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Lin Y, Chen Y, Luo Z, Wu YL. Recent advances in biomaterial designs for assisting CAR-T cell therapy towards potential solid tumor treatment. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3226-3242. [PMID: 38284230 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05768b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells have shown promising outcomes in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. However, CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumor treatment has been significantly hindered, due to the complex manufacturing process, difficulties in proliferation and infiltration, lack of precision, or poor visualization ability. Fortunately, recent reports have shown that functional biomaterial designs such as nanoparticles, polymers, hydrogels, or implantable scaffolds might have potential to address the above challenges. In this review, we aim to summarize the recent advances in the designs of functional biomaterials for assisting CAR-T cell therapy for potential solid tumor treatments. Firstly, by enabling efficient CAR gene delivery in vivo and in vitro, functional biomaterials can streamline the difficult process of CAR-T cell therapy manufacturing. Secondly, they might also serve as carriers for drugs and bioactive molecules, promoting the proliferation and infiltration of CAR-T cells. Furthermore, a number of functional biomaterial designs with immunomodulatory properties might modulate the tumor microenvironment, which could provide a platform for combination therapies or improve the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy through synergistic therapeutic effects. Last but not least, the current challenges with biomaterials-based CAR-T therapies will also be discussed, which might be helpful for the future design of CAR-T therapy in solid tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Zheng Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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2
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Montoliu L. Transgenesis and Genome Engineering: A Historical Review. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2631:1-32. [PMID: 36995662 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2990-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Our ability to modify DNA molecules and to introduce them into mammalian cells or embryos almost appears in parallel, starting from the 1970s of the last century. Genetic engineering techniques rapidly developed between 1970 and 1980. In contrast, robust procedures to microinject or introduce DNA constructs into individuals did not take off until 1980 and evolved during the following two decades. For some years, it was only possible to add transgenes, de novo, of different formats, including artificial chromosomes, in a variety of vertebrate species or to introduce specific mutations essentially in mice, thanks to the gene-targeting methods by homologous recombination approaches using mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. Eventually, genome-editing tools brought the possibility to add or inactivate DNA sequences, at specific sites, at will, irrespective of the animal species involved. Together with a variety of additional techniques, this chapter will summarize the milestones in the transgenesis and genome engineering fields from the 1970s to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluis Montoliu
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC) and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Mokkapati S, Narayan VM, Manyam GC, Lim AH, Duplisea JJ, Kokorovic A, Miest TS, Mitra AP, Plote D, Anand SS, Metcalfe MJ, Dunner K, Johnson BA, Czerniak BA, Nieminen T, Heikura T, Yla-Herttuala S, Parker NR, Schluns KS, McConkey DJ, Dinney CP. Lentiviral interferon: A novel method for gene therapy in bladder cancer. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 26:141-157. [PMID: 35847448 PMCID: PMC9251210 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon alpha (IFNα) gene therapy is emerging as a new treatment option for patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Adenoviral vectors expressing IFNα have shown clinical efficacy treating bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-unresponsive bladder cancer (BLCA). However, transient transgene expression and adenoviral immunogenicity may limit therapeutic activity. Lentiviral vectors can achieve stable transgene expression and are less immunogenic. In this study, we evaluated lentiviral vectors expressing murine IFNα (LV-IFNα) and demonstrate IFNα expression by transduced murine BLCA cell lines, bladder urothelium, and within the urine following intravesical instillation. Murine BLCA cell lines (MB49 and UPPL1541) were sensitive to IFN-mediated cell death after LV-IFNα, whereas BBN975 was inherently resistant. Upregulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) predicted sensitivity to IFN-mediated cell death mediated by caspase signaling, which when inhibited abrogated IFN-mediated cell killing. Intravesical therapy with LV-IFNα/Syn3 in a syngeneic BLCA model significantly improved survival, and molecular analysis of treated tumors revealed upregulation of apoptotic and immune-cell-mediated death pathways. In particular, biomarker discovery analysis identified three clinically actionable targets, PD-L1, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and ALDHA1A, in murine tumors treated with LV-IFNα/Syn3. Our findings warrant the comparison of adenoviral and LV-IFNα and the study of novel combination strategies with IFNα gene therapy for the BLCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharada Mokkapati
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
- Corresponding author Sharada Mokkapati, PhD, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA.
| | - Vikram M. Narayan
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Ganiraju C. Manyam
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Amy H. Lim
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Jonathan J. Duplisea
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Andrea Kokorovic
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Tanner S. Miest
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Anirban P. Mitra
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Devin Plote
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Selvalakshmi Selvaraj Anand
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Michael J. Metcalfe
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Kenneth Dunner
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Burles A. Johnson
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, John Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, John Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bogdan A. Czerniak
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Tiina Nieminen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tommi Heikura
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Seppo Yla-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Kimberley S. Schluns
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - David J. McConkey
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, John Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, John Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Colin P. Dinney
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
- Corresponding author Colin P. Dinney, MD, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, CPB7.3279, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Yew CHT, Gurumoorthy N, Nordin F, Tye GJ, Wan Kamarul Zaman WS, Tan JJ, Ng MH. Integrase deficient lentiviral vector: prospects for safe clinical applications. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13704. [PMID: 35979475 PMCID: PMC9377332 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 derived lentiviral vector is an efficient transporter for delivering desired genetic materials into the targeted cells among many viral vectors. Genetic material transduced by lentiviral vector is integrated into the cell genome to introduce new functions, repair defective cell metabolism, and stimulate certain cell functions. Various measures have been administered in different generations of lentiviral vector systems to reduce the vector's replicating capabilities. Despite numerous demonstrations of an excellent safety profile of integrative lentiviral vectors, the precautionary approach has prompted the development of integrase-deficient versions of these vectors. The generation of integrase-deficient lentiviral vectors by abrogating integrase activity in lentiviral vector systems reduces the rate of transgenes integration into host genomes. With this feature, the integrase-deficient lentiviral vector is advantageous for therapeutic implementation and widens its clinical applications. This short review delineates the biology of HIV-1-erived lentiviral vector, generation of integrase-deficient lentiviral vector, recent studies involving integrase-deficient lentiviral vectors, limitations, and prospects for neoteric clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee-Hong Takahiro Yew
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Narmatha Gurumoorthy
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fazlina Nordin
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gee Jun Tye
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | | | - Jun Jie Tan
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Bertam, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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5
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Hou Y, Zhang X, Sun X, Qin Q, Chen D, Jia M, Chen Y. Genetically modified rabbit models for cardiovascular medicine. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 922:174890. [PMID: 35300995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) rabbits are outstanding animal models for studying human genetic and acquired diseases. As such, GM rabbits that express human genes have been extensively used as models of cardiovascular disease. Rabbits are genetically modified via prokaryotic microinjection. Through this process, genes are randomly integrated into the rabbit genome. Moreover, gene targeting in embryonic stem (ES) cells is a powerful tool for understanding gene function. However, rabbits lack stable ES cell lines. Therefore, ES-dependent gene targeting is not possible in rabbits. Nevertheless, the RNA interference technique is rapidly becoming a useful experimental tool that enables researchers to knock down specific gene expression, which leads to the genetic modification of rabbits. Recently, with the emergence of new genetic technology, such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), major breakthroughs have been made in rabbit gene targeting. Using these novel genetic techniques, researchers have successfully modified knockout (KO) rabbit models. In this paper, we aimed to review the recent advances in GM technology in rabbits and highlight their application as models for cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hou
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Xia Sun
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China; School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Qiaohong Qin
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Di Chen
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China; School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Min Jia
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Yulong Chen
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China.
