1
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Veith J, Chaigne T, Svanidze A, Dressler LE, Hoffmann M, Gerhardt B, Judkewitz B. The mechanism for directional hearing in fish. Nature 2024; 631:118-124. [PMID: 38898274 PMCID: PMC11222163 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07507-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Locating sound sources such as prey or predators is critical for survival in many vertebrates. Terrestrial vertebrates locate sources by measuring the time delay and intensity difference of sound pressure at each ear1-5. Underwater, however, the physics of sound makes interaural cues very small, suggesting that directional hearing in fish should be nearly impossible6. Yet, directional hearing has been confirmed behaviourally, although the mechanisms have remained unknown for decades. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this remarkable ability, including the possibility that fish evolved an extreme sensitivity to minute interaural differences or that fish might compare sound pressure with particle motion signals7,8. However, experimental challenges have long hindered a definitive explanation. Here we empirically test these models in the transparent teleost Danionella cerebrum, one of the smallest vertebrates9,10. By selectively controlling pressure and particle motion, we dissect the sensory algorithm underlying directional acoustic startles. We find that both cues are indispensable for this behaviour and that their relative phase controls its direction. Using micro-computed tomography and optical vibrometry, we further show that D. cerebrum has the sensory structures to implement this mechanism. D. cerebrum shares these structures with more than 15% of living vertebrate species, suggesting a widespread mechanism for inferring sound direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Veith
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Chaigne
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Med, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Ana Svanidze
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Elisa Dressler
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hoffmann
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ben Gerhardt
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Judkewitz
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Schuppe ER, Zhang MD, Perelmuter JT, Marchaterre MA, Bass AH. Oxytocin-like receptor expression in evolutionarily conserved nodes of a vocal network associated with male courtship in a teleost fish. J Comp Neurol 2021; 530:903-922. [PMID: 34614539 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides, including oxytocin-like peptides, are a conserved group of hormones that regulate a wide range of social behaviors, including vocal communication. In the current study, we evaluate whether putative brain sites for the actions of isotocin (IT), the oxytocin (OT) homolog of teleost fishes are associated with vocal courtship and circuitry in the plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus). During the breeding season, nesting males produce advertisement calls known as "hums" to acoustically court females at night and attract them to nests. We first identify IT receptor (ITR) mRNA in evolutionarily conserved regions of the forebrain preoptic area (POA), anterior hypothalamus (AH), and midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG), and in two topographically separate populations within the hindbrain vocal pattern generator- duration-coding vocal prepacemaker (VPP) and amplitude-coding vocal motor nuclei (VMN) that also innervate vocal muscles. We also verify that ITR expression overlaps known distribution sites of OT-like immunoreactive fibers. Next, using phosphorylated ribosomal subunit 6 (pS6) as a marker for activated neurons, we demonstrate that ITR-containing neurons in the anterior parvocellular POA, AH, PAG, VPP, and VMN are activated in humming males. Posterior parvocellular and magno/gigantocellular divisions of the POA remain constitutively active in nonhumming males that are also in a reproductive state. Together with prior studies of midshipman fish and other vertebrates, our findings suggest that IT-signaling influences male courtship behavior, in part, by acting on brain regions that broadly influence behavioral state (POA) as well as the initiation (POA and PAG) and temporal structure (VPP and VMN) of advertisement hums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Schuppe
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Melissa D Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Andrew H Bass
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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3
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Hardy K, Amariutei AE, De Faveri F, Hendry A, Marcotti W, Ceriani F. Functional development and regeneration of hair cells in the zebrafish lateral line. J Physiol 2021; 599:3913-3936. [PMID: 34143497 PMCID: PMC7612129 DOI: 10.1113/jp281522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair cells are mechanosensory receptors responsible for transducing auditory and vestibular information into electrical signals, which are then transmitted with remarkable precision to afferent neurons. Different from mammals, the hair cells of lower vertebrates, including those present in the neuromasts of the zebrafish lateral line, regenerate following environmental or chemical insults. Here we investigate the time-course of regeneration of hair cells in vivo using electrophysiology, 2-photon imaging and immunostaining applied to wild-type and genetically-encoded fluorescent indicator zebrafish lines. Functional hair cells drive spontaneous action potentials in the posterior lateral line afferent fibres, the frequency of which progressively increases over the first 10-days post-fertilization (dpf). Higher firing-rate fibres are only observed from ~6 dpf. Following copper treatment, newly formed hair cells become functional and are able to drive APs in the afferent fibres within 48 hours in both early-larval (≤8 dpf) and late-larval (12-17 dpf) zebrafish. However, the complete functional regeneration of the entire neuromast is delayed in late-larval compared to early-larval zebrafish. We propose that while individual regenerating hair cells can rapidly become active, the acquisition of fully functional neuromasts progresses faster at early-larval stages, a time when hair cells are still under development. At both ages, the afferent terminals in the regenerating neuromast appear to make initial contact with supporting cells. The ablation of the lateral line afferent neurons prevents the timely regeneration of supporting cells and hair cells. These findings indicate that the afferent system is likely to facilitate or promote the neuromast regeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Hardy
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ana E Amariutei
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Aenea Hendry
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Walter Marcotti
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Sheffield Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Federico Ceriani
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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4
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Jung J, Kim SJ, Pérez Arias SM, McDaniel JG, Warkentin KM. How do red-eyed treefrog embryos sense motion in predator attacks? Assessing the role of vestibular mechanoreception. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.206052. [PMID: 31586019 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.206052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The widespread ability to alter timing of hatching in response to environmental cues can serve as a defense against threats to eggs. Arboreal embryos of red-eyed treefrogs, Agalychnis callidryas, can hatch up to 30% prematurely to escape predation. This escape-hatching response is cued by physical disturbance of eggs during attacks, including vibrations or motion, and thus depends critically on mechanosensory ability. Predator-induced hatching appears later in development than flooding-induced, hypoxia-cued hatching; thus, its onset is not constrained by the development of hatching ability. It may, instead, reflect the development of mechanosensor function. We hypothesize that vestibular mechanoreception mediates escape-hatching in snake attacks, and that the developmental period when hatching-competent embryos fail to flee from snakes reflects a sensory constraint. We assessed the ontogenetic congruence of escape-hatching responses and an indicator of vestibular function, the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), in three ways. First, we measured VOR in two developmental series of embryos 3-7 days old to compare with the published ontogeny of escape success in attacks. Second, during the period of greatest variation in VOR and escape success, we compared hatching responses and VOR across sibships. Finally, in developmental series, we compared the response of individual embryos to a simulated attack cue with their VOR. The onset of VOR and hatching responses were largely concurrent at all three scales. Moreover, latency to hatch in simulated attacks decreased with increasing VOR. These results are consistent with a key role of the vestibular system in the escape-hatching response of A. callidryas embryos to attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Jung
