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Hiam D, Jones P, Pitsiladis Y, Eynon N. Genomics and Biology of Exercise, Where Are We Now? Clin J Sport Med 2023; 33:e112-e114. [PMID: 37656977 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Hiam
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; and
| | - Patrice Jones
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yannis Pitsiladis
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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2
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Neto SLDA, Herrera JJB, Rosa TS, de Almeida SS, Silva GCB, Ferreira CES, Dos Santos MAP, Silvino VO, de Melo GF. Interaction Between ACTN3 (R577X), ACE (I/D), and BDKRB2 (-9/+9) Polymorphisms and Endurance Phenotypes in Brazilian Long-Distance Swimmers. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:1591-1595. [PMID: 32639377 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Neto, SLdA, Herrera, JJB, Rosa, TS, de Almeida, SS, Silva, GCB, Ferreira, CES, dos Santos, MAP, Silvino, VO, de Melo, GF. Interaction between ACTN3 (R577X), ACE (I/D), and BDKRB2 (-9/+9) polymorphisms and endurance phenotypes in Brazilian long-distance swimmers. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1591-1595, 2022-This study investigated the interactions between the polymorphisms ACTN3 (R577X), ACE (I/D), and BDKRB2 (-9/+9) and their association with endurance phenotypes in Brazilian long-distance swimmers. Twenty-six volunteers (aged 18-30 years) were divided into 2 groups as follows: 19 subelite athletes formed the pool swimming experts (PSE: 400-1500 m) group and 7 elite athletes the open water swimming experts (OWSE: 5-25 km) group. ACTN3 (R577X), ACE (I/D), and BDKRB2 (-9/+9) polymorphisms were genotyped through polymerase chain reaction. A nonathletes control (CON) group derived from studies with the Brazilian population was created. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (X2) was observed in all groups. The total genotype score (TGS) associated with endurance phenotypes was used in this study. A significance level was established at p ≤ 0.05. PSE and CON groups had very similar genotyping distribution. The OWSE group had a greater frequency for the genotypes XX (57.1%), ID (57.1%), and the alleles X (71.4%) and I (57.2%) than CON and PSE groups (XX = 21.1 and 21.1%; ID = 47.1 and 52.6% [p > 0.05]; X = 44.0 and 42.1%; I = 45.3 and 42.1%, respectively). Considering BDKRB2, OWSE and PSE groups had a greater frequency of +9/+9 than the CON group (42.9% and 31.6 vs. 27.5%, respectively). Although the expected genotypic distribution was not verified among athletes, the TGS revealed small supremacy of 3-5 typical alleles in the OWSE group (54.8 ± 26.7%) compared with the PSE group (41.2 ± 17.8%) (p = 0.072; confidence interval = 95%; effect size = 0.95). The OWSE group seem to have benefited from the best genotype profile verified for ACTN3 and ACE. However, the results of this work should be approached with caution because of the small number of athletes and polymorphisms assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severino L D A Neto
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Jose J B Herrera
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Thiago S Rosa
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Glauber C B Silva
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Piauí, Barros Araújo Campus, Picos, PI, Brazil ; and
| | - Carlos E S Ferreira
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcos A P Dos Santos
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of Piaui, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Valmir O Silvino
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of Piaui, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Gislane F de Melo
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Castro A, Duft RG, de Oliveira-Nunes SG, de Andrade ALL, Cavaglieri CR, Chacon-Mikahil MPT. Association Between Changes in Serum and Skeletal Muscle Metabolomics Profile With Maximum Power Output Gains in Response to Different Aerobic Training Programs: The Times Study. Front Physiol 2021; 12:756618. [PMID: 34744794 PMCID: PMC8563999 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.756618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: High heterogeneity of the response of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to standardized exercise doses has been reported in different training programs, but the associated mechanisms are not widely known. This study investigated whether changes in the metabolic profile and pathways in blood serum and the skeletal muscle are associated with the inter-individual variability of CRF responses to 8-wk of continuous endurance training (ET) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Methods: Eighty men, young and sedentary, were randomized into three groups, of which 70 completed 8 wk of intervention (> 90% of sessions): ET, HIIT, or control. Blood and vastus lateralis muscle tissue samples, as well as the measurement of CRF [maximal power output (MPO)] were obtained before and after the intervention. Blood serum and skeletal muscle samples were analyzed by 600 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy (metabolomics). Associations between the pretraining to post-training changes in the metabolic profile and MPO gains were explored via three analytical approaches: (1) correlation between pretraining to post-training changes in metabolites' concentration levels and MPO gains; (2) significant differences between low and high MPO responders; and (3) metabolite contribution to significantly altered pathways related to MPO gains. After, metabolites within these three levels of evidence were analyzed by multiple stepwise linear regression. The significance level was set at 1%. Results: The metabolomics profile panel yielded 43 serum and 70 muscle metabolites. From the metabolites within the three levels of evidence (15 serum and 4 muscle metabolites for ET; 5 serum and 1 muscle metabolites for HIIT), the variance in MPO gains was explained: 77.4% by the intervention effects, 6.9, 2.3, 3.2, and 2.2% by changes in skeletal muscle pyruvate and valine, serum glutamine and creatine phosphate, respectively, in ET; and 80.9% by the intervention effects; 7.2, 2.2, and 1.2% by changes in skeletal muscle glycolate, serum creatine and creatine phosphate, respectively, in HIIT. The most changed and impacted pathways by these metabolites were: arginine and proline metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism for both ET and HIIT programs; and additional alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate metabolism for ET. Conclusion: These results suggest that regulating the metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates may be a potential mechanism for understanding the inter-individual variability of CRF in responses to ET and HIIT programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Castro
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata G Duft
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Claudia R Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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de Santana DA, Castro A, Cavaglieri CR. Strength Training Volume to Increase Muscle Mass Responsiveness in Older Individuals: Weekly Sets Based Approach. Front Physiol 2021; 12:759677. [PMID: 34658936 PMCID: PMC8514686 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.759677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Davi Alves de Santana
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Adventist University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex Castro
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Regina Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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5
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Ohnuma K, Uchida T, Leung GNW, Ueda T, Obara T, Ishii H. Establishment of a post-race biomarkers database and application of pathway analysis to identify potential biomarkers in post-race equine plasma. Drug Test Anal 2021; 14:915-928. [PMID: 33835667 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the context of doping control, conventional direct chemical testing detects only a limited scope of target substances in equine biological samples. To expand the ability to detect doping agents and their detection windows, metabolomics has recently become a common approach for monitoring alteration of biomarkers caused by doping agents in relevant metabolic pathways. In horse racing, remarkable changes in metabolic profiles between the rest state and racing are likely to affect the identification of doping biomarkers. Previously, we reported a limited number of significantly upregulated metabolites after racing, based on a non-targeted metabolomics approach using out-of-competition and post-race equine plasma samples. In this study, we performed a more thorough analysis of the data set, using pathway analysis to establish a post-race biomarkers database (PBD) that includes upregulated and downregulated metabolites, their fold changes, and relevant pathways, with the main objective of improving our understanding of changes in physiological status related to horse racing. Statistical analysis of the PBD revealed that two peak combinations of pentadecanoyl carnitine/galactosylglycerol (P/G) and heptadecanoyl carnitine/galactosylglycerol (H/G) could be used as potential biomarkers for the discrimination of the rest and post-race groups. To demonstrate the applicability of the PBD, we validated the post-race biomarkers P/G and H/G (highly involved in lipid metabolism) by a single-blind test. This strategy, which combines establishment of a biomarker database with pathway analysis, represents a powerful tool for discovering potential doping biomarkers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Ohnuma
- Drug Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Taiga Uchida
- Drug Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Gary Ngai-Wa Leung
- Drug Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ueda
- Drug Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Utsunomiya, Japan.,Bioinformatics Team, Research Laboratory, H. U. Group Research Institute G.K., Hachioji, Japan
| | - Taku Obara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ishii
- Drug Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Utsunomiya, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
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Naureen Z, Perrone M, Paolacci S, Maltese PE, Dhuli K, Kurti D, Dautaj A, Miotto R, Casadei A, Fioretti B, Beccari T, Romeo F, Bertelli M. Genetic test for the personalization of sport training. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:e2020012. [PMID: 33170162 PMCID: PMC8023127 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i13-s.10593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variants may contribute to confer elite athlete status. However, this does not mean that a person with favourable genetic traits would become a champion because multiple genetic interactions and epigenetic contributions coupled with confounding environmental factors shape the overall phenotype. This opens up a new area in sports genetics with respect to commercial genetic testing. The analysis of genetic polymorphisms linked to sport performance would provide insights into the potential of becoming an elite endurance or power performer. This mini-review aims to highlight genetic interactions that are associated with performance phenotypes and their potentials to be used as markers for talent identification and trainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakira Naureen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Marco Perrone
