1
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Edwards CM, Kane JF, Smith JA, Grant DM, Johnson JA, Diaz MAH, Vecchi LA, Bracey KM, Omokehinde TN, Fontana JR, Karno BA, Scott HT, Vogel CJ, Lowery JW, Martin TJ, Johnson RW. PTHrP intracrine actions divergently influence breast cancer growth through p27 and LIFR. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:34. [PMID: 38409028 PMCID: PMC10897994 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01791-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related protein (PTHrP) in breast cancer remains controversial, with reports of PTHrP inhibiting or promoting primary tumor growth in preclinical studies. Here, we provide insight into these conflicting findings by assessing the role of specific biological domains of PTHrP in tumor progression through stable expression of PTHrP (-36-139aa) or truncated forms with deletion of the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) alone or in combination with the C-terminus. Although the full-length PTHrP molecule (-36-139aa) did not alter tumorigenesis, PTHrP lacking the NLS alone accelerated primary tumor growth by downregulating p27, while PTHrP lacking the NLS and C-terminus repressed tumor growth through p27 induction driven by the tumor suppressor leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR). Induction of p27 by PTHrP lacking the NLS and C-terminus persisted in bone disseminated cells, but did not prevent metastatic outgrowth, in contrast to the primary tumor site. These data suggest that the PTHrP NLS functions as a tumor suppressor, while the PTHrP C-terminus may act as an oncogenic switch to promote tumor progression through differential regulation of p27 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Edwards
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeremy F Kane
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jailyn A Smith
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Déja M Grant
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jasmine A Johnson
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maria A Hernandez Diaz
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lawrence A Vecchi
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kai M Bracey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tolu N Omokehinde
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joseph R Fontana
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Breelyn A Karno
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Halee T Scott
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Carolina J Vogel
- Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Bone and Muscle Research Group, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jonathan W Lowery
- Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Bone and Muscle Research Group, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Academic Affairs, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - T John Martin
- Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachelle W Johnson
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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2
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Zhao Y, Peng X, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Wang L, Xu Y, Yang H, Bai J, Geng D. Crosstalk Between the Neuroendocrine System and Bone Homeostasis. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:95-124. [PMID: 37459436 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The homeostasis of bone microenvironment is the foundation of bone health and comprises 2 concerted events: bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. In the early 21st century, leptin, an adipocytes-derived hormone, was found to affect bone homeostasis through hypothalamic relay and the sympathetic nervous system, involving neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine. This discovery has provided a new perspective regarding the synergistic effects of endocrine and nervous systems on skeletal homeostasis. Since then, more studies have been conducted, gradually uncovering the complex neuroendocrine regulation underlying bone homeostasis. Intriguingly, bone is also considered as an endocrine organ that can produce regulatory factors that in turn exert effects on neuroendocrine activities. After decades of exploration into bone regulation mechanisms, separate bioactive factors have been extensively investigated, whereas few studies have systematically shown a global view of bone homeostasis regulation. Therefore, we summarized the previously studied regulatory patterns from the nervous system and endocrine system to bone. This review will provide readers with a panoramic view of the intimate relationship between the neuroendocrine system and bone, compensating for the current understanding of the regulation patterns of bone homeostasis, and probably developing new therapeutic strategies for its related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhu Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Xiaole Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
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3
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Fan M, Geng N, Li X, Yin D, Yang Y, Jiang R, Chen C, Feng N, Liang L, Li X, Luo F, Qi H, Tan Q, Xie Y, Guo F. IRE1α regulates the PTHrP-IHH feedback loop to orchestrate chondrocyte hypertrophy and cartilage mineralization. Genes Dis 2024; 11:464-478. [PMID: 37588212 PMCID: PMC10425753 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage development is controlled by the highly synergistic proliferation and differentiation of growth plate chondrocytes, in which the Indian hedgehog (IHH) and parathyroid hormone-related protein-parathyroid hormone-1 receptor (PTHrP-PTH1R) feedback loop is crucial. The inositol-requiring enzyme 1α/X-box-binding protein-1 spliced (IRE1α/XBP1s) branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR) is essential for normal cartilage development. However, the precise role of ER stress effector IRE1α, encoded by endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1 (ERN1), in skeletal development remains unknown. Herein, we reported that loss of IRE1α accelerates chondrocyte hypertrophy and promotes endochondral bone growth. ERN1 acts as a negative regulator of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in postnatal growth plates. Its deficiency interrupted PTHrP/PTH1R and IHH homeostasis leading to impaired chondrocyte hypertrophy and differentiation. XBP1s, produced by p-IRE1α-mediated splicing, binds and up-regulates PTH1R and IHH, which coordinate cartilage development. Meanwhile, ER stress cannot be activated normally in ERN1-deficient chondrocytes. In conclusion, ERN1 deficiency accelerates chondrocyte hypertrophy and cartilage mineralization by impairing the homeostasis of the IHH and PTHrP/PTH1R feedback loop and ER stress. ERN1 may have a potential role as a new target for cartilage growth and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtian Fan
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Nana Geng
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xingyue Li
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Danyang Yin
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuyou Yang
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Naibo Feng
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Liang
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fengtao Luo
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Huabing Qi
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Qiaoyan Tan
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yangli Xie
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Fengjin Guo
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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4
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Sotoudeh Bagha P, Kolanthai E, Wei F, Neal CJ, Kumar U, Braun G, Coathup M, Seal S, Razavi M. Ultrasound-Responsive Nanobubbles for Combined siRNA-Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Delivery to Bone Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2393. [PMID: 37896153 PMCID: PMC10609961 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to present an ultrasound-mediated nanobubble (NB)-based gene delivery system that could potentially be applied in the future to treat bone disorders such as osteoporosis. NBs are sensitive to ultrasound (US) and serve as a controlled-released carrier to deliver a mixture of Cathepsin K (CTSK) siRNA and cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs). This platform aimed to reduce bone resorption via downregulating CTSK expression in osteoclasts and enhance bone formation via the antioxidant and osteogenic properties of CeNPs. CeNPs were synthesized and characterized using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The mixture of CTSK siRNA and CeNPs was adsorbed to the surface of NBs using a sonication method. The release profiles of CTSK siRNA and CeNPs labeled with a fluorescent tag molecule were measured after low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) stimulation using fluorescent spectroscopy. The maximum release of CTSK siRNA and the CeNPs for 1 mg/mL of NB-(CTSK siRNA + CeNPs) was obtained at 2.5 nM and 1 µg/mL, respectively, 3 days after LIPUS stimulation. Then, Alizarin Red Staining (ARS) was applied to human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was applied to human osteoclast precursors (OCP) to evaluate osteogenic promotion and osteoclastogenic inhibition effects. A higher mineralization and a lower number of osteoclasts were quantified for NB-(CTSK siRNA + CeNPs) versus control +RANKL with ARS (p < 0.001) and TRAP-positive staining (p < 0.01). This study provides a method for the delivery of gene silencing siRNA and CeNPs using a US-sensitive NB system that could potentially be used in vivo and in the treatment of bone fractures and disorders such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Sotoudeh Bagha
- BiionixTM (Bionic Materials, Implants & Interfaces) Cluster, Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (P.S.B.); (F.W.); (M.C.)
| | - Elayaraja Kolanthai
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; (E.K.); (C.J.N.); (U.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Fei Wei
- BiionixTM (Bionic Materials, Implants & Interfaces) Cluster, Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (P.S.B.); (F.W.); (M.C.)
| | - Craig J. Neal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; (E.K.); (C.J.N.); (U.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Udit Kumar
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; (E.K.); (C.J.N.); (U.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Gillian Braun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA;
| | - Melanie Coathup
- BiionixTM (Bionic Materials, Implants & Interfaces) Cluster, Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (P.S.B.); (F.W.); (M.C.)
