1
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Rämö JT, Gorman B, Weng LC, Jurgens SJ, Singhanetr P, Tieger MG, van Dijk EH, Halladay CW, Wang X, Brinks J, Choi SH, Luo Y, Pyarajan S, Nealon CL, Gorin MB, Wu WC, Sobrin L, Kaarniranta K, Yzer S, Palotie A, Peachey NS, Turunen JA, Boon CJ, Ellinor PT, Iyengar SK, Daly MJ, Rossin EJ. Rare genetic variation in VE-PTP is associated with central serous chorioretinopathy, venous dysfunction and glaucoma. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.08.24307013. [PMID: 38766240 PMCID: PMC11100937 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.08.24307013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a fluid maculopathy whose etiology is not well understood. Abnormal choroidal veins in CSC patients have been shown to have similarities with varicose veins. To identify potential mechanisms, we analyzed genotype data from 1,477 CSC patients and 455,449 controls in FinnGen. We identified an association for a low-frequency (AF=0.5%) missense variant (rs113791087) in the gene encoding vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP) (OR=2.85, P=4.5×10-9). This was confirmed in a meta-analysis of 2,452 CSC patients and 865,767 controls from 4 studies (OR=3.06, P=7.4×10-15). Rs113791087 was associated with a 56% higher prevalence of retinal abnormalities (35.3% vs 22.6%, P=8.0×10-4) in 708 UK Biobank participants and, surprisingly, with varicose veins (OR=1.31, P=2.3×10-11) and glaucoma (OR=0.82, P=6.9×10-9). Predicted loss-of-function variants in VEPTP, though rare in number, were associated with CSC in All of Us (OR=17.10, P=0.018). These findings highlight the significance of VE-PTP in diverse ocular and systemic vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Rämö
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bryan Gorman
- Center for Data and Computational Sciences (C-DACS), VA Cooperative Studies Program, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA, USA
| | - Lu-Chen Weng
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sean J Jurgens
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Panisa Singhanetr
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
- Mettapracharak Eye Institute, Mettapracharak (Wat Rai Khing) Hospital, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Marisa G Tieger
- New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elon Hc van Dijk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher W Halladay
- Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joost Brinks
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Seung Hoan Choi
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuyang Luo
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saiju Pyarajan
- VA Cooperative Studies Program, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cari L Nealon
- Eye Clinic, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael B Gorin
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- Section of Cardiology, Medical Service, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lucia Sobrin
- Harvard Medical School Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Suzanne Yzer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Neal S Peachey
- Research Service, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joni A Turunen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camiel Jf Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sudha K Iyengar
- Research Service, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mark J Daly
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Rossin
- Harvard Medical School Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Chen-Li G, Martinez-Archer R, Coghi A, Roca JA, Rodriguez FJ, Acaba-Berrocal L, Berrocal MH, Wu L. Beyond VEGF: Angiopoietin-Tie Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Retinopathy. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2778. [PMID: 38792322 PMCID: PMC11122151 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Complications from diabetic retinopathy such as diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) constitute leading causes of preventable vision loss in working-age patients. Since vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of these complications, VEGF inhibitors have been the cornerstone of their treatment. Anti-VEGF monotherapy is an effective but burdensome treatment for DME. However, due to the intensive and burdensome treatment, most patients in routine clinical practice are undertreated, and therefore, their outcomes are compromised. Even in adequately treated patients, persistent DME is reported anywhere from 30% to 60% depending on the drug used. PDR is currently treated by anti-VEGF, panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) or a combination of both. Similarly, a number of eyes, despite these treatments, continue to progress to tractional retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage. Clearly there are other molecular pathways other than VEGF involved in the pathogenesis of DME and PDR. One of these pathways is the angiopoietin-Tie signaling pathway. Angiopoietin 1 (Ang1) plays a major role in maintaining vascular quiescence and stability. It acts as a molecular brake against vascular destabilization and inflammation that is usually promoted by angiopoietin 2 (Ang2). Several pathological conditions including chronic hyperglycemia lead to Ang2 upregulation. Recent regulatory approval of the bi-specific antibody, faricimab, may improve long term outcomes in DME. It targets both the Ang/Tie and VEGF pathways. The YOSEMITE and RHINE were multicenter, double-masked, randomized non-inferiority phase 3 clinical trials that compared faricimab to aflibercept in eyes with center-involved DME. At 12 months of follow-up, faricimab demonstrated non-inferior vision gains, improved anatomic outcomes and a potential for extended dosing when compared to aflibercept. The 2-year results of the YOSEMITE and RHINE trials demonstrated that the anatomic and functional results obtained at the 1 year follow-up were maintained. Short term outcomes of previously treated and treatment-naive eyes with DME that were treated with faricimab during routine clinical practice suggest a beneficial effect of faricimab over other agents. Targeting of Ang2 has been reported by several other means including VE-PTP inhibitors, integrin binding peptide and surrobodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genesis Chen-Li
- Asociados de Mácula Vitreo y Retina de Costa Rica, San José 60612, Costa Rica (R.M.-A.); (A.C.)