- Division of Cardiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bernard Fioretti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Francesco Romeo
- Division of Cardiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy; EBTNA-LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy; MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy.
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7
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Tanisawa K, Wang G, Seto J, Verdouka I, Twycross-Lewis R, Karanikolou A, Tanaka M, Borjesson M, Di Luigi L, Dohi M, Wolfarth B, Swart J, Bilzon JLJ, Badtieva V, Papadopoulou T, Casasco M, Geistlinger M, Bachl N, Pigozzi F, Pitsiladis Y. Sport and exercise genomics: the FIMS 2019 consensus statement update. Br J Sports Med 2020; 54:969-975. [PMID: 32201388 PMCID: PMC7418627 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rapid advances in technologies in the field of genomics such as high throughput DNA sequencing, big data processing by machine learning algorithms and gene-editing techniques are expected to make precision medicine and gene-therapy a greater reality. However, this development will raise many important new issues, including ethical, moral, social and privacy issues. The field of exercise genomics has also advanced by incorporating these innovative technologies. There is therefore an urgent need for guiding references for sport and exercise genomics to allow the necessary advancements in this field of sport and exercise medicine, while protecting athletes from any invasion of privacy and misuse of their genomic information. Here, we update a previous consensus and develop a guiding reference for sport and exercise genomics based on a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis. This SWOT analysis and the developed guiding reference highlight the need for scientists/clinicians to be well-versed in ethics and data protection policy to advance sport and exercise genomics without compromising the privacy of athletes and the efforts of international sports federations. Conducting research based on the present guiding reference will mitigate to a great extent the risks brought about by inappropriate use of genomic information and allow further development of sport and exercise genomics in accordance with best ethical standards and international data protection principles and policies. This guiding reference should regularly be updated on the basis of new information emerging from the area of sport and exercise medicine as well as from the developments and challenges in genomics of health and disease in general in order to best protect the athletes, patients and all other relevant stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumpei Tanisawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Guan Wang
- Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Jane Seto
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ioanna Verdouka
- Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Richard Twycross-Lewis
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Antonia Karanikolou
- Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Masashi Tanaka
- Department for Health and Longevity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mats Borjesson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Center for Health and Performance, Goteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Ostra, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Luigi Di Luigi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Michiko Dohi
- Sport Medical Center, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bernd Wolfarth
- Department of Sport Medicine, Humboldt University and Charité University School of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeroen Swart
- UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Victoriya Badtieva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Research and Practical Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Restorative and Sports Medicine, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Theodora Papadopoulou
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
- British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Doncaster, UK
| | | | - Michael Geistlinger
- Unit of International Law, Department of Constitutional, International and European Law, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Norbert Bachl
- Institute of Sports Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Institute of Sports Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabio Pigozzi
- Sport Medicine Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Yannis Pitsiladis
- Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
