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Raman R, Antony M, Nivelle R, Lavergne A, Zappia J, Guerrero-Limón G, Caetano da Silva C, Kumari P, Sojan JM, Degueldre C, Bahri MA, Ostertag A, Collet C, Cohen-Solal M, Plenevaux A, Henrotin Y, Renn J, Muller M. The Osteoblast Transcriptome in Developing Zebrafish Reveals Key Roles for Extracellular Matrix Proteins Col10a1a and Fbln1 in Skeletal Development and Homeostasis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:139. [PMID: 38397376 PMCID: PMC10886564 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are now widely used to study skeletal development and bone-related diseases. To that end, understanding osteoblast differentiation and function, the expression of essential transcription factors, signaling molecules, and extracellular matrix proteins is crucial. We isolated Sp7-expressing osteoblasts from 4-day-old larvae using a fluorescent reporter. We identified two distinct subpopulations and characterized their specific transcriptome as well as their structural, regulatory, and signaling profile. Based on their differential expression in these subpopulations, we generated mutants for the extracellular matrix protein genes col10a1a and fbln1 to study their functions. The col10a1a-/- mutant larvae display reduced chondrocranium size and decreased bone mineralization, while in adults a reduced vertebral thickness and tissue mineral density, and fusion of the caudal fin vertebrae were observed. In contrast, fbln1-/- mutants showed an increased mineralization of cranial elements and a reduced ceratohyal angle in larvae, while in adults a significantly increased vertebral centra thickness, length, volume, surface area, and tissue mineral density was observed. In addition, absence of the opercle specifically on the right side was observed. Transcriptomic analysis reveals up-regulation of genes involved in collagen biosynthesis and down-regulation of Fgf8 signaling in fbln1-/- mutants. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of bone extracellular matrix protein genes col10a1a and fbln1 in skeletal development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratish Raman
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (R.R.); (M.A.); (R.N.); (G.G.-L.); (J.R.)
| | - Mishal Antony
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (R.R.); (M.A.); (R.N.); (G.G.-L.); (J.R.)
| | - Renaud Nivelle
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (R.R.); (M.A.); (R.N.); (G.G.-L.); (J.R.)
| | - Arnaud Lavergne
- GIGA Genomics Platform, B34, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Jérémie Zappia
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium (Y.H.)
| | - Gustavo Guerrero-Limón
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (R.R.); (M.A.); (R.N.); (G.G.-L.); (J.R.)
| | - Caroline Caetano da Silva
- Hospital Lariboisière, Reference Centre for Rare Bone Diseases, INSERM U1132, Université de Paris-Cité, F-75010 Paris, France; (C.C.d.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (M.C.-S.)
| | - Priyanka Kumari
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Jerry Maria Sojan
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Christian Degueldre
- GIGA CRC In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.D.); (M.A.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Mohamed Ali Bahri
- GIGA CRC In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.D.); (M.A.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Agnes Ostertag
- Hospital Lariboisière, Reference Centre for Rare Bone Diseases, INSERM U1132, Université de Paris-Cité, F-75010 Paris, France; (C.C.d.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (M.C.-S.)
| | - Corinne Collet
- Hospital Lariboisière, Reference Centre for Rare Bone Diseases, INSERM U1132, Université de Paris-Cité, F-75010 Paris, France; (C.C.d.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (M.C.-S.)
- UF de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- Hospital Lariboisière, Reference Centre for Rare Bone Diseases, INSERM U1132, Université de Paris-Cité, F-75010 Paris, France; (C.C.d.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (M.C.-S.)
| | - Alain Plenevaux
- GIGA CRC In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.D.); (M.A.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Yves Henrotin
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium (Y.H.)
| | - Jörg Renn
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (R.R.); (M.A.); (R.N.); (G.G.-L.); (J.R.)
| | - Marc Muller
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (R.R.); (M.A.); (R.N.); (G.G.-L.); (J.R.)
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Ludwig K, Wu Z, Bardai G, Mason P, Ward LM, Moffatt P, Rauch F. RNA Sequencing of Urine-Derived Cells for the Characterization and Diagnosis of Osteogenesis Imperfecta. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1125-1134. [PMID: 37293821 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
DNA sequencing is a reliable tool for identifying genetic variants in osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) but cannot always establish pathogenicity, particularly in variants altering splicing. RNA sequencing can provide functional evidence of the effect of a variant on the transcript but requires cells expressing the relevant genes. Here, we used urine-derived cells (UDC) to characterize genetic variants in patients with suspected or confirmed OI and provide evidence on the pathogenicity of variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Urine samples were obtained from 45 children and adolescents; UDC culture was successful in 40 of these participants (age range 4-20 years, 21 females), including 18 participants with OI or suspected OI who had a candidate variant or VUS on DNA sequencing. RNA was extracted from UDC and sequenced on an Illumina NextSeq550 device. Principal component analysis showed that the gene expression profiles of UDC and fibroblasts (based on Genotype Tissue Expression [GTEx] Consortium data) clustered close together and had less variability than those of whole blood cells. Transcript abundance was sufficient for analysis by RNA sequencing (defined as a median gene expression level of ≥10 transcripts per million) for 25 of the 32 bone fragility genes (78%) that were included in our diagnostic DNA sequencing panel. These results were similar to GTEx data for fibroblasts. Abnormal splicing was identified in 7 of the 8 participants with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in the splice region or deeper within the intron. Abnormal splicing was also observed in 2 VUS (COL1A1 c.2829+5G>A and COL1A2 c.693+6T>G), but no splice abnormality was observed in 3 other VUS. Abnormal deletions and duplications could also be observed in UDC transcripts. In conclusion, UDC are suitable for RNA transcript analysis in patients with suspected OI and can provide functional evidence for pathogenicity, in particular of variants affecting splicing. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karissa Ludwig
- Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - Zenghui Wu
- Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ghalib Bardai
- Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - Patrizia Mason
- Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - Leanne M Ward
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa and Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Pierre Moffatt
- Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, Montreal, Canada
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Wnt-Signaling Regulated by Glucocorticoid-Induced miRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111778. [PMID: 34769207 PMCID: PMC8584097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are pleiotropic hormones which regulate innumerable physiological processes. Their comprehensive effects are due to the diversity of signaling mechanism networks. MiRNAs, small, non-coding RNAs contribute to the fine tuning of signaling pathways and reciprocal regulation between GCs and miRNAs has been suggested. Our aim was to investigate the expressional change and potential function of GC mediated miRNAs. The miRNA expression profile was measured in three models: human adrenocortical adenoma vs. normal tissue, steroid-producing H295R cells and in hormonally inactive HeLa cells before and after dexamethasone treatment. The gene expression profile in 82 control and 57 GC-affected samples was evaluated in GC producing and six different GC target tissue types. Tissue-specific target prediction (TSTP) was applied to identify the most relevant miRNA-mRNA interactions. Glucocorticoid treatment resulted in cell type-dependent miRNA expression changes. However, 19.5% of the influenced signaling pathways were common in all three experiments, of which the Wnt-signaling pathway seemed to be the most affected. Transcriptome data and TSTP showed similar results, as the Wnt pathway was significantly altered in both the GC-producing adrenal gland and all investigated GC target tissue types. In different cell types, different miRNAs led to the regulation of similar pathways. Wnt signaling may be one of the most important signaling pathways affected by hypercortisolism. It is, at least in part, regulated by miRNAs that mediate the glucocorticoid effect. Our findings on GC producing and GC target tissues suggest that the alteration of Wnt signaling (together with other pathways) may be responsible for the leading symptoms observed in Cushing's syndrome.
