1
|
Alibhai FJ, Li RK. Rejuvenation of the Aging Heart: Molecular Determinants and Applications. Can J Cardiol 2024:S0828-282X(24)00201-0. [PMID: 38460612 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In Canada and worldwide, the elderly population (ie, individuals > 65 years of age) is increasing disproportionately relative to the total population. This is expected to have a substantial impact on the health care system, as increased aged is associated with a greater incidence of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Within the elderly population, cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death, therefore developing therapies that can prevent or slow disease progression in this group is highly desirable. Historically, aging research has focused on the development of anti-aging therapies that are implemented early in life and slow the age-dependent decline in cell and organ function. However, accumulating evidence supports that late-in-life therapies can also benefit the aged cardiovascular system by limiting age-dependent functional decline. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated that rejuvenation (ie, reverting cellular function to that of a younger phenotype) of the already aged cardiovascular system is possible, opening new avenues to develop therapies for older individuals. In this review, we first provide an overview of the functional changes that occur in the cardiomyocyte with aging and how this contributes to the age-dependent decline in heart function. We then discuss the various anti-aging and rejuvenation strategies that have been pursued to improve the function of the aged cardiomyocyte, with a focus on therapies implemented late in life. These strategies include 1) established systemic approaches (caloric restriction, exercise), 2) pharmacologic approaches (mTOR, AMPK, SIRT1, and autophagy-targeting molecules), and 3) emerging rejuvenation approaches (partial reprogramming, parabiosis/modulation of circulating factors, targeting endogenous stem cell populations, and senotherapeutics). Collectively, these studies demonstrate the exciting potential and limitations of current rejuvenation strategies and highlight future areas of investigation that will contribute to the development of rejuvenation therapies for the aged heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal J Alibhai
- Toronto General Research Hospital Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Toronto General Research Hospital Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Escobar AP, Bonansco C, Cruz G, Dagnino-Subiabre A, Fuenzalida M, Negrón I, Sotomayor-Zárate R, Martínez-Pinto J, Jorquera G. Central and Peripheral Inflammation: A Common Factor Causing Addictive and Neurological Disorders and Aging-Related Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10083. [PMID: 37373230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many diseases and degenerative processes affecting the nervous system and peripheral organs trigger the activation of inflammatory cascades. Inflammation can be triggered by different environmental conditions or risk factors, including drug and food addiction, stress, and aging, among others. Several pieces of evidence show that the modern lifestyle and, more recently, the confinement associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have contributed to increasing the incidence of addictive and neuropsychiatric disorders, plus cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we gather evidence on how some of these risk factors are implicated in activating central and peripheral inflammation contributing to some neuropathologies and behaviors associated with poor health. We discuss the current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the generation of inflammation and how these processes occur in different cells and tissues to promote ill health and diseases. Concomitantly, we discuss how some pathology-associated and addictive behaviors contribute to worsening these inflammation mechanisms, leading to a vicious cycle that promotes disease progression. Finally, we list some drugs targeting inflammation-related pathways that may have beneficial effects on the pathological processes associated with addictive, mental, and cardiometabolic illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angélica P Escobar
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Christian Bonansco
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Cruz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Marco Fuenzalida
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Ignacio Negrón
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Jonathan Martínez-Pinto
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Gonzalo Jorquera
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mackert O, Wirth EK, Sun R, Winkler J, Liu A, Renko K, Kunz S, Spranger J, Brachs S. Impact of metabolic stress induced by diets, aging and fasting on tissue oxygen consumption. Mol Metab 2022; 64:101563. [PMID: 35944898 PMCID: PMC9418990 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alterations in mitochondrial function play an important role in the development of various diseases, such as obesity, insulin resistance, steatohepatitis, atherosclerosis and cancer. However, accurate assessment of mitochondrial respiration ex vivo is limited and remains highly challenging. Using our novel method, we measured mitochondrial oxygen consumption (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) of metabolically relevant tissues ex vivo to investigate the impact of different metabolic stressors on mitochondrial function. METHODS Comparative analyses of OCR and ECAR were performed in tissue biopsies of young mice fed 12 weeks standard-control (STD), high-fat (HFD), high-sucrose (HSD), or western diet (WD), matured mice with HFD, and 2year-old mice aged on STD with and without fasting. RESULTS While diets had only marginal effects on mitochondrial respiration, respiratory chain complexes II and IV were reduced in adipose tissue (AT). Moreover, matured HFD-fed mice showed a decreased hepatic metabolic flexibility and prolonged aging increased OCR in brown AT. Interestingly, fasting boosted pancreatic and hepatic OCR while decreasing weight of those organs. Furthermore, ECAR measurements in AT could indicate its lipolytic capacity. CONCLUSION Using ex vivo tissue measurements, we could extensively analyze mitochondrial function of liver, AT, pancreas and heart revealing effects of metabolic stress, especially aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Mackert
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Katrin Wirth
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Rongwan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer Winkler
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Aoxue Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Kostja Renko
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Berlin, Germany
| | - Séverine Kunz
- Technology Platform for Electron Microscopy at the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Brachs
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sex Steroid Receptors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Endometriosis: Insights from Laboratory Studies to Clinical Trials. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071705. [PMID: 35885010 PMCID: PMC9312843 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis are reproductive disorders that may cause infertility. The pathology of both diseases has been suggested to be associated with sex steroid hormone receptors, including oestrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PRs) and androgen receptors (ARs). Therefore, with this review, we aim to provide an update on the available knowledge of these receptors and how their interactions contribute to the pathogenesis of PCOS and endometriosis. One of the main PCOS-related medical conditions is abnormal folliculogenesis, which is associated with the downregulation of ER and AR expression in the ovaries. In addition, metabolic disorders in PCOS are caused by dysregulation of sex steroid hormone receptor expression. Furthermore, endometriosis is related to the upregulation of ER and the downregulation of PR expression. These receptors may serve as therapeutic targets for the treatment of PCOS-related disorders and endometriosis, considering their pathophysiological roles. Receptor agonists may be applied to increase the expression of a specific receptor and treat endometriosis or metabolic disorders. In contrast, receptor antagonist functions to reduce receptor expression and can be used to treat endometriosis and induce ovulation. Understanding PCOS and the pathological roles of endometriosis sex steroid receptors is crucial for developing potential therapeutic strategies to treat infertility in both conditions. Therefore, research should be continued to fill the knowledge gap regarding the subject.
