interact for either rhythm, suggesting independence between these aspects of oscillations. CONCLUSION Our results provide insights into real-time motor cortical oscillation dynamics, which offers the opportunity to improve the effectiveness of TMS by specifically targeting different frequency bands.
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7
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Revill KP, Barany DA, Vernon I, Rellick S, Caliban A, Tran J, Belagaje SR, Nahab F, Haut MW, Buetefisch CM. Evaluating the Abnormality of Bilateral Motor Cortex Activity in Subacute Stroke Patients Executing a Unimanual Motor Task With Increasing Demand on Precision. Front Neurol 2022; 13:836716. [PMID: 35693005 PMCID: PMC9174784 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.836716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal contralesional M1 activity is consistently reported in patients with compromised upper limb and hand function after stroke. The underlying mechanisms and functional implications of this activity are not clear, which hampers the development of treatment strategies targeting this brain area. The goal of the present study was to determine the extent to which contralesional M1 activity can be explained by the demand of a motor task, given recent evidence for increasing ipsilateral M1 activity with increasing demand in healthy age-matched controls. We hypothesized that higher activity in contralesional M1 is related to greater demand on precision in a hand motor task. fMRI data were collected from 19 patients with ischemic stroke affecting hand function in the subacute recovery phase and 31 healthy, right-handed, age-matched controls. The hand motor task was designed to parametrically modulate the demand on movement precision. Electromyography data confirmed strictly unilateral task performance by all participants. Patients showed significant impairment relative to controls in their ability to perform the task in the fMRI scanner. However, patients and controls responded similarly to an increase in demand for precision, with better performance for larger targets and poorer performance for smaller targets. Patients did not show evidence of elevated ipsilesional or contralesional M1 blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activation relative to healthy controls and mean BOLD activation levels were not elevated for patients with poorer performance relative to patients with better task performance. While both patients and healthy controls showed demand-dependent increases in BOLD activation in both ipsilesional/contralateral and contralesional/ipsilateral hemispheres, patients with stroke were less likely to show evidence of a linear relationship between the demand on precision and BOLD activation in contralesional M1 than healthy controls. Taken together, the findings suggest that task demand affects the BOLD response in contralesional M1 in patients with stroke, though perhaps less strongly than in healthy controls. This has implications for the interpretation of reported abnormal bilateral M1 activation in patients with stroke because in addition to contralesional M1 reorganization processes it could be partially related to a response to the relatively higher demand of a motor task when completed by patients rather than by healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Pirog Revill
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Deborah A. Barany
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Isabelle Vernon
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Stephanie Rellick
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Alexandra Caliban
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Julie Tran
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Samir R. Belagaje
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Fadi Nahab
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Marc W. Haut
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Department of Neurology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Department of Radiology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Cathrin M. Buetefisch
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Cathrin M. Buetefisch
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8
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Wang Z, Zhang LL, Wu Y, Zhang J, Liu K. Long-Term Wu Qin Xi Exercise on Response Inhibition and Cortical Connectivity in Parkinson's Disease: Design and Implementation of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Front Neurol 2021; 12:675050. [PMID: 34349720 PMCID: PMC8326919 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.675050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Motor symptom disorders in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) are closely related to reduced inhibitory ability. Although exercise has been shown to improve this ability in patients with PD, its effects on proactive and reactive inhibition have not been determined. Most previous studies of inhibitory control disorder in people with PD have been behavioral, and little attention has been paid to functional cortical connectivity. Wu Qin Xi, a low–medium-intensity qigong exercise that is safe and easy to do for elderly individuals, can support physical well-being and help prevent and alleviate disease. In this study, our aims were to explore the effects of a long-term Wu Qin Xi intervention on response inhibition and to examine how improved inhibition control relates to cortical connectivity using dual-site paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (ppTMS), in patients with mild–moderate PD. Methods: A single-blind randomized controlled trial will be conducted. A total of 90 elderly subjects will be recruited and allocated randomly to Wu Qin Xi, balance exercise, and healthy control groups. The exercise interventions will be implemented in three 90-min sessions per week for 24 weeks; the healthy control group will receive no intervention. The primary assessments will be response inhibition metrics and task-based ppTMS. The secondary outcomes will include motor symptom severity, mobility, balance, emotional state, and quality of life. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, at the conclusion of the intervention period (week 24), and a few months after the intervention (week 36 follow-up). Discussion: This study is designed to provide insights into the effects of practicing Wu Qin Xi on response inhibition function in people with PD. The results will provide evidence on the value of traditional Chinese exercise as a therapeutic rehabilitation option for these patients. They will also provide data addressing how brain function–related cortical connectivity is related to reactive vs. proactive inhibition in people with PD participating in an exercise intervention. Clinical Trial Registration: This study has been registered prospectively in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000038517, 18 January 2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- School of Exercise and Healthy Science, Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, China.,School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan-Lan Zhang
- School of Leisure Sport and Management, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Wu
- School of Economics and Management, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
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9
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Neige C, Rannaud Monany D, Lebon F. Exploring cortico-cortical interactions during action preparation by means of dual-coil transcranial magnetic stimulation: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:678-692. [PMID: 34274404 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Action preparation is characterized by a set of complex and distributed processes that occur in multiple brain areas. Interestingly, dual-coil transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a relevant technique to probe effective connectivity between cortical areas, with a high temporal resolution. In the current systematic review, we aimed at providing a detailed picture of the cortico-cortical interactions underlying action preparation focusing on dual-coil TMS studies. We considered four theoretical processes (impulse control, action selection, movement initiation and action reprogramming) and one task modulator (movement complexity). The main findings highlight 1) the interplay between primary motor cortex (M1) and premotor, prefrontal and parietal cortices during action preparation, 2) the varying (facilitatory or inhibitory) cortico-cortical influence depending on the theoretical processes and the TMS timing, and 3) the key role of the supplementary motor area-M1 interactions that shape the preparation of simple and complex movements. These findings are of particular interest for clinical perspectives, with a need to better characterize functional connectivity deficiency in clinical population with altered action preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécilia Neige
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Dylan Rannaud Monany
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Florent Lebon
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000, Dijon, France.
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10
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Prôa R, Balardin J, de Faria DD, Paulo AM, Sato JR, Baltazar CA, Borges V, Azevedo Silva SMC, Ferraz HB, de Carvalho Aguiar P. Motor Cortex Activation During Writing in Focal Upper-Limb Dystonia: An fNIRS Study. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2021; 35:729-737. [PMID: 34047233 DOI: 10.1177/15459683211019341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional imaging studies have associated dystonia with abnormal activation in motor and sensory brain regions. Commonly used techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging impose physical constraints, limiting the experimental paradigms. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) offers a new noninvasive possibility for investigating cortical areas and the neural correlates of complex motor behaviors in unconstrained settings. METHODS We compared the cortical brain activation of patients with focal upper-limb dystonia and controls during the writing task under naturalistic conditions using fNIRS. The primary motor cortex (M1), the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), and the supplementary motor area were chosen as regions of interest (ROIs) to assess differences in changes in both oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) and deoxyhemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) between groups. RESULTS Group average activation maps revealed an expected pattern of contralateral recruitment of motor and somatosensory cortices in the control group and a more bilateral pattern of activation in the dystonia group. Between-group comparisons focused on specific ROIs revealed an increased activation of the contralateral M1 and S1 cortices and also of the ipsilateral M1 cortex in patients. CONCLUSIONS Overactivity of contralateral M1 and S1 in dystonia suggest a reduced specificity of the task-related cortical areas, whereas ipsilateral activation possibly indicates a primary disorder of the motor cortex or an endophenotypic pattern. To our knowledge, this is the first study using fNIRS to assess cortical activity in dystonia during the writing task under natural settings, outlining the potential of this technique for monitoring sensory and motor retraining in dystonia rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Prôa
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Joana Balardin
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo D de Faria
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Artur M Paulo
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João R Sato
- Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sonia M C Azevedo Silva
- Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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11