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; (E.K.); (C.J.N.); (U.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Mehdi Razavi
- BiionixTM (Bionic Materials, Implants & Interfaces) Cluster, Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (P.S.B.); (F.W.); (M.C.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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5
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Park KM, Lee N, Kim J, Kim HS, Park W. Preventive effect of teriparatide on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15518. [PMID: 37726385 PMCID: PMC10509150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the preventive effect of teriparatide (TPD) administration on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) before tooth extraction due to periodontal lesions in bilaterally ovariectomized female rats treated with zoledronic acid. Thirty skeletally mature Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control (CONT, n = 10), zoledronic acid (ZA, n = 10), and zoledronic acid and teriparatide (ZA-TPD, n = 10). The rats were sacrificed 8 weeks after tooth extraction. Micro-computed tomography analysis of the tibia showed that bone mineral density was highest in the CONT, followed by that in the ZA and ZA-TPD groups (CONT/ZA, p = 0.009; CONT/ZA-TPD, p < 0.001; ZA/ZA-TPD, p < 0.001). In the trabecular bone analysis of the extraction site, significant differences in specific bone surface (CONT/ZA, p = 0.010; CONT/ZA-TPD, p = 0.007; ZA/ZA-TPD, p = 0.002) and trabecular thickness (CONT/ZA-TPD, p = 0.002; ZA/ZA-TPD, p = 0.002) were observed. Histological analyses of the extraction sites revealed characteristic MRONJ lesions in the ZA group. Osteonecrosis, inflammatory cells, and sequestrum were less frequently observed in the ZA-TPD group than in the ZA group. In conclusion, TPD administration before tooth extraction helped reduce the occurrence of MRONJ in rats treated with zoledronic acid, confirming its preventative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Mee Park
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Human Identification Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Namkwon Lee
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyeon Kim
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonse Park
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Human Identification Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Kane JF, Johnson RW. Re-Evaluating the Role of PTHrP in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2670. [PMID: 37345007 PMCID: PMC10216606 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid-hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a protein with a long history of association with bone metastatic cancers. The paracrine signaling of PTHrP through the parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR1) facilitates tumor-induced bone destruction, and PTHrP is known as the primary driver of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. In addition to paracrine signaling, PTHrP is capable of intracrine signaling independent of PTHR1 binding, which is essential for cytokine-like functions in normal physiological conditions in a variety of tissue types. Pre-clinical and clinical studies evaluating the role of PTHrP in breast cancer have yielded contradictory conclusions, in some cases indicating the protein is tumor suppressive, and in other studies, pro-growth. This review discusses the possible molecular basis for the disharmonious prognostic indications of these studies and highlights the implications of the paracrine, intracrine, and nuclear functions of the protein. This review also examines the current understanding of the functional domains of PTHrP and re-evaluates their role in the unique context of the breast cancer environment. This review will expand on the current understanding of PTHrP by attempting to reconcile the functional domains of the protein with its intracrine signaling in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F. Kane
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachelle W. Johnson
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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7
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Takematsu E, Murphy M, Hou S, Steininger H, Alam A, Ambrosi TH, Chan CKF. Optimizing Delivery of Therapeutic Growth Factors for Bone and Cartilage Regeneration. Gels 2023; 9:gels9050377. [PMID: 37232969 DOI: 10.3390/gels9050377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone- and cartilage-related diseases, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, affect millions of people worldwide, impairing their quality of life and increasing mortality. Osteoporosis significantly increases the bone fracture risk of the spine, hip, and wrist. For successful fracture treatment and to facilitate proper healing in the most complicated cases, one of the most promising methods is to deliver a therapeutic protein to accelerate bone regeneration. Similarly, in the setting of osteoarthritis, where degraded cartilage does not regenerate, therapeutic proteins hold great promise to promote new cartilage formation. For both osteoporosis and osteoarthritis treatments, targeted delivery of therapeutic growth factors, with the aid of hydrogels, to bone and cartilage is a key to advance the field of regenerative medicine. In this review article, we propose five important aspects of therapeutic growth factor delivery for bone and cartilage regeneration: (1) protection of protein growth factors from physical and enzymatic degradation, (2) targeted growth factor delivery, (3) controlling GF release kinetics, (4) long-term stability of regenerated tissues, and (5) osteoimmunomodulatory effects of therapeutic growth factors and carriers/scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Takematsu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew Murphy
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PR, UK
| | - Sophia Hou
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Holly Steininger
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alina Alam
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas H Ambrosi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Charles K F Chan
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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8
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Shen L, He Y, Chen S, He L, Zhang Y. PTHrP Modulates the Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia-Derived BMSCs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087616. [PMID: 37108778 PMCID: PMC10146947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a skeletal stem cell disease caused by mutations in the guanine nucleotide-binding protein, alpha-stimulating activity polypeptide (GNAS) gene, which results in the abnormal accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and hyperactivation of downstream signaling pathways. Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is secreted by the osteoblast lineage and is involved in various physiological and pathological activities of bone. However, the association between the abnormal expression of PTHrP and FD, as well as its underlying mechanism, remains unclear. In this study, we discovered that FD patient-derived bone marrow stromal cells (FD BMSCs) expressed significantly higher levels of PTHrP during osteogenic differentiation and exhibited greater proliferation capacity but impaired osteogenic ability compared to normal control patient-derived BMSCs (NC BMSCs). Continuous exogenous PTHrP exposure on the NC BMSCs promoted the FD phenotype in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Through the PTHrP/cAMP/PKA axis, PTHrP could partially influence the proliferation and osteogenesis capacity of FD BMSCs via the overactivation of the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, PTHrP not only directly modulated cAMP/PKA/CREB transduction but was also demonstrated as a transcriptional target of CREB. This study provides novel insight into the possible pathogenesis involved in the FD phenotype and enhances the understanding of its molecular signaling pathways, offering theoretical evidence for the feasibility of potential therapeutic targets for FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihang Shen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Linhai He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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9
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Richard D, Pregizer S, Venkatasubramanian D, Raftery RM, Muthuirulan P, Liu Z, Capellini TD, Craft AM. Lineage-specific differences and regulatory networks governing human chondrocyte development. eLife 2023; 12:e79925. [PMID: 36920035 PMCID: PMC10069868 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To address large gaps in our understanding of the molecular regulation of articular and growth plate cartilage development in humans, we used our directed differentiation approach to generate these distinct cartilage tissues from human embryonic stem cells. The resulting transcriptomic profiles of hESC-derived articular and growth plate chondrocytes were similar to fetal epiphyseal and growth plate chondrocytes, with respect to genes both known and previously unknown to cartilage biology. With the goal to characterize the regulatory landscapes accompanying these respective transcriptomes, we mapped chromatin accessibility in hESC-derived chondrocyte lineages, and mouse embryonic chondrocytes, using ATAC-sequencing. Integration of the expression dataset with the differentially accessible genomic regions revealed lineage-specific gene regulatory networks. We validated functional interactions of two transcription factors (TFs) (RUNX2 in growth plate chondrocytes and RELA in articular chondrocytes) with their predicted genomic targets. The maps we provide thus represent a framework for probing regulatory interactions governing chondrocyte differentiation. This work constitutes a substantial step towards comprehensive and comparative molecular characterizations of distinct chondrogenic lineages and sheds new light on human cartilage development and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Richard
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Steven Pregizer
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Divya Venkatasubramanian
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Rosanne M Raftery
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | | | - Zun Liu
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Terence D Capellini
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - April M Craft
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeUnited States
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10
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Li Y, Qian Y, Qiao H, Pan W, Xie L, Li Y. Abaloparatide outperforms teriparatide in protecting against alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis. J Periodontol 2023; 94:244-255. [PMID: 35892139 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two osteoanabolic drugs, abaloparatide (ABL) and teriparatide (TPTD), on protecting alveolar bone in experimental periodontitis. METHODS Twenty-four 9-week-old, male, Sprague-Dawley rats were placed with silk suture around the right maxillary second molar, and then were randomly divided into three groups, that is, the ABL, TPTD, and saline group, receiving intermittent subcutaneous injections of ABL (80 μg/kg), TPTD (80 μg/kg) or saline respectively every other day for 4 weeks. Samples on both sides were assessed through micro-computerized tomography, histological, and immunohistochemical analysis. Mouse pre-osteoblast MC3T3 cell was cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and treated with ABL or TPTD, before assays of cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS On the ligature side, both ABL and TPTD significantly reduced alveolar bone loss, and ABL had significantly better effects with higher expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and Bglap (formerly called osteocalcin); meanwhile, the ligature induced osteoclastogenesis and down-regulation of osteoprotegerin (OPG) was affected by neither drug. On the non-ligature side, ABL also showed better osteoanabolic effects. In vitro studies revealed that, in the presence of LPS, ABL, and TPTD similarly promoted MC3T3 proliferation, whereas ABL induced higher ALP activity and osteoblastic gene expression compared to TPTD. CONCLUSION Both ABL and TPTD protect and regenerate alveolar bone in experimental periodontitis, and ABL behaves even better than TPTD at the same dose, attributed to its stronger osteoanabolic effects in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuran Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiyi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Zhang Y, Xu Y, Kong H, Zhang J, Chan HF, Wang J, Shao D, Tao Y, Li M. Microneedle system for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20210170. [PMID: 37323624 PMCID: PMC10190997 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Global increasing demand for high life quality and length facilitates the development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, which apply multidisciplinary theories and techniques to achieve the structural reconstruction and functional recovery of disordered or damaged tissues and organs. However, the clinical performances of adopted drugs, materials, and powerful cells in the laboratory are inescapably limited by the currently available technologies. To tackle the problems, versatile microneedles are developed as the new platform for local delivery of diverse cargos with minimal invasion. The efficient delivery, as well as painless and convenient procedure endow microneedles with good patient compliance in clinic. In this review, we first categorize different microneedle systems and delivery models, and then summarize their applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine mainly involving maintenance and rehabilitation of damaged tissues and organs. In the end, we discuss the advantages, challenges, and prospects of microneedles in depth for future clinical translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational MedicineCenter for NanomedicineThe Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yanteng Xu
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational MedicineCenter for NanomedicineThe Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huimin Kong
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational MedicineCenter for NanomedicineThe Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational MedicineCenter for NanomedicineThe Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hon Fai Chan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biomedical ScienceThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Jiasi Wang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Dan Shao
- Institutes of Life SciencesSchool of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Yu Tao
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational MedicineCenter for NanomedicineThe Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational MedicineCenter for NanomedicineThe Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease ResearchGuangzhouChina
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12
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Pitacco P, Sadowska JM, O'Brien FJ, Kelly DJ. 3D bioprinting of cartilaginous templates for large bone defect healing. Acta Biomater 2023; 156:61-74. [PMID: 35907556 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Damaged or diseased bone can be treated using autografts or a range of different bone grafting biomaterials, however limitations with such approaches has motivated increased interest in developmentally inspired bone tissue engineering (BTE) strategies that seek to recapitulate the process of endochondral ossification (EO) as a means of regenerating critically sized defects. The clinical translation of such strategies will require the engineering of scaled-up, geometrically defined hypertrophic cartilage grafts that can be rapidly vascularised and remodelled into bone in mechanically challenging defect environments. The goal of this study was to 3D bioprint mechanically reinforced cartilaginous templates and to assess their capacity to regenerate critically sized femoral bone defects. Human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) were incorporated into fibrin based bioinks and bioprinted into polycaprolactone (PCL) frameworks to produce mechanically reinforced constructs. Chondrogenic priming of such hMSC laden constructs was required to support robust vascularisation and graft mineralisation in vivo following their subcutaneous implantation into nude mice. With a view towards maximising their potential to support endochondral bone regeneration, we next explored different in vitro culture regimes to produce chondrogenic and early hypertrophic engineered grafts. Following their implantation into femoral bone defects within transiently immunosuppressed rats, such bioprinted constructs were rapidly remodelled into bone in vivo, with early hypertrophic constructs supporting higher levels of vascularisation and bone formation compared to the chondrogenic constructs. Such early hypertrophic bioprinted constructs also supported higher levels of vascularisation and spatially distinct patterns of new formation compared to BMP-2 loaded collagen scaffolds (here used as a positive control). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that fibrin based bioinks support chondrogenesis of hMSCs in vitro, which enables the bioprinting of mechanically reinforced hypertrophic cartilaginous templates capable of supporting large bone defect regeneration. These results support the use of 3D bioprinting as a strategy to scale-up the engineering of developmentally inspired templates for BTE. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Despite the promise of developmentally inspired tissue engineering strategies for bone regeneration, there are still challenges that need to be addressed to enable clinical translation. This work reports the development and assessment (in vitro and in vivo) of a 3D bioprinting strategy to engineer mechanically-reinforced cartilaginous templates for large bone defect regeneration using human MSCs. Using distinct in vitro priming protocols, it was possible to generate cartilage grafts with altered phenotypes. More hypertrophic grafts, engineered in vitro using TGF-β3 and BMP-2, supported higher levels of blood vessel infiltration and accelerated bone regeneration in vivo. This study also identifies some of the advantages and disadvantages of such endochondral bone TE strategies over the direct delivery of BMP-2 from collagen-based scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluca Pitacco
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Joanna M Sadowska
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland.
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland.
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland.