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Exon-Trapping Assay Improves Clinical Interpretation of COL11A1 and COL11A2 Intronic Variants in Stickler Syndrome Type 2 and Otospondylomegaepiphyseal Dysplasia. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121513. [PMID: 33348901 PMCID: PMC7766184 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stickler syndrome (SS) is a hereditary connective tissue disorder affecting bones, eyes, and hearing. Type 2 SS and the SS variant otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia (OSMED) are caused by deleterious variants in COL11A1 and COL11A2, respectively. In both genes, available database information indicates a high rate of potentially deleterious intronic variants, but published evidence of their biological effect is usually insufficient for a definite clinical interpretation. We report four previously unpublished intronic variants in COL11A1 (c.2241 + 5G>T, c.2809 − 2A>G, c.3168 + 5G>C) and COL11A2 (c.4392 + 1G>A) identified in type 2 SS/OSMED individuals. The pathogenic effect of these variants was first predicted in silico and then investigated by an exon-trapping assay. We demonstrated that all variants can induce exon in-frame deletions, which lead to the synthesis of shorter collagen XI α1 or 2 chains. Lacking residues are located in the α-triple helical region, which has a crucial role in regulating collagen fibrillogenesis. In conclusion, this study suggests that these alternative COL11A1 and COL11A2 transcripts might result in aberrant triple helix collagen. Our approach may help to improve the diagnostic molecular pathway of COL11-related disorders.
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Zhang L, Peng TL, Wang L, Meng XH, Zhu W, Zeng Y, Zhu JQ, Zhou Y, Xiao HM, Deng HW. Network-based Transcriptome-wide Expression Study for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5850085. [PMID: 32483604 PMCID: PMC7320836 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Menopause is a crucial physiological transition during a woman's life, and it occurs with growing risks of health issues like osteoporosis. To identify postmenopausal osteoporosis-related genes, we performed transcriptome-wide expression analyses for human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs) using Affymetrix 1.0 ST arrays in 40 Caucasian postmenopausal women with discordant bone mineral density (BMD) levels. METHODS We performed multiscale embedded gene coexpression network analysis (MEGENA) to study functionally orchestrating clusters of differentially expressed genes in the form of functional networks. Gene sets net correlations analysis (GSNCA) was applied to assess how the coexpression structure of a predefined gene set differs in high and low BMD groups. Bayesian network (BN) analysis was used to identify important regulation patterns between potential risk genes for osteoporosis. A small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA)-based gene silencing in vitro experiment was performed to validate the findings from BN analysis. RESULT MEGENA showed that the "T cell receptor signaling pathway" and the "osteoclast differentiation pathway" were significantly enriched in the identified compact network, which is significantly correlated with BMD variation. GSNCA revealed that the coexpression structure of the "Signaling by TGF-beta receptor complex pathway" is significantly different between the 2 BMD discordant groups; the hub genes in the postmenopausal low and high BMD group are FURIN and SMAD3 respectively. With siRNA in vitro experiments, we confirmed the regulation relationship of TGFBR2-SMAD7 and TGFBR1-SMURF2. MAIN CONCLUSION The present study suggests that biological signals involved in monocyte recruitment, monocyte/macrophage lineage development, osteoclast formation, and osteoclast differentiation might function together in PBMs that contribute to the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Center for Biomedical informatics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Tian-Liu Peng
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Le Wang
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang-He Meng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Center for Biomedical informatics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Yong Zeng
- Center for Biomedical informatics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jia-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yu Zhou
- Center for Biomedical informatics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Hong-Mei Xiao
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Center for Biomedical informatics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Hong-Wen Deng, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. E-mail:
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6
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Hsu YH, Estrada K, Evangelou E, Ackert-Bicknell C, Akesson K, Beck T, Brown SJ, Capellini T, Carbone L, Cauley J, Cheung CL, Cummings SR, Czerwinski S, Demissie S, Econs M, Evans D, Farber C, Gautvik K, Harris T, Kammerer C, Kemp J, Koller DL, Kung A, Lawlor D, Lee M, Lorentzon M, McGuigan F, Medina-Gomez C, Mitchell B, Newman A, Nielson C, Ohlsson C, Peacock M, Reppe S, Richards JB, Robbins J, Sigurdsson G, Spector TD, Stefansson K, Streeten E, Styrkarsdottir U, Tobias J, Trajanoska K, Uitterlinden A, Vandenput L, Wilson SG, Yerges-Armstrong L, Young M, Zillikens C, Rivadeneira F, Kiel DP, Karasik D. Meta-Analysis of Genomewide Association Studies Reveals Genetic Variants for Hip Bone Geometry. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1284-1296. [PMID: 30888730 PMCID: PMC6650334 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hip geometry is an important predictor of fracture. We performed a meta-analysis of GWAS studies in adults to identify genetic variants that are associated with proximal femur geometry phenotypes. We analyzed four phenotypes: (i) femoral neck length; (ii) neck-shaft angle; (iii) femoral neck width, and (iv) femoral neck section modulus, estimated from DXA scans using algorithms of hip structure analysis. In the Discovery stage, 10 cohort studies were included in the fixed-effect meta-analysis, with up to 18,719 men and women ages 16 to 93 years. Association analyses were performed with ∼2.5 million polymorphisms under an additive model adjusted for age, body mass index, and height. Replication analyses of meta-GWAS significant loci (at adjusted genomewide significance [GWS], threshold p ≤ 2.6 × 10-8 ) were performed in seven additional cohorts in silico. We looked up SNPs associated in our analysis, for association with height, bone mineral density (BMD), and fracture. In meta-analysis (combined Discovery and Replication stages), GWS associations were found at 5p15 (IRX1 and ADAMTS16); 5q35 near FGFR4; at 12p11 (in CCDC91); 11q13 (near LRP5 and PPP6R3 (rs7102273)). Several hip geometry signals overlapped with BMD, including LRP5 (chr. 11). Chr. 11 SNP rs7102273 was associated with any-type fracture (p = 7.5 × 10-5 ). We used bone transcriptome data and discovered several significant eQTLs, including rs7102273 and PPP6R3 expression (p = 0.0007), and rs6556301 (intergenic, chr.5 near FGFR4) and PDLIM7 expression (p = 0.005). In conclusion, we found associations between several genes and hip geometry measures that explained 12% to 22% of heritability at different sites. The results provide a defined set of genes related to biological pathways relevant to BMD and etiology of bone fragility. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Karol Estrada
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Cheryl Ackert-Bicknell
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Kristina Akesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
- Department of Orthopedics, Skåne University Hospital, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Thomas Beck
- Beck Radiological Innovations, Baltimore, MD
| | - Suzanne J Brown
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Terence Capellini
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Laura Carbone
- Department of Medicine at the Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Jane Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ching-Lung Cheung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Steven R Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Serkalem Demissie
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Michael Econs
- Department of Medicine and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Daniel Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - Charles Farber
- Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Kaare Gautvik
- Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Unger-Vetlesen Institute, and University of Oslo, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tamara Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, NIA, Bethesda, MD
| | - Candace Kammerer
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - John Kemp
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Daniel L Koller
- Department of Medicine and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Annie Kung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Debbie Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Miryoung Lee
- University of Texas, School of Public Health at Bronwsville, TX
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fiona McGuigan
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Braxton Mitchell
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center - Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anne Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sjur Reppe
- Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Unger-Vetlesen Institute, and University of Oslo, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Brent Richards
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, and Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - John Robbins
- Department of Medicine, University California at Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | | | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Campus, London, UK
| | | | - Elizabeth Streeten
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center - Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | | | - André Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Scott G Wilson
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Campus, London, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | | | - Mariel Young
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - David Karasik
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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7
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Reid IR, Baldock PA, Cornish J. Effects of Leptin on the Skeleton. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:938-959. [PMID: 30184053 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Leptin originates in adipocytes, including those in bone marrow, and circulates in concentrations 20 to 90 times higher than those in the cerebrospinal fluid. It has direct anabolic effects on osteoblasts and chondrocytes, but it also influences bone indirectly, via the hypothalamus and sympathetic nervous system, via changes in body weight, and via effects on the production of other hormones (e.g., pituitary). Leptin's role in bone physiology is determined by the balance of these conflicting effects. Reflecting this inconsistency, the leptin-deficient mouse has reduced length and bone mineral content of long bones but increased vertebral trabecular bone. A consistent bone phenotype in human leptin deficiency has not been established. Systemic leptin administration in animals and humans usually exerts a positive effect on bone mass, and leptin administration into the cerebral ventricles usually normalizes the bone phenotype in leptin-deficient mice. Reflecting the role of the sympathetic nervous system in mediating the central catabolic effects of leptin on the skeleton, β-adrenergic agonists and antagonists have major effects on bone in mice, but this is not consistently seen in humans. The balance of the central and peripheral effects of leptin on bone remains an area of substantial controversy and might vary between species and according to other factors such as body weight, baseline circulating leptin levels, and the presence of specific pathologies. In humans, leptin is likely to contribute to the positive relationship observed between adiposity and bone density, which allows the skeleton to respond appropriately to changes in soft tissue mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Reid
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Endocrinology, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul A Baldock
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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Lindahl K, Åström E, Dragomir A, Symoens S, Coucke P, Larsson S, Paschalis E, Roschger P, Gamsjaeger S, Klaushofer K, Fratzl-Zelman N, Kindmark A. Homozygosity for CREB3L1 premature stop codon in first case of recessive osteogenesis imperfecta associated with OASIS-deficiency to survive infancy. Bone 2018; 114:268-277. [PMID: 29936144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress transducer OASIS (encoded by CREB3L1), cause severe recessive osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) not compatible with surviving the neonatal period, as has been shown in two unrelated families through a whole gene deletion vs. a qualitative alteration of OASIS. Heterozygous carriers in the described families have exhibited a mild phenotype. OASIS is a transcription factor highly expressed in osteoblasts, and OASIS-/- mice exhibit severe osteopenia and spontaneous fractures. Here, we expand the clinical spectrum by a detailed phenotypic characterization of the first case of OASIS-associated OI surviving the neonatal period, with heterozygous family members being unaffected. METHODS All OI-associated genes were sequenced. Primary human osteoblast-like cell (hOB) and fibroblast (FB) cultures were obtained for qPCR, and steady-state collagen biochemistry. FB, hOB and skin biopsies were ultrastructurally analyzed. Bone was analyzed by μCT, histomorphometry, quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI), and Raman microspectroscopy. RESULTS The proband, a boy with severe OI, had blue sclera and tooth agenesis. A homozygous CREB3L1 stop codon mutation was detected by sequencing, while several family members were heterozygotes. Markedly low levels of CREB3L1 mRNA were confirmed by qPCR in hOBs (16%) and FB (21%); however, collagen I levels were only reduced in hOBs (5-10%). Electron microscopy of hOBs showed pronounced alterations, with numerous myelin figures and diminished RER vs. normal ultrastructure of FB. Bone histomorphometry and qBEI were similar to collagen I OI, with low trabecular thickness and mineral apposition rate, and increased bone matrix mineralization. Raman microspectroscopy revealed low level of glycosaminoglycans. Clinical response to life-long bisphosphonate treatment was as expected in severe OI with steadily increasing bone mineral density, but despite this the boy suffered repeated childhood fractures. CONCLUSIONS Deficiency of OASIS can cause severe OI compatible with surviving the neonatal period. A marked decrease of collagen type I transcription was noted in bone tissue, but not in skin, and ultrastructure of hOBs was pathological. Results also suggested OASIS involvement in glycosaminoglycan secretion in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Lindahl
- Dept. of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Eva Åström
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet and Pediatric Neurology, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anca Dragomir
- Dept. of Surgical Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sofie Symoens
- Dept. of Medical Genetics, The University Hospital in Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Coucke
- Dept. of Medical Genetics, The University Hospital in Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sune Larsson
- Dept. of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eleftherios Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Gamsjaeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja Fratzl-Zelman
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Kindmark
- Dept. of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Park KH, Choi Y, Yoon DS, Lee KM, Kim D, Lee JW. Zinc Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Via Activation of the cAMP-PKA-CREB Signaling Pathway. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1125-1135. [PMID: 29848179 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The crucial trace element zinc stimulates osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. However, the pathways mediating these effects remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of zinc on osteoblast differentiation in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and to identify the molecular mechanisms of these effects. In hBMSCs, zinc exposure resulted in a dose-dependent increase in osteogenesis and increased mRNA and protein levels of the master transcriptional factor RUNX2. Analyzing the upstream signaling pathways of RUNX2, we found that protein kinase A (PKA) signaling inhibition blocked zinc-induced osteogenic effects. Zinc exposure increased transcriptional activity and protein levels of phospho-CREB and enhanced translocation of phospho-CREB into the nucleus. These effects were reversed by H-89, a potent inhibitor of PKA. Moreover, zinc exposure led to dose-dependent increases in levels of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). These findings indicate that zinc activates the PKA signaling pathway by triggering an increase in intracellular cAMP, leading to enhanced osteogenic differentiation in hBMSCs. Our results suggest that zinc exerts osteogenic effects in hBMSCs by activation of RUNX2 via the cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway. Zinc supplementation may offer a promise as a potential pharmaceutical therapy for osteoporosis and other bone loss conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hwan Park