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6
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Ryu J, Chan W, Wettengel JM, Hanna CB, Burwitz BJ, Hennebold JD, Bimber BN. Rapid, accurate mapping of transgene integration in viable rhesus macaque embryos using enhanced-specificity tagmentation-assisted PCR. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 24:241-254. [PMID: 35211637 PMCID: PMC8829455 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Genome engineering is a powerful tool for in vitro research and the creation of novel model organisms and has growing clinical applications. Randomly integrating vectors, such as lentivirus- or transposase-based methods, are simple and easy to use but carry risks arising from insertional mutagenesis. Here we present enhanced-specificity tagmentation-assisted PCR (esTag-PCR), a rapid and accurate method for mapping transgene integration and copy number. Using stably transfected HepG2 cells, we demonstrate that esTag-PCR has higher integration site detection accuracy and efficiency than alternative tagmentation-based methods. Next, we performed esTag-PCR on rhesus macaque embryos derived from zygotes injected with piggyBac transposase and transposon/transgene plasmid. Using low-input trophectoderm biopsies, we demonstrate that esTag-PCR accurately maps integration events while preserving blastocyst viability. We used these high-resolution data to evaluate the performance of piggyBac-mediated editing of rhesus macaque embryos, demonstrating that increased concentration of transposon/transgene plasmid can increase the fraction of embryos with stable integration; however, the number of integrations per embryo also increases, which may be problematic for some applications. Collectively, esTag-PCR represents an important improvement to the detection of transgene integration, provides a method to validate and screen edited embryos before implantation, and represents an important advance in the creation of transgenic animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Ryu
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - William Chan
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jochen M. Wettengel
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, 81675 Germany
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Carol B. Hanna
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Burwitz
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
- Division of Pathobiology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jon D. Hennebold
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Benjamin N. Bimber
- Division of Pathobiology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
- Corresponding author Benjamin N. Bimber, PhD, Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
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7
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Schmidt JK, Jones KM, Van Vleck T, Emborg ME. Modeling genetic diseases in nonhuman primates through embryonic and germline modification: Considerations and challenges. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabf4879. [PMID: 35235338 PMCID: PMC9373237 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abf4879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Genetic modification of the embryo or germ line of nonhuman primates is envisioned as a method to develop improved models of human disease, yet the promise of such animal models remains unfulfilled. Here, we discuss current methods and their limitations for producing nonhuman primate genetic models that faithfully genocopy and phenocopy human disease. We reflect on how to ethically maximize the translational relevance of such models in the search for new therapeutic strategies to treat human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna K. Schmidt
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Jones
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Trevor Van Vleck
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marina E. Emborg
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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8
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Montoliu L. Historical DNA Manipulation Overview. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2495:3-28. [PMID: 35696025 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2301-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The history of DNA manipulation for the creation of genetically modified animals began in the 1970s, using viruses as the first DNA molecules microinjected into mouse embryos at different preimplantation stages. Subsequently, simple DNA plasmids were used to microinject into the pronuclei of fertilized mouse oocytes and that method became the reference for many years. The isolation of embryonic stem cells together with advances in genetics allowed the generation of gene-specific knockout mice, later on improved with conditional mutations. Cloning procedures expanded the gene inactivation to livestock and other non-model mammalian species. Lentiviruses, artificial chromosomes, and intracytoplasmic sperm injections expanded the toolbox for DNA manipulation. The last chapter of this short but intense history belongs to programmable nucleases, particularly CRISPR-Cas systems, triggering the development of genomic-editing techniques, the current revolution we are living in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluis Montoliu
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC) and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Deykin AV, Shcheblykina OV, Povetka EE, Golubinskaya PA, Pokrovsky VM, Korokina LV, Vanchenko OA, Kuzubova EV, Trunov KS, Vasyutkin VV, Radchenko AI, Danilenko AP, Stepenko JV, Kochkarova IS, Belyaeva VS, Yakushev VI. Genetically modified animals for use in biopharmacology: from research to production. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.76685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In this review, the analysis of technologies for obtaining biologically active proteins from various sources is carried out, and the comparative analysis of technologies for creating producers of biologically active proteins is presented. Special attention is paid to genetically modified animals as bioreactors for the pharmaceutical industry of a new type. The necessity of improving the technology of development transgenic rabbit producers and creating a platform solution for the production of biological products is substantiated.
The advantages of using TrB for the production of recombinant proteins: The main advantages of using TrB are the low cost of obtaining valuable complex therapeutic human proteins in readily accessible fluids, their greater safety relative to proteins isolated directly from human blood, and the greater safety of the activity of the native protein.
The advantages of the mammary gland as a system for the expression of recombinant proteins: The mammary gland is the organ of choice for the expression of valuable recombinant proteins because milk is easy to collect in large volumes.
Methods for obtaining transgenic animals: The modern understanding of the regulation of gene expression and the discovery of new tools for gene editing can increase the efficiency of creating bioreactors for animals and help to obtain high concentrations of the target protein.
The advantages of using rabbits as bioreactors producing recombinant proteins in milk: The rabbit is a relatively small animal with a short duration of gestation, puberty and optimal size, capable of producing up to 5 liters of milk per year per female, receiving up to 300 grams of the target protein.
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Levy G, Barak B. Postnatal therapeutic approaches in genetic neurodevelopmental disorders. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:414-422. [PMID: 32985459 PMCID: PMC7996025 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.293133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic neurodevelopmental disorders are characterized by abnormal neurophysiological and behavioral phenotypes, affecting individuals worldwide. While the subject has been heavily researched, current treatment options relate mostly to alleviating symptoms, rather than targeting the altered genome itself. In this review, we address the neurogenetic basis of neurodevelopmental disorders, genetic tools that are enabling precision research of these disorders in animal models, and postnatal gene-therapy approaches for neurodevelopmental disorders derived from preclinical studies in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Levy
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Boaz Barak
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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11
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Drummer C, Vogt EJ, Heistermann M, Roshani B, Becker T, Mätz-Rensing K, Kues WA, Kügler S, Behr R. Generation and Breeding of EGFP-Transgenic Marmoset Monkeys: Cell Chimerism and Implications for Disease Modeling. Cells 2021; 10:505. [PMID: 33673402 PMCID: PMC7996964 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic modification of non-human primates (NHP) paves the way for realistic disease models. The common marmoset is a NHP species increasingly used in biomedical research. Despite the invention of RNA-guided nucleases, one strategy for protein overexpression in NHP is still lentiviral transduction. We generated three male and one female enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-transgenic founder marmosets via lentiviral transduction of natural preimplantation embryos. All founders accomplished germline transmission of the transgene by natural mating, yielding 20 transgenic offspring together (in total, 45 pups; 44% transgenic). This demonstrates that the transgenic gametes are capable of natural fertilization even when in competition with wildtype gametes. Importantly, 90% of the transgenic offspring showed transgene silencing, which is in sharp contrast to rodents, where the identical transgene facilitated robust EGFP expression. Furthermore, we consistently discovered somatic, but so far, no germ cell chimerism in mixed wildtype/transgenic litters. Somatic cell chimerism resulted in false-positive genotyping of the respective wildtype littermates. For the discrimination of transgenic from transgene-chimeric animals by polymerase chain reaction on skin samples, a chimeric cell depletion protocol was established. In summary, it is possible to establish a cohort of genetically modified marmosets by natural mating, but specific requirements including careful promoter selection are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis Drummer
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center–Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37099 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Edgar-John Vogt
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center–Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Michael Heistermann
- Endocrinology Laboratory, German Primate Center–Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Berit Roshani
- Unit of Infection Models, German Primate Center–Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Tamara Becker
- Primate Husbandry, German Primate Center–Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Kerstin Mätz-Rensing
- Pathology Unit, German Primate Center–Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Wilfried A. Kues
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institut für Nutztiergenetik, Mariensee, 31535 Neustadt, Germany;
| | - Sebastian Kügler
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB) at Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center–Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37099 Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Rai N, Shihan M, Seeger W, Schermuly RT, Novoyatleva T. Genetic Delivery and Gene Therapy in Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031179. [PMID: 33503992 PMCID: PMC7865388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive complex fatal disease of multiple etiologies. Hyperproliferation and resistance to apoptosis of vascular cells of intimal, medial, and adventitial layers of pulmonary vessels trigger excessive pulmonary vascular remodeling and vasoconstriction in the course of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a subgroup of PH. Multiple gene mutation/s or dysregulated gene expression contribute to the pathogenesis of PAH by endorsing the proliferation and promoting the resistance to apoptosis of pulmonary vascular cells. Given the vital role of these cells in PAH progression, the development of safe and efficient-gene therapeutic approaches that lead to restoration or down-regulation of gene expression, generally involved in the etiology of the disease is the need of the hour. Currently, none of the FDA-approved drugs provides a cure against PH, hence innovative tools may offer a novel treatment paradigm for this progressive and lethal disorder by silencing pathological genes, expressing therapeutic proteins, or through gene-editing applications. Here, we review the effectiveness and limitations of the presently available gene therapy approaches for PH. We provide a brief survey of commonly existing and currently applicable gene transfer methods for pulmonary vascular cells in vitro and describe some more recent developments for gene delivery existing in the field of PH in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabham Rai
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.S.); (W.S.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Mazen Shihan
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.S.); (W.S.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Werner Seeger
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.S.); (W.S.); (R.T.S.)