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13
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Bone Metastasis in Bladder Cancer. J Pers Med 2022; 13:jpm13010054. [PMID: 36675715 PMCID: PMC9864951 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is the 10th most common and 13th most deadly malignancy worldwide. About 5% of BCa patients present initially with metastatic disease, with bone being the most diagnosed site for distant metastasis. The overall one-year survival of patients with BCa is 84%, whereas it is only 21% in patients with bone metastasis (BM). Metastasis of BCa cells to bone occurs by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, intravasation, extravasation, and interactions with the bone microenvironment. However, the mechanism of BCa metastasis to the bone is not completely understood; it needs a further preclinical model to completely explain the process. As different imaging mechanisms, PET-CT cannot replace a radionuclide bone scan or an MRI for diagnosing BM. The management of BCa patients with BM includes chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, antibody-drug conjugates, bisphosphonates, denosumab, radioisotopes, and surgery. The objective of these treatments is to inhibit disease progression, improve overall survival, reduce skeletal-related events, relieve pain, and improve the quality of life of patients.
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14
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Takenouchi H, Anno T, Harada A, Isobe H, Kimura Y, Kawasaki F, Kaku K, Tomoda K, Fujiwara H, Kaneto H. Ectopic PTH-producing parathyroid cyst inside the thymus: a case report. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:327. [PMID: 36544116 PMCID: PMC9769032 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hallmark of hyperparathyroidism is hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) which results in hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. While hypercalcemia due to malignancy is often brought about by PTH-related protein in adults, PTH-producing tumors are quite rare in clinical practice. Additionally, from the point of embryology, it is very difficult to examine ectopic PTH-producing tissue such as ectopic parathyroid glands. Furthermore, clear histopathological criteria are not present. CASE PRESENTATION A 57-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for hypercalcemia. Her parathyroid hormone (PTH) level was elevated, but there were no enlarged parathyroid glands. Although 99mTc-MIBI confirmed a localized and slightly hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue in the anterior mediastinum, it was not typical as hyperfunctioning parathyroid. We finally diagnosed her as ectopic PTH-producing cyst-like tumor with venous sampling of PTH. She underwent anterosuperior mediastinal ectopic PTH-producing cyst-like tumor resection. It is noted that intact-PTH concentration of the fluid in the cyst was very high (19,960,000 pg/mL). Based on histopathological findings, we finally diagnosed her as ectopic PTH-producing parathyroid cyst inside the thymus. After resection of anterosuperior mediastinal thymus including ectopic PTH-producing parathyroid cyst, calcium and intact-PTH levels were decreased, and this patient was discharged without any sequelae. CONCLUSIONS We should know the possibility of superior mediastinal ectopic PTH-producing parathyroid cyst inside the thymus among subjects with ectopic PTH-producing parathyroid glands. Particularly when the cyst is present in the superior mediastinum, it is necessary to do careful diagnosis based on not only positive but also negative findings in 99mTc-MIBI. It is noted that the patient's bloody fluid in the cyst contained 19,960,000 pg/mL of intact-PTH, and its overflow into blood stream resulted in hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia. Moreover, in such cases, the diagnosis is usually confirmed after through histological examination of ectopic PTH-producing parathyroid glands. We think that it is very meaningful to let clinicians know this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Takenouchi
- Department of General Internal Medicine 1, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8505, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Anno
- Department of General Internal Medicine 1, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8505, Japan.
| | - Ayaka Harada
- Department of General Internal Medicine 1, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8505, Japan
| | - Hayato Isobe
- Department of General Internal Medicine 1, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8505, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kimura
- Department of General Internal Medicine 1, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8505, Japan
| | - Fumiko Kawasaki
- Department of General Internal Medicine 1, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8505, Japan
| | - Kohei Kaku
- Department of General Internal Medicine 1, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8505, Japan
| | - Koichi Tomoda
- Department of General Internal Medicine 1, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8505, Japan
| | - Hideyo Fujiwara
- Department of Pathology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, 700-8505, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
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Guo S, Zhao G, Chen XM, Xue Y, OuYang XL, Liu JY, Huang YP, Liu YJ, Yao Q, Han L, Zhang CH, Li B, Wang Q, Zhao B. Effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on bone metabolism in patients with immobilisation after foot and ankle fracture surgery: a randomised controlled trial study protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056691. [PMID: 36691208 PMCID: PMC9462119 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fracture is a disease with a high incidence worldwide. Foot and ankle fractures are common among fractures of the lower extremities. Foot and ankle fractures usually require surgical fixation and a period of fixed treatment, which can lead to decreased bone density. Although transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) is widely used for movement system diseases, there is minimal evidence to show the effectiveness of TEAS on patients after surgical fixation of ankle and foot fractures. This trial aims to evaluate whether TEAS can reduce bone loss in patients with immobilisation after ankle and foot fractures. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A randomised controlled trial will be conducted in which 60 patients will be randomly divided into two groups: (a) the control group will be treated according to the routine procedures of basic orthopaedics treatment; (b) in the treatment group, bilateral SP36, BL23 and ST36 will be performed on the basis of the control group, and the test will be performed for 30 min every other day for a total of 8 weeks. Bone turnover markers will be used as primary outcome. Secondary outcomes are composed of blood phosphorus, blood calcium and bone mineral density. Treatment safety will be monitored and recorded. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This trial is approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (2020BZYLL0611) and the Ethics Committee of Beijing Luhe Hospital (2020-LHKY-055-02), and inpatients who meet the following diagnostic and inclusion criteria are eligible to participate in this study. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR 2000039944.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Guo
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhen Zhao
- Capital Medical University, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Ming Chen
- Capital Medical University, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xue
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xia-Li OuYang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Yi Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Ping Huang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jie Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Yao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Hui Zhang
- Capital Medical University, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Li
- Capital Medical University, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Capital Medical University, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Baixiao Zhao
- Affiliated Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Hallett SA, Zhou A, Herzog C, Arbiv A, Ono W, Ono N. Cranial Base Synchondrosis Lacks PTHrP-Expressing Column-Forming Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147873. [PMID: 35887221 PMCID: PMC9315528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cranial base contains a special type of growth plate termed the synchondrosis, which functions as the growth center of the skull. The synchondrosis is composed of bidirectional opposite-facing layers of resting, proliferating, and hypertrophic chondrocytes, and lacks the secondary ossification center. In long bones, the resting zone of the epiphyseal growth plate houses a population of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)-expressing chondrocytes that contribute to the formation of columnar chondrocytes. Whether PTHrP+ chondrocytes in the synchondrosis possess similar functions remains undefined. Using Pthrp-mCherry knock-in mice, we found that PTHrP+ chondrocytes predominantly occupied the lateral wedge-shaped area of the synchondrosis, unlike those in the femoral growth plate that reside in the resting zone within the epiphysis. In vivo cell-lineage analyses using a tamoxifen-inducible Pthrp-creER line revealed that PTHrP+ chondrocytes failed to establish columnar chondrocytes in the synchondrosis. Therefore, PTHrP+ chondrocytes in the synchondrosis do not possess column-forming capabilities, unlike those in the resting zone of the long bone growth plate. These findings support the importance of the secondary ossification center within the long bone epiphysis in establishing the stem cell niche for PTHrP+ chondrocytes, the absence of which may explain the lack of column-forming capabilities of PTHrP+ chondrocytes in the cranial base synchondrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn A. Hallett
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.A.H.); (A.Z.); (A.A.)
| | - Annabelle Zhou
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.A.H.); (A.Z.); (A.A.)
| | - Curtis Herzog
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Ariel Arbiv
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.A.H.); (A.Z.); (A.A.)
| | - Wanida Ono
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
| | - Noriaki Ono
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-486-0539
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Novoa Díaz MB, Carriere P, Gigola G, Zwenger AO, Calvo N, Gentili C. Involvement of Met receptor pathway in aggressive behavior of colorectal cancer cells induced by parathyroid hormone-related peptide. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3177-3200. [PMID: 36051345 PMCID: PMC9331538 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i26.3177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) plays a key role in the development and progression of many tumors. We found that in colorectal cancer (CRC) HCT116 cells, the binding of PTHrP to its receptor PTHR type 1 (PTHR1) activates events associated with an aggressive phenotype. In HCT116 cell xenografts, PTHrP modulates the expression of molecular markers linked to tumor progression. Empirical evidence suggests that the Met receptor is involved in the development and evolution of CRC. Based on these data, we hypothesized that the signaling pathway trigged by PTHrP could be involved in the transactivation of Met and consequently in the aggressive behavior of CRC cells.
AIM To elucidate the relationship among PTHR1, PTHrP, and Met in CRC models.
METHODS For in vitro assays, HCT116 and Caco-2 cells derived from human CRC were incubated in the absence or presence of PTHrP (1-34) (10-8 M). Where indicated, cells were pre-incubated with specific kinase inhibitors or dimethylsulfoxide, the vehicle of the inhibitors. The protein levels were evaluated by Western blot technique. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was carried out to determine the changes in gene expression. Wound healing assay and morphological monitoring were performed to evaluate cell migration and changes related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), respectively. The number of viable HCT116 cells was counted by trypan blue dye exclusion test to evaluate the effects of irinotecan (CPT-11), oxaliplatin (OXA), or doxorubicin (DOXO) with or without PTHrP. For in vivo tests, HCT116 cell xenografts on 6-wk-old male N:NIH (S)_nu mice received daily intratumoral injections of PTHrP (40 μg/kg) in 100 μL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or the vehicle (PBS) as a control during 20 d. Humanitarian slaughter was carried out and the tumors were removed, weighed, and fixed in a 4% formaldehyde solution for subsequent treatment by immunoassays. To evaluate the expression of molecular markers in human tumor samples, we studied 23 specimens obtained from CRC patients which were treated at the Hospital Interzonal de Graves y Agudos Dr. José Penna (Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina) and the Hospital Provincial de Neuquén (Neuquén, Neuquén, Argentina) from January 1990 to December 2007. Seven cases with normal colorectal tissues were assigned to the control group. Tumor tissue samples and clinical histories of patients were analyzed. Paraffin-embedded blocks from primary tumors were reviewed by hematoxylin-eosin staining technique; subsequently, representative histological samples were selected from each patient. From each paraffin block, tumor sections were stained for immunohistochemical detection. The statistical significance of differences was analyzed using proper statistical analysis. The results were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05.