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoorim Choi
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, South Korea .,2 Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Suk Yoon
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Kyoung-Mi Lee
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, South Korea .,4 Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine , South Korea
| | - Dohyun Kim
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, South Korea .,2 Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, South Korea .,4 Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine , South Korea
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Philbrick KA, Wong CP, Branscum AJ, Turner RT, Iwaniec UT. Leptin stimulates bone formation in ob/ob mice at doses having minimal impact on energy metabolism. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:461-474. [PMID: 28057869 PMCID: PMC5288125 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Leptin, the protein product of the ob gene, is essential for normal bone growth, maturation and turnover. Peripheral actions of leptin occur at lower serum levels of the hormone than central actions because entry of leptin into the central nervous system (CNS) is limited due to its saturable transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We performed a study in mice to model the impact of leptin production associated with different levels of adiposity on bone formation and compared the response with well-established centrally mediated actions of the hormone on energy metabolism. Leptin was infused (0, 4, 12, 40, 140 or 400 ng/h) for 12 days into 6-week-old female ob/ob mice (n = 8/group) using sc-implanted osmotic pumps. Treatment resulted in a dose-associated increase in serum leptin. Bone formation parameters were increased at EC50 infusion rates of 7-17 ng/h, whereas higher levels (EC50, 40-80 ng/h) were required to similarly influence indices of energy metabolism. We then analyzed gene expression in tibia and hypothalamus at dose rates of 0, 12 and 140 ng/h; the latter dose resulted in serum leptin levels similar to WT mice. Infusion with 12 ng/h leptin increased the expression of genes associated with Jak/Stat signaling and bone formation in tibia with minimal effect on Jak/Stat signaling and neurotransmitters in hypothalamus. The results suggest that leptin acts peripherally to couple bone acquisition to energy availability and that limited transport across the BBB insures that the growth-promoting actions of peripheral leptin are not curtailed by the hormone's CNS-mediated anorexigenic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Philbrick
- Skeletal Biology LaboratorySchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Carmen P Wong
- Skeletal Biology LaboratorySchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Adam J Branscum
- Biostatistics ProgramSchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Russell T Turner
- Skeletal Biology LaboratorySchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging ResearchOregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Urszula T Iwaniec
- Skeletal Biology LaboratorySchool of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging ResearchOregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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11
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The brain–joint axis in osteoarthritis: nerves, circadian clocks and beyond. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2016; 12:508-16. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Niu CC, Lin SS, Chen WJ, Liu SJ, Chen LH, Yang CY, Wang CJ, Yuan LJ, Chen PH, Cheng HY. Benefits of biphasic calcium phosphate hybrid scaffold-driven osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through upregulated leptin receptor expression. J Orthop Surg Res 2015; 10:111. [PMID: 26179165 PMCID: PMC4506435 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-015-0236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and coralline hydroxyapatite (HA) or biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) as a bone substitute for posterolateral spinal fusion has been reported. However, the genes and molecular signals by which MSCs interact with their surrounding environment require further elucidation. Methods MSCs were harvested from bone grafting patients and identified by flow cytometry. A composite scaffold was developed using poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) copolymer, coralline HA, BCP, and collagen as a carrier matrix for MSCs. The gene expression profiles of MSCs cultured in the scaffolds were measured by microarrays. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of the MSCs was assessed, and the expression of osteogenic genes and proteins was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and Western blotting. Furthermore, we cultured rabbit MSCs in BCP or coralline HA hybrid scaffolds and transplanted these mixtures into rabbits for spinal fusion. We investigated the differences between BCP and coralline HA hybrid scaffolds by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and computed tomography (CT). Results Tested in vitro, the cells were negative for hematopoietic cell markers and positive for MSC markers. There was higher expression of 80 genes and lower of 101 genes of MSCs cultured in BCP hybrid scaffolds. Some of these genes have been shown to play a role in osteogenesis of MSCs. In addition, MSCs cultured in BCP hybrid scaffolds produced more messenger RNA (mRNA) for osteopontin, osteocalcin, Runx2, and leptin receptor (leptin-R) than those cultured in coralline HA hybrid scaffolds. Western blotting showed more Runx2 and leptin-R protein expression in BCP hybrid scaffolds. For in vivo results, 3D reconstructed CT images showed continuous bone bridges and fusion mass incorporated with the transverse processes. Bone mineral content (BMC) values were higher in the BCP hybrid scaffold group than in the coralline HA hybrid scaffold group. Conclusions The BCP hybrid scaffold for osteogenesis of MSCs is better than the coralline HA hybrid scaffold by upregulating expression of leptin-R. This was consistent with in vivo data, which indicated that BCP hybrid scaffolds induced more bone formation in a spinal fusion model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chien Niu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fu-Hsing Street 333, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Song-Shu Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fu-Hsing Street 333, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Jer Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fu-Hsing Street 333, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Jung Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Lih-Huei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fu-Hsing Street 333, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chuen-Yung Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fu-Hsing Street 333, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Jan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Jen Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fu-Hsing Street 333, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Han Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fu-Hsing Street 333, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Yang Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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13