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Philip BA, McAvoy MP, Frey SH. Interhemispheric Parietal-Frontal Connectivity Predicts the Ability to Acquire a Nondominant Hand Skill. Brain Connect 2021; 11:308-318. [PMID: 33403906 PMCID: PMC8112712 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: After chronic impairment of the right dominant hand, some individuals are able to compensate with increased performance with the intact left nondominant hand. This process may depend on the nondominant (right) hemisphere's ability to access dominant (left) hemisphere mechanisms. To predict or modulate patients' ability to compensate with the left hand, we must understand the neural mechanisms and connections that underpin this process. Methods: We studied 17 right-handed healthy adults who underwent resting-state functional connectivity (FC) magnetic resonance imaging scans before 10 days of training on a left-hand precision drawing task. We sought to identify right-hemisphere areas where FC from left-hemisphere seeds (primary motor cortex, intraparietal sulcus [IPS], inferior parietal lobule) would predict left-hand skill learning or magnitude. Results: Left-hand skill learning was predicted by convergent FC from left primary motor cortex and left IPS onto the same small region (0.31 cm3) in the right superior parietal lobule (SPL). Discussion: For patients who must compensate with the left hand, the right SPL may play a key role in integrating left-hemisphere mechanisms that typically control the right hand. Our study provides the first model of how interhemispheric functional connections in the human brain may support compensation after chronic injury to the right hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Philip
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Mark P. McAvoy
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Scott H. Frey
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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12
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MacDonald HJ, Laksanaphuk C, Day A, Byblow WD, Jenkinson N. The role of interhemispheric communication during complete and partial cancellation of bimanual responses. J Neurophysiol 2021; 125:875-886. [PMID: 33567982 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00688.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise control of upper limb movements in response to external stimuli is vital to effectively interact with the environment. Accurate execution of bimanual movement is known to rely on finely orchestrated interhemispheric communication between the primary motor cortices (M1s). However, relatively little is known about the role of interhemispheric communication during sudden cancellation of prepared bimanual movement. The current study investigated the role of interhemispheric interactions during complete and partial cancellation of bimanual movement. In two experiments, healthy young human participants received transcranial magnetic stimulation to both M1s during a bimanual response inhibition task. The increased corticomotor excitability in anticipation of bimanual movement was accompanied by a release of inhibition from both M1s. After a stop cue, inhibition was reengaged onto both hemispheres to successfully cancel the complete bimanual response. However, when the stop cue signaled partial cancellation (stopping of one digit only), inhibition was reengaged with regard to the cancelled digit, but the responding digit representation was facilitated. This bifurcation in interhemispheric communication between M1s occurred 75 ms later in the more difficult condition when the nondominant, as opposed to dominant, hand was still responding. Our results demonstrate that interhemispheric communication is integral to response inhibition once a bimanual response has been prepared. Interestingly, M1-M1 interhemispheric circuitry does not appear to be responsible for the nonselective suppression of all movement components that has been observed during partial cancellation. Instead such interhemispheric communication enables uncoupling of bimanual response components and facilitates the selective initiation of just the required unimanual movement.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We provide the first evidence that interhemispheric communication plays an important role during sudden movement cancellation of two-handed responses. Simultaneously increased inhibition onto both hemispheres assists with two-handed movement cancellation. However, this network is not responsible for the widespread suppression of motor activity observed when only one of the two hands is cancelled. Instead, communication between hemispheres enables the separation of motor activity for the two hands and helps to execute the required one-handed response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley J MacDonald
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chotica Laksanaphuk
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Alice Day
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Winston D Byblow
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ned Jenkinson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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13
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Wischnewski M, Engelhardt M, Salehinejad MA, Schutter DJLG, Kuo MF, Nitsche MA. NMDA Receptor-Mediated Motor Cortex Plasticity After 20 Hz Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:2924-2931. [PMID: 29992259 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has been shown to modulate neural oscillations and excitability levels in the primary motor cortex (M1). These effects can last for more than an hour and an involvement of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) mediated synaptic plasticity has been suggested. However, to date the cortical mechanisms underlying tACS after-effects have not been explored. Here, we applied 20 Hz beta tACS to M1 while participants received either the NMDAR antagonist dextromethorphan or a placebo and the effects on cortical beta oscillations and excitability were explored. When a placebo medication was administered, beta tACS was found to increase cortical excitability and beta oscillations for at least 60 min, whereas when dextromethorphan was administered, these effects were completely abolished. These results provide the first direct evidence that tACS can induce NMDAR-mediated plasticity in the motor cortex, which contributes to our understanding of tACS-induced influences on human motor cortex physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wischnewski