RESULTS By Western blot analysis and using total Met antibody, we found that PTHrP regulated Met expression in HCT116 cells but not in Caco-2 cells. In HCT116 cells, Met protein levels increased at 30 min (P < 0.01) and at 20 h (P < 0.01) whereas the levels diminished at 3 min (P < 0.05), 10 min (P < 0.01), and 1 h to 5 h (P < 0.01) of PTHrP treatment. Using an active Met antibody, we found that where the protein levels of total Met decreased (3 min, 10 min, and 60 min of PTHrP exposure), the status of phosphorylated/activated Met increased (P < 0.01) at the same time, suggesting that Met undergoes proteasomal degradation after its phosphorylation/activation by PTHrP. The increment of its protein level after these decreases (at 30 min and 20 h) suggests a modulation of Met expression by PTHrP in order to improve Met levels and this idea is supported by our observation that the cytokine increased Met mRNA levels at least at 15 min in HCT116 cells as revealed by RT-qPCR analysis (P < 0.05). We then proceeded to evaluate the signaling pathways that mediate the phosphorylation/ activation of Met induced by PTHrP in HCT116 cells. By Western blot technique, we observed that PP1, a specific inhibitor of the activation of the proto-oncogene protein tyrosine kinase Src, blocked the effect of PTHrP on Met phosphorylation (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the selective inhibition of the ERK 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK 1/2 MAPK) using PD98059 and the p38 MAPK using SB203580 diminished the effect of PTHrP on Met phosphorylation/activation (P < 0.05). Using SU11274, the specific inhibitor of Met activation, and trypan blue dye exclusion test, Western blot, wound healing assay, and morphological analysis with a microscope, we observed the reversal of cell events induced by PTHrP such as cell proliferation (P < 0.05), migration (P < 0.05), and the EMT program (P < 0.01) in HCT116 cells. Also, PTHrP favored the chemoresistance to CPT-11 (P < 0.001), OXA (P < 0.01), and DOXO (P < 0.01) through the Met pathway. Taken together, these findings suggest that Met activated by PTHrP participates in events associated with the aggressive phenotype of CRC cells. By immunohistochemical analysis, we found that PTHrP in HCT116 cell xenografts enhanced the protein expression of Met (0.190 ± 0.014) compared to tumors from control mice (0.110 ± 0.012; P < 0.05) and of its own receptor (2.27 ± 0.20) compared to tumors from control mice (1.98 ± 0.14; P < 0.01). Finally, assuming that the changes in the expression of PTHrP and its receptor are directly correlated, we investigated the expression of both Met and PTHR1 in biopsies of CRC patients by immunohistochemical analysis. Comparing histologically differentiated tumors with respect to those less differentiated, we found that the labeling intensity for Met and PTHR1 increased and diminished in a gradual manner, respectively (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION PTHrP acts through the Met pathway in CRC cells and regulates Met expression in a CRC animal model. More basic and clinical studies are needed to further evaluate the PTHrP/Met relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Novoa Díaz
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)- INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Carriere
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)- INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Gigola
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)- INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Natalia Calvo
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)- INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Gentili
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)- INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide (PTHrP): Evaluation of Pediatric, Covariate-Stratified Reference Intervals. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9060896. [PMID: 35740833 PMCID: PMC9221726 DOI: 10.3390/children9060896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) is expressed at a wide range of sites in the body and performs different functions including vasodilation, relaxation of smooth muscle cells, and regulation of bone development. PTHrP also mediates hypercalcemia related to neoplastic diseases. However, reference ranges specific method and age were not evaluated. We establish PTHrP reference ranges in apparently healthy, normocalcemic, normophosphatemic pediatric individuals. In this observational prospective, study we measured PTHrP in serum from 178 samples (55.06% male 44.94% female) from apparently healthy pediatric subjects [median age 10 years (range 1–18)] subunit ELISA method The statistical analysis performed provided for the calculation of the 95% reference interval, right-sided, with a non-parametric percentile method (CLSI C28-A3). Upper reference limits (URL) for PTHrP was 2.89 ng/mL (2.60 to 3.18; 90% CI). No significant differences were found between the median PTHrP concentrations in males vs females and in the age range categories selected. Comprehensive normal values for PTHrP are indispensable to the assessment of calcium phosphorus dysfunction in children. Severe hypercalcemia is a rare, but clinically significant condition, in infancy and childhood. PTHrP values higher than the reference value may help to distinguish the hypercalcemic product of a malignancy, paraneoplastic syndromes mediated by PTHrP, from other causes.
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A novel LncRNA PTH-AS upregulates interferon-related DNA damage resistance signature genes and promotes metastasis in human breast cancer xenografts. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102065. [PMID: 35618021 PMCID: PMC9198338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important tissue-specific regulators of gene expression, and their dysregulation can induce aberrant gene expression leading to various pathological conditions, including cancer. Although many lncRNAs have been discovered by computational analysis, most of these are as yet unannotated. Herein, we describe the nature and function of a novel lncRNA detected downstream of the human parathyroid hormone (PTH) gene in both extremely rare ectopic PTH-producing retroperitoneal malignant fibrous histiocytoma and parathyroid tumors with PTH overproduction. This novel lncRNA, which we have named "PTH-AS," has never been registered in a public database, and here, we investigated for the first time its exact locus, length, transcription direction, polyadenylation, and nuclear localization. Microarray and Gene Ontology analyses demonstrated that forced expression of PTH-AS in PTH-nonexpressing human breast cancer T47D cells did not induce the ectopic expression of the nearby PTH gene but did significantly upregulate Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway-related genes such as cancer-promoting interferon-related DNA damage resistance signature (IRDS) genes. Importantly, we show that PTH-AS expression not only enhanced T47D cell invasion and resistance to the DNA-damaging drug doxorubicin but also promoted lung metastasis rather than tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. In addition, PTH-AS-expressing T47D tumors showed increased macrophage infiltration that promoted angiogenesis, similar to IRDS-associated cancer characteristics. Although the detailed molecular mechanism remains imperfectly understood, we conclude that PTH-AS may contribute to tumor development, possibly through IRDS gene upregulation.
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20
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Lee B, De Beritto T. Metabolic Bone Disease of Prematurity. Neoreviews 2022; 23:e311-e318. [PMID: 35490181 DOI: 10.1542/neo.23-5-e311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lee
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Theodore De Beritto
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
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21
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Kazama K, Nishio T, Nagane M, Arai S, Onda K. Relationship of parathyroid hormone-related protein and neonatal mineral metabolism in dairy cow placentas. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13723. [PMID: 35470917 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) plays essential roles in placental calcium (Ca) transport, and it has been speculated that PTHrP in the placenta is regulated by calcium-sensing receptors (CaSR). This study clarified the relationship between PTHrP in the placenta of dairy cows and minerals in the fetal blood. Blood samples were obtained from 21 Holstein cows and 17 neonatal calves as well as 12 umbilical veins and arteries during cesarean section. After fetus removal, 13 caruncles and cotyledons were obtained. Concentrations of plasma PTHrP and serum minerals were measured. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyzed the gene expression of PTHrP and CaSR in the placenta. As a result, serum Ca and inorganic phosphorus concentrations in the neonate, umbilical vein, and artery were significantly higher than in the mother. Additionally, plasma PTHrP was detected in the bovine neonatal jugular vein, umbilical artery, and vein. PTHrP gene expression was significantly higher in the caruncles than in cotyledons; however, CaSR gene expression was higher in the cotyledons than in caruncles. These findings suggest that the PTHrP obtained from the placenta influences Ca homeostasis in the bovine fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kazama
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Takuma Nishio
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masaki Nagane
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Sachiko Arai
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Ken Onda
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
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22
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Hao Z, Li H, Wang Y, Hu Y, Chen T, Zhang S, Guo X, Cai L, Li J. Supramolecular Peptide Nanofiber Hydrogels for Bone Tissue Engineering: From Multihierarchical Fabrications to Comprehensive Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103820. [PMID: 35128831 PMCID: PMC9008438 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is becoming an ideal strategy to replace autologous bone grafts for surgical bone repair, but the multihierarchical complexity of natural bone is still difficult to emulate due to the lack of suitable biomaterials. Supramolecular peptide nanofiber hydrogels (SPNHs) are emerging biomaterials because of their inherent biocompatibility, satisfied biodegradability, high purity, facile functionalization, and tunable mechanical properties. This review initially focuses on the multihierarchical fabrications by SPNHs to emulate natural bony extracellular matrix. Structurally, supramolecular peptides based on distinctive building blocks can assemble into nanofiber hydrogels, which can be used as nanomorphology-mimetic scaffolds for tissue engineering. Biochemically, bioactive motifs and bioactive factors can be covalently tethered or physically absorbed to SPNHs to endow various functions depending on physiological and pharmacological requirements. Mechanically, four strategies are summarized to optimize the biophysical microenvironment of SPNHs for bone regeneration. Furthermore, comprehensive applications about SPNHs for bone tissue engineering are reviewed. The biomaterials can be directly used in the form of injectable hydrogels or composite nanoscaffolds, or they can be used to construct engineered bone grafts by bioprinting or bioreactors. Finally, continuing challenges and outlook are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowen Hao
- Department of OrthopedicsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDonghu Road 169Wuhan430071China
| | - Hanke Li
- Department of OrthopedicsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDonghu Road 169Wuhan430071China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of OrthopedicsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDonghu Road 169Wuhan430071China
| | - Yingkun Hu
- Department of OrthopedicsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDonghu Road 169Wuhan430071China
| | - Tianhong Chen
- Department of OrthopedicsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDonghu Road 169Wuhan430071China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Department of OrthopedicsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDonghu Road 169Wuhan430071China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- Department of OrthopedicsUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyJiefang Road 1277Wuhan430022China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of OrthopedicsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDonghu Road 169Wuhan430071China
| | - Jingfeng Li
- Department of OrthopedicsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDonghu Road 169Wuhan430071China
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23
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Srinivasan S, Kryza T, Batra J, Clements J. Remodelling of the tumour microenvironment by the kallikrein-related peptidases. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:223-238. [PMID: 35102281 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00436-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are critical regulators of the tumour microenvironment. KLKs are proteolytic enzymes regulating multiple functions of bioactive molecules including hormones and growth factors, membrane receptors and the extracellular matrix architecture involved in cancer progression and metastasis. Perturbations of the proteolytic cascade generated by these peptidases, and their downstream signalling actions, underlie tumour emergence or blockade of tumour growth. Recent studies have also revealed their role in tumour immune suppression and resistance to cancer therapy. Here, we present an overview of the complex biology of the KLK family and its context-dependent nature in cancer, and discuss the different therapeutic strategies available to potentially target these proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srilakshmi Srinivasan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Kryza
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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24