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Yamamoto Y, Ueyama T, Ito T, Tsuruo Y. Downregulation of growth hormone 1 gene in the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex of rats with depressive-like behavior. Physiol Genomics 2015; 47:170-6. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00119.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive-like behaviors in animals are usually assessed by standardized behavioral tests such as the forced swimming test (FST). However, individual variation in test performance may obscure group differences and thereby hinder the discovery of genes responsible for depression. Few reports have shown the influence of individual variability in identifying the genes associated with depressive-like behaviors. In this study, we conducted microarray analysis to identify genes differentially expressed in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and cerebellum of rats stratified by FST immobility ratio (% immobility in 5 min) into a control group [immobility ratio: −1 to +1 standard deviation (SD) from the mean] and a depressive group (immobility ratio: +1 to +2 SDs above the mean). Genes differentially expressed in both the cerebellum and PFC of the depressive group were Alas2, Gh1, Hba-a2, Hbb, Hbb-b1, Hbe2, LOC689064, Mrps10, Mybpc, Olf6415, and Pfkb1. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified Gh1 as a hub gene in the networks of differentially expressed genes in both brain regions. This study indicates that the depressive-like behavior may be related to the decrease of Gh1 expression in the cerebellum and PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueyama
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takao Ito
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tsuruo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
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14
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Vázquez-Villa F, García-Ocaña M, Galván JA, García-Martínez J, García-Pravia C, Menéndez-Rodríguez P, González-del Rey C, Barneo-Serra L, de Los Toyos JR. COL11A1/(pro)collagen 11A1 expression is a remarkable biomarker of human invasive carcinoma-associated stromal cells and carcinoma progression. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:2213-22. [PMID: 25761876 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The COL11A1 human gene codes for the α1 chain of procollagen 11A1 and mature collagen 11A1, an extracellular minor fibrillar collagen. Under regular conditions, this gene and its derived products are mainly expressed by chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells as well as osteoblasts. Normal epithelial cells and quiescent fibroblasts from diverse locations do not express them. Mesenchyme-derived tumors and related conditions, such as scleroderma and keloids, are positive for COL11A1/(pro)collagen 11A1 expression, as well as high-grade human gliomas/glioblastomas. This expression is almost absent in benign pathological processes such as breast hyperplasia, sclerosing adenosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cirrhosis, pancreatitis, diverticulitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. By contrast, COL11A1/(pro)collagen 11A1 is highly expressed by activated stromal cells of the desmoplastic reaction of different human invasive carcinomas, and this expression is correlated with carcinoma aggressiveness and progression, and lymph node metastasis. COL11A1 upregulation has been shown to be associated to TGF-β1, Wnt, and Hh signaling pathways, which are especially active in cancer-associated stromal cells. At the front of invasive carcinomas, neoplastic epithelial cells, putatively undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and carcinoma-derived cells with highly metastatic capabilities, can express COL11A1. Thus, in established metastases, the expression of COL11A1/(pro)collagen 11A1 could rely on both the metastatic epithelial cells and/or the accompanying activated stromal cells. COL11A1/(pro)collagen 11A1 expression is a remarkable biomarker of human carcinoma-associated stromal cells and carcinoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vázquez-Villa
- Surgery Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
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15
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Galván JA, García-Martínez J, Vázquez-Villa F, García-Ocaña M, García-Pravia C, Menéndez-Rodríguez P, González-del Rey C, Barneo-Serra L, de los Toyos JR. Validation of COL11A1/procollagen 11A1 expression in TGF-β1-activated immortalised human mesenchymal cells and in stromal cells of human colon adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:867. [PMID: 25417197 PMCID: PMC4246482 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The human COL11A1 gene has been shown to be up-regulated in stromal cells of colorectal tumours, but, so far, the immunodetection of procollagen 11A1, the primary protein product of COL11A1, has not been studied in detail in human colon adenocarcinomas. Some cancer-associated stromal cells seem to be derived from bone marrow mesenchymal cells; the expression of the COL11A1 gene and the parallel immunodetection of procollagen 11A1 have not been evaluated in these latter cells, either. Methods We used quantitative RT-PCR and/or immunocytochemistry to study the expression of DES/desmin, VIM/vimentin, ACTA2/αSMA (alpha smooth muscle actin) and COL11A1/procollagen 11A1 in HCT 116 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, in immortalised human bone marrow mesenchymal cells and in human colon adenocarcinoma-derived cultured stromal cells. The immunodetection of procollagen 11A1 was performed with the new recently described DMTX1/1E8.33 mouse monoclonal antibody. Human colon adenocarcinomas and non-malignant colon tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry as well. Statistical associations were sought between anti-procollagen 11A1 immunoscoring and patient clinicopathological features. Results Procollagen 11A1 was immunodetected in human bone marrow mesenchymal cells and in human colon adenocarcinoma-associated spindle-shaped stromal cells but not in colon epithelial or stromal cells of the normal colon. This immunodetection paralleled, in both kinds of cells, that of the other mesenchymal-related biomarkers studied: vimentin and alpha smooth muscle actin, but not desmin. Thus, procollagen 11A1+ adenocarcinoma-associated stromal cells are similar to “activated myofibroblasts”. In the series of human colon adenocarcinomas here studied, a high procollagen 11A1 expression was associated with nodal involvement (p = 0.05), the development of distant metastases (p = 0.017), and advanced Dukes stages (p = 0.047). Conclusion The immunodetection of procollagen 11A1 in cancer-associated stromal cells could be a useful biomarker for human colon adenocarcinoma characterisation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-867) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Juan R de los Toyos
- Oncology University Institute of the Principality of Asturias (IUOPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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The macrophage inflammatory proteins MIP1α (CCL3) and MIP2α (CXCL2) in implant-associated osteomyelitis: linking inflammation to bone degradation. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:728619. [PMID: 24795505 PMCID: PMC3984830 DOI: 10.1155/2014/728619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections of bones remain a serious complication of endoprosthetic surgery. These infections are difficult to treat, because many bacterial species form biofilms on implants, which are relatively resistant towards antibiotics. Bacterial biofilms elicit a progressive local inflammatory response, resulting in tissue damage and bone degradation. In the majority of patients, replacement of the prosthesis is required. To address the question of how the local inflammatory response is linked to bone degradation, tissue samples were taken during surgery and gene expression of the macrophage inflammatory proteins MIP1α (CCL3) and MIP2α (CXCL2) was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. MIPs were expressed predominantly at osteolytic sites, in close correlation with CD14 which was used as marker for monocytes/macrophages. Colocalisation of MIPs with monocytic cells could be confirmed by histology. In vitro experiments revealed that, aside from monocytic cells, also osteoblasts were capable of MIP production when stimulated with bacteria; moreover, CCL3 induced the differentiation of monocytes to osteoclasts. In conclusion, the multifunctional chemokines CCL3 and CXCL2 are produced locally in response to bacterial infection of bones. In addition to their well described chemokine activity, these cytokines can induce generation of bone resorbing osteoclasts, thus providing a link between bacterial infection and osteolysis.