- Donders Centre for Cognition, Donders Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Engelhardt
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M A Salehinejad
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - D J L G Schutter
- Donders Centre for Cognition, Donders Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M-F Kuo
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M A Nitsche
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
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14
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Barany DA, Revill KP, Caliban A, Vernon I, Shukla A, Sathian K, Buetefisch CM. Primary motor cortical activity during unimanual movements with increasing demand on precision. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:728-739. [PMID: 32727264 PMCID: PMC7509291 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00546.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, performance of unilateral hand movements is associated with primary motor cortex activity ipsilateral to the moving hand (M1ipsi), in addition to contralateral activity (M1contra). The magnitude of M1ipsi activity increases with the demand on precision of the task. However, it is unclear how demand-dependent increases in M1ipsi recruitment relate to the control of hand movements. To address this question, we used fMRI to measure blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activity during performance of a task that varied in demand on precision. Participants (n = 23) manipulated an MRI-compatible joystick with their right or left hand to move a cursor into targets of different sizes (small, medium, large, extra large). Performance accuracy, movement time, and number of velocity peaks scaled with target size, whereas reaction time, maximum velocity, and initial direction error did not. In the univariate analysis, BOLD activation in M1contra and M1ipsi was higher for movements to smaller targets. Representational similarity analysis, corrected for mean activity differences, revealed multivoxel BOLD activity patterns during movements to small targets were most similar to those for medium targets and least similar to those for extra-large targets. Only models that varied with demand (target size, performance accuracy, and number of velocity peaks) correlated with the BOLD dissimilarity patterns, though differently for right and left hands. Across individuals, M1contra and M1ipsi similarity patterns correlated with each other. Together, these results suggest that increasing demand on precision in a unimanual motor task increases M1 activity and modulates M1 activity patterns.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) predominantly controls unilateral hand movements, but the role of ipsilateral M1 is unclear. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate how M1 activity is modulated by unimanual movements at different levels of demand on precision. Our results show that task characteristics related to demand on precision influence bilateral M1 activity, suggesting that in addition to contralateral M1, ipsilateral M1 plays a key role in controlling hand movements to meet performance precision requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ashwin Shukla
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - K Sathian
- Departments of Neurology and Neural & Behavioral Sciences, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Cathrin M Buetefisch
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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15
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Chettouf S, Rueda-Delgado LM, de Vries R, Ritter P, Daffertshofer A. Are unimanual movements bilateral? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 113:39-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Johnson B, Jobst C, Al-Loos R, He W, Cheyne D. Individual differences in motor development during early childhood: An MEG study. Dev Sci 2020; 23:e12935. [PMID: 31869490 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we reported the first measurements of pre-movement and sensorimotor cortex activity in preschool age children (ages 3-5 years) using a customized pediatric magnetoencephalographic system. Movement-related activity in the sensorimotor cortex differed from that typically observed in adults, suggesting that maturation of cortical motor networks was still incomplete by late preschool age. Here we compare these earlier results to a group of school age children (ages 6-8 years) including seven children from the original study measured again two years later, and a group of adults (mean age 31.1 years) performing the same task. Differences in movement-related brain activity were observed both longitudinally within children in which repeated measurements were made, and cross-sectionally between preschool age children, school age children, and adults. Movement-related mu (8-12 Hz) and beta (15-30 Hz) oscillations demonstrated linear increases in amplitude and mean frequency with age. In contrast, movement-evoked gamma synchronization demonstrated a step-like transition from low (30-50 Hz) to high (70-90 Hz) narrow-band oscillations, and this occurred at different ages in different children. Notably, pre-movement activity ('readiness fields') observed in adults was absent in even the oldest children. These are the first direct observations of brain activity accompanying motor responses throughout early childhood, confirming that maturation of this activity is still incomplete by mid-childhood. In addition, individual children demonstrated markedly different developmental trajectories in movement-related brain activity, suggesting that individual differences need to be taken into account when studying motor development across age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Johnson