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Qin B, Qincao L, He S, Liao Y, Shi J, Xie F, Diao N, Bai L. Parathyroid hormone-related protein prevents high-fat-diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice. Endocr J 2022; 69:55-65. [PMID: 34408100 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, closely related to systematic metabolic disorders, has become a major public health problem in recent decades. Here, we aimed to study the function of Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) on high fat diet (HFD) induced murine obesity. Male C57BL/6J mice were transduced with adeno-associated virus vector encoding PTHrP (AAV-PTHrP) or adeno-associated virus control vector (AAV-Vehicle), following with HFD for 8 weeks. In addition, mice without transduction were fed on normal diet or HFD, respectively. Histological, metabolic and biochemical changes were detected. At the endpoint of experiment, body weight of mice treated with AAV-PTHrP did not increase as much as mice with AAV-Vehicle, but similar as mice with normal diet. Food efficiency ratio and weight of interscapular brown adipose tissue and epididymal white adipose tissue in mice overexpressed PTHrP were also lower than mice transducted with AAV-Vehicle. Besides, administration of AAV-PTHrP inhibited HFD-induced adipocyte hypertrophy. Protein level of PKA signaling pathway and thermogenic gene in adipose tissue exhibited a significant raise in HFD + AAV-PTHrP group, whereas transcription of inflammatory gene were decreased. Additionally, PTHrP overexpression ameliorated HFD-induced dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis and insulin sensitivity. In HFD-induced murine obesity model, PTHrP is crucial to maintain metabolic homeostasis. PTHrP drives white adipose tissue browning and inhibits whitening of brown adipose tissue. Most importantly, PTHrP prevented HFD-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyan Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Litao Qincao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Shuying He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yan Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Na Diao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
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25
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Edwards CM, Clements ME, Vecchi LA, Johnson JA, Johnson RW. HDAC inhibitors stimulate LIFR when it is repressed by hypoxia or PTHrP in breast cancer. J Bone Oncol 2021; 31:100407. [PMID: 34934614 PMCID: PMC8661052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2021.100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cells frequently disseminate to the bone marrow, where they either induce osteolysis or enter a dormant state. Downregulation of leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR), a known breast tumor suppressor, enables otherwise dormant MCF7 human breast cancer cells to become aggressively osteolytic. Hypoxia (low oxygen tensions), which may develop in tumors as a pathological response to the metabolic demands of the proliferating cells and as a physiological state in the bone, downregulates LIFR in breast cancer cells independent of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling. However, the mechanism by which LIFR is repressed in hypoxia is unknown. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors stimulate LIFR by increasing histone acetylation in the proximal promoter and induce a dormancy phenotype in breast cancer cells inoculated into the mammary fat pad. We therefore aimed to determine whether hypoxia alters histone acetylation in the LIFR promoter, and whether HDAC inhibitors effectively stimulate LIFR in breast cancer cells residing in hypoxic microenvironments. Herein, we confirmed that disseminated MCF7 cells became hypoxic in the bone and that hypoxia increased the epigenetic transcriptional repressor H3K9me3 in the distal LIFR promoter while H3K9ac, which promotes transcription, was significantly reduced. Furthermore, HDAC inhibitor treatment rescued hypoxic repression and dramatically increased expression of LIFR, p38β, and p21, which regulate tumor dormancy. In a second model of LIFR repression, in which parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) suppresses LIFR expression, we found that PTHrP binds to the distal LIFR promoter, and that PTHrP suppression of LIFR protein is similarly reversed by HDAC inhibitor treatment. Together, these data suggest that HDAC inhibitors stimulate LIFR regardless of the way it is repressed by the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M. Edwards
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Miranda E. Clements
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lawrence A. Vecchi
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jasmine A. Johnson
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachelle W. Johnson
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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26
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John Martin T. Aspects of intercellular communication in bone and implications in therapy. Bone 2021; 153:116148. [PMID: 34389478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Communication processes among the cells of bone are essential for the structure and function of the organ. After it was proposed that communication from the osteoblast lineage to hemopoietic cells initiated osteoclastogenesis, the molecular controls were identified to be the tumour necrosis factor ligand and receptor families. This was followed by revelation of very many signalling processes among the cells of bone that regulate the three phases of bone remodelling, the resorption, reversal and formation phases. In many instances the ways in which these mechanisms operate can determine how drugs act on bone, whether they be inhibitors of resorption or promoters of formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T John Martin
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, The University of Melbourne Department of Medicine at St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.
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27
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Lyu P, Li B, Li P, Bi R, Cui C, Zhao Z, Zhou X, Fan Y. Parathyroid Hormone 1 Receptor Signaling in Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Basic and Clinical Implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:654715. [PMID: 34760881 PMCID: PMC8573197 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.654715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) are two peptides that regulate mineral ion homeostasis, skeletal development, and bone turnover by activating parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R). PTH1R signaling is of profound clinical interest for its potential to stimulate bone formation and regeneration. Recent pre-clinical animal studies and clinical trials have investigated the effects of PTH and PTHrP analogs in the orofacial region. Dental mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are targets of PTH1R signaling and have long been known as major factors in tissue repair and regeneration. Previous studies have begun to reveal important roles for PTH1R signaling in modulating the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs in the orofacial region. A better understanding of the molecular networks and underlying mechanisms for modulating MSCs in dental diseases will pave the way for the therapeutic applications of PTH and PTHrP in the future. Here we review recent studies involving dental MSCs, focusing on relationships with PTH1R. We also summarize recent basic and clinical observations of PTH and PTHrP treatment to help understand their use in MSCs-based dental and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruiye Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Cui
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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28
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Nguyen TT, Nguyen TTD, Tran NMA, Vo GV. Advances of microneedles in hormone delivery. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112393. [PMID: 34773762 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is recognized as a potential target for local and systemic drug delivery and hormone. However, the transdermal route of drug administration seems to be limited by substantial barrier properties of the skin. Recently, delivering hormone via the skin by transdermal patches is a big challenge because of the presence of the stratum corneum that prevents the application of hormone via this route. In order to overcome the limitations, microneedle (MN), consisting of micro-sized needles, are a promising approach to drill the stratum corneum and release hormone into the dermis via a minimal-invasive route. This review aimed to highlight advances in research on the development of MNs-based therapeutics for their implications in hormone delivery. The challenges during clinical translation of MNs from bench to bedside are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Trang Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Thuy Dung Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen-Minh-An Tran
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 71420, Viet Nam.
| | - Giau Van Vo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Research Center for Genetics and Reproductive Health (CGRH), School of Medicine, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam.
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29
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Luu AK, Wood GA, Viloria-Petit AM. Recent Advances in the Discovery of Biomarkers for Canine Osteosarcoma. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:734965. [PMID: 34660770 PMCID: PMC8517113 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.734965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine osteosarcoma (OSA) is an aggressive malignancy that frequently metastasizes to the lung and bone. Not only has there been essentially no improvement in therapeutic outcome over the past 3 decades, but there is also a lack of reliable biomarkers in clinical practice. This makes it difficult to discriminate which patients will most benefit from the standard treatment of amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy. The development of reliable diagnostic biomarkers could aid in the clinical diagnosis of primary OSA and metastasis; while prognostic, and predictive biomarkers could allow clinicians to stratify patients to predict response to treatment and outcome. This review summarizes biomarkers that have been explored in canine OSA to date. The focus is on molecular biomarkers identified in tumor samples as well as emerging biomarkers that have been identified in blood-based (liquid) biopsies, including circulating tumor cells, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicles. Lastly, we propose future directions in biomarker research to ensure they can be incorporated into a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita K Luu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Alicia M Viloria-Petit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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30
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Norgard RJ, Pitarresi JR, Maddipati R, Aiello‐Couzo NM, Balli D, Li J, Yamazoe T, Wengyn MD, Millstein ID, Folkert IW, Rosario‐Berrios DN, Kim I, Bassett JB, Payne R, Berry CT, Feng X, Sun K, Cioffi M, Chakraborty P, Jolly MK, Gutkind JS, Lyden D, Freedman BD, Foskett JK, Rustgi AK, Stanger BZ. Calcium signaling induces a partial EMT. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51872. [PMID: 34324787 PMCID: PMC8419705 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial plasticity, or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is a well-recognized form of cellular plasticity, which endows tumor cells with invasive properties and alters their sensitivity to various agents, thus representing a major challenge to cancer therapy. It is increasingly accepted that carcinoma cells exist along a continuum of hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal (E-M) states and that cells exhibiting such partial EMT (P-EMT) states have greater metastatic competence than those characterized by either extreme (E or M). We described recently a P-EMT program operating in vivo by which carcinoma cells lose their epithelial state through post-translational programs. Here, we investigate the underlying mechanisms and report that prolonged calcium signaling induces a P-EMT characterized by the internalization of membrane-associated E-cadherin (ECAD) and other epithelial proteins as well as an increase in cellular migration and invasion. Signaling through Gαq-associated G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) recapitulates these effects, which operate through the downstream activation of calmodulin-Camk2b signaling. These results implicate calcium signaling as a trigger for the acquisition of hybrid/partial epithelial-mesenchymal states in carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Norgard
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Jason R Pitarresi
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Ravikanth Maddipati
- Department of Internal Medicine and Children’s Research InstituteUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Nicole M Aiello‐Couzo
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - David Balli
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Jinyang Li
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Taiji Yamazoe
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Maximilian D Wengyn
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Ian D Millstein
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Ian W Folkert
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of SurgeryHospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | | | - Il‐Kyu Kim
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Jared B Bassett
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Riley Payne
- Department of PhysiologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Corbett T Berry
- Department of PathobiologySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Xiaodong Feng
- Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Kathryn Sun
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Michele Cioffi
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation LaboratoriesDepartments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental BiologyDrukier Institute for Children’s HealthMeyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Priyanka Chakraborty
- Centre for BioSystems Science and EngineeringIndian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and EngineeringIndian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - David Lyden
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation LaboratoriesDepartments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental BiologyDrukier Institute for Children’s HealthMeyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Bruce D Freedman
- Department of PathobiologySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - J Kevin Foskett
- Department of PhysiologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Digestive and Liver DiseasesDepartment of MedicineHerbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer CenterVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
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31