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph T. Schermuly
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.S.); (W.S.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Tatyana Novoyatleva
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.S.); (W.S.); (R.T.S.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Wen J, Wu J, Cao T, Zhi S, Chen Y, Aagaard L, Zhen P, Huang Y, Zhong J, Huang J. Methylation silencing and reactivation of exogenous genes in lentivirus-mediated transgenic mice. Transgenic Res 2021; 30:63-76. [PMID: 33394315 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-020-00224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Taking advantage of their ability to integrate their genomes into the host genome, lentiviruses have been used to rapidly produce transgenic mice in biomedical research. In most cases, transgenes delivered by lentiviral vectors have resisted silencing mediated by epigenetic modifications in mice. However, some studies revealed that methylation caused decreased transgene expression in mice. Therefore, there is conflicting evidence regarding the methylation-induced silencing of transgenes delivered by lentiviral transduction in mice. In this study, we present evidence that the human TTR transgene was silenced by DNA methylation in the liver of a transgenic mouse model generated by lentiviral transduction. The density of methylation on the transgene was increased during reproduction, and the expression of the transgene was completely silenced in mice of the F2 generation. Interestingly, 5-azacytidine (5-AzaC), a methyltransferase inhibitor, potently reactivated the silenced genes in neonatal mice whose hepatocytes were actively proliferating and led to stable transgene expression during development. However, 5-AzaC did not rescue liver transgene expression when administered to adult mice. Moreover, 5-AzaC at the given dose had low developmental toxicity in the newborn mice. In summary, we demonstrate the methylation-induced silencing of an exogenous gene in the liver of a mouse model generated by lentiviral transduction and show that the silenced transgene can be safely and efficiently reactivated by 5-AzaC treatment, providing an alternative way to obtain progeny with stable transgene expression in the case of the methylation of exogenous genes in transgenic mice generated by lentiviral transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkun Wen
- Department of Neurology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen, 529030, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jinni Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Tianqi Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shengyao Zhi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Lars Aagaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peilin Zhen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen, 529030, China
| | - Yanming Huang
- Clinical Experimental Center, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen, 529030, China
| | - Jianxin Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen, 529030, China
| | - Junjiu Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China. .,Clinical Experimental Center, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen, 529030, China. .,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, First Affiliated Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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14
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Tomioka I, Nagai Y, Seki K. Generation of Common Marmoset Model Lines of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:548002. [PMID: 33071733 PMCID: PMC7542094 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.548002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models are indispensable tools in the development of innovative treatments for rare and incurable diseases. To date, there is almost no effective treatment for neurodegenerative diseases, and animal models that properly simulate human disease pathologies are eagerly anticipated to identify disease biomarkers and develop therapeutic methods and agents. Among experimental animals, non-human primates are the most suitable animal models for the study of neurodegenerative diseases with human-specific higher brain dysfunction and late-onset and slowly progressing symptoms. With the rapid development of novel therapies such as oligonucleotide therapeutics and genome editing technologies, non-human primate models for neurodegenerative diseases will be essential for preclinical studies and active interventional trials. In a previous publication, we reported the generation of the first transgenic marmoset model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 and successful obtainment of subsequent generations with stable disease onset. Moreover, we generated transgenic marmosets in which the transgene was controlled by the tetracycline-inducible gene expression system. In this mini-review, we summarize the research on our marmoset model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Tomioka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan.,Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nagai
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Seki
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Kery R, Chen APF, Kirschen GW. Genetic targeting of astrocytes to combat neurodegenerative disease. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:199-211. [PMID: 31552885 PMCID: PMC6905329 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.265541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, glial cells that interact extensively with neurons and other support cells throughout the central nervous system, have recently come under the spotlight for their potential contribution to, or potential regenerative role in a host of neurodegenerative disorders. It is becoming increasingly clear that astrocytes, in concert with microglial cells, activate intrinsic immunological pathways in the setting of neurodegenerative injury, although the direct and indirect consequences of such activation are still largely unknown. We review the current literature on the astrocyte’s role in several neurodegenerative diseases, as well as highlighting recent advances in genetic manipulation of astrocytes that may prove critical to modulating their response to neurological injury, potentially combatting neurodegenerative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kery
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Stony Brook Medicine; Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Allen P F Chen
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Stony Brook Medicine; Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Gregory W Kirschen
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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16
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Hwang J, Singh N, Long C, Smith SB. The Lentiviral System Construction for Highly Expressed Porcine Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 and Functional Characterization in Stably Transduced Porcine Swine Kidney Cells. Lipids 2019; 53:933-945. [PMID: 30592064 PMCID: PMC10071579 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The most highly regulated and abundant fatty acid in animal tissue is oleic acid (18:1n9). Oleic acid is synthesized by the Δ9 desaturase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), which is responsible for the synthesis of the putative cytokine palmitoleic acid (16:1n7) and 18:2 cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid. Owing to the importance of SCD1 in lipid metabolism, we generated porcine swine kidney (SK6) transgenic cell lines for sustained overexpression or knockdown of porcine stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (pSCD1) in an inducible manner by utilizing a lentiviral expression system. We successfully validated these cell culture models for expression and functionality of pSCD1 by documenting that the pSCD-transduced cells overexpressed pSCD1 protein and mRNA. Additionally, the pSCD1-transduced cells increased the conversion of palmitate (16:0) to palmitoleic acid nearly fourfold. The lentiviral vectors utilized in this study can be further used to generate transgenic animals to document the effects of the overexpression of SCD1 on obesity and steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Hwang
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A & M University, College Station, 2471 TAMU, TX 77843, USA
| | - Neetu Singh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A & M University, College Station, 4466 TAMU, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Charles Long
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A & M University, College Station, 4466 TAMU, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Stephen B Smith
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A & M University, College Station, 2471 TAMU, TX 77843, USA
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17
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Matthes S, Mosienko V, Popova E, Rivalan M, Bader M, Alenina N. Targeted Manipulation of Brain Serotonin: RNAi-Mediated Knockdown of Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2 in Rats. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3207-3217. [PMID: 30977636 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of the biogenic monoamine serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). Two existing TPH isoforms are responsible for the generation of two distinct serotonergic systems in vertebrates. TPH1, predominantly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and pineal gland, mediates 5-HT biosynthesis in non-neuronal tissues, while TPH2, mainly found in the raphe nuclei of the brain stem, is accountable for the production of 5-HT in the brain. Neuronal 5-HT is a key regulator of mood and behavior and its deficiency has been implicated in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, e.g., depression and anxiety. To gain further insights into the complexity of central 5-HT modulations of physiological and pathophysiological processes, a new transgenic rat model, allowing an inducible gene knockdown of Tph2, was established based on doxycycline-inducible shRNA-expression. Biochemical phenotyping revealed a functional knockdown of Tph2 mRNA expression following oral doxycycline administration, with subsequent reductions in the corresponding levels of TPH2 enzyme expression and activity. Transgenic rats showed also significantly decreased tissue levels of 5-HT and its degradation product 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the raphe nuclei, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and cortex, while peripheral 5-HT concentrations in the blood remained unchanged. In summary, this novel transgenic rat model allows inducible manipulation of 5-HT biosynthesis specifically in the brain and may help to elucidate the role of 5-HT in the pathophysiology of affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Matthes
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Valentina Mosienko
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
- College of Medicine and Health, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter, Hatherly Building, Prince of Wales Rd., EX4 4PS Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Popova
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Marion Rivalan
- Charité University Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Charité University Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 13316 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 13316 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
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18
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Improvement of K562 Cell Line Transduction by FBS Mediated Attachment to the Cell Culture Plate. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9540702. [PMID: 31032368 PMCID: PMC6457364 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9540702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors have been used for gene therapy in the clinical phase in recent years. These vectors provide a tool for gene insertion, deletion, or modification in organisms. The K562 human cell line has been used extensively in hematopoietic research. Despite its broad application, it is hard-to-transfection and transduction. So, this study presents a simple method to increase the transduction efficiency of K562 cells with a low multiplicity of infection (MOI) of the virus particle. For this purpose, 24-well plate was coated by 300 μl fetal bovine serum (FBS) before seeding. Then 2×104 K562 cells were seeded in each FBS coated plate. After 24h, K562 cells were attached and doubled. Different amount of lentivirus-based GFP vector according to MOI (5, 10, 15, and 20) along with 8 μg polybrene was added to the attached K562 cells and after 6h cells and viral particle complex were spinfected. Then cells were returned to the plate and incubated in 37°C overnight. After 48h transduction efficiency was established by measuring the GFP-expressing cells by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry analysis showed that, after plate treatment by FBS, 64.5% transduction rate in K562 cells was achieved at MOI=20. Therefore, this method can be an effective and simple way to increase the lentiviral transduction rate for suspended cells such as K562.