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cecilia Jobst
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rita Al-Loos
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wei He
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Douglas Cheyne
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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17
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Mizuguchi N, Nakagawa K, Tazawa Y, Kanosue K, Nakazawa K. Functional plasticity of the ipsilateral primary sensorimotor cortex in an elite long jumper with below-knee amputation. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 23:101847. [PMID: 31103873 PMCID: PMC6525316 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Functional plasticity of the sensorimotor cortex occurs following motor practice, as well as after limb amputation. However, the joint effect of limb amputation and intensive, long-term motor practice on cortical plasticity remains unclear. Here, we recorded brain activity during unilateral contraction of the hip, knee, and ankle joint muscles from a long jump Paralympic gold medalist with a unilateral below-knee amputation (Amputee Long Jumper, ALJ). He used the amputated leg with a prosthesis for take-off. Under similar conditions to the ALJ, we also recorded brain activity from healthy long jumpers (HLJ) and non-athletes with a below-knee amputation. During a rhythmic isometric contraction of knee extensor muscles with the take-off/prosthetic leg, the ALJ activated not only the contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex (M1/S1), but also the ipsilateral M1/S1. In addition, this ipsilateral M1/S1 activation was significantly greater than that seen in the HLJ. However, we did not find any significant differences between the ALJ and HLJ in M1/S1 activation during knee muscle contraction in the non-take-off/intact leg, nor during hip muscle contraction on either side. Region of interest analysis revealed that the ALJ exhibited a greater difference in M1/S1 activity and activated areas ipsilateral to the movement side between the take-off/prosthetic and non-take-off/intact legs during knee muscle contraction compared with the other two groups. However, difference in activity in M1/S1 contralateral to the movement side did not differ across groups. These results suggest that a combination of below-knee amputation and intensive, prolonged long jump training using a prosthesis (i.e. fine knee joint control) induced an expansion of the functional representation of the take-off/prosthetic leg in the ipsilateral M1/S1 in a muscle-specific manner. These results provide novel insights into the potential for substantial cortical plasticity with an extensive motor rehabilitation program. A Paralympic gold medalist with a unilateral below-knee amputation was recruited. Brain activity during hip, knee, and ankle movements was recorded. Brain activity was compared with healthy athletes and non-athletes with amputation. Greater ipsilateral M1/S1 activity during knee movement was observed in the medalist. Intensive motor practice and limb amputation would induce drastic neural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Mizuguchi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan; Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama city, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan; The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Kento Nakagawa
- The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan; Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tazawa
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kanosue
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Nakazawa
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
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18
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Guggisberg AG, Koch PJ, Hummel FC, Buetefisch CM. Brain networks and their relevance for stroke rehabilitation. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:1098-1124. [PMID: 31082786 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stroke has long been regarded as focal disease with circumscribed damage leading to neurological deficits. However, advances in methods for assessing the human brain and in statistics have enabled new tools for the examination of the consequences of stroke on brain structure and function. Thereby, it has become evident that stroke has impact on the entire brain and its network properties and can therefore be considered as a network disease. The present review first gives an overview of current methodological opportunities and pitfalls for assessing stroke-induced changes and reorganization in the human brain. We then summarize principles of plasticity after stroke that have emerged from the assessment of networks. Thereby, it is shown that neurological deficits do not only arise from focal tissue damage but also from local and remote changes in white-matter tracts and in neural interactions among wide-spread networks. Similarly, plasticity and clinical improvements are associated with specific compensatory structural and functional patterns of neural network interactions. Innovative treatment approaches have started to target such network patterns to enhance recovery. Network assessments to predict treatment response and to individualize rehabilitation is a promising way to enhance specific treatment effects and overall outcome after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian G Guggisberg
- Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Philipp J Koch
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Valais (EPFL Valais), Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Friedhelm C Hummel
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Valais (EPFL Valais), Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, 1951 Sion, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cathrin M Buetefisch
- Depts of Neurology, Rehabilitation Medicine, Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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19