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Huang G, Zhong Y, Li W, Liao W, Wu P. Causal Relationship Between Parathyroid Hormone and the Risk of Osteoarthritis: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Genet 2021; 12:686939. [PMID: 34381493 PMCID: PMC8352559 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.686939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have demonstrated an inverse association between parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the risk of osteoarthritis (OA). However, it remains unknown whether such association reflects causality. We aimed to apply a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causal association between PTH and OA. Materials and Methods We performed a two-sample MR analysis using summary statistics from 13 cohorts (PTH, N = 29,155) and a recent genome-wide association study meta-analysis (OA, N = 455,221) by the UK Biobank and Arthritis Research UK OA Genetics (arcOGEN). MR analyses were carried out mainly using the inverse-variance-weighted method. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the associations using the weighted median method, the MR-Egger method, and "leave-one-out" analysis. Analyses were performed again to test whether the associations remained statistically significant after excluding any outlier variants that were detected using the MR-PRESSO (Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier) test. Results Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables at the genome-wide significance threshold (p < 5 × 10-8). The causal effect between PTH and OA was genetically predicted using the inverse-variance-weighted method (odds ratio = 0.67, 95% confidence interval: 0.50-0.90; p = 0.008). This result was borne out using the weighted median method (odds ratio = 0.73, 95% confidence interval: 0.60-0.90; p = 0.004). The causality remained robust after discarding the outlier variants as well as SNPs associated with confounding factors. Conclusion MR analysis supported a potential causative relationship between decreased serum circulating PTH and a higher risk of hip and knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiwu Huang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Zhong
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenchang Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiming Liao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peihui Wu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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32
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Li SS, He SH, Xie PY, Li W, Zhang XX, Li TF, Li DF. Recent Progresses in the Treatment of Osteoporosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:717065. [PMID: 34366868 PMCID: PMC8339209 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.717065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic bone disease characterized by aberrant microstructure and macrostructure of bone, leading to reduced bone mass and increased risk of fragile fractures. Anti-resorptive drugs, especially, bisphosphonates, are currently the treatment of choice in most developing countries. However, they do have limitations and adverse effects, which, to some extent, helped the development of anabolic drugs such as teriparatide and romosozumab. In patients with high or very high risk for fracture, sequential or combined therapies may be considered with the initial drugs being anabolic agents. Great endeavors have been made to find next generation drugs with maximal efficacy and minimal toxicity, and improved understanding of the role of different signaling pathways and their crosstalk in the pathogenesis of OP may help achieve this goal. Our review focused on recent progress with regards to the drug development by modification of Wnt pathway, while other pathways/molecules were also discussed briefly. In addition, new observations made in recent years in bone biology were summarized and discussed for the treatment of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shi-Hao He
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng-Yu Xie
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tian-Fang Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dai-Feng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Martin TJ, Sims NA, Seeman E. Physiological and Pharmacological Roles of PTH and PTHrP in Bone Using Their Shared Receptor, PTH1R. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:383-406. [PMID: 33564837 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the paracrine factor, PTH-related protein (PTHrP), have preserved in evolution sufficient identities in their amino-terminal domains to share equivalent actions upon a common G protein-coupled receptor, PTH1R, that predominantly uses the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A signaling pathway. Such a relationship between a hormone and local factor poses questions about how their common receptor mediates pharmacological and physiological actions of the two. Mouse genetic studies show that PTHrP is essential for endochondral bone lengthening in the fetus and is essential for bone remodeling. In contrast, the main postnatal function of PTH is hormonal control of calcium homeostasis, with no evidence that PTHrP contributes. Pharmacologically, amino-terminal PTH and PTHrP peptides (teriparatide and abaloparatide) promote bone formation when administered by intermittent (daily) injection. This anabolic effect is remodeling-based with a lesser contribution from modeling. The apparent lesser potency of PTHrP than PTH peptides as skeletal anabolic agents could be explained by lesser bioavailability to PTH1R. By contrast, prolongation of PTH1R stimulation by excessive dosing or infusion, converts the response to a predominantly resorptive one by stimulating osteoclast formation. Physiologically, locally generated PTHrP is better equipped than the circulating hormone to regulate bone remodeling, which occurs asynchronously at widely distributed sites throughout the skeleton where it is needed to replace old or damaged bone. While it remains possible that PTH, circulating within a narrow concentration range, could contribute in some way to remodeling and modeling, its main physiological role is in regulating calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T John Martin
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie A Sims
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ego Seeman
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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34
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Koca CG, Sadry S, Asker H, Çiçek MF, Kösehasanoğulları M, Kaya G. Effects of the different administration frequencies of teriparatide (PTH [1-34]) on new bone formation of expanded midpalatal sutures in rats: A histomorphometric and micro-computed tomography analysis. Orthod Craniofac Res 2021; 24:449-457. [PMID: 34169642 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of 4 μg/kg teriparatide administered at intermittent and continuous frequencies on bone formation in the expanded midpalatal suture region using histomorphometric and micro-computed tomography (micro-Ct) analysis. Settings and sample population: In this study, 24 Sprague Dawley male rats were used. METHODS The experimental animals were divided into 3 groups as follows: Group 1: only maxillary expansion, Group 2: maxillary expansion with continuous teriparatide administration (2 μg in the morning and 2 μg in the evening) and Group 3: maxillary expansion with intermittent teriparatide administration (daily 4 μg/kg). The expansion appliance was fixed to maxillary incisors of all animals within the 5-day expansion period, followed by a 12-day retention phase. Animals were sacrificed at the end of the retention period, and specimens were evaluated by micro-Ct and histomorphometric analysis respectively. RESULTS The results of the histomorphometric analysis showed that Group 3 had the highest number of osteoblasts (1042 ± 90.76) (P < .01). In addition, the results of micro-Ct analysis revealed that Group 3 had the highest bone volume/total volume (16% ± 0), bone mineral density (173.82 ± 2.6 mgHA/cm3 ) and least midpalatal suture width (0.13 ± 0.001 mm) (P < .01). Osteoblasts number and micro-Ct analysis values of Group 2 were higher than those of Group 1 but no significant differences between them (P > .01). CONCLUSION Intermittently administered TP (4 μg/kg once a day) was seen to enhance bone formation and mineralization. In the future, it can be used in drug studies that will increase or stimulate bone formation as well as in the midpalatal suture area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Gül Koca
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Uşak University, Usak, Turkey, 64400, Turkey
| | - Sanaz Sadry
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Aydın University, Istanbul, Turkey, Turkey
| | - Hasan Asker
- Basic Sciences-Histology and Embryology Department, Medical Faculty, Uşak University, Uşak, Turkey, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Fatih Çiçek
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Uşak University, Usak, Turkey, 64400, Turkey
| | - Meryem Kösehasanoğulları
- Department of Physiatrist, Training and Education Hospital, Uşak University, Uşak, Turkiye, Turkey
| | - Gürkan Kaya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey, Turkey
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35
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Li Y, Zhan Q, Bao M, Yi J, Li Y. Biomechanical and biological responses of periodontium in orthodontic tooth movement: up-date in a new decade. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:20. [PMID: 34183652 PMCID: PMC8239047 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, orthodontic treatment has become increasingly popular. However, the biological mechanisms of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) have not been fully elucidated. We were aiming to summarize the evidences regarding the mechanisms of OTM. Firstly, we introduced the research models as a basis for further discussion of mechanisms. Secondly, we proposed a new hypothesis regarding the primary roles of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and osteocytes involved in OTM mechanisms and summarized the biomechanical and biological responses of the periodontium in OTM through four steps, basically in OTM temporal sequences, as follows: (1) Extracellular mechanobiology of periodontium: biological, mechanical, and material changes of acellular components in periodontium under orthodontic forces were introduced. (2) Cell strain: the sensing, transduction, and regulation of mechanical stimuli in PDLCs and osteocytes. (3) Cell activation and differentiation: the activation and differentiation mechanisms of osteoblast and osteoclast, the force-induced sterile inflammation, and the communication networks consisting of sensors and effectors. (4) Tissue remodeling: the remodeling of bone and periodontal ligament (PDL) in the compression side and tension side responding to mechanical stimuli and root resorption. Lastly, we talked about the clinical implications of the updated OTM mechanisms, regarding optimal orthodontic force (OOF), acceleration of OTM, and prevention of root resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minyue Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianru Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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36
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Lu W, Li X, Yang Y, Yi J, Xie L, Zhao Z, Li Y. PTH/PTHrP in controlled release hydrogel enhances orthodontic tooth movement by regulating periodontal bone remodaling. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:885-896. [PMID: 33856055 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effects of local application of parathyroid hormone (PTH) or parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). BACKGROUND Periodontal bone remodeling is the crucial biological process in the OTM that involves both bone resorption and formation, with the former more important as the initiator. PTH or PTHrP both play dual roles in bone remodeling regulation, and the balance may shift to the bone resorption side when they are given continuously, suggesting them as potential candidate medicine for OTM acceleration. METHODS A total of 40 rats underwent orthodontic mesialization of the maxillary first molars and received no micro-perforation (MOP), or MOP followed by injection of temperature-sensitive hydrogel containing PTH, PTHrP, or normal saline. The rats were sacrificed after 2-week OTM, except for the relapse groups, which had one more week of observation after removal of the force appliances. The amount of tooth movement, rate of relapse after OTM, and effects on the bone remodeling were assessed through micro-computed tomography (μCT) analysis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, alizarin red staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis, Western blot (WB), and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The effects of PTHrP on the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) were explored in vitro. RESULTS The cumulative release of PTH or PTHrP from PECE hydrogels was beyond 75% at 14 days in a sustained manner. After the intervention in vivo, the distance of OTM in the PTH (0.78 ± 0.06 mm) or PTHrP (0.81 ± 0.04 mm) group was significantly larger than that of the MOP only (0.51 ± 0.04 mm) or the no MOP (0.46 ± 0.05 mm) group. Moreover, PTH injection significantly reduced the rate of relapse after OTM (25.7 ± 4.3%) compared to the control (69.6 ± 6.1%). μCT analysis showed decreased BV/TV, BS/BV, and Tb.N, while increased Tb.Sp of alveolar bone in the PTH or PTHrP group. There were also more TRAP-positive osteoclasts in the PTH or PTHrP group with a significantly enhanced ratio of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG). The protein expressions of PTH/PTHrP type 1 receptor (PTHR1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and β-catenin were significantly increased in the PTH or PTHrP group, as well as the gene expressions of Pth1r, Bglap, and Alpl. There was no significant difference between the effects of PTH and PTHrP. Nevertheless, inhibition of PTHrP on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs was detected in vitro with decreased expression of OCN, RUNX2, COL-1, and ALP. CONCLUSION Local injection of either PTH or PTHrP carried by controlled release PECE hydrogel similarly enhances OTM in rats through regulating periodontal bone remodeling, which deserves further study for potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianru Yi
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Edwards CM, Johnson RW. From Good to Bad: The Opposing Effects of PTHrP on Tumor Growth, Dormancy, and Metastasis Throughout Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:644303. [PMID: 33828987 PMCID: PMC8019909 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.644303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP) is a multifaceted protein with several biologically active domains that regulate its many roles in normal physiology and human disease. PTHrP causes humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) through its endocrine actions and tumor-induced bone destruction through its paracrine actions. PTHrP has more recently been investigated as a regulator of tumor dormancy owing to its roles in regulating tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and survival through autocrine/paracrine and intracrine signaling. Tumor expression of PTHrP in late stages of cancer progression has been shown to promote distant metastasis formation, especially in bone by promoting tumor-induced osteolysis and exit from dormancy. In contrast, PTHrP may protect against further tumor progression and improve patient survival in early disease stages. This review highlights current knowledge from preclinical and clinical studies examining the role of PTHrP in promoting tumor progression as well as skeletal and soft tissue metastasis, especially with regards to the protein as a regulator of tumor dormancy. The discussion will also provide perspectives on PTHrP as a prognostic factor and therapeutic target to inhibit tumor progression, prevent tumor recurrence, and improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Edwards