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19
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Shrimali P, Peter M, Singh A, Dalal N, Dakave S, Chiplunkar SV, Tayalia P. Efficient in situ gene delivery via PEG diacrylate matrices. Biomater Sci 2019; 6:3241-3250. [PMID: 30334035 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00916c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
For diseases related to genetic disorders or cancer, many cellular therapies rely on the ex vivo modification of cells for attaining a desired therapeutic effect. The efficacy of such therapies involving the genetic modification of cells relies on the extent of gene expression and subsequent persistence of modified cells when infused into the patient's body. In situ gene delivery implies the manipulation of cells in their in vivo niche such that the effectiveness can be improved by minimizing post manipulation effects like cell death, lack of persistence, etc. Furthermore, material-based in situ localized gene delivery can reduce the undesired side effects caused by systemic modifications. Here, we have used polyethylene (glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) based cryogels to genetically modify cells in vivo with a focus on immunotherapy. PEGDA cryogels were either blended with gelatin methacrylate (GELMA) or surface modified with poly-l-lysine (PLL) in order to improve cell adhesion and/or retain viruses for localized gene delivery. On using the lentiviruses encoding gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP) in in vitro experiments, we found higher transduction efficiency in HEK 293FT cells via PEGDA modified with poly-l-lysine (PEGDA-PLL) and PEGDA-GELMA cryogels compared to PEGDA cryogels. In vitro release experiments showed improved retention of GFP lentiviruses in PEGDA-PLL cryogels, which were then employed for in vivo gene delivery and were demonstrated to perform better than the corresponding bolus delivery of lentiviruses through an injection. Both physical and biological characterization studies of these cryogels show that this material platform can be used for gene delivery as well as other tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Shrimali
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India.
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20
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Wang ZB, Du ZQ, Na W, Jing JH, Li YM, Leng L, Luan P, Wu CY, Zhang K, Wang YX, Liu WL, Yuan H, Liu ZH, Mu YS, Meng QW, Wang N, Yang CX, Li H. Production of transgenic broilers by non-viral vectors via optimizing egg windowing and screening transgenic roosters. Poult Sci 2019; 98:430-439. [PMID: 30085302 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of transgenic chickens is of both biomedical and agricultural significance, and recently chicken transgenesis technology has been greatly advanced. However, major issues still exist in the efficient production of transgenic chickens. This study was designed to optimize the production of enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP)-transgenic broilers, including egg windowing at the blunt end (air cell) of egg, and the direct transfection of circulating primordial germ cells by microinjection of the Tol2 plasmid-liposome complex into the early embryonic dorsal aorta. For egg windowing, we discovered that proper manipulation of the inner shell membrane at the blunt end could improve the rate of producing G0 transgenic roosters. From 27 G0 roosters, we successfully collected semen with EGFP-positive sperms from 16 and 19 roosters after direct fluorescence observation and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses (13 detected by both methods), respectively. After artificial insemination using the G0 rooster with the highest number of EGFP fluorescent sperm, one G1 EGFP transgenic broiler (1/81, 1.23%) was generated. Our results indicate that appropriate egg windowing and screening of potentially transgene-positive roosters can improve the production of germline-transmitted transgenic birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Du
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Na
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jun-Hong Jing
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu-Mao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Leng
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peng Luan
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chun-Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wen-Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan-Shuang Mu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qing-Wen Meng
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Cai-Xia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
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21
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Dussaud S, Pardanaud-Glavieux C, Sauty-Colace C, Ravassard P. Lentiviral Mediated Production of Transgenic Mice: A Simple and Highly Efficient Method for Direct Study of Founders. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30346378 DOI: 10.3791/57609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
For almost 40 years, pronuclear DNA injection represents the standard method to generate transgenic mice with random integration of transgenes. Such a routine procedure is widely utilized throughout the world and its main limitation resides in the poor efficacy of transgene integration, resulting in a low yield of founder animals. Only few percent of animals born after implantation of injected fertilized oocytes have integrated the transgene. In contrast, lentiviral vectors are powerful tools for integrative gene transfer and their use to transduce fertilized oocytes allows highly efficient production of founder transgenic mice with an average yield above 70%. Furthermore, any mouse strain can be used to produce transgenic animal and the penetrance of transgene expression is extremely high, above 80% with lentiviral mediated transgenesis compared to DNA microinjection. The size of the DNA fragment that can be cargo by the lentiviral vector is restricted to 10 kb and represents the major limitation of this method. Using a simple and easy to perform injection procedure beneath the zona pellucida of fertilized oocytes, more than 50 founder animals can be produced in a single session of microinjection. Such a method is highly adapted to perform, directly in founder animals, rapid gain and loss of function studies or to screen genomic DNA regions for their ability to control and regulate gene expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Dussaud
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS1166, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Universités
| | - Corinne Pardanaud-Glavieux
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Sorbonne Universités
| | - Claire Sauty-Colace
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Sorbonne Universités
| | - Philippe Ravassard
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Sorbonne Universités;
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22
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Kropp J, Di Marzo A, Golos T. Assisted reproductive technologies in the common marmoset: an integral species for developing nonhuman primate models of human diseases. Biol Reprod 2018; 96:277-287. [PMID: 28203717 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.146514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of nonhuman primate models of human disease conditions will foster the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Callithrix jacchus, or the common marmoset, is a New World, nonhuman primate species that exhibits great reproductive fitness in captivity with an ovarian cycle that can be easily managed with pharmacological agents. This characteristic, among others, provides an opportunity to employ assisted reproductive technologies to generate embryos that can be genetically manipulated to create a variety of nonhuman primate models for human disease. Here, we review methods to synchronize the marmoset ovarian cycle and stimulate oocyte donors, and compare various protocols for in vitro production of embryos. In light of advances in genomic editing, recent approaches used to generate transgenic or genetically edited embryos in the marmoset and also future perspective are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Kropp
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrea Di Marzo
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Thaddeus Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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23
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Yum SY, Lee SJ, Park SG, Shin IG, Hahn SE, Choi WJ, Kim HS, Kim HJ, Bae SH, Lee JH, Moon JY, Lee WS, Lee JH, Lee CI, Kim SJ, Jang G. Long-term health and germline transmission in transgenic cattle following transposon-mediated gene transfer. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:387. [PMID: 29792157 PMCID: PMC5966871 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transposon-mediated, non-viral gene delivery is a powerful tool for generating stable cell lines and transgenic animals. However, as multi-copy insertion is the preferred integration pattern, there is the potential for uncontrolled changes in endogenous gene expression and detrimental effects in cells or animals. Our group has previously reported on the generation of several transgenic cattle by using microinjection of the Sleeping Beauty (SB) and PiggyBac (PB) transposons and seeks to explore the long-term effects of this technology on cattle. Results Transgenic cattle, one female (SNU-SB-1) and one male (SNU-PB-1), reached over 36 months of age with no significant health issues and normal blood parameters. The detection of transgene integration and fluorescent signal in oocytes and sperm suggested the capacity for germline transmission in both of the founder animals. After natural breeding, the founder transgenic cow delivered a male calf and secreted milk containing fluorescent transgenic proteins. The calf expressed green fluorescent protein in primary cells from ear skin, with no significant change in overall genomic stability and blood parameters. Three sites of transgene integration were identified by next-generation sequencing of the calf’s genome. Conclusions Overall, these data demonstrate that transposon-mediated transgenesis can be applied to cattle without being detrimental to their long-term genomic stability or general health. We further suggest that this technology may be usefully applied in other fields, such as the generation of transgenic animal models. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4760-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Young Yum
- Department of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute of Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, #631 Building 85, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Jeon Lee
- Embryo Research Center, Seoul Milk Coop, Gyeonggi-do, 12528, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Gi Park
- Bioinformatics Team, Theragen Etex Bio Institute, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Kwanggyo Technovalley, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gang Shin
- Bioinformatics Team, Theragen Etex Bio Institute, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Kwanggyo Technovalley, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Hahn
- Department of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute of Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, #631 Building 85, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jae Choi
- Department of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute of Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, #631 Building 85, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Soo Kim
- Embryo Research Center, Seoul Milk Coop, Gyeonggi-do, 12528, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Jong Kim
- Embryo Research Center, Seoul Milk Coop, Gyeonggi-do, 12528, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hun Bae
- Embryo Research Center, Seoul Milk Coop, Gyeonggi-do, 12528, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Hyeong Lee
- Embryo Research Center, Seoul Milk Coop, Gyeonggi-do, 12528, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Yeong Moon
- Embryo Research Center, Seoul Milk Coop, Gyeonggi-do, 12528, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sung Lee
- Embryo Research Center, Seoul Milk Coop, Gyeonggi-do, 12528, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute of Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, #631 Building 85, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Il Lee
- Department of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute of Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, #631 Building 85, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- Bioinformatics Team, Theragen Etex Bio Institute, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Kwanggyo Technovalley, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Jang
- Department of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute of Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, #631 Building 85, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Emergence Center for Food-Medicine Personalized Therapy System, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Kim YM, Park JS, Kim SK, Jung KM, Hwang YS, Han M, Lee HJ, Seo HW, Suh JY, Han BK, Han JY. The transgenic chicken derived anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies exhibits greater anti-cancer therapeutic potential with enhanced Fc effector functions. Biomaterials 2018; 167:58-68. [PMID: 29554481 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Modern genetic techniques, enable the use of animal bioreactor systems for the production and functional enhancement of anti-cancer antibodies. Chicken is the most efficient animal bioreactor for the production of anti-cancer antibodies because of its relatively short generation time, plentiful reproductive capacity, and daily deposition in the egg white. Although several studies have focused on the production of anti-cancer antibodies in egg white, in-depth studies of the biological activity and physiological characteristics of transgenic chicken-derived anti-cancer antibodies have not been fully carried out. Here, we report the production of an anti-cancer monoclonal antibody against the CD20 protein from egg whites of transgenic hens, and validated the bio-functional activity of the protein in B-lymphoma and B-lymphoblast cells. Quantitative analysis showed that deposition of the chickenised CD20 monoclonal antibody (cCD20 mAb) from transgenic chickens increased in successive generations and with increasing transgene copy number. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis showed that the cCD20 mAb exhibited 14 N-glycan patterns with high-mannose, afucosylation and terminal galactosylation. The cCD20 mAb did not exhibit significantly improved Fab-binding affinity, but showed markedly enhanced Fc-related functions, including complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) compared to commercial rituximab, a chimeric mAb against CD20. Our results suggest that the transgenic chicken bioreactor is an efficient system for producing anti-cancer therapeutic antibodies with enhanced Fc effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Min Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jin Se Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sang Kyung Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung Min Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Young Sun Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Mookyoung Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hong Jo Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hee Won Seo
- Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd, 107, Cheomdan-daero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21987, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Yong Suh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Beom Ku Han
- Optipharm Inc, 63, Osongsaengmyeong 6-ro, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbku-do, South Korea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan.