| | - Rebeca Martinez-Archer
- Asociados de Mácula Vitreo y Retina de Costa Rica, San José 60612, Costa Rica (R.M.-A.); (A.C.)
| | - Andres Coghi
- Asociados de Mácula Vitreo y Retina de Costa Rica, San José 60612, Costa Rica (R.M.-A.); (A.C.)
| | | | | | - Luis Acaba-Berrocal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Lihteh Wu
- Asociados de Mácula Vitreo y Retina de Costa Rica, San José 60612, Costa Rica (R.M.-A.); (A.C.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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3
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El Badaoui L, Barr AJ. Analysis of Receptor-Type Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Extracellular Regions with Insights from AlphaFold. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:820. [PMID: 38255894 PMCID: PMC10815196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are involved in a wide variety of physiological functions which are mediated via their diverse extracellular regions. They play key roles in cell-cell contacts, bind various ligands and are regulated by dimerization and other processes. Depending on the subgroup, they have been described as everything from 'rigid rods' to 'floppy tentacles'. Here, we review current experimental structural knowledge on the extracellular region of RPTPs and draw on AlphaFold structural predictions to provide further insights into structure and function of these cellular signalling molecules, which are often mutated in disease and are recognised as drug targets. In agreement with experimental data, AlphaFold predicted structures for extracellular regions of R1, and R2B subgroup RPTPs have an extended conformation, whereas R2B RPTPs are twisted, reflecting their high flexibility. For the R3 PTPs, AlphaFold predicts that members of this subgroup adopt an extended conformation while others are twisted, and that certain members, such as CD148, have one or more large, disordered loop regions in place of fibronectin type 3 domains suggested by sequence analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alastair J. Barr
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK;
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4
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Jeong JY, Lee HJ, Kim N, Li Y, Rah JC, Oh WJ. Impaired neuronal activity as a potential factor contributing to the underdeveloped cerebrovasculature in a young Parkinson's disease mouse model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22613. [PMID: 38114623 PMCID: PMC10730707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49900-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Misfolding of α-synuclein (α-Syn) in the brain causes cellular dysfunction, leading to cell death in a group of neurons, and consequently causes the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although many studies have demonstrated the pathological connections between vascular dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases, it remains unclear how neuronal accumulation of α-Syn affects the structural and functional aspects of the cerebrovasculature to accelerate early disease progression. Here, we demonstrated the effect of aberrant α-Syn expression on the brain vasculature using a PD mouse model expressing a familial mutant form of human α-Syn selectively in neuronal cells. We showed that young PD mice have an underdeveloped cerebrovasculature without significant α-Syn accumulation in the vasculature. During the early phase of PD, toxic α-Syn was selectively increased in neuronal cells, while endothelial cell proliferation was decreased in the absence of vascular cell death or neuroinflammation. Instead, we observed altered neuronal activation and minor changes in the activity-dependent gene expression in brain endothelial cells (ECs) in young PD mice. These findings demonstrated that neuronal expression of mutant α-Syn in the early stage of PD induces abnormal neuronal activity and contributes to vascular patterning defects, which could be associated with a reduced angiogenic potential of ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Jeong
- Neurovascular Biology Laboratory, Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, South Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Sensory and Motor System Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Namsuk Kim
- Neurovascular Biology Laboratory, Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Yan Li
- Neurovascular Biology Laboratory, Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Jong-Cheol Rah
- Sensory and Motor System Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Won-Jong Oh
- Neurovascular Biology Laboratory, Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, South Korea.