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Su J Kim
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sonia M Pérez Arias
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - James G McDaniel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Karen M Warkentin
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Gamboa Laboratory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panamá, República de Panamá
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5
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The use of evoked potentials to determine sensory sub-modality contributions to acoustic and hydrodynamic sensing. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2019; 205:855-865. [PMID: 31686133 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-019-01371-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Both the lateral line and the inner ear contribute to near-field dipole source detection in fish. The precise roles these two sensory modalities provide in extracting information about the flow field remain of interest. In this study, evoked potentials (EP, 30-200 Hz) for blind Mexican cavefish were measured in response to a dipole source. Greatest sensitivity was observed at the lower and upper ends of the tested frequency range. To evaluate the relative contributions of the lateral line and inner ear, we measured the effects of neomycin on EP response characteristics at 40 Hz, and used the vital dye DASPEI to verify neuromast ablation. Neomycin increased the latency of the EP response up until 60 min post-treatment. DASPEI results confirmed that neuromast hair cell death was significant in treated fish over this timeframe. These results indicate that the inner ear, whether it is sound pressure or particle motion detection, makes a significant contribution to the dipole-induced EP in blind cavefish at near-field low frequencies where the lateral line contribution would be expected to be strongest. The results from this study imply that under some circumstances, lateral line function could be complemented by the inner ear.
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6
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Tripp JA, Bass AH. Galanin immunoreactivity is sexually polymorphic in neuroendocrine and vocal-acoustic systems in a teleost fish. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:433-452. [PMID: 31469908 PMCID: PMC10128891 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Galanin is a peptide that regulates pituitary hormone release, feeding, and reproductive and parental care behaviors. In teleost fish, increased galanin expression is associated with territorial, reproductively active males. Prior transcriptome studies of the plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus), a highly vocal teleost fish with two male morphs that follow alternative reproductive tactics, show that galanin is upregulated in the preoptic area-anterior hypothalamus (POA-AH) of nest-holding, courting type I males during spawning compared to cuckolding type II males. Here, we investigate possible differences in galanin immunoreactivity in the brain of both male morphs and females with a focus on vocal-acoustic and neuroendocrine networks. We find that females differ dramatically from both male morphs in the number of galanin-expressing somata and in the distribution of fibers, especially in brainstem vocal-acoustic nuclei and other sensory integration sites that also differ, though less extensively, between the male morphs. Double labeling shows that primarily separate populations of POA-AH neurons express galanin and the nonapeptides arginine-vasotocin or isotocin, homologues of mammalian arginine vasopressin and oxytocin that are broadly implicated in neural mechanisms of vertebrate social behavior including morph-specific actions on vocal neurophysiology in midshipman. Finally, we report a small population of POA-AH neurons that coexpress galanin and the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid. Together, the results indicate that galanin neurons in midshipman fish likely modulate brain activity at a broad scale, including targeted effects on vocal motor, sensory and neuroendocrine systems; are unique from nonapeptide-expressing populations; and play a role in male-specific behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A Tripp
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Andrew H Bass
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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7
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de Freitas Silva FW, da Silva SLEF, Henriques MVC, Corso G. Using fish lateral line sensing to improve seismic acquisition and processing. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213847. [PMID: 30990818 PMCID: PMC6467369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioengineering, which studies the principles and design of biological systems, is a field that has inspired the development of several technologies that are currently in use. In this work, we use concepts from the fish lateral line sensing mechanism and apply them to seismic imaging processing. The lateral line is a sensory system composed of an integrated array of mechanical sensors spanning along the fish body. We compare the array of sensors along body fish with the seismic acquisition, which employs an array of equally spaced identical mechanical sensors to image the Earth’s subsurface. In both situations, the mechanical sensors capture and process mechanical vibrations from the environment to produce useful information. We explore the strategy of using the low-pass and high-pass sensors schema of fish lateral line to improve the seismic technique. We use the full-wave inversion method to compare the conventional acquisition procedure of identical sensors with alternative sets of different sensors, which mimics the fish lateral line. Our results show that the alternate sensors arrangement surpasses the performance of the conventional acquisition method, using just half of the input information. The results point at an image processing technique that is computationally more efficient and economical than the usual seismic processing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franscisco Wilton de Freitas Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Petróleo, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Vinícius Cândido Henriques
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia da Informação, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Angicos, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Corso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Petróleo, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Departmento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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8