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25
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Farzaneh M, Attari F, Khoshnam SE, Mozdziak PE. The method of chicken whole embryo culture using the eggshell windowing, surrogate eggshell and ex ovo culture system. Br Poult Sci 2018; 59:240-244. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2017.1413234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - F. Attari
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - S. E. Khoshnam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - P. E. Mozdziak
- Physiology Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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26
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Zhao Y, Zhang X, Wang R, Bing J, Wu F, Zhang Y, Xu J, Han Z, Zhang X, Zeng S. Erbin and ErbB2 play roles in the sexual differentiation of the song system nucleus HVC in bengalese finches (Lonchura Striata var. domestica). Dev Neurobiol 2017; 78:15-38. [PMID: 29082632 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Song control nuclei have distinct sexual differences in songbirds. However, the mechanism that underlies the sexual differentiation of song nuclei is still not well understood. Using a combination of anatomical, pharmacological, genetic, and behavioral approaches, the present study investigated the role of erbb2 (a homolog of the avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2) and the erbb2-interacting gene, erbin, in the sexual differentiation of the song nucleus HVC in the Bengalese finch. We first found that both erbin and erbb2 were expressed in the developing HVC at posthatch day (PHD) 15 in a male-biased fashion using qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization. Following the addition of a pharmaceutical inhibitor of the ErbB2 signaling pathway to the culture medium, cell proliferation in the cultured ventricle zone (VZ) that overlies the developing HVC decreased significantly. After the injection of erbin- or erbb2-interfering lentiviruses into the HVC and its overlying VZ at PHD 15, the cell proliferation in the VZ at PHD 24, the number of the differentiated neurons (Hu+ /BrdU+ or NeuN+ /BrdU+ ) in the HVC at PHD 31 or PHD 130, and the number of RA-projecting cells at PHD 130 all decreased significantly. Additionally, the adult songs displayed serious abnormalities. Finally, 173 male-biased genes were expressed in the developing HVC at PHD 15 using cDNA microarrays, of which 27.2% were Z-linked genes and approximately 20 genes were involved in the Erbin- or ErbB2-related signaling pathways. Our results provide some specific genetic factors that contribute to neurogenesis and sex differentiation in a song nucleus of songbirds. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 15-38, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueliu Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xuebo Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jie Bing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yitong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China
| | - Jincao Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngolgoy, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Zhongming Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngolgoy, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China
| | - Shaoju Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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27
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Agarwal S, Varma D. Targeting mitotic pathways for endocrine-related cancer therapeutics. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:T65-T82. [PMID: 28615236 PMCID: PMC5557717 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A colossal amount of basic research over the past few decades has provided unprecedented insights into the highly complex process of cell division. There is an ever-expanding catalog of proteins that orchestrate, participate and coordinate in the exquisite processes of spindle formation, chromosome dynamics and the formation and regulation of kinetochore microtubule attachments. Use of classical microtubule poisons has still been widely and often successfully used to combat a variety of cancers, but their non-selective interference in other crucial physiologic processes necessitate the identification of novel druggable components specific to the cell cycle/division pathway. Considering cell cycle deregulation, unscheduled proliferation, genomic instability and chromosomal instability as a hallmark of tumor cells, there lies an enormous untapped terrain that needs to be unearthed before a drug can pave its way from bench to bedside. This review attempts to systematically summarize the advances made in this context so far with an emphasis on endocrine-related cancers and the avenues for future progress to target mitotic mechanisms in an effort to combat these dreadful cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Agarwal
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dileep Varma
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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28
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Renfer E, Technau U. Meganuclease-assisted generation of stable transgenics in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:1844-1854. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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29
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Desaulniers AT, Cederberg RA, Mills GA, Lents CA, White BR. Production of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2 receptor knockdown (GNRHR2 KD) swine line. Transgenic Res 2017; 26:567-575. [PMID: 28534229 PMCID: PMC5504211 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-017-0023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Swine are the only livestock species that produce both the second mammalian isoform of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH2) and its receptor (GNRHR2). Previously, we reported that GNRH2 and GNRHR2 mediate LH-independent testosterone secretion from porcine testes. To further explore this ligand-receptor complex, a pig model with reduced GNRHR2 expression was developed. Small hairpin RNA sequences targeting porcine GNRHR2 were subcloned into a lentiviral-based vector, lentiviral particles were generated and microinjected into the perivitelline space of zygotes, and embryos were transferred into a recipient. One GNRHR2 knockdown (KD) female was born that subsequently produced 80 piglets from 6 litters with 46 hemizygous progeny (57% transgenic). Hemizygous GNRHR2 KD (n = 10) and littermate control (n = 7) males were monitored at 40, 100, 150, 190, 225 and 300 days of age; body weight and testis size were measured and serum was isolated and assayed for testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations. Body weight of GNRHR2 KD boars was not different from littermate controls (P = 0.14), but testes were smaller (P < 0.05; 331.8 vs. 374.8 cm3, respectively). Testosterone concentrations tended (P = 0.06) to be reduced in GNRHR2 KD (1.6 ng/ml) compared to littermate control (4.2 ng/ml) males, but LH levels were similar (P = 0.47). The abundance of GNRHR2 mRNA was reduced (P < 0.001) by 69% in testicular tissue from mature GNRHR2 KD (n = 5) versus littermate control (n = 4) animals. These swine represent the first genetically-engineered model to elucidate the function of GNRH2 and its receptor in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Desaulniers
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, A224j Animal Science Building, 3940 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0908, USA
| | - R A Cederberg
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, A224j Animal Science Building, 3940 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0908, USA
| | - G A Mills
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, A224j Animal Science Building, 3940 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0908, USA
| | - C A Lents
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933-0166, USA
| | - B R White
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, A224j Animal Science Building, 3940 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0908, USA.