Collapse
|
5
|
Dela Justina V, Miguez JSG, Priviero F, Sullivan JC, Giachini FR, Webb RC. Sex Differences in Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Aging. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:725884. [PMID: 35822017 PMCID: PMC9261391 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.725884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of illness and death in the Western world. Cardiovascular aging is a progressive modification occurring in cardiac and vascular morphology and physiology where increased endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are observed, generally accompanied by increased systolic blood pressure and augmented pulse pressure. The effects of biological sex on cardiovascular pathophysiology have long been known. The incidence of hypertension is higher in men, and it increases in postmenopausal women. Premenopausal women are protected from CVD compared with age-matched men and this protective effect is lost with menopause, suggesting that sex-hormones influence blood pressure regulation. In parallel, the heart progressively remodels over the course of life and the pattern of cardiac remodeling also differs between the sexes. Lower autonomic tone, reduced baroreceptor response, and greater vascular function are observed in premenopausal women than men of similar age. However, postmenopausal women have stiffer arteries than their male counterparts. The biological mechanisms responsible for sex-related differences observed in cardiovascular aging are being unraveled over the last several decades. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms underlying the sex-differences of CVD in aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Dela Justina
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Priviero
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Jennifer C Sullivan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Fernanda R Giachini
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yin L, Luo M, Wang R, Ye J, Wang X. Mitochondria in Sex Hormone-Induced Disorder of Energy Metabolism in Males and Females. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:749451. [PMID: 34987473 PMCID: PMC8721233 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.749451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgens have a complex role in the regulation of insulin sensitivity in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. In male subjects, a reduction in androgens increases the risk for insulin resistance, which is improved by androgen injections. However, in female subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), androgen excess becomes a risk factor for insulin resistance. The exact mechanism underlying the complex activities of androgens remains unknown. In this review, a hormone synergy-based view is proposed for understanding this complexity. Mitochondrial overactivation by substrate influx is a mechanism of insulin resistance in obesity. This concept may apply to the androgen-induced insulin resistance in PCOS. Androgens and estrogens both exhibit activities in the induction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The two hormones may synergize in mitochondria to induce overproduction of ATP. ATP surplus in the pancreatic β-cells and α-cells causes excess secretion of insulin and glucagon, respectively, leading to peripheral insulin resistance in the early phase of type 2 diabetes. In the skeletal muscle and liver, the ATP surplus contributes to insulin resistance through suppression of AMPK and activation of mTOR. Consistent ATP surplus leads to mitochondrial dysfunction as a consequence of mitophagy inhibition, which provides a potential mechanism for mitochondrial dysfunction in β-cells and brown adipocytes in PCOS. The hormone synergy-based view provides a basis for the overactivation and dysfunction of mitochondria in PCOS-associated type 2 diabetes. The molecular mechanism for the synergy is discussed in this review with a focus on transcriptional regulation. This view suggests a unifying mechanism for the distinct metabolic roles of androgens in the control of insulin action in men with hypogonadism and women with PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yin
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Luo
- Metabolism Research Center, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Ye
- Metabolism Research Center, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Center for Advanced Medicine, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianping Ye, ; Xiaohui Wang,
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianping Ye, ; Xiaohui Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW This review summarizes sex-related changes in the heart and vasculature that occur with aging, both in the presence and absence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). RECENT FINDINGS In the presence of CVD risk factors and/or overt CVD, sex-specific changes in the number of cardiomyocytes, extent of the myocardial extracellular matrix, and myocellular hypertrophy promote unique patterns of LV remodeling in men and women. In addition, age- and sex-specific vascular stiffening is also well established, driven by changes in endothelial dysfunction, elastin-collagen content, microvascular dysfunction, and neurohormonal signaling. Together, these changes in LV chamber geometry and morphology, coupled with heightened vascular stiffness, appear to drive both age-related increases in systolic function and declines in diastolic function, particularly in postmenopausal women. Accordingly, estrogen has been implicated as a key mediator, given its direct vasodilating properties, association with nitric oxide excretion, and involvement in myocellular Ca2+ handling, mitochondrial energy production, and oxidative stress. The culmination of the abovementioned sex-specific cardiac and vascular changes across the lifespan provides important insight into heart failure development, particularly of the preserved ejection fraction variety, while offering promise for future preventive strategies and therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Oneglia
- Applied Physiology and Advanced Imaging Lab, University of Texas at Arlington, 655 West Mitchell St, Arlington, TX, 76010, USA
| | - Michael D Nelson
- Applied Physiology and Advanced Imaging Lab, University of Texas at Arlington, 655 West Mitchell St, Arlington, TX, 76010, USA
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, AHSP Suite A3206, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - C Noel Bairey Merz
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, AHSP Suite A3206, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Menopause-Related Estrogen Decrease and the Pathogenesis of HFpEF. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:1074-1082. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