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Feng NY, Marchaterre MA, Bass AH. Melatonin receptor expression in vocal, auditory, and neuroendocrine centers of a highly vocal fish, the plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus). J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:1362-1377. [PMID: 30620047 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin plays a central role in entraining activity to the day-night cycle in vertebrates. Here, we investigate neuroanatomical substrates of melatonin-dependent vocal-acoustic behavior in the nocturnal and highly vocal teleost fish, the plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus). Using in situ hybridization (ISH) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), we assess the mRNA distribution and transcript abundance of melatonin receptor subtype 1B (mel1b), shown to be important for vocalization in midshipman fish and songbirds. ISH shows robust mel1b expression in major nodes of the central vocal and auditory networks in the subpallium, preoptic area (POA), anterior hypothalamus, dorsal thalamus, posterior tuberculum, midbrain torus semicircularis and periaqueductal gray, and hindbrain. Mel1b label is also abundant in secondary targets of the olfactory, visual, and lateral line systems, as well as telencephalic regions that have been compared to the amygdala, extended amygdala, striatum, septum, and hippocampus of tetrapods. Q-PCR corroborates mel1b abundance throughout the brain and shows significant increases in the morning compared with nighttime in tissue samples inclusive of the telencephalon and POA, but remains stable in other brain regions. Plasma melatonin levels show expected increase at night. Our findings support the hypothesis that melatonin's stimulatory effects on vocal-acoustic mechanisms in midshipman is mediated, in part, by melatonin binding in vocal, auditory, and neuroendocrine centers. Together with robust mel1b expression in multiple telencephalic nuclei and sensory systems, the results further indicate an expression pattern comparable to that in birds and mammals that is indicative of melatonin's broad involvement in the modulation of physiology and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Y Feng
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | | | - Andrew H Bass
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.,Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay, California
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9
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Haehnel-Taguchi M, Akanyeti O, Liao JC. Behavior, Electrophysiology, and Robotics Experiments to Study Lateral Line Sensing in Fishes. Integr Comp Biol 2018; 58:874-883. [PMID: 29982706 PMCID: PMC6204992 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icy066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The lateral line system is a sensory system unique to fishes and amphibians. It is composed of distributed mechanosensory hair cell organs on the head and body (neuromasts), which are sensitive to pressure gradients and water movements. Over the last decade, we have pursued an interdisciplinary approach by combining behavioral, electrophysiology, and robotics experiments to study this fascinating sensory system. In behavioral and electrophysiology experiments, we have studied the larval lateral line system in the model genetic organism, zebrafish (Danio rerio). We found that the lateral line system, even in 5-day-old larvae, is involved in an array of behaviors that are critical to survival, and the deflection of a single neuromast can elicit a swimming response. In robotics experiments, we used a range of physical models with distributed pressure sensors to better understand the hydrodynamic environments from the local perspective of a fish or robot. So far, our efforts have focused on extracting control-related information for a range of application scenarios including characterizing unsteady flows such as Kármán vortex streets for station holding. We also used robot models to test biological hypotheses on how morphology and movement of fishes affect lateral line sensing. Overall, with this review we aim to increase the visibility and accessibility of this multi-disciplinary research approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Haehnel-Taguchi
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg, Hauptstraße 1, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Otar Akanyeti
- Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth SY23 3FL, UK
| | - James C Liao
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, Department of Biology, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL 32080, USA
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10
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Bose APH, Cogliati KM, Luymes N, Bass AH, Marchaterre MA, Sisneros JA, Bolker BM, Balshine S. Phenotypic traits and resource quality as factors affecting male reproductive success in a toadfish. Behav Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ary002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh P H Bose
- Aquatic Behavioural Ecology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen M Cogliati
- Aquatic Behavioural Ecology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nick Luymes
- Aquatic Behavioural Ecology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew H Bass
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | - Joseph A Sisneros
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Benjamin M Bolker
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sigal Balshine
- Aquatic Behavioural Ecology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Cardinal EA, Radford CA, Mensinger AF. The potential for the anterior lateral line to function for sound localization in toadfish (Opsanus tau). J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb.180679. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.180679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Male oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau) acoustically attract females to nesting sites using a boatwhistle call. The rapid speed of sound underwater combined with the close proximity of the otolithic organs makes inner ear interaural time differences an unlikely mechanism to localize sound. To determine the role that the mechanosensory lateral line may play in sound localization, microwire electrodes were bilaterally implanted into the anterior lateral line nerve to record neural responses to vibrational stimuli. Highest spike rates and strongest phase-locking occurred at distances close to the fish and decreased as the stimulus was moved further from the fish. Bilateral anterior lateral line neuromasts displayed differential directional sensitivity to incoming vibrational stimuli, which suggests the potential for the lateral line to be used for sound localization in the near field. The present study also demonstrates that the spatially separated neuromasts of the toadfish may provide sufficient time delays between sensory organs for determining sound localization cues. Multimodal sensory input processing through both the inner ear (far field) and lateral line (near field) may allow for effective sound localization in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Cardinal
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- Biology Department, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Craig A. Radford
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand
| | - Allen F. Mensinger
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- Biology Department, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
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12
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Mensinger AF. Multimodal Sensory Input in the Utricle and Lateral Line of the Toadfish, Opsanus tau. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 877:271-89. [PMID: 26515319 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21059-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The utricular otolith and the mechanosensory lateral line of the toadfish, Opsanus tau, were investigated for sensitivity to multimodal sensory input by recording neural activity from free swimming fish. The utricle was sensitive to horizontal body movement, and displayed broad sensitivity to low frequency (80-200 Hz) sound. The lateral line was sensitive to water currents, swimming, prey movements, and sound with maximal sensitivity at 100 Hz. Both systems showed directional sensitivity to pure tones and toadfish vocalizations, indicating potential for sound localization. Thus, toadfish possess two hair cell based sensory systems that integrate information from disparate sources. However, swimming movements or predation strikes can saturate each system and it is unclear the effect that self-generated movement has on sensitivity. It is hypothesized that the toadfish's strategy of short distance swim movements allows it to sample the acoustical environment while static. Further study is needed to determine the integration of the two systems and if they are able to segregate and/or integrate multimodal sensory input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen F Mensinger
- Biology Department, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA. .,Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.