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30
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Zeng F, Li Z, Cai G, Gao W, Jiang G, Liu D, Urschitz J, Moisyadi S, Wu Z. Characterization of Growth and Reproduction Performance, Transgene Integration, Expression, and Transmission Patterns in Transgenic Pigs Produced by piggyBac Transposition-Mediated Gene Transfer. Anim Biotechnol 2017; 27:245-55. [PMID: 27565868 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2016.1178140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Previously we successfully produced a group of EGFP-expressing founder transgenic pigs by a newly developed efficient and simple pig transgenesis method based on cytoplasmic injection of piggyBac plasmids. In this study, we investigated the growth and reproduction performance and characterized the transgene insertion, transmission, and expression patterns in transgenic pigs generated by piggyBac transposition. Results showed that transgene has no injurious effect on the growth and reproduction of transgenic pigs. Multiple copies of monogenic EGFP transgene were inserted at noncoding sequences of host genome, and passed from founder transgenic pigs to their transgenic offspring in segregation or linkage manner. The EGFP transgene was ubiquitously expressed in transgenic pigs, and its expression intensity was associated with transgene copy number but not related to its promoter DNA methylation level. To the best of our knowledge, this is first study that fully described the growth and reproduction performance, transgene insertion, expression, and transmission profiles in transgenic pigs produced by piggyBac system. It not only demonstrates that piggyBac transposition-mediated gene transfer is an effective and favorable approach for pig transgenesis, but also provides scientific information for understanding the transgene insertion, expression and transmission patterns in transgenic animals produced by piggyBac transposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zeng
- a National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zicong Li
- a National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- c Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wenchao Gao
- a National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Gelong Jiang
- a National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Dewu Liu
- a National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Johann Urschitz
- d Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine , University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu , Hawaii , USA
| | - Stefan Moisyadi
- d Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine , University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu , Hawaii , USA.,e Manoa BioSciences , Honolulu , Hawaii , USA
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- a National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
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31
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Su S, Zhu Y, Li S, Liang Y, Zhang J. The transcription factor cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate response element-binding protein enhances the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla. Int Endod J 2016; 50:885-894. [PMID: 27716996 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the regulation of odonto/osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs). METHODOLOGY Stem cells from the apical papilla were obtained from human impacted third molars (n = 15). Isolated SCAPs were transfected with CREB overexpressing/silenced lentivirus. Transfected cells were stained with alizarin red to investigate mineralized nodule formation. The expression of the mineralization-related genes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I (Col I), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osterix (OSX) and osteocalcin (OCN), was determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Protein expression of the odontogenic-related marker dentine sialoprotein (DSP) and the osteogenic-related marker RUNX2 was measured by Western blotting analysis. One-way analysis of variance (anova) and Student's t-test were used for statistical analysis (a = 0.05). RESULTS The overexpression of CREB enhanced mineralized nodule formation and up-regulated (P < 0.05) the mRNA levels of odonto/osteogenic-related markers, including ALP, Col I, RUNX2, OSX and OCN, and also increased (P < 0.05) the protein expression of DSP and RUNX2. In contrast, the silencing of CREB inhibited (P < 0.05) the mineralization capacity of the SCAPs and decreased (P < 0.05) the expression of odonto/osteogenic-related markers. CONCLUSION Up-regulation of CREB expression promoted odonto/osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs and provided a potential method for the regeneration of the dentine-pulp complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Su
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Y Zhu
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - S Li
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Y Liang
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - J Zhang
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
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32
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Xu S, Ma D, Zhuang R, Sun W, Liu Y, Wen J, Cui L. DJ-1 Is Upregulated in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Promotes Oral Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion. J Cancer 2016; 7:1020-8. [PMID: 27313793 PMCID: PMC4910595 DOI: 10.7150/jca.14539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a multistep process that involves in both genetic alterations and epigenetic modifications. DJ-1, a negative regulator of tumor suppressor PTEN, functions as an oncogene in many types of cancers. However, its role in OSCC is poorly known. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting were performed to evaluate the expression level of DJ-1 in oral leukoplakia (OLK) and OSCC tissues respectively. Then lentiviral mediated DJ-1 shRNA was constructed and used to infect the OSCC cell lines (Tca8113 and CAL-27). MTT, cell counting, and Matrigel invasion assay were utilized to examine the effects of DJ-1 down-regulation on proliferation and invasion capacity of oral cancer cells. Results: The immunoreactivity and expression level of DJ-1 protein was significantly increased in OLK and OSCC tissues compared with the controls. Lentiviral-delivered shRNA targeting DJ-1 could effectively knock down DJ-1 at mRNA and protein level (P<0.01). The proliferative and invasion ability of OSCC cell lines was significantly suppressed following DJ-1 inhibition (P<0.01). Conclusions: Our study indicated that DJ-1 is over-expressed in both oral precancer and cancer tissues and shRNA inhibition of DJ-1 expression led to decreased proliferation and invasion capability of oral cancer cells. These findings suggest that DJ-1 might be actively involved in the development of OSCC. Future studies will investigate the potential of DJ-1 as a biomarker for early detection of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaimei Xu
- 1. Department of Endodontics, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- 2. Department of Dentistry, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhuang
- 3. Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- 4. Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- 1. Department of Endodontics, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wen
- 1. Department of Endodontics, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Cui
- 5. Department of Dentistry, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
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Fricano-Kugler CJ, Williams MR, Salinaro JR, Li M, Luikart B. Designing, Packaging, and Delivery of High Titer CRISPR Retro and Lentiviruses via Stereotaxic Injection. J Vis Exp 2016:53783. [PMID: 27285851 PMCID: PMC4927708 DOI: 10.3791/53783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Replication defective lentiviruses or retroviruses are capable of stably integrating transgenes into the genome of an infected host cell. This technique has been widely used to encode fluorescent proteins, opto- or chemo-genetic controllers of cell activity, or heterologous expression of human genes in model organisms. These viruses have also successfully been used to deliver recombinases to relevant target sites in transgenic animals, or even deliver small hairpin or micro RNAs in order to manipulate gene expression. While these techniques have been fruitful, they rely on transgenic animals (recombinases) or frequently lack high efficacy and specificity (shRNA/miRNA). In contrast, the CRISPR/Cas system uses an exogenous Cas nuclease which targets specific sites in an organism's genome via an exogenous guide RNA in order to induce double stranded breaks in DNA. These breaks are then repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), producing insertion and deletion (indel) mutations that can result in deleterious missense or nonsense mutations. This manuscript provides detailed methods for the design, production, injection, and validation of single lenti/retro virus particles that can stably transduce neurons to express a fluorescent reporter, Cas9, and sgRNAs to knockout genes in a model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael R Williams
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College
| | - Julia R Salinaro
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College
| | - Meijie Li
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College
| | - Bryan Luikart
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College;
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Monzani PS, Adona PR, Ohashi OM, Meirelles FV, Wheeler MB. Transgenic bovine as bioreactors: Challenges and perspectives. Bioengineered 2016; 7:123-31. [PMID: 27166649 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2016.1171429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of recombinant proteins has increased in diverse commercial sectors. Various systems for protein production have been used for the optimization of production and functional protein expression. The mammary gland is considered to be a very interesting system for the production of recombinant proteins due to its high level of expression and its ability to perform post-translational modifications. Cows produce large quantities of milk over a long period of lactation, and therefore this species is an important candidate for recombinant protein expression in milk. However, transgenic cows are more difficult to generate due to the inefficiency of transgenic methodologies, the long periods for transgene detection, recombinant protein expression and the fact that only a single calf is obtained at the end of each pregnancy. An increase in efficiency for transgenic methodologies for cattle is a big challenge to overcome. Promising methodologies have been proposed that can help to overcome this obstacle, enabling the use of transgenic cattle as bioreactors for protein production in milk for industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo S Monzani
- a Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde , Universidade Norte do Paraná , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil.,b Departamento de Ciências Básicas , Universidade de São Paulo , Pirassununga , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Paulo R Adona
- a Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde , Universidade Norte do Paraná , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Otávio M Ohashi
- c Instituto de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Federal do Pará , Belém , Pará , Brazil
| | - Flávio V Meirelles
- b Departamento de Ciências Básicas , Universidade de São Paulo , Pirassununga , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Matthew B Wheeler
- d Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
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Smith RP, Riordan JD, Feddersen CR, Dupuy AJ. A Hybrid Adenoviral Vector System Achieves Efficient Long-Term Gene Expression in the Liver via piggyBac Transposition. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 26:377-85. [PMID: 25808258 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2014.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Much research has gone into the development of hybrid gene delivery systems that combine the broad tropism and efficient transduction of adenoviral vectors with the ability to achieve stable expression of cargo genes. In addition to gene therapy applications, such a system has considerable advantages for studies of gene function in vivo, permitting fine-tuned genetic manipulation with higher throughput than can be achieved using standard transgenic and DNA targeting techniques. Existing strategies are limited, however, by low integration efficiencies, small cargo capacity, and/or a dependence on target cell division. The utility of this approach could be enhanced by a system that provides all of the following: (1) efficient delivery, (2) stable expression in a high percentage of target cells (whether mitotic or not), (3) large cargo capacity, (4) flexibility to use with a wide range of additional experimental conditions, and (5) simple experimental technique. Here we report the initial characterization of a hybrid system that meets these criteria by utilizing piggyBac (PB) transposition to achieve genomic integration from adenoviral vectors. We demonstrate stable expression of an adenovirus (Ad)-PB-delivered reporter gene in ∼20-40% of hepatocytes following standard tail vein injection. Its high efficiency and flexibility relative to existing hybrid adenoviral gene delivery approaches indicate a considerable potential utility of the Ad-PB system for therapeutic gene delivery and in vivo studies of gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Roy J. & Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Jesse D Riordan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Roy J. & Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Charlotte R Feddersen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Roy J. & Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Adam J Dupuy
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Roy J. & Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242
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New insights and current tools for genetically engineered (GE) sheep and goats. Theriogenology 2016; 86:160-9. [PMID: 27155732 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Genetically engineered sheep and goats represent useful models applied to proof of concepts, large-scale production of novel products or processes, and improvement of animal traits, which is of interest in biomedicine, biopharma, and livestock. This disruptive biotechnology arose in the 80s by injecting DNA fragments into the pronucleus of zygote-staged embryos. Pronuclear microinjection set the transgenic concept into people's mind but was characterized by inefficient and often frustrating results mostly because of uncontrolled and/or random integration and unpredictable transgene expression. Somatic cell nuclear transfer launched the second wave in the late 90s, solving several weaknesses of the previous technique by making feasible the transfer of a genetically modified and fully characterized cell into an enucleated oocyte, capable of cell reprogramming to generate genetically engineered animals. Important advances were also achieved during the 2000s with the arrival of new techniques like the lentivirus system, transposons, RNA interference, site-specific recombinases, and sperm-mediated transgenesis. We are now living the irruption of the third technological wave in which genome edition is possible by using endonucleases, particularly the CRISPR/Cas system. Sheep and goats were recently produced by CRISPR/Cas9, and for sure, cattle will be reported soon. We will see new genetically engineered farm animals produced by homologous recombination, multiple gene editing in one-step generation and conditional modifications, among other advancements. In the following decade, genome edition will continue expanding our technical possibilities, which will contribute to the advancement of science, the development of clinical or commercial applications, and the improvement of people's life quality around the world.