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5
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Dominguez A, Iruela-Arispe ML. Integration of Chemo-mechanical signaling in response to fluid shear stress by the endothelium. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102232. [PMID: 37703647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Physical forces exert profound effects on cells affecting fate, function, and response to stressors. In the case of the endothelium, the layer that resides in the inner surface of blood vessels, the collective effect of hemodynamic forces influences the onset and severity of vascular pathologies. Justifiably, much emphasis has been placed in understanding how endothelial cells sense and respond to mechanical challenges, particularly hemodynamic shear stress. In this review, we highlight recent developments that have expanded our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying mechanotransduction. We describe examples of protein compartmentalization in response to shear stress, consider the contribution of the glycocalyx, and discuss the specific role ion channels in response to flow. We also highlight the recently recognized contribution of the receptor ALK5 in sensing turbulent flow. Research in the last three years has enriched our understanding of the molecular landscape responsible for recognizing and transducing shear stress responses, including novel transcriptional-dependent and transcriptional-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annmarie Dominguez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611, USA
| | - M Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611, USA.
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6
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Wu B, Gao X, Hu M, Hu J, Lan T, Xue T, Xu W, Zhu C, Yuan Y, Zheng J, Qin T, Xin P, Li Y, Gong L, Feng C, He S, Liu H, Li H, Wang Q, Ma Z, Qiu Q, Wang K. Distinct and shared endothermic strategies in the heat producing tissues of tuna and other teleosts. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2629-2645. [PMID: 37273070 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although most fishes are ectothermic, some, including tuna and billfish, achieve endothermy through specialized heat producing tissues that are modified muscles. How these heat producing tissues evolved, and whether they share convergent molecular mechanisms, remain unresolved. Here, we generated a high-quality genome from the mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis) and investigated the heat producing tissues of this fish by single-nucleus and bulk RNA sequencing. Compared with other teleosts, tuna-specific genetic variation is strongly associated with muscle differentiation. Single-nucleus RNA-seq revealed a high proportion of specific slow skeletal muscle cell subtypes in the heat producing tissues of tuna. Marker genes of this cell subtype are associated with the relative sliding of actin and myosin, suggesting that tuna endothermy is mainly based on shivering thermogenesis. In contrast, cross-species transcriptome analysis indicated that endothermy in billfish relies mainly on non-shivering thermogenesis. Nevertheless, the heat producing tissues of the different species do share some tissue-specific genes, including vascular-related and mitochondrial genes. Overall, although tunas and billfishes differ in their thermogenic strategies, they share similar expression patterns in some respects, highlighting the complexity of convergent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Wu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xueli Gao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Mingling Hu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jing Hu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Tianming Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- BGI Life Science Joint Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150006, China
| | - Tingfeng Xue
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Chenglong Zhu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jiangmin Zheng
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Tao Qin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Peidong Xin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Li Gong
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Chenguang Feng
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Shunping He
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- BGI Life Science Joint Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150006, China
| | - Haimeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenhua Ma
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China.
| | - Qiang Qiu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
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7
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Knop JL, Burkard N, Danesh M, Kintrup S, Dandekar T, Srivastava M, Springer R, Hiermaier M, Wagner NM, Waschke J, Flemming S, Schlegel N. Endothelial barrier dysfunction in systemic inflammation is mediated by soluble VE-cadherin interfering VE-PTP signaling. iScience 2023; 26:108049. [PMID: 37822505 PMCID: PMC10563049 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breakdown of endothelial barrier integrity determines organ dysfunction and outcome of patients with sepsis. Increased levels of soluble vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin fragments (sVE-cadherin) have previously been linked with inflammation-induced loss of endothelial barrier function. We provide evidence for a causative role of sVE-cadherin to induce loss of endothelial barrier function. In patients with sepsis, sVE-cadherin levels were associated with organ dysfunction and the need for volume resuscitation. Similarly, LPS-induced systemic inflammation in rats with microvascular dysfunction was paralleled by augmented sVE-cadherin levels. Newly generated recombinant human sVE-cadherin (extracellular domains EC1-5) induced loss of endothelial barrier function in both human microvascular endothelial cells in vitro and in rat mesenteric microvessels in vivo and reduced microcirculatory flow. sVE-cadherinEC1-5 disturbed VE-cadherin-mediated adhesion and perturbed VE-protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP)/VE-cadherin interaction resulting in RhoGEF1-mediated RhoA activation. VE-PTP inhibitor AKB9778 and Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27632 blunted all sVE-cadherinEC1-5-induced effects, which uncovers a pathophysiological role of sVE-cadherin via dysbalanced VE-PTP/RhoA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juna-Lisa Knop