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Welniarz Q, Gallea C, Lamy JC, Méneret A, Popa T, Valabregue R, Béranger B, Brochard V, Flamand-Roze C, Trouillard O, Bonnet C, Brüggemann N, Bitoun P, Degos B, Hubsch C, Hainque E, Golmard JL, Vidailhet M, Lehéricy S, Dusart I, Meunier S, Roze E. The supplementary motor area modulates interhemispheric interactions during movement preparation. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2125-2142. [PMID: 30653778 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The execution of coordinated hand movements requires complex interactions between premotor and primary motor areas in the two hemispheres. The supplementary motor area (SMA) is involved in movement preparation and bimanual coordination. How the SMA controls bimanual coordination remains unclear, although there is evidence suggesting that the SMA could modulate interhemispheric interactions. With a delayed-response task, we investigated interhemispheric interactions underlying normal movement preparation and the role of the SMA in these interactions during the delay period of unimanual or bimanual hand movements. We used functional MRI and transcranial magnetic stimulation in 22 healthy volunteers (HVs), and then in two models of SMA dysfunction: (a) in the same group of HVs after transient disruption of the right SMA proper by continuous transcranial magnetic theta-burst stimulation; (b) in a group of 22 patients with congenital mirror movements (CMM), whose inability to produce asymmetric hand movements is associated with SMA dysfunction. In HVs, interhemispheric connectivity during the delay period was modulated according to whether or not hand coordination was required for the forthcoming movement. In HVs following SMA disruption and in CMM patients, interhemispheric connectivity was modified during the delay period and the interhemispheric inhibition was decreased. Using two models of SMA dysfunction, we showed that the SMA modulates interhemispheric interactions during movement preparation. This unveils a new role for the SMA and highlights its importance in coordinated movement preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Welniarz
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Faculté des sciences, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Gallea
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Charles Lamy
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Méneret
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Traian Popa
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Romain Valabregue
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche CENIR, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle - ICM, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Béranger
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche CENIR, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle - ICM, Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Brochard
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique 14-22, INSERM/AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Constance Flamand-Roze
- IFPPC, Centre CAMKeys, 7 rue des Cordelières, Paris, France.,Service de Neurologie, Unité Cardiovasculaire, Centre Hospitalier Sud-Francilien, Université Paris-Sud, Corbeille-Essonne, France
| | - Oriane Trouillard
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Cécilia Bonnet
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Bertrand Degos
- Département de Neurologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Hubsch
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Hainque
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Golmard
- Département de biostatistiques, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche CENIR, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle - ICM, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Dusart
- Faculté des sciences, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Meunier
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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20
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Neva J, Brown K, Wadden K, Mang C, Borich M, Meehan S, Boyd L. The effects of five sessions of continuous theta burst stimulation over contralesional sensorimotor cortex paired with paretic skilled motor practice in people with chronic stroke. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2019; 37:273-290. [PMID: 31227676 PMCID: PMC7886006 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-190916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In individuals with chronic stroke, impairment of the paretic arm may be exacerbated by increased contralesional transcallosal inhibition (TCI). Continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) can decrease primary motor cortex (M1) excitability and TCI. However, contralesional cTBS shows inconsistent effects after stroke. Variable effects of cTBS could stem from failure to pair stimulation with skilled motor practice or a focus of applying cTBS over M1. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigated the effects of pairing cTBS with skilled practice on motor learning and arm function. We considered the differential effects of stimulation over two different brain regions: contralesional M1 (M1c) or contralesional primary somatosensory cortex (S1c). METHODS 37 individuals with chronic stroke participated in five sessions of cTBS and paretic arm skilled practice of a serial targeting task (STT); participants received either cTBS over M1c or S1c or sham before STT practice. Changes in STT performance and Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) were assessed as primary outcomes. Assessment of bilateral corticospinal, intracortical excitability and TCI were secondary outcomes. RESULTS cTBS over sensorimotor cortex did not improve STT performance and paretic WMFT-rate beyond sham cTBS. TCI was reduced bi-directionally following the intervention, regardless of stimulation group. In addition, we observed an association between STT performance change and paretic WMFT-rate change in the M1c stimulation group only. CONCLUSIONS Multiple sessions of STT practice can improve paretic arm function and decrease TCI bilaterally, with no additional benefit of prior cTBS. Our results suggest that improvement in STT practice following M1c cTBS scaled with change in paretic arm function in some individuals. Our results highlight the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of cTBS to effectively identify who may benefit from this form of brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.L. Neva