9
|
Oda T, Yamaguchi A, Ishida R, Nikai T, Shimizu K, Matsumoto KI. Plasma proteomic changes during therapeutic hypothermia in resuscitated patients after cardiac arrest. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1069-1080. [PMID: 31316602 PMCID: PMC6601400 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothermia is used for several h during cardiac and aortic surgery to protect ischemic organs. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is used for ≤24 h as a treatment for comatose patients after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) following cardiac arrest. The proteomic approach may provide unbiased data on alterations in the abundance of proteins during TH. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of cooling/rewarming on the plasma proteome during TH after ROSC and to identify the mechanism underlying its therapeutic effects. A total of nine comatose adult patients, resuscitated shortly after cardiac arrest, were cooled to 34°C for 24 h and slowly rewarmed to 36°C. A quantitative gel-free proteomic analysis was performed using the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification labeling tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma samples were obtained prior to cooling and rewarming, and immediately after rewarming, from all patients during TH after ROSC. A total of 92 high-confidence proteins were identified. Statistically significant alterations were observed (>1.2-fold increase or <0.833-fold decrease) in the levels of 15 of those proteins (P=0.003–0.047), mainly proteins belonging to the acute-phase response or platelet degranulation. Unexpectedly, the levels of free hemoglobin (hemoglobin subunits α and β) were significantly downregulated during TH (P<0.05). The level of the terminal complement complex (SC5b-9) showed significant reduction after cooling (P=0.023). Although the acute-phase response proteins were upregulated, the abundance of complement proteins did not change, and the levels of SC5b-9 and free hemoglobin decreased during TH in patients after ROSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teiji Oda
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Akane Yamaguchi
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ishida
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shimane Prefectural Central Hospital, Izumo, Shimane 693-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Nikai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Shimizu
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Matsumoto
- Department of Biosignaling and Radioisotope Experiment, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mahmoodzadeh S, Dworatzek E. The Role of 17β-Estradiol and Estrogen Receptors in Regulation of Ca 2+ Channels and Mitochondrial Function in Cardiomyocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:310. [PMID: 31156557 PMCID: PMC6529529 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological, clinical, and animal studies showed that cardiac function and manifestation of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are different between males and females. The underlying reasons for these sex differences are definitely multifactorial, but major evidence points to a causal role of the sex steroid hormone 17β-estradiol (E2) and its receptors (ER) in the physiology and pathophysiology of the heart. Interestingly, it has been shown that cardiac calcium (Ca2+) ion channels and mitochondrial function are regulated in a sex-specific manner. Accurate mitochondrial function and Ca2+ signaling are of utmost importance for adequate heart function and crucial to maintaining the cardiovascular health. Due to the highly sensitive nature of these processes in the heart, this review article highlights the current knowledge regarding sex dimorphisms in the heart implicating the importance of E2 and ERs in the regulation of cardiac mitochondrial function and Ca2+ ion channels, thus the contractility. In particular, we provide an overview of in-vitro and in-vivo studies using either E2 deficiency; ER deficiency or selective ER activation, which suggest that E2 and ERs are strongly involved in these processes. In this context, this review also discusses the divergent E2-responses resulting from the activation of different ER subtypes in these processes. Detailed understanding of the E2 and ER-mediated molecular and cellular mechanisms in the heart under physiological and pathological conditions may help to design more specifically targeted drugs for the management of CVDs in men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shokoufeh Mahmoodzadeh
- Department of Molecular Muscle Physiology, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Shokoufeh Mahmoodzadeh
| | - Elke Dworatzek
- Department of Molecular Muscle Physiology, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Gender in Medicine, Charité Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ventura-Clapier R, Piquereau J, Veksler V, Garnier A. Estrogens, Estrogen Receptors Effects on Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:557. [PMID: 31474941 PMCID: PMC6702264 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are unique organelles present in almost all cell types. They are involved not only in the supply of energy to the host cell, but also in multiple biochemical and biological processes like calcium homeostasis, production, and regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), pH control, or cell death. The importance of mitochondria in cell biology and pathology is increasingly recognized. Being maternally inherited, mitochondria exhibit a tissue-specificity, because most of the mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome. This renders them exquisitely well-adapted to the physiology of the host cell. It is thus not surprising that mitochondria show a sexual dimorphism and that they are also prone to the influence of sex chromosomes and sex hormones. Estrogens affect mitochondria through multiple processes involving membrane and nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) as well as more direct effects. Moreover, estrogen receptors have been identified within mitochondria. The effects of estrogens on mitochondria comprise protein content and specific activity of mitochondrial proteins, phospholipid content of membranes, oxidant and anti-oxidant capacities, oxidative phosphorylation, and calcium retention capacities. Herein we will briefly review the life cycle and functions of mitochondria, the importance of estrogen receptors and the effects of estrogens on heart and skeletal muscle mitochondria.