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Al-Khelaifi F, Yousri NA, Diboun I, Semenova EA, Kostryukova ES, Kulemin NA, Borisov OV, Andryushchenko LB, Larin AK, Generozov EV, Miyamoto-Mikami E, Murakami H, Zempo H, Miyachi M, Takaragawa M, Kumagai H, Naito H, Fuku N, Abraham D, Hingorani A, Donati F, Botrè F, Georgakopoulos C, Suhre K, Ahmetov II, Albagha O, Elrayess MA. Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals a Novel Association Between MYBPC3 Gene Polymorphism, Endurance Athlete Status, Aerobic Capacity and Steroid Metabolism. Front Genet 2020; 11:595. [PMID: 32612638 PMCID: PMC7308547 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic predisposition to elite athletic performance has been a controversial subject due to the underpowered studies and the small effect size of identified genetic variants. The aims of this study were to investigate the association of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with endurance athlete status in a large cohort of elite European athletes using GWAS approach, followed by replication studies in Russian and Japanese elite athletes and functional validation using metabolomics analysis. Results The association of 476,728 SNPs of Illumina DrugCore Gene chip and endurance athlete status was investigated in 796 European international-level athletes (645 males, 151 females) by comparing allelic frequencies between athletes specialized in sports with high (n = 662) and low/moderate (n = 134) aerobic component. Replication of results was performed by comparing the frequencies of the most significant SNPs between 242 and 168 elite Russian high and low/moderate aerobic athletes, respectively, and between 60 elite Japanese endurance athletes and 406 controls. A meta-analysis has identified rs1052373 (GG homozygotes) in Myosin Binding Protein (MYBPC3; implicated in cardiac hypertrophic myopathy) gene to be associated with endurance athlete status (P = 1.43 × 10-8, odd ratio 2.2). Homozygotes carriers of rs1052373 G allele in Russian athletes had significantly greater VO2 max than carriers of the AA + AG (P = 0.005). Subsequent metabolomics analysis revealed several amino acids and lipids associated with rs1052373 G allele (1.82 × 10-05) including the testosterone precursor androstenediol (3beta,17beta) disulfate. Conclusions This is the first report of genome-wide significant SNP and related metabolites associated with elite athlete status. Further investigations of the functional relevance of the identified SNPs and metabolites in relation to enhanced athletic performance are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Al-Khelaifi
- Anti-Doping Laboratory Qatar, Doha, Qatar.,UCL-Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Noha A Yousri
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar-Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Computer and Systems Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ilhame Diboun
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ekaterina A Semenova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Elena S Kostryukova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Kulemin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V Borisov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.,Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Andrey K Larin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Edward V Generozov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eri Miyamoto-Mikami
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Haruka Murakami
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Zempo
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo Seiei College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuki Takaragawa
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kumagai
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan.,Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Fuku
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | - Francesco Donati
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Botrè
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar-Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ildus I Ahmetov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Physical Education, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Omar Albagha
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.,Center for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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9
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McAuley ABT, Hughes DC, Tsaprouni LG, Varley I, Suraci B, Roos TR, Herbert AJ, Kelly AL. Genetic association research in football: A systematic review. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:714-752. [PMID: 32466725 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1776401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variation is responsible for a large amount of the inter-individual performance disparities seen in sport. As such, in the last ten years genetic association studies have become more common; with one of the most frequently researched sports being football. However, the progress and methodological rigour of genetic association research in football is yet to be evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to identify and evaluate all genetic association studies involving football players and outline where and how future research should be directed. Firstly, a systematic search was conducted in the Pubmed and SPORTDiscus databases, which identified 80 eligible studies. Progression analysis revealed that 103 distinct genes have been investigated across multiple disciplines; however, research has predominately focused on the association of the ACTN3 or ACE gene. Furthermore, 55% of the total studies have been published within the last four years; showcasing that genetic association research in football is increasing at a substantial rate. However, there are several methodological inconsistencies which hinder research implications, such as; inadequate description or omission of ethnicity and on-field positions. Furthermore, there is a limited amount of research on several key areas crucial to footballing performance, in particular; psychological related traits. Moving forward, improved research designs, larger sample sizes, and the utilisation of genome-wide and polygenic profiling approaches are recommended. Finally, we introduce the Football Gene Project, which aims to address several of these limitations and ultimately facilitate greater individualised athlete development within football.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B T McAuley