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - K.E. Brown
- Graduate Studies in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Canada
| | - K.P. Wadden
- Graduate Studies in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Canada
| | - C.S. Mang
- Graduate Studies in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Canada
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - M.R. Borich
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S.K. Meehan
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - L.A. Boyd
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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21
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McGregor KM, Crosson B, Mammino K, Omar J, García PS, Nocera JR. Influences of 12-Week Physical Activity Interventions on TMS Measures of Cortical Network Inhibition and Upper Extremity Motor Performance in Older Adults-A Feasibility Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 9:422. [PMID: 29354049 PMCID: PMC5758495 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Data from previous cross-sectional studies have shown that an increased level of physical fitness is associated with improved motor dexterity across the lifespan. In addition, physical fitness is positively associated with increased laterality of cortical function during unimanual tasks; indicating that sedentary aging is associated with a loss of interhemispheric inhibition affecting motor performance. The present study employed exercise interventions in previously sedentary older adults to compare motor dexterity and measure of interhemispheric inhibition using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) after the interventions. Methods: Twenty-one community-dwelling, reportedly sedentary older adults were recruited, randomized and enrolled to a 12-week aerobic exercise group or a 12-week non-aerobic exercise balance condition. The aerobic condition was comprised of an interval-based cycling "spin" activity, while the non-aerobic "balance" exercise condition involved balance and stretching activities. Participants completed upper extremity dexterity batteries and estimates of VO2max in addition to undergoing single (ipsilateral silent period-iSP) and paired-pulse interhemispheric inhibition (ppIHI) in separate assessment sessions before and after study interventions. After each intervention during which heart rate was continuously recorded to measure exertion level (load), participants crossed over into the alternate arm of the study for an additional 12-week intervention period in an AB/BA design with no washout period. Results: After the interventions, regardless of intervention order, participants in the aerobic spin condition showed higher estimated VO2max levels after the 12-week intervention as compared to estimated VO2max in the non-aerobic balance intervention. After controlling for carryover effects due to the study design, participants in the spin condition showed longer iSP duration than the balance condition. Heart rate load was more strongly correlated with silent period duration after the Spin condition than estimated VO2. Conclusions: Aging-related changes in cortical inhibition may be influenced by 12-week physical activity interventions when assessed with the iSP. Although inhibitory signaling is mediates both ppIHI and iSP measures each TMS modality likely employs distinct inhibitory networks, potentially differentially affected by aging. Changes in inhibitory function after physical activity interventions may be associated with improved dexterity and motor control at least as evidence from this feasibility study show.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith M. McGregor
- VA Rehabilitation R&D Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bruce Crosson
- VA Rehabilitation R&D Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kevin Mammino
- VA Rehabilitation R&D Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Javier Omar
- VA Rehabilitation R&D Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Paul S. García
- VA Rehabilitation R&D Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Joe R. Nocera
- VA Rehabilitation R&D Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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22
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Duque J, Greenhouse I, Labruna L, Ivry RB. Physiological Markers of Motor Inhibition during Human Behavior. Trends Neurosci 2017; 40:219-236. [PMID: 28341235 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies in humans have shown that many behaviors engage processes that suppress excitability within the corticospinal tract. Inhibition of the motor output pathway has been extensively studied in the context of action stopping, where a planned movement needs to be abruptly aborted. Recent TMS work has also revealed markers of motor inhibition during the preparation of movement. Here, we review the evidence for motor inhibition during action stopping and action preparation, focusing on studies that have used TMS to monitor changes in the excitability of the corticospinal pathway. We discuss how these physiological results have motivated theoretical models of how the brain selects actions, regulates movement initiation and execution, and switches from one state to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Duque
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ian Greenhouse
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ludovica Labruna
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Richard B Ivry
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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