Collapse
|
12
|
Garvin AM, Jackson MA, Korzick DH. Inhibition of programmed necrosis limits infarct size through altered mitochondrial and immune responses in the aged female rat heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1434-H1442. [PMID: 29957016 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00595.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Both advancing age and estrogen loss exacerbate acute myocardial infarction in the female heart. However, the mechanistic underpinnings of age-related differences in cell death after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in female subjects and reductions in cardioprotective reserve capacity remain largely unexplored. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of programmed necrosis inhibition on infarct size reduction and preservation of left ventricular (LV) function after I/R injury with female aging. Fischer 344 rats were ovariectomized (OVX) at 15 mo and studied at 24 mo (MO OVX) versus adult rats with intact ovaries (6 mo). After in vivo coronary artery ligation (55-min ischemia and 2- or 6-h reperfusion), necrostatin-1 (Nec-1; 3.5 or 5.7 mg/kg) delivered upon reperfusion significantly reduced infarct size by 37% and improved LV function in the MO OVX group ( P < 0.01). Although age-associated elevations in cyclophilin D and mitochondrial acetylation ( P < 0.001) were unaffected by Nec-1, profound reductions in IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α ( P < 0.05) as well as cardiac immune cell infiltration were observed in MO OVX but not adult rats. We conclude that chronic inflammation and postmenopausal estrogen deficiency conspire to exacerbate acute infarction through a mechanism involving exaggerated mitochondria-mediated programmed necrosis through receptor-interacting protein 1 signaling. Modulatory effects of programmed necrosis inhibition on proinflammatory cytokine production after I/R reveal a potentially important mechanistic target to restore and preserve cardiac function in the OVX aged female heart. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Myocardial infarct size reduction by inhibition of programmed necrosis in aged female subjects suggests a dominant cell death pathway. Alterations in mitochondrial protein levels and acetylation underscore a mitochondria-dependent mechanism, whereas the profound cytokine reduction in aged subjects alone points to a divergent role for immune modulation of programmed necrosis and viable therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Garvin
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Morgan A Jackson
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Donna H Korzick
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania.,Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hamilton DJ, Minze LJ, Kumar T, Cao TN, Lyon CJ, Geiger PC, Hsueh WA, Gupte AA. Estrogen receptor alpha activation enhances mitochondrial function and systemic metabolism in high-fat-fed ovariectomized mice. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/17/e12913. [PMID: 27582063 PMCID: PMC5027347 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen impacts insulin action and cardiac metabolism, and menopause dramatically increases cardiometabolic risk in women. However, the mechanism(s) of cardiometabolic protection by estrogen remain incompletely understood. Here, we tested the effects of selective activation of E2 receptor alpha (ERα) on systemic metabolism, insulin action, and cardiac mitochondrial function in a mouse model of metabolic dysfunction (ovariectomy [OVX], insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and advanced age). Middle-aged (12-month-old) female low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr)(-/-) mice were subjected to OVX or sham surgery and fed "western" high-fat diet (WHFD) for 3 months. Selective ERα activation with 4,4',4″-(4-Propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl) (PPT), prevented weight gain, improved insulin action, and reduced visceral fat accumulation in WHFD-fed OVX mice. PPT treatment also elevated systemic metabolism, increasing oxygen consumption and core body temperature, induced expression of several metabolic genes such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha, and nuclear respiratory factor 1 in heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue, and increased cardiac mitochondrial function. Taken together, selective activation of ERα with PPT enhances metabolic effects including insulin resistance, whole body energy metabolism, and mitochondrial function in OVX mice with metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dale J Hamilton
- Center for Metabolic and Bioenergetics Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas Houston Methodist Department of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Tanvi Kumar
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Tram N Cao
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Paige C Geiger
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | | | - Anisha A Gupte
- Center for Metabolic and Bioenergetics Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Garvin AM, Aurigemma NC, Hackenberger JL, Korzick DH. Age and ischemia differentially impact mitochondrial ultrastructure and function in a novel model of age-associated estrogen deficiency in the female rat heart. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1591-1602. [PMID: 28776263 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Altered mitochondrial respiration, morphology, and quality control collectively contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction in the aged heart. Because myocardial infarction remains the leading cause of death in aged women, the present study utilized a novel rodent model to recapitulate human menopause to interrogate the combination of age and estrogen deficiency on mitochondrial ultrastructure and function with cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Female F344 rats were ovariectomized (OVX) at 15 months and studied at 24 months (MO OVX; n = 40) vs adult ovary intact (6 months; n = 41). Temporal declines in estrogen concomitant with increased visceral adipose tissue were observed in MO OVX vs adult. Following in vivo coronary artery ligation or sham surgery, state 3 mitochondrial respiration was selectively reduced by age in subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM) and by I/R in interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM); left ventricular maximum dP/dt was reduced in MO OVX (p < 0.05). Elevated cyclophilin D and exacerbated I/R-induced mitochondrial acetylation in MO OVX suggest permeability transition pore involvement and reduced protection vs adult (p < 0.05). Mitochondrial morphology by TEM revealed an altered time course of autophagy coordinate with attenuated Drp1 and LC3BII protein levels with age-associated estrogen loss (p < 0.05). Here, reductions in both SSM and IFM function may play an additive role in enhanced susceptibility to regional I/R injury in aged estrogen-deficient female hearts. Moreover, novel insight into altered cardiac mitochondrial quality control garnered here begins to unravel the potentially important regulatory role of mitochondrial dynamics on sustaining respiratory function in the aged female heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Garvin
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, 106 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Nicole C Aurigemma