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13
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Zhang QX, He XJ, Wong HC, Kindt KS. Functional calcium imaging in zebrafish lateral-line hair cells. Methods Cell Biol 2016; 133:229-52. [PMID: 27263415 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sensory hair-cell development, function, and regeneration are fundamental processes that are challenging to study in mammalian systems. Zebrafish are an excellent alternative model to study hair cells because they have an external auxiliary organ called the lateral line. The hair cells of the lateral line are easily accessible, which makes them suitable for live, function-based fluorescence imaging. In this chapter, we describe methods to perform functional calcium imaging in zebrafish lateral-line hair cells. We compare genetically encoded calcium indicators that have been used previously to measure calcium in lateral-line hair cells. We also outline equipment required for calcium imaging and compare different imaging systems. Lastly, we discuss how to set up optimal imaging parameters and how to process and visualize calcium signals. Overall, using these methods, in vivo calcium imaging is a powerful tool to examine sensory hair-cell function in an intact organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q X Zhang
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - X J He
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - H C Wong
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - K S Kindt
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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14
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Higgs DM, Radford CA. The Potential Overlapping Roles of the Ear and Lateral Line in Driving “Acoustic” Responses. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 877:255-70. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21059-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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15
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Neuroanatomical Evidence for Catecholamines as Modulators of Audition and Acoustic Behavior in a Vocal Teleost. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 877:439-75. [PMID: 26515325 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21059-9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus) is a well-studied model to understand the neural and endocrine mechanisms underlying vocal-acoustic communication across vertebrates. It is well established that steroid hormones such as estrogen drive seasonal peripheral auditory plasticity in female Porichthys in order to better encode the male's advertisement call. However, little is known of the neural substrates that underlie the motivation and coordinated behavioral response to auditory social signals. Catecholamines, which include dopamine and noradrenaline, are good candidates for this function, as they are thought to modulate the salience of and reinforce appropriate behavior to socially relevant stimuli. This chapter summarizes our recent studies which aimed to characterize catecholamine innervation in the central and peripheral auditory system of Porichthys as well as test the hypotheses that innervation of the auditory system is seasonally plastic and catecholaminergic neurons are activated in response to conspecific vocalizations. Of particular significance is the discovery of direct dopaminergic innervation of the saccule, the main hearing end organ, by neurons in the diencephalon, which also robustly innervate the cholinergic auditory efferent nucleus in the hindbrain. Seasonal changes in dopamine innervation in both these areas appear dependent on reproductive state in females and may ultimately function to modulate the sensitivity of the peripheral auditory system as an adaptation to the seasonally changing soundscape. Diencephalic dopaminergic neurons are indeed active in response to exposure to midshipman vocalizations and are in a perfect position to integrate the detection and appropriate motor response to conspecific acoustic signals for successful reproduction.
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Forlano PM, Maruska KP, Sisneros JA, Bass AH. Hormone-Dependent Plasticity of Auditory Systems in Fishes. HEARING AND HORMONES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26597-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Acoustic Communication in Butterflyfishes: Anatomical Novelties, Physiology, Evolution, and Behavioral Ecology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 877:57-92. [PMID: 26515311 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21059-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Coral reef fishes live in noisy environments that may challenge their capacity for acoustic communication. Butterflyfishes (Family Chaetodontidae) are prominent and ecologically diverse members of coral reef communities worldwide. The discovery of a novel association of anterior swim bladder horns with the lateral line canal system in the genus Chaetodon (the laterophysic connection) revealed a putative adaptation for enhancement of sound reception by the lateral line system and/or the ear. Behavioral studies show that acoustic communication is an important component of butterflyfish social behavior. All bannerfish (Forcipiger, Heniochus, and Hemitaurichthys) and Chaetodon species studied thus far produce several sound types at frequencies of <1 to >1000 Hz. Ancestral character state analyses predict the existence of both shared (head bob) and divergent (tail slap) acoustic behaviors in these two clades. Experimental auditory physiology shows that butterflyfishes are primarily sensitive to stimuli associated with hydrodynamic particle accelerations of ≤500 Hz. In addition, the gas-filled swim bladder horns in Chaetodon are stimulated by sound pressure, which enhances and extends their auditory sensitivity to 1700-2000 Hz. The broadband spectrum of ambient noise present on coral reefs overlaps with the frequency characteristics of their sounds, thus both the close social affiliations common among butterflyfishes and the evolution of the swim bladder horns in Chaetodon facilitate their short-range acoustic communication. Butterflyfishes provide a unique and unexpected opportunity to carry out studies of fish bioacoustics in the lab and the field that integrate the study of sensory anatomy, physiology, evolution, and behavioral ecology.