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rachelle W Johnson
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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38
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Al-Khan AA, Al Balushi NR, Richardson SJ, Danks JA. Roles of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein (PTHrP) and Its Receptor (PTHR1) in Normal and Tumor Tissues: Focus on Their Roles in Osteosarcoma. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:637614. [PMID: 33796580 PMCID: PMC8008073 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.637614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor and originates from bone forming mesenchymal cells and primarily affects children and adolescents. The 5-year survival rate for OS is 60 to 65%, with little improvement in prognosis during the last four decades. Studies have demonstrated the evolving roles of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and its receptor (PTHR1) in bone formation, bone remodeling, regulation of calcium transport from blood to milk, regulation of maternal calcium transport to the fetus and reabsorption of calcium in kidneys. These two molecules also play critical roles in the development, progression and metastasis of several tumors such as breast cancer, lung carcinoma, chondrosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma and OS. The protein expression of both PTHrP and PTHR1 have been demonstrated in OS, and their functions and proposed signaling pathways have been investigated yet their roles in OS have not been fully elucidated. This review aims to discuss the latest research with PTHrP and PTHR1 in OS tumorigenesis and possible mechanistic pathways. This review is dedicated to Professor Michael Day who died in May 2020 and was a very generous collaborator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awf A Al-Khan
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pathology, Sohar Hospital, Sohar, Oman
| | - Noora R Al Balushi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Samantha J Richardson
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Janine A Danks
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
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39
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Jung J, Shim GJ, Kim M, Yoon Y, Kim JE, Jue SS, Al-Nawas B, Kwon YD. Effect and timing of parathyroid hormone analog administration for preventing medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws in a murine model. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2021; 49:719-725. [PMID: 33722457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2021.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and timing of recombinant human parathyroid hormone analog (PTH) administration for preventing medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) using a murine model. After standardized MRONJ induction using zoledronic acid and dexamethasone injections, 48 female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups according to the timing of PTH administration before or after dental extraction. Rats were euthanized 3 weeks after dental extraction, followed by clinical and histologic analyses. No clinical improvements were observed in the preoperative and postoperative PTH groups, compared to controls (p = 0.638 and 0.496, respectively). However, on histological analysis, the number of empty lacunae reduced significantly, and the number of blood vessels increased in the preoperative PTH group (p = 0.004 and 0.002, respectively). The postoperative PTH group did not show significant differences for empty lacunae and blood vessels compared to controls (p = 0.075 and 0.194, respectively). The reduction in the empty lacunae and the increase in the blood vessels in the preoperative PTH group were significant compared to other groups, suggesting more viable bone tissue in this group. In perspective, preoperative PTH use may represent a better prophylactic regimen for preventing the occurrence of MRONJ after traumatic dental or surgical procedures, especially in patients with a history of long-term bisphosphonate administration or at high risk of developing MRONJ. However, the findings should be proven in further studies on other animals followed by clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Jung
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Jo Shim
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjae Yoon
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Eun Kim
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Suk Jue
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bilal Al-Nawas
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, University Medical Centre Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yong-Dae Kwon
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Yoon JH, Choi SH, Koh JT, Lee BN, Chang HS, Hwang IN, Oh WM, Hwang YC. Hard tissue formation after direct pulp capping with osteostatin and MTA in vivo. Restor Dent Endod 2021; 46:e17. [PMID: 34123753 PMCID: PMC8170379 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2021.46.e17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In recent in vitro study, it was reported that osteostatin (OST) has an odontogenic effect and synergistic effect with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in human dental pulp cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether OST has a synergistic effect with MTA on hard tissue formation in vivo. Materials and Methods Thirty-two maxillary molars of Spraque-Dawley rats were used in this study. An occlusal cavity was prepared and the exposed pulps were randomly divided into 3 groups: group 1 (control; ProRoot MTA), group 2 (OST 100 μM + ProRoot MTA), group 3 (OST 10 mM + ProRoot MTA). Exposed pulps were capped with each material and cavities were restored with resin modified glass ionomer. The animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks. All harvested teeth were scanned with micro-computed tomography (CT). The samples were prepared and hard tissue formation was evaluated histologically. For immunohistochemical analysis, the specimens were sectioned and incubated with primary antibodies against dentin sialoprotein (DSP). Results In the micro-CT analysis, it is revealed that OST with ProRoot MTA groups showed more mineralized bridge than the control (p < 0.05). In the H&E staining, it is showed that more quantity of the mineralized dentin bridge was formed in the OST with ProRoot MTA group compared to the control (p < 0.05). In all groups, DSP was expressed in newly formed reparative dentin area. Conclusions OST can be a supplementary pulp capping material when used with MTA to make synergistic effect in hard tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Yoon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung-Hyeon Choi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Bin-Na Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hoon-Sang Chang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - In-Nam Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Won-Mann Oh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yun-Chan Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Martin TJ. PTH1R Actions on Bone Using the cAMP/Protein Kinase A Pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:833221. [PMID: 35126319 PMCID: PMC8807523 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.833221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
After the initial signaling action of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone was shown to be activation of adenylyl cyclase, its target was found to be cells of the osteoblast lineage, to the exclusion of osteoclasts and their precursors. This led to the view that the osteoblast lineage regulated osteoclast formation, a proposal that was established when the molecular mechanisms of osteoclast formation were discovered. This is in addition to the effect of PTH1Rv signaling throughout the osteoblast differentiation process to favour the formation of bone-forming osteoblasts. Initial signaling in the PTH target cells through cAMP and protein kinase A (PKA) activation is extremely rapid, and marked by an amplification process in which the later event, PKA activation, precedes cAMP accumulation in time and is achieved at lower concentrations. All of this is consistent with the existence of "spare receptors", as is the case with several other peptide hormones. PTH-related protein (PTHrP), that was discovered as a cancer product, shares structural similarity with PTH in the amino-terminal domain that allows the hormone, PTH, and the autocrine/paracrine agent, PTHrP, to share actions upon a common G protein coupled receptor, PTH1R, through which they activate adenylyl cyclase with equivalent potencies. Studies of ligand-receptor kinetics have revealed that the PTH/PTH1R ligand-receptor complex, after initial binding and adenylyl cyclase activation at the plasma membrane, is translocated to the endosome, where adenylyl cyclase activation persists for a further short period. This behavior of the PTH1R resembles that of a number of hormones and other agonists that undergo such endosomal translocation. It remains to be determined whether and to what extent the cellular effects through the PTH1R might be influenced when endosomal is added to plasma membrane activation.
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Pacharne S, Livesey M, Kadmiel M, Wang N, Caron KM, Richards GO, Skerry TM. Accelerated Development With Increased Bone Mass and Skeletal Response to Loading Suggest Receptor Activity Modifying Protein-3 as a Bone Anabolic Target. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:807882. [PMID: 35095771 PMCID: PMC8790142 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.807882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Knockout technologies provide insights into physiological roles of genes. Studies initiated into endocrinology of heteromeric G protein-coupled receptors included deletion of receptor activity modifying protein-3, an accessory protein that alters ligand selectivity of calcitonin and calcitonin-like receptors. Initially, deletion of Ramp3-/- appeared phenotypically silent, but it has emerged that mice have a high bone mass phenotype, and more subtle alterations to angiogenesis, amylin homeostasis, and a small proportion of the effects of adrenomedullin on cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. Here we explore in detail, effects of Ramp3-/- deletion on skeletal growth/development, bone mass and response of bone to mechanical loading mimicking exercise. Mouse pups lacking RAMP3 are healthy and viable, having accelerated development of the skeleton as assessed by degree of mineralisation of specific bones, and by microCT measurements. Specifically, we observed that neonates and young mice have increased bone volume and mineralisation in hindlimbs and vertebrae and increased thickness of bone trabeculae. These changes are associated with increased osteoblast numbers and bone apposition rate in Ramp3-/- mice, and increased cell proliferation in epiphyseal growth plates. Effects persist for some weeks after birth, but differences in gross bone mass between RAMP3 and WT mice lose significance in older animals although architectural differences persist. Responses of bones of 17-week old mice to mechanical loading that mimics effects of vigorous exercise is increased significantly in Ramp3-/- mice by 30% compared with WT control mice. Studies on cultured osteoblasts from Ramp3-/- mice indicate interactions between mRNA expression of RAMPs1 and 3, but not RAMP2 and 3. Our preliminary data shows that Ramp3-/- osteoblasts had increased expression β-catenin, a component of the canonical Wnt signalling pathway known to regulate skeletal homeostasis and mechanosensitivity. Given interactions of RAMPs with both calcitonin and calcitonin-like receptors to alter ligand selectivity, and with other GPCRs to change trafficking or ligand bias, it is not clear whether the bone phenotype of Ramp3-/- mice is due to alterations in signalling mediated by one or more GPCRS. However, as antagonists of RAMP-interacting receptors are growing in availability, there appears the likelihood that manipulation of the RAMP3 signalling system could provide anabolic effects therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suruchi Pacharne
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Livesey
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mahita Kadmiel
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen M. Caron
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Gareth O. Richards
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tim M. Skerry
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Tim M. Skerry,
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Yao Z, Xue T, Xiong H, Cai C, Liu X, Wu F, Liu S, Fan C. Promotion of collagen deposition during skin healing through Smad3/mTOR pathway by parathyroid hormone-loaded microneedle. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 119:111446. [PMID: 33321586 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Skin wounds are associated with huge economic and emotional burdens for millions of people annually and are a challenge for health workers worldwide. At present, for skin defects after traumatic accidents, especially large-area skin defects, newly developed strategies such as the use of emerging biomaterials and cell therapy could be considered as options besides classic skin grafts. However, the new strategies have to deal with problems such as immune rejection and high costs for patients. An insufficient understanding of the mechanisms of skin wound healing further hinders the development of innovative treatment approaches. In this study, we developed a parathyroid hormone (PTH)-loaded phase-transition microneedle (PTMN) patch to deliver PTH subcutaneously in an efficient manner and change microneedle patch daily to achieve intermittent and systematic drug administration. By evaluating wound closure, re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, and extracellular matrix (ECM) expression in a Sprague-Dawley rat model of traumatic skin wounds, we demonstrated that intermittent systemic administration of PTH using our PTMN patches accelerated skin wound healing. Further, we demonstrated that the use of the patch may accelerate skin wound healing depending on the activation of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad3/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) cascade pathway. Our results suggest that the PTH-loaded PTMN patch may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treating skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiao Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Tong Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chuandong Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Fei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