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, 106 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jenna L Hackenberger
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Donna H Korzick
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, 106 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Moreira AC, Silva AM, Branco AF, Baldeiras I, Pereira GC, Seiça R, Santos MS, Sardão VA. Phytoestrogen coumestrol improves mitochondrial activity and decreases oxidative stress in the brain of ovariectomized Wistar-Han rats. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
|
16
|
Garvin AM, Miller-Lee JL, Sharda DR, Kanski GM, Hunter JC, Korzick DH. Evidence of Altered Mitochondrial Protein Expression After Chronic Ethanol Consumption in the Aged Estrogen-Deficient Female Rat Heart. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1288-1297. [PMID: 28543099 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen loss has been implicated to increase the risk of alcoholic cardiomyopathy in postmenopausal women. The purpose of this study was to identify novel mitochondrial protein targets for the treatment of alcoholic cardiomyopathy in aged women using a state-of-the-art proteomic approach. We hypothesized that chronic ethanol (EtOH) ingestion exacerbates maladaptive mitochondrial protein expression in the aged female heart. METHODS Adult (3 months) and aged (18 months) F344 ovary-intact or ovariectomized (OVX) rats were randomly assigned an EtOH or control Lieber-DeCarli "all-liquid" diet for 20 weeks. Proteomic analyses were conducted in mitochondria isolated from left ventricles using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) 8plex labeling and mass spectrometry (n = 3 to 5/group). RESULTS After EtOH, significant differences (false discovery rate <5%) were observed in electron transport chain components (NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2) as well as proteins involved in lipid metabolism (2,4 dienoyl-CoA reductase) and cellular defense (catalase), suggesting a possible link to congestive heart failure. Directional changes in protein levels were confirmed by Western blotting. Additionally, EtOH significantly reduced state 3 mitochondrial respiration in all groups, yet only reduced respiratory control index in the aged OVX rat heart (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the data reveal that EtOH-induced changes in the mitochondrial proteome exacerbate cardiac dysfunction in aged and estrogen-deficient hearts, but not in adult. In conclusion, iTRAQ is a powerful tool for investigating new mitochondrial targets of alcoholic cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Garvin
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer L Miller-Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel R Sharda
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory M Kanski
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - J Craig Hunter
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Donna H Korzick
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.,Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Boengler K, Kosiol M, Mayr M, Schulz R, Rohrbach S. Mitochondria and ageing: role in heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:349-369. [PMID: 28432755 PMCID: PMC5476857 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is the most important risk factor for most diseases. Mitochondria play a central role in bioenergetics and metabolism. In addition, several lines of evidence indicate the impact of mitochondria in lifespan determination and ageing. The best-known hypothesis to explain ageing is the free radical theory, which proposes that cells, organs, and organisms age because they accumulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage over time. Mitochondria play a central role as the principle source of intracellular ROS, which are mainly formed at the level of complex I and III of the respiratory chain. Dysfunctional mitochondria generating less ATP have been observed in various aged organs. Mitochondrial dysfunction comprises different features including reduced mitochondrial content, altered mitochondrial morphology, reduced activity of the complexes of the electron transport chain, opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and increased ROS formation. Furthermore, abnormalities in mitochondrial quality control or defects in mitochondrial dynamics have also been linked to senescence. Among the tissues affected by mitochondrial dysfunction are those with a high-energy demand and thus high mitochondrial content. Therefore, the present review focuses on the impact of mitochondria in the ageing process of heart and skeletal muscle. In this article, we review different aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction and discuss potential therapeutic strategies to improve mitochondrial function. Finally, novel aspects of adipose tissue biology and their involvement in the ageing process are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Boengler
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Maik Kosiol
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Rohrbach
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Capitanio D, Vasso M, De Palma S, Fania C, Torretta E, Cammarata FP, Magnaghi V, Procacci P, Gelfi C. Specific protein changes contribute to the differential muscle mass loss during ageing. Proteomics 2016; 16:645-56. [PMID: 26698593 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the skeletal muscle, the ageing process is characterized by a loss of muscle mass and strength, coupled with a decline of mitochondrial function and a decrease of satellite cells. This profile is more pronounced in hindlimb than in forelimb muscles, both in humans and in rodents. Utilizing light and electron microscopy, myosin heavy chain isoform distribution, proteomic analysis by 2D-DIGE, MALDI-TOF MS and quantitative immunoblotting, this study analyzes the protein levels and the nuclear localization of specific molecules, which can contribute to a preferential muscle loss. Our results identify the molecular changes in the hindlimb (gastrocnemius) and forelimb (triceps) muscles during ageing in rats (3- and 22-month-old). Specifically, the oxidative metabolism contributes to tissue homeostasis in triceps, whereas respiratory chain disruption and oxidative-stress-induced damage imbalance the homeostasis in gastrocnemius muscle. High levels of dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase (Dlat) and ATP synthase subunit alpha (Atp5a1) are detected in triceps and gastrocnemius, respectively. Interestingly, in triceps, both molecules are increased in the nucleus in aged rats and are associated to an increased protein acetylation and myoglobin availability. Furthermore, autophagy is retained in triceps whereas an enhanced fusion, decrement of mitophagy and of regenerative potential is observed in aged gastrocnemius muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Capitanio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy
| | - Michele Vasso
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Segrate (MI) - Cefalù (PA), Italy
| | - Sara De Palma
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Segrate (MI) - Cefalù (PA), Italy
| | - Chiara Fania
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy
| | - Enrica Torretta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy