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Boyd AL, Salci KR, Shapovalova Z, McIntyre BAS, Bhatia M. Nonhematopoietic cells represent a more rational target of in vivo hedgehog signaling affecting normal or acute myeloid leukemia progenitors. Exp Hematol 2013; 41:858-869.e4. [PMID: 23747997 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2013.05.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent work has shown that leukemic stem cell self-renewal in chronic myeloid leukemia is dependent on cell-intrinsic hedgehog (Hh) signaling, and early clinical trials suggest that targeting this pathway is also therapeutic in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, we aimed to better understand Hh signaling in normal hematopoiesis and AML by molecularly and functionally analyzing more than 200 primary human AML patient samples compared with nonleukemic controls. Gene expression analysis indicated that Hh pathway transcripts were similarly regulated in AML and nonleukemic controls, regardless of whether samples were purified based on primitive phenotypes. Consistent with these results, pharmacologic inhibition of Smoothened (SMO) did not preferentially reduce in vitro colony formation of AML versus normal progenitors. Using a unique analytic approach, messenger RNA expression of membrane receptor SMO was found to be unexpectedly rare within all hematopoietic samples analyzed, which is indicative of heterogeneity at the level of Hh signaling machinery. In contrast, abundant SMO expression could be readily detected in the nonhematopoietic fraction of human and murine bone marrow (BM) cells. Our predictions of increased SMO(+) cell frequencies within nonhematopoietic BM fractions were further supported by single-cell protein analyses. Although we did not find support for cell-autonomous sensitivity of AML cells to Hh pathway inhibition, we alternatively suggest that nonhematopoietic BM cells represent an indirect target through which primitive normal and leukemic cells can be modulated. These findings suggest current approaches to applying Hh inhibition should be carefully reevaluated to account for BM niche cell regulation that might be selectively Hh responsive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Boyd
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Karasik D, Cohen-Zinder M. The genetic pleiotropy of musculoskeletal aging. Front Physiol 2012; 3:303. [PMID: 22934054 PMCID: PMC3429074 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal aging is detrimental to multiple bodily functions and starts early, probably in the fourth decade of an individual's life. Sarcopenia is a health problem that is expected to only increase as a greater portion of the population lives longer; prevalence of the related musculoskeletal diseases is similarly expected to increase. Unraveling the biological and biomechanical associations and molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases represents a formidable challenge. There are two major problems making disentangling the biological complexity of musculoskeletal aging difficult: (a) it is a systemic, rather than "compartmental," problem, which should be approached accordingly, and (b) the aging per se is neither well defined nor reliably measurable. A unique challenge of studying any age-related condition is a need of distinguishing between the "norm" and "pathology," which are interwoven throughout the aging organism. We argue that detecting genes with pleiotropic functions in musculoskeletal aging is needed to provide insights into the potential biological mechanisms underlying inter-individual differences insusceptibility to the musculoskeletal diseases. However, exploring pleiotropic relationships among the system's components is challenging both methodologically and conceptually. We aimed to focus on genetic aspects of the cross-talk between muscle and its "neighboring" tissues and organs (tendon, bone, and cartilage), and to explore the role of genetics to find the new molecular links between skeletal muscle and other parts of the "musculoskeleton." Identification of significant genetic variants underlying the musculoskeletal system's aging is now possible more than ever due to the currently available advanced genomic technologies. In summary, a "holistic" genetic approach is needed to study the systems's normal functioning and the disease predisposition in order to improve musculoskeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Karasik
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University Safed, Israel
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Grundberg E, Adoue V, Kwan T, Ge B, Duan QL, Lam KCL, Koka V, Kindmark A, Weiss ST, Tantisira K, Mallmin H, Raby BA, Nilsson O, Pastinen T. Global analysis of the impact of environmental perturbation on cis-regulation of gene expression. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1001279. [PMID: 21283786 PMCID: PMC3024267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants altering cis-regulation of normal gene expression (cis-eQTLs) have been extensively mapped in human cells and tissues, but the extent by which controlled, environmental perturbation influences cis-eQTLs is unclear. We carried out large-scale induction experiments using primary human bone cells derived from unrelated donors of Swedish origin treated with 18 different stimuli (7 treatments and 2 controls, each assessed at 2 time points). The treatments with the largest impact on the transcriptome, verified on two independent expression arrays, included BMP-2 (t = 2h), dexamethasone (DEX) (t = 24h), and PGE2 (t = 24h). Using these treatments and control, we performed expression profiling for 18,144 RefSeq transcripts on biological replicates of the complete study cohort of 113 individuals (ntotal = 782) and combined it with genome-wide SNP-genotyping data in order to map treatment-specific cis-eQTLs (defined as SNPs located within the gene ±250 kb). We found that 93% of cis-eQTLs at 1% FDR were observed in at least one additional treatment, and in fact, on average, only 1.4% of the cis-eQTLs were considered as treatment-specific at high confidence. The relative invariability of cis-regulation following perturbation was reiterated independently by genome-wide allelic expression tests where only a small proportion of variance could be attributed to treatment. Treatment-specific cis-regulatory effects were, however, 2- to 6-fold more abundant among differently expressed genes upon treatment. We further followed-up and validated the DEX–specific cis-regulation of the MYO6 and TNC loci and found top cis-regulatory variants located 180 kb and 250 kb upstream of the transcription start sites, respectively. Our results suggest that, as opposed to tissue-specificity of cis-eQTLs, the interactions between cellular environment and cis-variants are relatively rare (∼1.5%), but that detection of such specific interactions can be achieved by a combination of functional genomic approaches as described here. Population variation in normal gene expression has been convincingly shown to be under strong genetic control where the main genetic variants are located within close proximity to the gene itself (so called cis-acting). However, the extent to which controlled, environmental stimuli influences cis-regulation of gene expression is unclear. Here, we combine different functional genomic approaches and examine the role of common genetic variants on induced gene expression in a population panel of primary human cells derived from ∼100 unrelated donors treated under multiple conditions. Using these approaches, we find that the interaction between cellular environment and cis-variants are relatively rare, with only a small proportion of the identified genetic variants being specific to treatment. However, although treatment-specific genetic regulation of gene expression seems to be infrequent, we prove its existence by thorough validation of treatment-specific effects of the glucocorticoid-specific regulation of TNC expression. Taken together, these findings indicate that the regulatory landscape within a cell is very stable but, by combining functional genomic tools gene-environmental interactions of clinical importance, can be detected and possibly used as biomarkers in future pharmacogenomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Grundberg
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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20
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Granchi D, Ochoa G, Leonardi E, Devescovi V, Baglìo SR, Osaba L, Baldini N, Ciapetti G. Gene expression patterns related to osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells during ex vivo expansion. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 16:511-24. [PMID: 19686055 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2009.0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow is commonly used as a source of adult multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), defined for their ability to differentiate in vitro into multiple lineages. The ex vivo-expanded MSCs are currently being evaluated as a strategy for the restoration of function in damaged skeletal tissue, both in cell therapy and tissue engineering applications. The aim of this study was to define gene expression patterns underlying the differentiation of MSCs into mature osteoblasts during the expansion in vitro, and to explore a variety of cell functions that cannot be easily evaluated using morphological, cytochemical, and biochemical assays. Cell cultures were obtained from bone marrow samples of six individuals undergoing total hip replacement, and a large-scale transcriptome analysis, using Affymetrix HG-U133A Plus 2.0 array (Affymetrix((R)), Santa Clara, CA), was performed at the occurrence of specific events, including the appearance of MSC surface markers, formation of colonies, and deposition of mineral nodules. We focused our attention on 213 differentially upregulated genes, some belonging to well-known pathways and some having one or more Gene Ontology annotations related to bone cell biology, including angiogenesis, bone-related genes, cell communication, development and morphogenesis, transforming growth factor-beta signaling, and Wnt signaling. Twenty-nine genes, whose role in bone cell pathophysiology has not been described yet, were found. In conclusion, gene expression patterns that characterize the early, intermediate, and late phases of the osteogenic differentiation process of ex vivo-expanded MSCs were defined. These signatures represent a useful tool to monitor the osteogenic process, and to analyze a broad spectrum of functions of MSCs cultured on scaffolds, especially when the constructs are conceived for releasing growth factors or other signals to promote bone regeneration.