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Forlano PM, Ghahramani ZN, Monestime CM, Kurochkin P, Chernenko A, Milkis D. Catecholaminergic innervation of central and peripheral auditory circuitry varies with reproductive state in female midshipman fish, Porichthys notatus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121914. [PMID: 25849450 PMCID: PMC4388377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In seasonal breeding vertebrates, hormone regulation of catecholamines, which include dopamine and noradrenaline, may function, in part, to modulate behavioral responses to conspecific vocalizations. However, natural seasonal changes in catecholamine innervation of auditory nuclei is largely unexplored, especially in the peripheral auditory system, where encoding of social acoustic stimuli is initiated. The plainfin midshipman fish, Porichthys notatus, has proven to be an excellent model to explore mechanisms underlying seasonal peripheral auditory plasticity related to reproductive social behavior. Recently, we demonstrated robust catecholaminergic (CA) innervation throughout the auditory system in midshipman. Most notably, dopaminergic neurons in the diencephalon have widespread projections to auditory circuitry including direct innervation of the saccule, the main endorgan of hearing, and the cholinergic octavolateralis efferent nucleus (OE) which also projects to the inner ear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that gravid, reproductive summer females show differential CA innervation of the auditory system compared to non-reproductive winter females. We utilized quantitative immunofluorescence to measure tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH-ir) fiber density throughout central auditory nuclei and the sensory epithelium of the saccule. Reproductive females exhibited greater density of TH-ir innervation in two forebrain areas including the auditory thalamus and greater density of TH-ir on somata and dendrites of the OE. In contrast, non-reproductive females had greater numbers of TH-ir terminals in the saccule and greater TH-ir fiber density in a region of the auditory hindbrain as well as greater numbers of TH-ir neurons in the preoptic area. These data provide evidence that catecholamines may function, in part, to seasonally modulate the sensitivity of the inner ear and, in turn, the appropriate behavioral response to reproductive acoustic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Forlano
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
- Program in Neuroscience, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States of America
- Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States of America
- Program in Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States of America
- Aquatic Research and Environmental Assessment Center, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Zachary N. Ghahramani
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
- Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Camillia M. Monestime
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Philip Kurochkin
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Alena Chernenko
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Dmitriy Milkis
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
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Tricas TC, Boyle KS. Diversity and evolution of sound production in the social behavior of Chaetodon butterflyfishes. J Exp Biol 2015; 218:1572-84. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.114256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fish produce context-specific sounds during social communication but it is not known how acoustic behaviors have evolved in relation to specializations of the auditory system. Butterflyfishes (family Chaetodontidae) have a well-defined phylogeny and produce pulsed communication sounds during social interactions on coral reefs. Recent work indicates two sound production mechanisms exist in the bannerfish clade and others for one species in the Chaetodon clade which is distinguished by an auditory specialization, the laterophysic connection (LC). We determine the kinematic action patterns associated with sound production during social interactions in four Chaetodon subgenera and the non-laterophysic Forcipiger. Some Chaetodon species share the head bob acoustic behavior with Forcipiger which along with other sounds in the 100-1000 Hz spectrum are likely adequate to stimulate the ear, swim bladder or LC of a receiver fish. In contrast, only Chaetodon produced the tail slap sound which involves a 1-30 Hz hydrodynamic pulse that likely stimulates the receiver's ear and lateral line at close distances, but neither the swim bladder nor LC. Reconstructions of ancestral character states appear equivocal for the head bob and divergent for the tail slap acoustic behaviors. Independent contrast analysis shows a correlation between sound duration and stimulus intensity characters. The intensity of the tail slap and body pulse sound in Chaeotodon is correlated with body size and can provide honest communication signals. Future studies on fish acoustic communication should investigate low frequency and infrasound acoustic fields to understand the integrated function of the ear and lateral line, and their evolutionary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Tricas
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii, 2538 The Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 USA
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744 USA
| | - Kelly S. Boyle
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii, 2538 The Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 USA
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744 USA
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Levi R, Akanyeti O, Ballo A, Liao JC. Frequency response properties of primary afferent neurons in the posterior lateral line system of larval zebrafish. J Neurophysiol 2014; 113:657-68. [PMID: 25355959 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00414.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of fishes to detect water flow with the neuromasts of their lateral line system depends on the physiology of afferent neurons as well as the hydrodynamic environment. Using larval zebrafish (Danio rerio), we measured the basic response properties of primary afferent neurons to mechanical deflections of individual superficial neuromasts. We used two types of stimulation protocols. First, we used sine wave stimulation to characterize the response properties of the afferent neurons. The average frequency-response curve was flat across stimulation frequencies between 0 and 100 Hz, matching the filtering properties of a displacement detector. Spike rate increased asymptotically with frequency, and phase locking was maximal between 10 and 60 Hz. Second, we used pulse train stimulation to analyze the maximum spike rate capabilities. We found that afferent neurons could generate up to 80 spikes/s and could follow a pulse train stimulation rate of up to 40 pulses/s in a reliable and precise manner. Both sine wave and pulse stimulation protocols indicate that an afferent neuron can maintain their evoked activity for longer durations at low stimulation frequencies than at high frequencies. We found one type of afferent neuron based on spontaneous activity patterns and discovered a correlation between the level of spontaneous and evoked activity. Overall, our results establish the baseline response properties of lateral line primary afferent neurons in larval zebrafish, which is a crucial step in understanding how vertebrate mechanoreceptive systems sense and subsequently process information from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Levi
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, Department of Biology, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida
| | - Otar Akanyeti
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, Department of Biology, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida
| | - Aleksander Ballo
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, Department of Biology, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida
| | - James C Liao
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, Department of Biology, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida
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21