| | - Francesco P Cammarata
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Segrate (MI) - Cefalù (PA), Italy
| | - Valerio Magnaghi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Procacci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy.,Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Segrate (MI) - Cefalù (PA), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Meng Z, Jing H, Gan L, Li H, Luo B. Resveratrol attenuated estrogen-deficient-induced cardiac dysfunction: role of AMPK, SIRT1, and mitochondrial function. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:2641-2649. [PMID: 27398147 PMCID: PMC4931158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Large epidemiological studies suggest that there are important differences in the incidence and severity of a wide variety of cardiac diseases, between premenopausal and menopausal women. Recently, it has been demonstrated that resveratrol may has similar function as estrogen. However, whether resveratrol replacement could mimic estrogen to protect heart in ovariectomized mice remains completely unknown. Firstly, the present study has used OVX/CAL model to investigate the effect of RSV on ischemic heart. Echocardiography analysis revealed that RSV administration significantly improved cardiac contractile function in estrogen-deficient mice. RSV also significantly reduced CK and LDH release, and heart infarct size in OVX/CAL group. Secondly, mitochondrial functions, including MRC activities, MDA level, and mitochondrial swelling, were evaluated in OVX mice. It was found that supplementation with RSV could restore mitochondrial function dampened by OVX. Thirdly, these protective functions mediated by RSV were mainly attributed to the enhancement of SIRT1/AMPK activity. In summary, the results support a potential role of resveratrol in the protection of cardiac functions under estrogen depletion status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Meng
- Experimental Teaching Center of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Hongjiang Jing
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Air Force General Hospital (PLA)No.30 Fucheng Road, District of Haidian, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Experimental Teaching Center of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Hua Li
- Experimental Teaching Center of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Bingde Luo
- Experimental Teaching Center of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Depressed calcium cycling contributes to lower ischemia tolerance in hearts of estrogen-deficient rats. Menopause 2016; 22:773-82. [PMID: 25513985 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Estrogens enhance ischemia tolerance (IT) in the myocardium, the mechanism of which remains unclear. We investigated the effects of long-term estrogen deprivation on the intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)(i)) transient of the heart and its possible influence on IT. METHODS Hearts of ovariectomized (OVX) and sham-operated (control) adult female rats (some receiving estrogen therapy) were studied 10 weeks after surgical operation: control (n = 8), OVX (n = 10), sham-operated estrogen-substituted (n = 7), and ovariectomized estrogen-substituted (n = 9). In vivo heart function was assessed by echocardiography, whereas Ca(2+)(i) transients were recorded, concomitantly with left ventricular pressure and coronary flow, by Indo-1 surface fluorometry in isolated Langendorff-perfused hearts. Isolated hearts were subjected to a 30-minute global ischemia-30-minute reperfusion protocol. Left ventricular expression of myocardial sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA2a), phospholamban (PLB), and Ser16-phosphorylated PLB was measured. RESULTS Ovariectomy did not influence resting cardiac function in vivo or ex vivo. However, Ca(2+) removal was slower. During ischemia, Ca(2+)(i) elevation and ischemic contracture were more pronounced after ovariectomy. Postischemic restitution of inotropic function (developed pressure; +dP/dt(max)) and lusitropic function (-dP/dt(max)) and Ca(2+)(i) transient recovery (amplitude; ±dCa(2+)(i)/dt(max)) were decreased in OVX hearts. Sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase expression was unaltered, whereas PLB and Ser16-phosphorylated PLB levels were higher after ovariectomy. All effects of ovariectomy were restored by estrogen therapy. CONCLUSIONS Ovariectomy impairs myocardial Ca(2+) removal by increasing the expression of the SERCA2a inhibitor PLB. Defective Ca(2+) transport causes ischemic Ca(2+)(i) overload and insufficient postischemic recovery of Ca(2+)(i) transients, which entail depressed hemodynamic restitution. Protection of intact Ca(2+) cycling in the myocardium by estrogens plays a major role in enhancing IT.
Collapse
|
21
|
Gupte AA, Pownall HJ, Hamilton DJ. Estrogen: an emerging regulator of insulin action and mitochondrial function. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:916585. [PMID: 25883987 PMCID: PMC4391691 DOI: 10.1155/2015/916585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials and animal studies have revealed that loss of circulating estrogen induces rapid changes in whole body metabolism, fat distribution, and insulin action. The metabolic effects of estrogen are mediated primarily by its receptor, estrogen receptor-α; however, the detailed understanding of its mechanisms is incomplete. Recent investigations suggest that estrogen receptor-α elicits the metabolic effects of estrogen by genomic, nongenomic, and mitochondrial mechanisms that regulate insulin signaling, substrate oxidation, and energetics. This paper reviews clinical and experimental studies on the mechanisms of estrogen and the current state of knowledge regarding physiological and pathobiological influences of estrogen on metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anisha A. Gupte
- Bioenergetics Laboratory, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- *Anisha A. Gupte:
| | - Henry J. Pownall
- Atherosclerosis & Lipoprotein Research, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dale J. Hamilton
- Bioenergetics Laboratory, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Houston Methodist Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 6550 Fannin, Suite 1001, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Efficacy of female rat models in translational cardiovascular aging research. J Aging Res 2014; 2014:153127. [PMID: 25610649 PMCID: PMC4294461 DOI: 10.1155/2014/153127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women in the United States. Aging is a primary risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease as well as cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality. Aging is a universal process that all humans undergo; however, research in aging is limited by cost and time constraints. Therefore, most research in aging has been done in primates and rodents; however it is unknown how well the effects of aging in rat models translate into humans. To compound the complication of aging gender has also been indicated as a risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases. This review addresses the systemic pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system associated with aging and gender for aging research with regard to the applicability of rat derived data for translational application to human aging.