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Garcia Diaz AI, Moyon B, Coan PM, Alfazema N, Venda L, Woollard K, Aitman T. New Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rat transgenic models with ubiquitous expression of green fluorescent protein. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:463-71. [PMID: 26769799 PMCID: PMC4852507 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.024208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat and the spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rat inbred strains are well-established models for human crescentic glomerulonephritis (CRGN) and metabolic syndrome, respectively. Novel transgenic (Tg) strains add research opportunities and increase scientific value to well-established rat models. We have created two novel Tg strains using Sleeping Beauty transposon germline transgenesis, ubiquitously expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the rat elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1a) promoter on the WKY and SHR genetic backgrounds. The Sleeping Beauty system functioned with high transgenesis efficiency; 75% of new rats born after embryo microinjections were transgene positive. By ligation-mediated PCR, we located the genome integration sites, confirming no exonic disruption and defining a single or low copy number of the transgenes in the new WKY-GFP and SHR-GFP Tg lines. We report GFP-bright expression in embryos, tissues and organs in both lines and show preliminaryin vitroandin vivoimaging data that demonstrate the utility of the new GFP-expressing lines for adoptive transfer, transplantation and fate mapping studies of CRGN, metabolic syndrome and other traits for which these strains have been extensively studied over the past four decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Garcia Diaz
- Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK MRC Clinical Sciences Centre and Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ben Moyon
- Embryonic Stem Cell and Transgenics Facility, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Philip M Coan
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Neza Alfazema
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Lara Venda
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre and Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kevin Woollard
- Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Tim Aitman
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre and Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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Tai J, Rao Y, Fang J, Huang Z, Yu Z, Chen X, Zhou W, Xiao X, Long T, Han Y, Liu Q, Li A, Ni X. Lentivirus‑delivered nemo‑like kinase small interfering RNA inhibits laryngeal cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5619-24. [PMID: 26252054 PMCID: PMC4581764 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is the most common form of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Multiple approaches have been applied to treat this type of cancer; however, no significant improvement in survival rate has been achieved. In the present study, the role of nemo‑like kinase (NLK) in human laryngeal carcinoma Hep‑2 cells was investigated. NLK has been identified as an important regulator of cell growth, patterning and cell death in a variety of organisms. Lentivirus‑mediated‑shRNA was employed to silence endogenous NLK expression. Downregulation of the expression of NLK following lentivirus infection was confirmed using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The effects of NLK downregulation on Hep‑2 cell proliferation and cell cycle progression were analyzed using an MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Downregulation of NLK also inhibited tumorigenesis and regulated the expression of cell cycle protein expression levels. Therefore, it was hypothesized that NLK is necessary for cell survival and tumorigenesis in laryngeal cancer cells. Furthermore, the absence of NLK may lead to cancer cell death. Collectively, the results of the present study demonstrated that the lentivirus‑mediated targeted disruption of NLK may be a promising therapeutic method for the treatment of laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, P.R. China
| | - Yuansheng Rao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jugao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Zhenkun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, P.R. China
| | - Ting Long
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, P.R. China
| | - Yang Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoyin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, P.R. China
| | - Aidong Li
- Department of Center Laboratory, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Xin Ni
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, P.R. China
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Bosch P, Forcato DO, Alustiza FE, Alessio AP, Fili AE, Olmos Nicotra MF, Liaudat AC, Rodríguez N, Talluri TR, Kues WA. Exogenous enzymes upgrade transgenesis and genetic engineering of farm animals. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1907-29. [PMID: 25636347 PMCID: PMC11114025 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic farm animals are attractive alternative mammalian models to rodents for the study of developmental, genetic, reproductive and disease-related biological questions, as well for the production of recombinant proteins, or the assessment of xenotransplants for human patients. Until recently, the ability to generate transgenic farm animals relied on methods of passive transgenesis. In recent years, significant improvements have been made to introduce and apply active techniques of transgenesis and genetic engineering in these species. These new approaches dramatically enhance the ease and speed with which livestock species can be genetically modified, and allow to performing precise genetic modifications. This paper provides a synopsis of enzyme-mediated genetic engineering in livestock species covering the early attempts employing naturally occurring DNA-modifying proteins to recent approaches working with tailored enzymatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bosch
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba Republic of Argentina
| | - Diego O. Forcato
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba Republic of Argentina
| | - Fabrisio E. Alustiza
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba Republic of Argentina
| | - Ana P. Alessio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba Republic of Argentina
| | - Alejandro E. Fili
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba Republic of Argentina
| | - María F. Olmos Nicotra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba Republic of Argentina
| | - Ana C. Liaudat
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba Republic of Argentina
| | - Nancy Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba Republic of Argentina
| | - Thirumala R. Talluri
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Biotechnology, 31535 Neustadt, Germany
| | - Wilfried A. Kues
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Biotechnology, 31535 Neustadt, Germany
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Abstract
Traditional methods for DNA transfection are often inefficient and toxic for terminally differentiated cells, such as cardiac myocytes. Vector-based gene transfer is an efficient approach for introducing exogenous cDNA into these types of primary cell cultures. In this chapter, separate protocols for adult rat cardiac myocyte isolation and gene transfer with recombinant adenovirus are provided and are routinely utilized for studying the effects of sarcomeric proteins on myofilament function.
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Embryo development, fetal growth and postnatal phenotype of eGFP lambs generated by lentiviral transgenesis. Transgenic Res 2014; 24:31-41. [PMID: 25048992 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-014-9816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviral technology has been recently proposed to generate transgenic farm animals more efficiently and easier than traditional techniques. The objective was to evaluate several parameters of lambs obtained by lentiviral transgenesis in comparison with non-transgenic counterparts. In vitro produced embryos were microinjected (TG group) at two-cell stage with a lentiviral construct containing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene, while embryos produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF group) or intrauterine insemination (IUI group) were not microinjected. Microinjection technique efficiently generated eight-cell transgenic embryos (97.4%; 114/117). Development rate on day 5 after fertilization was similar for TG (39.3%, 46/117) and IVF embryos (39.6%, 44/111). Pregnancy rate was detected in 50.0% (6/12) of recipient ewes with TG embryos, in 46.7% (7/15) with IVF embryos, and in 65.0% (13/20) of IUI ewes (P = NS). Nine lambs were born in TG group, six lambs in IVF group, and 16 lambs in IUI group. All TG lambs (9/9) were GFP positive to real-time PCR and eight (88.9%) showed a strong and evident GFP expression in mucosae, eyes and keratin tissues. Fetal growth monitored every 15 day by ultrasonography did not show significant differences. Transgenic lambs neither differ in morphometric variables in comparison with non transgenic IVF lambs within 3 months after birth. Transmission of the transgene to the progeny was observed in green fluorescent embryos produced by IVF using semen from the TG founder lambs. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the high efficiency of lentiviral technology to produce transgenic sheep, with no clinic differences in comparison with non transgenic lambs.