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, City South Campus, Westbourne Road, Edgbaston, B15 3TN, UK
| | - David C Hughes
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Loukia G Tsaprouni
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian Varley
- Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bruce Suraci
- Academy Coaching Department, AFC Bournemouth, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Thomas R Roos
- The International Academy of Sports Science and Technology (AISTS), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adam J Herbert
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adam L Kelly
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
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10
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Al-Khelaifi F, Diboun I, Donati F, Botrè F, Abraham D, Hingorani A, Albagha O, Georgakopoulos C, Suhre K, Yousri NA, Elrayess MA. Metabolic GWAS of elite athletes reveals novel genetically-influenced metabolites associated with athletic performance. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19889. [PMID: 31882771 PMCID: PMC6934758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic research of elite athletic performance has been hindered by the complex phenotype and the relatively small effect size of the identified genetic variants. The aims of this study were to identify genetic predisposition to elite athletic performance by investigating genetically-influenced metabolites that discriminate elite athletes from non-elite athletes and to identify those associated with endurance sports. By conducting a genome wide association study with high-resolution metabolomics profiling in 490 elite athletes, common variant metabolic quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) were identified and compared with previously identified mQTLs in non-elite athletes. Among the identified mQTLs, those associated with endurance metabolites were determined. Two novel genetic loci in FOLH1 and VNN1 are reported in association with N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate and Linoleoyl ethanolamide, respectively. When focusing on endurance metabolites, one novel mQTL linking androstenediol (3alpha, 17alpha) monosulfate and SULT2A1 was identified. Potential interactions between the novel identified mQTLs and exercise are highlighted. This is the first report of common variant mQTLs linked to elite athletic performance and endurance sports with potential applications in biomarker discovery in elite athletic candidates, non-conventional anti-doping analytical approaches and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Al-Khelaifi
- Anti Doping Laboratory Qatar, Sports City, Doha, Qatar.,Division of Medicine, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Ilhame Diboun
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Francesco Donati
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Largo Giulio Onesti 1, 00197, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Botrè
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Largo Giulio Onesti 1, 00197, Rome, Italy
| | - David Abraham
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Aroon Hingorani
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Omar Albagha
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.,Center for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar-Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Noha A Yousri
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar-Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.,Computer and Systems Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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11
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Abstract
Exercise is a well-known non-pharmacologic agent used to prevent and treat a wide range of pathologic conditions such as metabolic and cardiovascular disease. In this sense, the classic field of exercise physiology has determined the main theoretical and practical bases of physiologic adaptations in response to exercise. However, the last decades were marked by significant advances in analytical laboratory techniques, where the field of biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology promoted exercise science to enter a new era. Regardless of its application, whether in the field of disease prevention or performance, the association of molecular biology with exercise physiology has been fundamental for unveiling knowledge of the molecular mechanisms related to the adaptation to exercise. This chapter will address the natural evolution of exercise physiology toward genetics and molecular biology, emphasizing the collection of integrated analytical approaches that composes the OMICS and their contribution to the field of molecular exercise physiology.