Collapse
|
23
|
Testai L, Rapposelli S, Martelli A, Breschi M, Calderone V. Mitochondrial Potassium Channels as Pharmacological Target for Cardioprotective Drugs. Med Res Rev 2014; 35:520-53. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Testai
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - S. Rapposelli
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - A. Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - M.C. Breschi
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - V. Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Oda T, Yamaguchi A, Yokoyama M, Shimizu K, Toyota K, Nikai T, Matsumoto KI. Plasma proteomic changes during hypothermic and normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in aortic surgeries. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:947-56. [PMID: 25050567 PMCID: PMC4152143 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) is a protective method against brain ischemia in aortic surgery. However, the possible effects of DHCA on the plasma proteins remain to be determined. In the present study, we used novel high-throughput technology to compare the plasma proteomes during DHCA (22°C) with selective cerebral perfusion (SCP, n=7) to those during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB, n=7). Three plasma samples per patient were obtained during CPB: T1, prior to cooling; T2, during hypothermia; T3, after rewarming for the DHCA group and three corresponding points for the normothermic group. A proteomic analysis was performed using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling tandem mass spectrometry to assess quantitative protein changes. In total, the analysis identified 262 proteins. The bioinformatics analysis revealed a significant upregulation of complement activation at T2 in normothermic CPB, which was suppressed in DHCA. These findings were confirmed by the changes of the terminal complement complex (SC5b-9) levels. At T3, however, the level of SC5b-9 showed a greater increase in DHCA compared to normothermic CPB, while 48 proteins were significantly downregulated in DHCA. The results demonstrated that DHCA and rewarming potentially exert a significant effect on the plasma proteome in patients undergoing aortic surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teiji Oda
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Akane Yamaguchi
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Masao Yokoyama
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Koji Shimizu
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Kosaku Toyota
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Nikai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Matsumoto
- Department of Biosignaling and Radioisotope Experiment, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shen X, Young R, Canty JM, Qu J. Quantitative proteomics in cardiovascular research: global and targeted strategies. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:488-505. [PMID: 24920501 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Extensive technical advances in the past decade have substantially expanded quantitative proteomics in cardiovascular research. This has great promise for elucidating the mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases and the discovery of cardiac biomarkers used for diagnosis and treatment evaluation. Global and targeted proteomics are the two major avenues of quantitative proteomics. While global approaches enable unbiased discovery of altered proteins via relative quantification at the proteome level, targeted techniques provide higher sensitivity and accuracy, and are capable of multiplexed absolute quantification in numerous clinical/biological samples. While promising, technical challenges need to be overcome to enable full utilization of these techniques in cardiovascular medicine. Here, we discuss recent advances in quantitative proteomics and summarize applications in cardiovascular research with an emphasis on biomarker discovery and elucidating molecular mechanisms of disease. We propose the integration of global and targeted strategies as a high-throughput pipeline for cardiovascular proteomics. Targeted approaches enable rapid, extensive validation of biomarker candidates discovered by global proteomics. These approaches provide a promising alternative to immunoassays and other low-throughput means currently used for limited validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Shen
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Knowlton AA, Korzick DH. Estrogen and the female heart. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 389:31-9. [PMID: 24462775 PMCID: PMC5709037 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen has a plethora of effects in the cardiovascular system. Studies of estrogen and the heart span human clinical trials and basic cell and molecular investigations. Greater understanding of cell and molecular responses to estrogens can provide further insights into the findings of clinical studies. Differences in expression and cellular/intracellular distribution of the two main receptors, estrogen receptor (ER) α and β, are thought to account for the specificity and differences in responses to estrogen. Much remains to be learned in this area, but cellular distribution within the cardiovascular system is becoming clearer. Identification of GPER as a third ER has introduced further complexity to the system. 17β-estradiol (E2), the most potent human estrogen, clearly has protective properties activating a signaling cascade leading to cellular protection and also influencing expression of the protective heat shock proteins (HSP). E2 protects the heart from ischemic injury in basic studies, but the picture is more involved in the whole organism and clinical studies. Here the complexity of E2's widespread effects comes into play and makes interpretation of findings more challenging. Estrogen loss occurs primarily with aging, but few studies have used aged models despite clear evidence of differences between the response to estrogen deficiency in adult and aged animals. Thus more work is needed focusing on the effects of aging vs. estrogen loss on the cardiovascular system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Knowlton
- The Department of Veteran's Affairs, Northern California VA, Sacramento, CA, USA; Molecular & Cellular Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, USA.