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Forlano PM, Kim SD, Krzyminska ZM, Sisneros JA. Catecholaminergic connectivity to the inner ear, central auditory, and vocal motor circuitry in the plainfin midshipman fish porichthys notatus. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:2887-927. [PMID: 24715479 PMCID: PMC4107124 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Although the neuroanatomical distribution of catecholaminergic (CA) neurons has been well documented across all vertebrate classes, few studies have examined CA connectivity to physiologically and anatomically identified neural circuitry that controls behavior. The goal of this study was to characterize CA distribution in the brain and inner ear of the plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus) with particular emphasis on their relationship with anatomically labeled circuitry that both produces and encodes social acoustic signals in this species. Neurobiotin labeling of the main auditory end organ, the saccule, combined with tyrosine hydroxylase immunofluorescence (TH-ir) revealed a strong CA innervation of both the peripheral and central auditory system. Diencephalic TH-ir neurons in the periventricular posterior tuberculum, known to be dopaminergic, send ascending projections to the ventral telencephalon and prominent descending projections to vocal-acoustic integration sites, notably the hindbrain octavolateralis efferent nucleus, as well as onto the base of hair cells in the saccule via nerve VIII. Neurobiotin backfills of the vocal nerve in combination with TH-ir revealed CA terminals on all components of the vocal pattern generator, which appears to largely originate from local TH-ir neurons but may include input from diencephalic projections as well. This study provides strong neuroanatomical evidence that catecholamines are important modulators of both auditory and vocal circuitry and acoustic-driven social behavior in midshipman fish. This demonstration of TH-ir terminals in the main end organ of hearing in a nonmammalian vertebrate suggests a conserved and important anatomical and functional role for dopamine in normal audition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Forlano
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210
- Programs in Neuroscience, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, and Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210
- Aquatic Research and Environmental Assessment Center, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Spencer D. Kim
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210
| | - Zuzanna M. Krzyminska
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210
| | - Joseph A. Sisneros
- Departments of Psychology and Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, Seattle
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
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Coffin AB, Zeddies DG, Fay RR, Brown AD, Alderks PW, Bhandiwad AA, Mohr RA, Gray MD, Rogers PH, Sisneros JA. Use of the swim bladder and lateral line in near-field sound source localization by fish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 217:2078-88. [PMID: 24675557 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.093831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the roles of the swim bladder and the lateral line system in sound localization behavior by the plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus). Reproductive female midshipman underwent either surgical deflation of the swim bladder or cryoablation of the lateral line and were then tested in a monopolar sound source localization task. Fish with nominally 'deflated' swim bladders performed similar to sham-deflated controls; however, post-experiment evaluation of swim bladder deflation revealed that a majority of 'deflated' fish (88%, seven of the eight fish) that exhibited positive phonotaxis had partially inflated swim bladders. In total, 95% (21/22) of fish that localized the source had at least partially inflated swim bladders, indicating that pressure reception is likely required for sound source localization. In lateral line experiments, no difference was observed in the proportion of females exhibiting positive phonotaxis with ablated (37%) versus sham-ablated (47%) lateral line systems. These data suggest that the lateral line system is likely not required for sound source localization, although this system may be important for fine-tuning the approach to the sound source. We found that midshipman can solve the 180 deg ambiguity of source direction in the shallow water of our test tank, which is similar to their nesting environment. We also found that the potential directional cues (phase relationship between pressure and particle motion) in shallow water differs from a theoretical free-field. Therefore, the general question of how fish use acoustic pressure cues to solve the 180 deg ambiguity of source direction from the particle motion vector remains unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B Coffin
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | | | - Richard R Fay
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Andrew D Brown
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Peter W Alderks
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ashwin A Bhandiwad
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Robert A Mohr
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael D Gray
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Peter H Rogers
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Joseph A Sisneros
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Radford CA, Mensinger AF. Anterior lateral line nerve encoding to tones and play back vocalisations in free swimming oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau. J Exp Biol 2014; 217:1570-9. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.092510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the underwater environment, sound propagates both as a pressure wave and particle motion, with particle motions dominating close to the source. At the receptor level, the fish ear and the neuromast hair cells act as displacement detectors, and both are potentially stimulated by the particle motion component of sound. The encoding of the anterior lateral line nerve to acoustic stimuli in freely behaving oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau, was examined. Nerve sensitivity and directional responses were determined using spike rate and vector strength analysis, a measure of phase-locking of spike times to the stimulus waveform. All units showed greatest sensitivity to 100 Hz stimulus. While sensitivity was independent of stimulus orientation, the neuron's ability to phase-lock was correlated with stimuli origin. Two different types of units were classified, Type 1 (tonic), and Type 2 (phasic). The Type 1 fibers were further classified into two sub-types based on their frequency response (Type 1-1 and Type 1-2), which was hypothesised to be related to canal (Type 1-1) and superficial (Type 1-2) neuromast innervation. Lateral line units also exhibited sensitivity and phase locking to boatwhistle vocalisations, with greatest spike rates exhibited at the onset of the call. These results provide direct evidence that oyster toadfish can use their lateral line to detect behaviourally relevant acoustic stimuli, which could provide a sensory pathway to aid in sound source localisation.
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24
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Giassi ACC, Duarte TT, Ellis W, Maler L. Organization of the gymnotiform fish pallium in relation to learning and memory: II. Extrinsic connections. J Comp Neurol 2013; 520:3338-68. [PMID: 22430442 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the extrinsic connections of the dorsal telencephalon (pallium) of gymnotiform fish. We show that the afferents to the dorsolateral and dorsomedial pallial subdivisions of gymnotiform fish arise from the preglomerular complex. The preglomerular complex receives input from four clearly distinct regions: (1) descending input from the pallium itself (dorsomedial and dorsocentral subdivisions and nucleus taenia); (2) other diencephalic nuclei (centroposterior, glomerular, and anterior tuberal nuclei and nucleus of the posterior tuberculum); (3) mesencephalic sensory structures (optic tectum, dorsal and ventral torus semicircularis); and (4) basal forebrain, preoptic area, and hypothalamic nuclei. Previous studies have implicated the majority of the diencephalic and mesencephalic nuclei in electrosensory, visual, and acousticolateral functions. Here we discuss the implications of preglomerular/pallial electrosensory-associated afferents with respect to a major functional dichotomy of the electric sense. The results allow us to hypothesize that a functional distinction between electrocommunication vs. electrolocation is maintained within the input and output pathways of the gymnotiform pallium. Electrocommunication information is conveyed to the pallium through complex indirect pathways that originate in the nucleus electrosensorius, whereas electrolocation processing follows a conservative pathway inherent to all vertebrates, through the optic tectum. We hypothesize that cells responsive to communication signals do not converge onto the same targets in the preglomerular complex as cells responsive to moving objects. We also hypothesize that efferents from the dorsocentral (DC) telencephalon project to the dorsal torus semicircularis to regulate processing of electrocommunication signals, whereas DC efferents to the tectum modulate sensory control of movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C C Giassi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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25