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstraße 6, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Burkard
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstraße 6, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Mahshid Danesh
- University of Wuerzburg, Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kintrup
- University Hospital Muenster, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- University of Wuerzburg, Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Rebecca Springer
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstraße 6, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hiermaier
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nana-Maria Wagner
- University Hospital Muenster, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- University Hospital Wuerzburg, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Flemming
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstraße 6, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Schlegel
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstraße 6, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
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8
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Mahlandt EK, Palacios Martínez S, Arts JJG, Tol S, van Buul JD, Goedhart J. Opto-RhoGEFs, an optimized optogenetic toolbox to reversibly control Rho GTPase activity on a global to subcellular scale, enabling precise control over vascular endothelial barrier strength. eLife 2023; 12:RP84364. [PMID: 37449837 PMCID: PMC10393062 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The inner layer of blood vessels consists of endothelial cells, which form the physical barrier between blood and tissue. This vascular barrier is tightly regulated and is defined by cell-cell contacts through adherens and tight junctions. To investigate the signaling that regulates vascular barrier strength, we focused on Rho GTPases, regulators of the actin cytoskeleton and known to control junction integrity. To manipulate Rho GTPase signaling in a temporal and spatial manner we applied optogenetics. Guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) domains from ITSN1, TIAM1, and p63RhoGEF, activating Cdc42, Rac, and Rho, respectively, were integrated into the optogenetic recruitment tool improved light-induced dimer (iLID). This tool allows for Rho GTPase activation at the subcellular level in a reversible and non-invasive manner by recruiting a GEF to a specific area at the plasma membrane, The membrane tag of iLID was optimized and a HaloTag was applied to gain more flexibility for multiplex imaging. The resulting optogenetically recruitable RhoGEFs (Opto-RhoGEFs) were tested in an endothelial cell monolayer and demonstrated precise temporal control of vascular barrier strength by a cell-cell overlap-dependent, VE-cadherin-independent, mechanism. Furthermore, Opto-RhoGEFs enabled precise optogenetic control in endothelial cells over morphological features such as cell size, cell roundness, local extension, and cell contraction. In conclusion, we have optimized and applied the optogenetic iLID GEF recruitment tool, that is Opto-RhoGEFs, to study the role of Rho GTPases in the vascular barrier of the endothelium and found that membrane protrusions at the junction region can rapidly increase barrier integrity independent of VE-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike K Mahlandt
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sebastián Palacios Martínez
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Janine J G Arts
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab at Dept. Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Simon Tol
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab at Dept. Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jaap D van Buul
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab at Dept. Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joachim Goedhart
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Zhang M, Liu C, Zhao L, Zhang X, Su Y. The Emerging Role of Protein Phosphatase in Regeneration. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051216. [PMID: 37240861 DOI: 10.3390/life13051216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining normal cellular behavior is essential for the survival of organisms. One of the main mechanisms to control cellular behavior is protein phosphorylation. The process of protein phosphorylation is reversible under the regulation of protein kinases and protein phosphatases. The importance of kinases in numerous cellular processes has been well recognized. In recent years, protein phosphatases have also been demonstrated to function actively and specifically in various cellular processes and thus have gained more and more attention from researchers. In the animal kingdom, regeneration frequently occurs to replace or repair damaged or missing tissues. Emerging evidence has revealed that protein phosphatases are crucial for organ regeneration. In this review, after providing a brief overview of the classification of protein phosphatases and their functions in several representative developmental processes, we highlight the critical roles that protein phosphatases play in organ regeneration by summarizing the most recent research on the function and underlying mechanism of protein phosphatase in the regeneration of the liver, bone, neuron, and heart in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zhang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chenglin Liu