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Liu Y, Wang Q, Wang Q, Cui M, Jin Y, Wang R, Mao Z, Miao D, Karaplis AC, Zhang YP, Shields LBE, Shields CB, Zhang Y. Role of PTHrP nuclear localization and carboxyl terminus sequences in postnatal spinal cord development. Dev Neurobiol 2020; 81:47-62. [PMID: 33275829 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) acts under physiological conditions to regulate normal development of several tissues and organs. The role of PTHrP in spinal cord development has not been characterized. Pthrp knock in (Pthrp KI) mice were genetically modified to produce PTHrP in which there is a deficiency of the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) and C-terminus. Using this genetically modified mouse model, we have characterized its effect on spinal cord development early postnatally. The spinal cords from Pthrp KI mice displayed a significant reduction in its length, weight, and cross-sectional area compared to wild-type controls. Histologically, there was a decreased development of neurons and glial cells that caused decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. The neural stem cells (NSCs) cultures also revealed decreased cell proliferation and differentiation and increased apoptosis. The proposed mechanism of delayed spinal cord development in Pthrp KI mice may be due to alteration in associated pathways in regulation of cell-division cycles and apoptosis. There was significant downregulation of Bmi-1 and upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p27, p21, and p16 in Pthrp KI animals. We conclude that NLS and C-terminus peptide segments of PTHrP play an important role in inhibiting cell apoptosis and stimulation of cellular proliferation necessary for normal spinal cord development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Qiangcheng Wang
- The First Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Min Cui
- Department of Human Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yaoyao Jin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Aging & Diseases of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Mao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Aging & Diseases of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Aging & Diseases of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Andrew C Karaplis
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yi Ping Zhang
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lisa B E Shields
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Yongjie Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Aging & Diseases of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Abstract
The growth plate is the cartilaginous portion of long bones where the longitudinal growth of the bone takes place. Its structure comprises chondrocytes suspended in a collagen matrix that go through several stages of maturation until they finally die, and are replaced by osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and lamellar bone.The process of endochondral ossification is coordinated by chondrocytes and a variety of humoral factors including growth hormone, parathyroid hormone, oestrogen, growth factors, cytokines, and various signalling pathways.Chondrocytes progress from a resting state to enter the phases of proliferation and hypertrophy. Under the influence of oestrogen, the proliferation of chondrocytes decreases as the resting chondrocytes are consumed. During the terminal phase of differentiation, cartilage is replaced by blood vessels and organized bone tissue, and once chondrocytes have died, the longitudinal growth of the bone ceases and the growth plate closes.The highly complex regulatory signals involved in this process are genetically determined, and genetic perturbations in any of the associated genes can result in abnormalities of bone growth. Hundreds of chondrodysplasias have been described, pointing to the complexity of the humoral control systems involved in endochondral ossification.While our knowledge of the mechanisms behind the various bone growth control systems is improving, a deeper understanding of the underlying processes could aid clinicians to better understand bone health and bone growth abnormalities. This review describes the current clinical research into the physiology of the growth plate. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:498-507. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190088.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yücel Ağırdil
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, İzzet Baysal State Hospital, Bolu, Turkey
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46
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Lukač N, Katavić V, Novak S, Šućur A, Filipović M, Kalajzić I, Grčević D, Kovačić N. What do we know about bone morphogenetic proteins and osteochondroprogenitors in inflammatory conditions? Bone 2020; 137:115403. [PMID: 32371019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondroprogenitors are crucial for embryonic bone development and postnatal processes such as bone repair in response to fracture injury, and their dysfunction may contribute to insufficient repair of structural damage in inflammatory arthritides. In the fracture healing, the early inflammatory phase is crucial for normal callus development and new bone formation. This process involves a complex interplay of many molecules and cell types, responsible for recruitment, expansion and differentiation of osteochondroprogenitor populations. In inflammatory arthritides, inflammation induces bone resorption and causes insufficient bone formation, which leads to local and systemic bone loss. While bone loss is a predominant feature in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation also induces pathologic bone formation at enthesial sites in seronegative spondyloarthropathies. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, and have fundamental roles in maintenance of postnatal bone homeostasis. They are crucial regulators of the osteochondroprogenitor pool and drive their proliferation, differentiation, and lifespan during bone regeneration. In this review, we summarize the effects of inflammation on osteochondroprogenitor populations during fracture repair and in inflammatory arthritides, with special focus on inflammation-mediated modulation of BMP signaling. We also present data in which we describe a population of murine synovial osteochondroprogenitor cells, which are reduced in arthritis, and characterize their expression of genes involved in regulation of bone homeostasis, emphasizing the up-regulation of BMP pathways in early progenitor subset. Based on the presented data, it may be concluded that during an inflammatory response, innate immune cells induce osteochondroprogenitors by providing signals for their recruitment, by producing BMPs and other osteogenic factors for paracrine effects, and by secreting inflammatory cytokines that may positively regulate osteogenic pathways. On the other hand, inflammatory cells may secrete cytokines that interfere with osteogenic pathways, proapoptotic factors that reduce the pool of osteochondroprogenitor cells, as well as BMP and Wnt antagonists. The net effect is strongly context-dependent and influenced by the local milieu of cells, cytokines, and growth factors. Further elucidation of the interplay between inflammatory signals and BMP-mediated bone formation may provide valuable tools for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Lukač
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedran Katavić
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Novak
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Alan Šućur
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maša Filipović
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivo Kalajzić
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Danka Grčević
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nataša Kovačić
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Yao Z, Xue T, Cai C, Li J, Lu M, Liu X, Jin T, Wu F, Liu S, Fan C. Parathyroid Hormone‐Loaded Microneedle Promotes Tendon Healing Through Activation of mTOR. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiao Yao
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Tong Xue
- School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Chuandong Cai
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Juehong Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Mingkuan Lu
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Tuo Jin
- School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Fei Wu
- School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai 200233 China
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Duan ZX, Li YS, Tu C, Xie P, Li YH, Qi L, Li ZH. Identification of a potential gene target for osteoarthritis based on bioinformatics analyses. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:228. [PMID: 32571421 PMCID: PMC7310002 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic joint disease worldwide. It is characterized by pain and limited mobility in the affected joints and may even cause disability. Effective clinical options for its prevention and treatment are still unavailable. This study aimed to identify differences in gene signatures between tissue samples from OA and normal knee joints and to explore potential gene targets for OA. Methods Five gene datasets, namely GSE55457, GSE55235, GSE12021, GSE10575, and GSE1919, were selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the R programming software. The functions of these DEGs were analyzed, and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. Subsequently, the most relevant biomarker genes were screened using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Finally, the expression of the protein encoded by the core gene PTHLH was evaluated in clinical samples. Results Eleven upregulated and 9 downregulated DEGs were shared between the five gene expression datasets. Based on the PPI network and the ROC curves of upregulated genes, PTHLH was identified as the most relevant gene for OA and was selected for further validation. Immunohistochemistry confirmed significantly higher PTHLH expression in OA tissues than in normal tissues. Moreover, similar PTHLH levels were detected in the plasma and knee synovial fluid of OA patients. Conclusion The bioinformatics analysis and preliminary experimental verification performed in this study identified PTHLH as a potential target for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xi Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Chao Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Han Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Chen Z, Zhang Z, Guo L, Wei X, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wei L. The role of histone deacetylase 4 during chondrocyte hypertrophy and endochondral bone development. Bone Joint Res 2020; 9:82-89. [PMID: 32435460 PMCID: PMC7229302 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.92.bjr-2019-0172.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocyte hypertrophy represents a crucial turning point during endochondral bone development. This process is tightly regulated by various factors, constituting a regulatory network that maintains normal bone development. Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) is the most well-characterized member of the HDAC class IIa family and participates in different signalling networks during development in various tissues by promoting chromatin condensation and transcriptional repression. Studies have reported that HDAC4-null mice display premature ossification of developing bones due to ectopic and early-onset chondrocyte hypertrophy. Overexpression of HDAC4 in proliferating chondrocytes inhibits hypertrophy and ossification of developing bones, which suggests that HDAC4, as a negative regulator, is involved in the network regulating chondrocyte hypertrophy. Overall, HDAC4 plays a key role during bone development and disease. Thus, understanding the role of HDAC4 during chondrocyte hypertrophy and endochondral bone formation and its features regarding the structure, function, and regulation of this process will not only provide new insight into the mechanisms by which HDAC4 is involved in chondrocyte hypertrophy and endochondral bone development, but will also create a platform for developing a therapeutic strategy for related diseases. Cite this article:Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(2):82–89.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Güz BC, Molenaar R, de Jong IC, Kemp B, van den Brand H, van Krimpen M. Effects of dietary organic minerals, fish oil, and hydrolyzed collagen on growth performance and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 98:6552-6563. [PMID: 31392338 PMCID: PMC6870562 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is a crucial factor for growth and bone development in broiler chickens. Adjustments in dietary ingredients might affect bone development and consequently locomotion related problems. This study was designed to evaluate effects of dietary organic minerals (ORM), fish oil (FISH), and hydrolyzed collagen (COL) on growth performance and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens. A total of three hundred eighty four 1-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens were used in a complete randomized block design with 4 diet groups and 8 replicates per diet group. In the ORM diet, the inorganic macro and trace minerals were replaced by their organic varieties. In the FISH diet, palm oil and soybean oil were partly replaced by FISH. In the COL diet, soybean meal was partly replaced by COL. Results showed that the ORM and COL diet groups reached a higher body weight (BW) at 42 D of age than the FISH diet group, whereas the control group was in between. The feed conversion ratio between day 1 and 42 was lower in the ORM and COL diet groups than in both other diet groups. On day 28, 35, and 42, gait score (GS), Varus Valgus deformity, tibia length (TL), thickness, femoral and metatarsal head thickness (THT), mineral content (TMC), mineral density (TMD), breaking strength (TBS), stiffness (TSF), and energy to fracture (TEF) were measured (n = 3/replicate). The ORM diet group had higher TL at day 42, higher THT at day 28, higher TMC at day 42, higher TMD at day 28, 35, and 42, higher TBS at day 42, higher TSF at day 35 and 42, and higher TEF at day 42 compared to the FISH diet group, with the COL and control diet groups in between. It can be concluded that replacing dietary inorganic macro and trace minerals by their organic varieties seems to stimulate tibia dimensions, strength, and mineral content of broiler chickens. On the contrary, FISH appears to negatively affect tibia characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Güz
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - R Molenaar
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - I C de Jong
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - B Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - H van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - M van Krimpen
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
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