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12
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Eynon N, Voisin S, Lucia A, Wang G, Pitsiladis Y. Preface: genomics and biology of exercise is undergoing a paradigm shift. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:825. [PMID: 29143593 PMCID: PMC5688488 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nir Eynon
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Universidad Europea de Madrid and Research Institute Hospital 12 de octubre, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guan Wang
- Centre of Sports Medicine for Anti-Doping Research, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Yannis Pitsiladis
- Centre of Sports Medicine for Anti-Doping Research, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
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13
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Hoffman NJ. Omics and Exercise: Global Approaches for Mapping Exercise Biological Networks. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:cshperspect.a029884. [PMID: 28348175 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The application of global "-omics" technologies to exercise has introduced new opportunities to map the complexity and interconnectedness of biological networks underlying the tissue-specific responses and systemic health benefits of exercise. This review will introduce major research tracks and recent advancements in this emerging field, as well as critical gaps in understanding the orchestration of molecular exercise dynamics that will benefit from unbiased omics investigations. Furthermore, significant research hurdles that need to be overcome to effectively fill these gaps related to data collection, computation, interpretation, and integration across omics applications will be discussed. Collectively, a cross-disciplinary physiological and omics-based systems approach will lead to discovery of a wealth of novel exercise-regulated targets for future mechanistic validation. This frontier in exercise biology will aid the development of personalized therapeutic strategies to improve athletic performance and human health through precision exercise medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan J Hoffman
- Centre for Exercise and Nutrition, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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14
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Navas-Enamorado I, Bernier M, Brea-Calvo G, de Cabo R. Influence of anaerobic and aerobic exercise on age-related pathways in skeletal muscle. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 37:39-52. [PMID: 28487241 PMCID: PMC5549001 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Navas-Enamorado
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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15
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Letter to the editor: A genetic-based algorithm for personalized resistance training. Biol Sport 2016; 34:31-33. [PMID: 28416894 PMCID: PMC5377557 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2017.63385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent paper entitled “A genetic-based algorithm for personalized resistance training”, Jones et al. [1] presented an algorithm of 15 performance-associated gene polymorphisms that they propose can determine an athlete’s training response by predicting power and endurance potential. However, from the design of their studies and the data provided, there is no evidence to support these authors’ assertions. Progress towards such a significant development in the field of sport and exercise genomics will require a paradigm shift in line with recent recommendations for international collaborations such as the Athlome Project (see www.athlomeconsortium.org). Large-scale initiatives, involving numerous multi-centre and well-phenotyped exercise training and elite performance cohorts, will be necessary before attempting to derive and replicate training and/or performance algorithms.
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16
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The TreadWheel: A Novel Apparatus to Measure Genetic Variation in Response to Gently Induced Exercise for Drosophila. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164706. [PMID: 27736996 PMCID: PMC5063428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the dramatic health issues affecting developed and developing nations, and exercise is a well-established intervention strategy. While exercise-by-genotype interactions have been shown in humans, overall little is known. Using the natural negative geotaxis of Drosophila melanogaster, an important model organism for the study of genetic interactions, a novel exercise machine, the TreadWheel, can be used to shed light on this interaction. The mechanism for inducing exercise with the TreadWheel is inherently gentle, thus minimizing possible confounding effects of other stressors. Using this machine, we were able to assess large cohorts of adult flies from eight genetic lines for their response to exercise after one week of training. We measured their triglyceride, glycerol, protein, glycogen, glucose content, and body weight, as well as their climbing ability and feeding behavior in response to exercise. Exercised flies showed decreased stored triglycerides, glycogen, and body weight, and increased stored protein and climbing ability. In addition to demonstrating an overall effect of TreadWheel exercise on flies, we found significant interactions of exercise with genotype, sex, or genotype-by-sex effects for most of the measured phenotypes. We also observed interaction effects between exercise, genotype, and tissue (abdomen or thorax) for metabolite profiles, and those differences can be partially linked to innate differences in the flies' persistence in maintaining activity during exercise bouts. In addition, we assessed gene expression levels for a panel of 13 genes known to be associated with respiratory fitness and found that many responded to exercise. With this study, we have established the TreadWheel as a useful tool to study the effect of exercise in flies, shown significant genotype-specific and sex-specific impacts of exercise, and have laid the ground work for more extensive studies of how genetics, sex, environment, and aging interact with exercise to influence metabolic fitness in Drosophila.
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