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ying Su
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Hsu MJ, Chen HK, Lien JC, Huang YH, Huang SW. Suppressing VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 Signaling Contributes to the Anti-Angiogenic Effects of PPE8, a Novel Naphthoquinone-Based Compound. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132114. [PMID: 35805198 PMCID: PMC9266117 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural naphthoquinones and their derivatives exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities and have thus attracted much attention in modern drug discovery. However, it remains unclear whether naphthoquinones are potential drug candidates for anti-angiogenic agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-angiogenic properties of a novel naphthoquinone derivative, PPE8, and explore its underlying mechanisms. Determined by various assays including BrdU, migration, invasion, and tube formation analyses, PPE8 treatment resulted in the reduction of VEGF-A-induced proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We also used an aorta ring sprouting assay, Matrigel plug assay, and immunoblotting analysis to examine PPE8’s ex vivo and in vivo anti-angiogenic activities and its actions on VEGF-A signaling. It has been revealed that PPE8 inhibited VEGF-A-induced micro vessel sprouting and was capable of suppressing angiogenesis in in vivo models. In addition, PPE8 inhibited VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-2, Src, FAK, ERK1/2, or AKT phosphorylation in HUVECs exposed to VEGF-A, and it also showed significant decline in xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, these observations indicated that PPE8 may target VEGF-A–VEGFR-2 signaling to reduce angiogenesis. It also supports the role of PPE8 as a potential drug candidate for the development of therapeutic agents in the treatment of angiogenesis-related diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Han-Kun Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71067, Taiwan;
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Huang
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shiu-Wen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Research Center of Thoracic Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-27361661 (ext. 3198)
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Camilleri P, Soldo B, Buch A, Janusz J. Oxidative metabolism of razuprotafib (AKB-9778), a sulfamic acid phosphatase inhibitor, in human microsomes and recombinant human CYP2C8 enzyme. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:1110-1121. [PMID: 34477046 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1969482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Razuprotafib, a sulphamic acid-containing phosphatase inhibitor, is shown in vivo to undergo enzymatic oxidation and methylation to form a major metabolite in monkey and human excreta with an m/z- value of 633.LC-MS/MS analysis of samples derived from incubations of razuprotafib with human liver microsomes and recombinant CYP2C8 enzyme has elucidated the metabolic pathway for formation of the thiol precursor to the S-methyl metabolite MS633 (m/z- 633).Under in vitro conditions, the major pathway of razuprotafib metabolism involves extensive oxidation of the thiophene and phenyl rings.A single oxidation takes place at one of the phenyl groups. Multiple oxidations occur at the thiophene moiety: initial oxidation results in the formation of a thiolactone followed by a second oxidation giving rise to an S-oxide of the thiolactone, which is further metabolised to the ring-opened form and ultimate formation of a thiol (m/z- 619).An additional mono-oxidation pathway involves epoxidation of the thiophene followed by hydrolysis to a diol.The thiol and diol metabolites are trapped by the addition of a nucleophilic trapping agent, 3-methoxyphenacyl bromide (MPB), giving adducts with m/z- 767.The thiol is a likely precursor to the major in vivo razuprotafib metabolite, MS633.
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Soldo BL, Camilleri P, Buch A, Janusz J. The in vivo disposition of subcutaneous injected 14C-razuprotafib ( 14C-AKB-9778), a sulphamic acid phosphatase inhibitor, in nonclinical species and human. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:1132-1145. [PMID: 34420473 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1972358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The disposition of radioactivity following subcutaneous 14C-razuprotafib, a Tie2 activator, was explored in multiple species.The absorption and clearance of razuprotafib and total radioactivity in human plasma are rapid and pharmacokinetics support razuprotafib as primary circulating component. Radioactivity is distributed greater to human plasma than whole blood (B:P = 0.36).In pigmented rats, radioactivity distributes to whole-body tissues rapidly and, within 24 h, is localised to elimination pathway end organs and injection site.Overall recovery of radioactivity across species is >93%, with the majority recovered within 24-48 h, and >80% in faeces.The CYP2C8 enzyme contributes significantly to razuprotafib metabolism.A hydrolysis product of razuprotafib (m/z- 380) is the main component in rat plasma at 2 h (49% peak area radioactivity), while razuprotafib (m/z- 585) is the main component in plasma for dog (58%), monkey (99.3%), and human (100%).Razuprotafib is present in dog, monkey, and human faeces, with the greatest percentage of radioactivity as metabolites. The major metabolite (>25%) in monkey and human, m/z- 633, is an S-methylated oxidised derivative of razuprotafib and is localised in faeces.Overall disposition of 14C-razuprotafib in human is best modelled by monkey over lower order species.
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Sieck GC. Physiology in Perspective: Harnessing Homeostasis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:71-72. [PMID: 33595383 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00003.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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