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21
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Maronde E, Schilling AF, Seitz S, Schinke T, Schmutz I, van der Horst G, Amling M, Albrecht U. The clock genes Period 2 and Cryptochrome 2 differentially balance bone formation. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11527. [PMID: 20634945 PMCID: PMC2902506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clock genes and their protein products regulate circadian rhythms in mammals but have also been implicated in various physiological processes, including bone formation. Osteoblasts build new mineralized bone whereas osteoclasts degrade it thereby balancing bone formation. To evaluate the contribution of clock components in this process, we investigated mice mutant in clock genes for a bone volume phenotype. Methodology/Principal Findings We found that Per2Brdm1 mutant mice as well as mice lacking Cry2−/− displayed significantly increased bone volume at 12 weeks of age, when bone turnover is high. Per2Brdm1 mutant mice showed alterations in parameters specific for osteoblasts whereas mice lacking Cry2−/− displayed changes in osteoclast specific parameters. Interestingly, inactivation of both Per2 and Cry2 genes leads to normal bone volume as observed in wild type animals. Importantly, osteoclast parameters affected due to the lack of Cry2, remained at the level seen in the Cry2−/− mutants despite the simultaneous inactivation of Per2. Conclusions/Significance This indicates that Cry2 and Per2 affect distinct pathways in the regulation of bone volume with Cry2 influencing mostly the osteoclastic cellular component of bone and Per2 acting on osteoblast parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Maronde
- Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie, Institute for Anatomy III, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- * E-mail: (EM); (UA)
| | - Arndt F. Schilling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seitz
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Schmutz
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gijsbertus van der Horst
- Department of Genetics, Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Urs Albrecht
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (EM); (UA)
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22
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Rivadeneira F, Styrkársdottir U, Estrada K, Halldórsson BV, Hsu YH, Richards JB, Zillikens MC, Kavvoura FK, Amin N, Aulchenko YS, Cupples LA, Deloukas P, Demissie S, Grundberg E, Hofman A, Kong A, Karasik D, van Meurs JB, Oostra B, Pastinen T, Pols HA, Sigurdsson G, Soranzo N, Thorleifsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Williams FMK, Wilson SG, Zhou Y, Ralston SH, van Duijn CM, Spector T, Kiel DP, Stefansson K, Ioannidis JP, Uitterlinden AG. Twenty bone-mineral-density loci identified by large-scale meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies. Nat Genet 2009; 41:1199-206. [PMID: 19801982 PMCID: PMC2783489 DOI: 10.1038/ng.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) is a heritable complex trait used in the clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis and the assessment of fracture risk. We performed meta-analysis of five genome-wide association studies of femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD in 19,195 subjects of Northern European descent. We identified 20 BMD loci that reached genome-wide significance (GWS; P < 5 x 10(-8)), of which 13 map to regions not previously associated with this trait: 1p31.3 (GPR177), 2p21 (SPTBN1), 3p22 (CTNNB1), 4q21.1 (MEPE), 5q14 (MEF2C), 7p14 (STARD3NL), 7q21.3 (FLJ42280), 11p11.2 (LRP4, ARHGAP1, F2), 11p14.1 (DCDC5), 11p15 (SOX6), 16q24 (FOXL1), 17q21 (HDAC5) and 17q12 (CRHR1). The meta-analysis also confirmed at GWS level seven known BMD loci on 1p36 (ZBTB40), 6q25 (ESR1), 8q24 (TNFRSF11B), 11q13.4 (LRP5), 12q13 (SP7), 13q14 (TNFSF11) and 18q21 (TNFRSF11A). The many SNPs associated with BMD map to genes in signaling pathways with relevance to bone metabolism and highlight the complex genetic architecture that underlies osteoporosis and variation in BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
| | | | - Karol Estrada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02131 USA
| | - J. Brent Richards
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, H3G 1Y6 Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, H3G 1Y6 Canada
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - M. Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
| | - Fotini K. Kavvoura
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
| | - Yurii S. Aulchenko
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118 USA
| | | | - Serkalem Demissie
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118 USA
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, H3G 1Y6 Canada
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, H3A 1A4, Canada
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
| | | | - David Karasik
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02131 USA
| | - Joyce B. van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Oostra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, H3G 1Y6 Canada
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, H3A 1A4, Canada
| | - Huibert A.P. Pols
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
| | - Gunnar Sigurdsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, 108 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, H3G 1Y6 Canada
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Frances MK Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Scott G. Wilson
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine & Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia and Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia
| | - Yanhua Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118 USA
| | - Stuart H. Ralston
- Rheumatic Diseases Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | | | - Timothy Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas P. Kiel
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02131 USA
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - John P.A. Ioannidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina 45110, Greece
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Modeling, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
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23
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Kwan T, Grundberg E, Koka V, Ge B, Lam KCL, Dias C, Kindmark A, Mallmin H, Ljunggren O, Rivadeneira F, Estrada K, van Meurs JB, Uitterlinden A, Karlsson M, Ohlsson C, Mellström D, Nilsson O, Pastinen T, Majewski J. Tissue effect on genetic control of transcript isoform variation. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000608. [PMID: 19680542 PMCID: PMC2719916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Current genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are moving towards the use of large cohorts of primary cell lines to study a disease of interest and to assign biological relevance to the genetic signals identified. Here, we use a panel of human osteoblasts (HObs) to carry out a transcriptomic survey, similar to recent studies in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). The distinct nature of HObs and LCLs is reflected by the preferential grouping of cell type–specific genes within biologically and functionally relevant pathways unique to each tissue type. We performed cis-association analysis with SNP genotypes to identify genetic variations of transcript isoforms, and our analysis indicates that differential expression of transcript isoforms in HObs is also partly controlled by cis-regulatory genetic variants. These isoforms are regulated by genetic variants in both a tissue-specific and tissue-independent fashion, and these associations have been confirmed by RT–PCR validation. Our study suggests that multiple transcript isoforms are often present in both tissues and that genetic control may affect the relative expression of one isoform to another, rather than having an all-or-none effect. Examination of the top SNPs from a GWAS of bone mineral density show overlap with probeset associations observed in this study. The top hit corresponding to the FAM118A gene was tested for association studies in two additional clinical studies, revealing a novel transcript isoform variant. Our approach to examining transcriptome variation in multiple tissue types is useful for detecting