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Liu F, Ma XJ, Wang QZ, Zhao YY, Wu LN, Qin GJ. The effect of FoxO1 on the proliferation of rat mesangial cells under high glucose conditions. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 29:1879-87. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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43
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Li Z, Zeng F, Meng F, Xu Z, Zhang X, Huang X, Tang F, Gao W, Shi J, He X, Liu D, Wang C, Urschitz J, Moisyadi S, Wu Z. Generation of transgenic pigs by cytoplasmic injection of piggyBac transposase-based pmGENIE-3 plasmids. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:93. [PMID: 24671876 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.116905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of transgenesis involves the introduction of a foreign gene, the transgene, into the genome of an animal. Gene transfer by pronuclear microinjection (PNI) is the predominant method used to produce transgenic animals. However, this technique does not always result in germline transgenic offspring and has a low success rate for livestock. Alternate approaches, such as somatic cell nuclear transfer using transgenic fibroblasts, do not show an increase in efficiency compared to PNI, while viral-based transgenesis is hampered by issues regarding transgene size and biosafety considerations. We have recently described highly successful transgenesis experiments with mice using a piggyBac transposase-based vector, pmhyGENIE-3. This construct, a single and self-inactivating plasmid, contains all the transpositional elements necessary for successful gene transfer. In this series of experiments, our laboratories have implemented cytoplasmic injection (CTI) of pmGENIE-3 for transgene delivery into in vivo-fertilized pig zygotes. More than 8.00% of the injected embryos developed into transgenic animals containing monogenic and often single transgenes in their genome. However, the CTI technique was unsuccessful during the injection of in vitro-fertilized pig zygotes. In summary, here we have described a method that is not only easy to implement, but also demonstrated the highest efficiency rate for nonviral livestock transgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Kaur G, Thompson LA, Pasham M, Tessanne K, Long CR, Dufour JM. Sustained expression of insulin by a genetically engineered sertoli cell line after allotransplantation in diabetic BALB/c mice. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:109. [PMID: 24695630 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.115600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-privileged Sertoli cells (SCs) exhibit long-term survival after allotransplantation or xenotransplantation, suggesting they can be used as a vehicle for cell-based gene therapy. Previously, we demonstrated that SCs engineered to secrete insulin by using an adenoviral vector normalized blood glucose levels in diabetic mice. However, the expression of insulin was transient, and the use of immunocompromised mice did not address the question of whether SCs can stably express insulin in immunocompetent animals. Thus, the objective of the current study was to use a lentiviral vector to achieve stable expression of insulin in SCs and test the ability of these cells to survive after allotransplantation. A mouse SC line transduced with a recombinant lentiviral vector containing furin-modified human proinsulin cDNA (MSC-EhI-Zs) maintained stable insulin expression in vitro. Allotransplantation of MSC-EhI-Zs cells into diabetic BALB/c mice demonstrated 88% and 75% graft survival rates at 20 and 50 days post-transplantation, respectively. Transplanted MSC-EhI-Zs cells continued to produce insulin mRNA throughout the study (i.e., 50 days); however, insulin protein was detected only in patches of cells within the grafts. Consistent with low insulin protein detection, there was no significant change in blood glucose levels in the transplant recipients. Nevertheless, MSC-EhI-Zs cells isolated from the grafts continued to express insulin protein in culture. Collectively, this demonstrates that MSC-EhI-Zs cells stably expressed insulin and survived allotransplantation without immunosuppression. This further strengthens the use of SCs as targets for cell-based gene therapy for the treatment of numerous chronic diseases, especially those that require basal protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurvinder Kaur
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Lea Ann Thompson
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Mithun Pasham
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Kim Tessanne
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Charles R Long
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jannette M Dufour
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
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Germline transgenesis in rabbits by pronuclear microinjection of Sleeping Beauty transposons. Nat Protoc 2014; 9:794-809. [PMID: 24625779 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2014.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The laboratory rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is widely used as a model for a variety of inherited and acquired human diseases. In addition, the rabbit is the smallest livestock animal that is used to transgenically produce pharmaceutical proteins in its milk. Here we describe a protocol for high-efficiency germline transgenesis and sustained transgene expression in rabbits by using the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system. The protocol is based on co-injection into the pronuclei of fertilized oocytes of synthetic mRNA encoding the SB100X hyperactive transposase together with plasmid DNA carrying a transgene construct flanked by binding sites for the transposase. The translation of the transposase mRNA is followed by enzyme-mediated excision of the transgene cassette from the plasmids and its permanent genomic insertion to produce stable transgenic animals. Generation of a germline-transgenic founder animal by using this protocol takes ∼2 months. Transposon-mediated transgenesis compares favorably in terms of both efficiency and reliable transgene expression with classic pronuclear microinjection, and it offers comparable efficacies (numbers of transgenic founders obtained per injected embryo) to lentiviral approaches, without limitations on vector design, issues of transgene silencing, and the toxicity and biosafety concerns of working with viral vectors.
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Germline transgenesis in pigs by cytoplasmic microinjection of Sleeping Beauty transposons. Nat Protoc 2014; 9:810-27. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2014.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ivics Z, Mátés L, Yau TY, Landa V, Zidek V, Bashir S, Hoffmann OI, Hiripi L, Garrels W, Kues WA, Bösze Z, Geurts A, Pravenec M, Rülicke T, Izsvák Z. Germline transgenesis in rodents by pronuclear microinjection of Sleeping Beauty transposons. Nat Protoc 2014; 9:773-93. [PMID: 24625778 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2014.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We describe a protocol for high-efficiency germline transgenesis and sustained transgene expression in two important biomedical models, the mouse and the rat, by using the Sleeping Beauty transposon system. The procedure is based on co-injection of synthetic mRNA encoding the SB100X hyperactive transposase, together with circular plasmid DNA carrying a transgene construct flanked by binding sites for the transposase, into the pronuclei of fertilized oocytes. Upon translation of the transposase mRNA, enzyme-mediated excision of the transgene cassettes from the injected plasmids followed by permanent genomic insertion produces stable transgenic animals. Generation of a germline-transgenic founder animal by using this protocol takes ∼3 months. Transposon-mediated transgenesis compares favorably in terms of both efficiency and reliable transgene expression with classic pronuclear microinjection, and it offers comparable efficacies to lentiviral approaches without limitations on vector design, issues of transgene silencing, and the toxicity and biosafety concerns of working with viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Ivics
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - Lajos Mátés
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tien Yin Yau
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladimír Landa
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Zidek
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sanum Bashir
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Wiebke Garrels
- Friedrich Loeffler Institut, Institut für Nutztiergenetik, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Wilfried A Kues
- Friedrich Loeffler Institut, Institut für Nutztiergenetik, Neustadt, Germany
| | | | - Aron Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Ding S, Xu T, Wu X. Generation of genetically engineered mice by the piggyBac transposon system. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1194:171-85. [PMID: 25064103 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1215-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered mice (GEM) are invaluable tools not only for understanding mammalian biology but also for modeling human diseases. Here we present protocols to generate GEM with the piggyBac (PB) transposon system. In the first part, we describe a transgenic procedure that co-injects the transgene carried by a PB donor plasmid and a PB transposase (PBase)-expressing helper plasmid into the pronuclei of fertilized eggs. In the second part, we provide a large-scale, cost-effective insertional mutagenesis strategy that remobilizes single-copy PB transposons in the male germ line. Given that PB can transpose in a broad spectrum of eukaryotic hosts, the protocols described here could be adapted for other species in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Fudan-Yale Biomedical Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Matsuzaki Y, Oue M, Hirai H. Generation of a neurodegenerative disease mouse model using lentiviral vectors carrying an enhanced synapsin I promoter. J Neurosci Methods 2013; 223:133-43. [PMID: 24361760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain inherited progressive neurodegenerative disorders, such as spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), affect neurons in large areas of the central nervous system (CNS). The selective expression of disease-causing and therapeutic genes in susceptible regions and cell types is critical for the generation of animal models and development of gene therapies for these diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated the advantages of the short synapsin I (SynI) promoter (0.5 kb) as a neuron-specific promoter for robust transgene expression. However, the short SynI promoter has also shown some promoter activity in glia and a lack of transgene expression in significant areas of the CNS. New methods: To improve the SynI promoter, we used a SynI promoter that is twice as long (1.0 kb) as the short SynI promoter and incorporated a minimal CMV (minCMV) sequence. RESULTS We observed that the 1.0 kb rat SynI promoter with minCMV [rSynI(1.0)-minCMV] exhibited robust promoter strength, excellent neuronal specificity and wide-ranging transgene expression throughout the CNS. Comparison with existing methods: Compared with the two previously reported short (0.5 kb) promoters, the new promoter was superior with respect to neuronal specificity and more efficiently transduced neurons. Moreover, transgenic mice expressing the mutant protein ATXN1[Q98], which causes SCA type 1 (SCA1), under the control of the rSynI(1.0)-minCMV promoter showed robust transgene expression specifically in neurons throughout the CNS and exhibited progressive ataxia. CONCLUSION rSynI(1.0)-minCMV drives robust and neuron-specific transgene expression throughout the CNS and is therefore useful for viral vector-mediated neuron-specific gene delivery and generation of neuron-specific transgenic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Matsuzaki
- Department of Neurophysiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Miho Oue
- Department of Neurophysiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hirai
- Department of Neurophysiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
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JIANG JINGYAN, WEI DEE, SUN LI, WANG YUXIA, WU XIHAI, LI YING, FANG ZHENGHUI, SHANG HUI, WEI ZENGTAO. A preliminary study on the construction of double suicide gene delivery vectors by mesenchymal stem cells and the in vitro inhibitory effects on SKOV3 cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:781-7. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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