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Morphological Diversity, Development, and Evolution of the Mechanosensory Lateral Line System. SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF AUDITORY RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/2506_2013_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Central Processing of Lateral Line Information. SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF AUDITORY RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/2506_2013_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Vasconcelos RO, Sisneros JA, Amorim MCP, Fonseca PJ. Auditory saccular sensitivity of the vocal Lusitanian toadfish: low frequency tuning allows acoustic communication throughout the year. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2011; 197:903-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00359-011-0651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Forlano PM, Marchaterre M, Deitcher DL, Bass AH. Distribution of androgen receptor mRNA expression in vocal, auditory, and neuroendocrine circuits in a teleost fish. J Comp Neurol 2010; 518:493-512. [PMID: 20020540 DOI: 10.1002/cne.22233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Across all major vertebrate groups, androgen receptors (ARs) have been identified in neural circuits that shape reproductive-related behaviors, including vocalization. The vocal control network of teleost fishes presents an archetypal example of how a vertebrate nervous system produces social, context-dependent sounds. We cloned a partial cDNA of AR that was used to generate specific probes to localize AR expression throughout the central nervous system of the vocal plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus). In the forebrain, AR mRNA is abundant in proposed homologs of the mammalian striatum and amygdala, and in anterior and posterior parvocellular and magnocellular nuclei of the preoptic area, nucleus preglomerulosus, and posterior, ventral and anterior tuberal nuclei of the hypothalamus. Many of these nuclei are part of the known vocal and auditory circuitry in midshipman. The midbrain periaqueductal gray, an essential link between forebrain and hindbrain vocal circuitry, and the lateral line recipient nucleus medialis in the rostral hindbrain also express abundant AR mRNA. In the caudal hindbrain-spinal vocal circuit, high AR mRNA is found in the vocal prepacemaker nucleus and along the dorsal periphery of the vocal motor nucleus congruent with the known pattern of expression of aromatase-containing glial cells. Additionally, abundant AR mRNA expression is shown for the first time in the inner ear of a vertebrate. The distribution of AR mRNA strongly supports the role of androgens as modulators of behaviorally defined vocal, auditory, and neuroendocrine circuits in teleost fish and vertebrates in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Forlano
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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29
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Rapo MA, Jiang H, Grosenbaugh MA, Coombs S. Using computational fluid dynamics to calculate the stimulus to the lateral line of a fish in still water. J Exp Biol 2009; 212:1494-505. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.026732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYThis paper presents the first computational fluid dynamics (CFD)simulations of viscous flow due to a small sphere vibrating near a fish, a configuration that is frequently used for experiments on dipole source localization by the lateral line. Both two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) meshes were constructed, reproducing a previously published account of a mottled sculpin approaching an artificial prey. Both the fish-body geometry and the sphere vibration were explicitly included in the simulations. For comparison purposes, calculations using potential flow theory (PFT) of a 3-D dipole without a fish body being present were also performed. Comparisons between the 2-D and 3-D CFD simulations showed that the 2-D calculations did not accurately represent the 3-D flow and therefore did not produce realistic results. The 3-D CFD simulations showed that the presence of the fish body perturbed the dipole source pressure field near the fish body, an effect that was obviously absent in the PFT calculations of the dipole alone. In spite of this discrepancy, the pressure-gradient patterns to the lateral line system calculated from 3-D CFD simulations and PFT were similar. Conversely, the velocity field, which acted on the superficial neuromasts (SNs), was altered by the oscillatory boundary layer that formed at the fish's skin due to the flow produced by the vibrating sphere (accounted for in CFD but not PFT). An analytical solution of an oscillatory boundary layer above a flat plate, which was validated with CFD, was used to represent the flow near the fish's skin and to calculate the detection thresholds of the SNs in terms of flow velocity and strain rate. These calculations show that the boundary layer effects can be important, especially when the height of the cupula is less than the oscillatory boundary layer's Stokes viscous length scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Rapo
- Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Houshuo Jiang
- Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Mark A. Grosenbaugh
- Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Sheryl Coombs
- Department of Biological Sciences and J. P. Scott Center for Neuroscience,Mind and Behavior, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43402,USA
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31
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Gelman S, Ayali A, Kiemel T, Sanovich E, Cohen AH. Metamorphosis-related changes in the lateral line system of lampreys, Petromyzon marinus. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2008; 194:945-56. [PMID: 18795304 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-008-0367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lamprey metamorphosis leads to considerable changes in morphology and behavior. We have recently reported that larval lampreys possess a functional lateral line system. Here we investigated metamorphic morphological changes in the lateral line system using light and electron microscopy. Functional modifications were studied by recording the trunk lateral line nerve activity of larvae and adults while stimulating neuromasts with approximately sinusoidal water motion. We found a general re-patterning of neuromasts on the head and trunk including an increase in numbers, redistribution within the pit lines, and shifts of the pit lines relative to external features. The trunk lateral line nerve response was qualitatively similar in adults and larvae. Both showed two neuronal populations responding to opposite directions of water flow. Magnitude of the response increased monotonically with stimulus amplitude. At low frequencies, the response lag relative to the stimulus maximum was approximately 220 degrees , and the gain depended approximately linearly on frequency, confirming that superficial neuromasts are velocity detectors. Changes in phase lag with increasing stimulus frequency were steeper in larvae, suggesting slower afferent conductance. The response gain with frequency was smaller for adults, suggesting a narrower frequency discrimination range and decreased sensitivity. These changes may be adaptations for the active lifestyle of adult lampreys.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gelman