| | - D H Korzick
- Intercollege Program in Physiology and Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Low abundance of the matrix arm of complex I in mitochondria predicts longevity in mice. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3837. [PMID: 24815183 PMCID: PMC4024759 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is an important determinant of the ageing process; however, the mitochondrial properties that enable longevity are not well understood. Here we show that optimal assembly of mitochondrial complex I predicts longevity in mice. Using an unbiased high-coverage high-confidence approach, we demonstrate that electron transport chain proteins, especially the matrix arm subunits of complex I, are decreased in young long-living mice, which is associated with improved complex I assembly, higher complex I-linked state 3 oxygen consumption rates and decreased superoxide production, whereas the opposite is seen in old mice. Disruption of complex I assembly reduces oxidative metabolism with concomitant increase in mitochondrial superoxide production. This is rescued by knockdown of the mitochondrial chaperone, prohibitin. Disrupted complex I assembly causes premature senescence in primary cells. We propose that lower abundance of free catalytic complex I components supports complex I assembly, efficacy of substrate utilization and minimal ROS production, enabling enhanced longevity.
Collapse
|
28
|
Yaniv Y, Juhaszova M, Sollott SJ. Age-related changes of myocardial ATP supply and demand mechanisms. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2013; 24:495-505. [PMID: 23845538 PMCID: PMC3783621 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In advanced age, the resting myocardial oxygen consumption rate (MVO2) and cardiac work (CW) in the rat remain intact. However, MVO2, CW and cardiac efficiency achieved at high demand are decreased with age, compared to maximal values in the young. Whether this deterioration is due to decrease in myocardial ATP demand, ATP supply, or the control mechanisms that match them remains controversial. Here we discuss evolving perspectives of age-related changes of myocardial ATP supply and demand mechanisms, and critique experimental models used to investigate aging. Specifically, we evaluate experimental data collected at the level of isolated mitochondria, tissue, or organism, and discuss how mitochondrial energetic mechanisms change in advanced age, both at basal and high energy-demand levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Yaniv
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Biomedical Research Center, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fares E, Pyle WG, Ray G, Rose RA, Denovan-Wright EM, Chen RP, Howlett SE. The impact of ovariectomy on calcium homeostasis and myofilament calcium sensitivity in the aging mouse heart. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74719. [PMID: 24058623 PMCID: PMC3776741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined whether deficiency of ovarian estrogen starting very early in life promoted age-associated Ca(2+) dysregulation and contractile dysfunction in isolated ventricular myocytes. Myocytes were isolated from anesthetized C57BL/6 female mice. Animals received an ovariectomy or sham-operation at one month and were aged to ~24 months. Excitation-contraction coupling parameters were compared in fura-2 loaded myocytes (37°C). While Ca(2+) transients were larger and faster in field-stimulated myocytes from ovariectomized mice, ovariectomy had no effect on peak fractional shortening. Similarly, ovariectomy had no effect on fractional shortening measured in vivo by echocardiography (values were 60.5 ± 2.9 vs. 60.3 ± 2.5% in sham and ovariectomized, respectively; n=5 mice/group). Ovariectomy did decrease myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity, as evidenced by a 26% increase in the Ca(2+) required to activate actomyosin MgATPase in ovariectomized hearts. Larger Ca(2+) transients were attributable to a 48% increase in peak Ca(2+) current, along with an increase in the amplitude, width and frequency of Ca(2+) sparks measured in fluo-4 loaded myocytes. These changes in Ca(2+) handling were not due to increased expression of Ca(2+) channels (Cav1.2), sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA2) or Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger in ovariectomized hearts. However, ovariectomy increased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) stores by ~90% and promoted spontaneous Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum when compared to sham controls. These observations demonstrate that long-term ovariectomy promotes intracellular Ca(2+) dysregulation, reduces myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity and increases spontaneous Ca(2+) release in the aging female heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Fares
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - W. Glen Pyle
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gibanananda Ray
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robert A. Rose
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Robert P. Chen
- Pediatric Cardiology, IWK Health Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Susan E. Howlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Korzick DH, Lancaster TS. Age-related differences in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury: effects of estrogen deficiency. Pflugers Arch 2013; 465:669-85. [PMID: 23525672 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite conflicting evidence for the efficacy of hormone replacement therapy in cardioprotection of postmenopausal women, numerous studies have demonstrated reductions in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury following chronic or acute exogenous estradiol (E2) administration in adult male and female, gonad-intact and gonadectomized animals. It has become clear that ovariectomized adult animals may not accurately represent the combined effects of age and E2 deficiency on reductions in ischemic tolerance seen in the postmenopausal female. E2 is known to regulate the transcription of several cardioprotective genes. Acute, non-genomic E2 signaling can also activate many of the same signaling pathways recruited in cardioprotection. Alterations in cardioprotective gene expression or cardioprotective signal transduction are therefore likely to result within the context of aging and E2 deficiency and may help explain the reduced ischemic tolerance and loss of cardioprotection in the senescent female heart. Quantification of the mitochondrial proteome as it adapts to advancing age and E2 deficiency may also represent a key experimental approach to uncover proteins associated with disruptions in cardiac signaling contributing to age-associated declines in ischemic tolerance. These alterations have important ramifications for understanding the increased morbidity and mortality due to ischemic cardiovascular disease seen in postmenopausal females. Functional perturbations that occur in mitochondrial respiration and Ca(2+) sensitivity with age-associated E2 deficiency may also allow for the identification of alternative therapeutic targets for reducing I/R injury and treatment of the leading cause of death in postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donna H Korzick
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|