the proportion of genetic variation common to different cell types and for the identification of cell-specific isoform variants that may be functionally relevant, an important follow-up step for GWAS. The transcriptome of any given cell type is a complex program of controlled gene expression underlying its biological function. An additional layer of molecular complexity involving individual genetic variation can modulate the transcriptome within the same tissue type, conferring potential phenotypic differences between individuals at the cellular level. This study highlights common and unique aspects of the transcriptome between the well-characterized lymphoblastoid cell lines from the International HapMap Project and those of a cultured primary cell type, human osteoblasts. We observe that inter-individual genetic variation can regulate transcript isoform expression in tissue-specific and tissue-independent manners, indicating that genetic differences among individuals can alter the transcriptome in one or more tissues, ultimately leading to altered biological functions within the lymphoblasts and/or osteoblasts. Pursuant to this, genome wide association studies on bone mineral density (BMD) have identified a number of significant loci and polymorphisms highly linked to the BMD quantitative phenotype. A small proportion of these polymorphisms overlap with our highly significant SNPs regulating the osteoblast transcriptome, revealing a potential molecular basis for this phenotype at the transcriptional level. This study highlights the importance of examining the differing transcriptomes and cis-regulatory mechanisms governing the biological and functional roles of varied tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Kwan
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
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24
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Grundberg E, Kwan T, Ge B, Lam KCL, Koka V, Kindmark A, Mallmin H, Dias J, Verlaan DJ, Ouimet M, Sinnett D, Rivadeneira F, Estrada K, Hofman A, van Meurs JM, Uitterlinden A, Beaulieu P, Graziani A, Harmsen E, Ljunggren O, Ohlsson C, Mellström D, Karlsson MK, Nilsson O, Pastinen T. Population genomics in a disease targeted primary cell model. Genome Res 2009; 19:1942-52. [PMID: 19654370 DOI: 10.1101/gr.095224.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The common genetic variants associated with complex traits typically lie in noncoding DNA and may alter gene regulation in a cell type-specific manner. Consequently, the choice of tissue or cell model in the dissection of disease associations is important. We carried out an expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) study of primary human osteoblasts (HOb) derived from 95 unrelated donors of Swedish origin, each represented by two independently derived primary lines to provide biological replication. We combined our data with publicly available information from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of bone mineral density (BMD). The top 2000 BMD-associated SNPs (P < approximately 10(-3)) were tested for cis-association of gene expression in HObs and in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) using publicly available data and showed that HObs have a significantly greater enrichment (threefold) of converging cis-eQTLs as compared to LCLs. The top 10 BMD loci with SNPs showing strong cis-effects on gene expression in HObs (P = 6 x 10(-10) - 7 x 10(-16)) were selected for further validation using a staged design in two cohorts of Caucasian male subjects. All 10 variants were tested in the Swedish MrOS Cohort (n = 3014), providing evidence for two novel BMD loci (SRR and MSH3). These variants were then tested in the Rotterdam Study (n = 2090), yielding converging evidence for BMD association at the 17p13.3 SRR locus (P(combined) = 5.6 x 10(-5)). The cis-regulatory effect was further fine-mapped to the proximal promoter of the SRR gene (rs3744270, r(2) = 0.5, P = 2.6 x 10(-15)). Our results suggest that primary cells relevant to disease phenotypes complement traditional approaches for prioritization and validation of GWAS hits for follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Grundberg
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal H3A 1B1, Canada
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25
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Verlaan DJ, Ge B, Grundberg E, Hoberman R, Lam KCL, Koka V, Dias J, Gurd S, Martin NW, Mallmin H, Nilsson O, Harmsen E, Dewar K, Kwan T, Pastinen T. Targeted screening of cis-regulatory variation in human haplotypes. Genome Res 2008; 19:118-27. [PMID: 18971308 DOI: 10.1101/gr.084798.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory cis-acting variants account for a large proportion of gene expression variability in populations. Cis-acting differences can be specifically measured by comparing relative levels of allelic transcripts within a sample. Allelic expression (AE) mapping for cis-regulatory variant discovery has been hindered by the requirements of having informative or heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes in order to assign the allelic origin of each transcript. In this study we have developed an approach to systematically screen for heritable cis-variants in common human haplotypes across >1,000 genes. In order to achieve the highest level of information per haplotype studied, we carried out allelic expression measurements by using both intronic and exonic SNPs in primary transcripts. We used a novel RNA pooling strategy in immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) and primary human osteoblast cell lines (HObs) to allow for high-throughput AE. Screening hits from RNA pools were further validated by performing allelic expression mapping in individual samples. Our results indicate that >10% of expressed genes in human LCLs show genotype-linked AE. In addition, we have validated cis-acting variants in over 20 genes linked with common disease susceptibility in recent genome-wide studies. More generally, our results indicate that RNA pooling coupled with AE read-out by second generation sequencing or by other methods provides a high-throughput tool for cataloging the impact of common noncoding variants in the human genome.
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26
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Sigurdsson S, Nordmark G, Garnier S, Grundberg E, Kwan T, Nilsson O, Eloranta ML, Gunnarsson I, Svenungsson E, Sturfelt G, Bengtsson AA, Jönsen A, Truedsson L, Rantapää-Dahlqvist S, Eriksson C, Alm G, Göring HHH, Pastinen T, Syvänen AC, Rönnblom L. A risk haplotype of STAT4 for systemic lupus erythematosus is over-expressed, correlates with anti-dsDNA and shows additive effects with two risk alleles of IRF5. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 17:2868-76. [PMID: 18579578 PMCID: PMC2525501 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototype autoimmune disease where genes regulated by type I interferon (IFN) are over-expressed and contribute to the disease pathogenesis. Because signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) plays a key role in the type I IFN receptor signaling, we performed a candidate gene study of a comprehensive set of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in STAT4 in Swedish patients with SLE. We found that 10 out of 53 analyzed SNPs in STAT4 were associated with SLE, with the strongest signal of association (P = 7.1 x 10(-8)) for two perfectly linked SNPs rs10181656 and rs7582694. The risk alleles of these 10 SNPs form a common risk haplotype for SLE (P = 1.7 x 10(-5)). According to conditional logistic regression analysis the SNP rs10181656 or rs7582694 accounts for all of the observed association signal. By quantitative analysis of the allelic expression of STAT4 we found that the risk allele of STAT4 was over-expressed in primary human cells of mesenchymal origin, but not in B-cells, and that the risk allele of STAT4 was over-expressed (P = 8.4 x 10(-5)) in cells carrying the risk haplotype for SLE compared with cells with a non-risk haplotype. The risk allele of the SNP rs7582694 in STAT4 correlated to production of anti-dsDNA (double-stranded DNA) antibodies and displayed a multiplicatively increased, 1.82-fold risk of SLE with two independent risk alleles of the IRF5 (interferon regulatory factor 5) gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snaevar Sigurdsson
- Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
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