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Peripheral and central processing of lateral line information. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2008; 194:145-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00359-007-0282-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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De Jong K, Bouton N, Slabbekoorn H. Azorean rock-pool blennies produce size-dependent calls in a courtship context. Anim Behav 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gelman S, Ayali A, Tytell ED, Cohen AH. Larval lampreys possess a functional lateral line system. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2006; 193:271-7. [PMID: 17119976 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-006-0183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Revised: 10/01/2006] [Accepted: 10/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Morphology of larval lampreys' neuromasts was found to be very similar to that of adults. Activity in the lateral line nerve, elicited by a vibrating ball, indicated a functional lateralis system. Analysis revealed at least two populations of afferents, responding to opposite directions of water flow, with adapting responses. The response magnitude increased monotonically with stimulus amplitude. Larval lampreys' neuromasts were less sensitive than those of teleosts. At low frequencies the response showed a phase lead of 200-220 degrees with respect to the maximum of the ball displacement and a gain that was approximately linearly proportional to frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gelman
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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Abstract
All sonic vertebrates face the problem of sound production interfering with their ability to detect and process external acoustic signals, including conspecific vocalizations. Direct efferent inputs to the inner ear of all vertebrates, and the lateral line system of some aquatic vertebrates, represent a potential mechanism to adjust peripheral sensitivity during sound production. We recorded from single efferent neurons that innervate the inner ear and lateral line in a sound-producing teleost fish while evoking fictive vocalizations predictive of the temporal features of natural vocalizations. The majority of efferent neurons showed an increase in activity that occurred in-phase with modulations in the fine temporal structure of the fictive vocalizations. Many of these neurons also showed a decrease in activity at fictive vocal offset. Efferents to the sacculus, the main auditory end organ, showed features especially well adapted for maintaining sensitivity to external acoustic signals during sound production. These included robust phase locking of efferent activity to each cycle of a fictive vocalization and a long-duration rebound suppression after each fictive vocalization that could provide a rapid, long-lasting period of sensitization to external acoustic stimuli such as the call of a conspecific. These results suggest that efferent activation by the vocal motor system can directly modulate auditory sensitivity to self-generated sounds and maintain sensitivity to ongoing external sounds. Given the conserved organization of the auditory efferent system across vertebrates, such mechanisms may be operative among all sonic vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Weeg
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Tomchik SM, Lu Z. Auditory physiology and anatomy of octavolateral efferent neurons in a teleost fish. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2005; 192:51-67. [PMID: 16180037 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-005-0050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2005] [Revised: 08/05/2005] [Accepted: 08/07/2005] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate hair cell systems receive innervation from efferent neurons in the brain. Here we report the responses of octavolateral efferent neurons that innervate the inner ear and lateral lines in a teleost fish, Dormitator latifrons, to directional linear accelerations, and compare them with the afferent responses from the saccule, the main auditory organ in the inner ear of this species. Efferent neurons responded to acoustic stimuli, but had significantly different response properties than saccular afferents. The efferents produced uniform, omnidirectional responses with no phase-locking. Evoked spike rates increased monotonically with stimulus intensity. Efferents were more broadly tuned and responsive to lower frequencies than saccular afferents, and efferent modulation of the otolithic organs and lateral lines is likely more pronounced at lower frequencies. The efferents had wide dynamic ranges, shallow rate-level function slopes, and low maximum discharge rates. These findings support the role of the efferent innervation of the otolithic organs as part of a general arousal system that modulates overall sensitivity of the peripheral octavolateral organs. In addition, efferent feedback may help unmask biologically relevant directional stimuli, such as those emitted by a predator, prey, or conspecific, by reducing sensitivity of the auditory system to omnidirectional ambient noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth M Tomchik
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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Engelmann J, Bleckmann H. Coding of lateral line stimuli in the goldfish midbrain in still and running water. ZOOLOGY 2004; 107:135-51. [PMID: 16351934 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2004.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2004] [Accepted: 03/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated in goldfish, Carassius auratus, how running water affects the responses of toral lateral line units to a stationary vibrating sphere or to a non-vibrating sphere that moves along the side of the fish. Experiments were conducted in the presence of running water (hydrodynamic noise) to further explore the sensory capabilities of the lateral line with special focus on the morphological sub-modalities. Previous recordings from lateral line nerve fibres in various fish species and the first nucleus of the ascending lateral line pathway in goldfish revealed flow-sensitive and flow-insensitive units. These physiological differences represent, at least in part, the differences in morphology of the lateral line, superficial and canal neuromasts. Following up on these findings we recorded flow-sensitive and flow-insensitive units in the Torus semicircularis of goldfish. In still water, both types of units responded to a vibrating or moving sphere. In running water, neural responses were weaker when the sphere was moved with the flow but were comparable or slightly stronger when the sphere was moved against the flow. In running water, responses of flow-sensitive fibres to the vibrating sphere were masked. In contrast, the responses of units insensitive to water flow were not masked. Our data confirm previous findings but also indicate differences when compared to previous reports. We discuss these differences with respect to lateral line morphology, sub-modalities and convergence of different channels of information at higher brain stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Engelmann
- Institute of Zoology, University of Bonn, Poppelsdorfer Schloss, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
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Abstract
Sound communication is not unique to humans but rather is a trait shared with most non-mammalian vertebrates. A practical way to address questions of vocal signal encoding has been to identify mechanisms in non-mammalian model systems that use acoustic communication signals in their social behavior. Teleost fishes, the largest group of living vertebrates, include both vocal and non-vocal species that exploit a wide range of acoustic niches. Here, we focus on those vocal species where combined behavioral and neurobiological studies have recently begun to elucidate a suite of adaptations for both the production and the perception of acoustic signals essential to their reproductive success and survival. Studies of these model systems show that teleost fish have the vocal-acoustic behaviors and neural systems both necessary and sufficient to solve acoustic problems common to all vertebrates. In particular, behavioral studies demonstrate that temporal features within a call, including pulse duration, rate and number, can all be important to a call's communicative value. Neurobiological studies have begun to show how these features are produced by a vocal motor system extending from forebrain to hindbrain levels and are encoded by peripheral and central auditory neurons. The abundance and variety of vocal fish present unique opportunities for parallel investigations of neural encoding, perception, and communication across a diversity of natural, acoustic habitats. As such, investigations in teleosts contribute to our delineating the evolution of the vocal and auditory systems of both non-mammalian and mammalian species, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Bass
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Seeley G. Mudd Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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