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Liskova S, Cacanyiova S, Cebova M, Berenyiova A, Kluknavsky M, Micurova A, Valachova K, Soltes L, Bernatova I. Taxifolin Reduces Blood Pressure via Improvement of Vascular Function and Mitigating the Vascular Inflammatory Response in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12616. [PMID: 37628795 PMCID: PMC10454553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of a 10-day-long treatment with taxifolin (TAX, 20 mg/kg/day p.o.) was investigated on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) with a focus on the vascular functions of isolated femoral arteries and thoracic aortas. TAX reduced blood pressure in SHRs. In femoral arteries, TAX increased acetylcholine-induced relaxation, reduced the maximal NA-induced contraction, and reduced acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent contraction (EDC); however, TAX had no effect on the vascular reactivity of isolated thoracic aortas. In addition, TAX elevated the total nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and iNOS protein expression but reduced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) protein expression in the tissue of the abdominal aorta without changes in Nos2 and Ptgs2 gene expressions. TAX also increased the gene expression of the anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (Il10). In addition, in vitro studies showed that TAX has both electron donor and H atom donor properties. However, TAX failed to reduce superoxide production in the tissue of the abdominal aorta after oral administration. In conclusion, our results show that a decrease in the blood pressure in TAX-treated SHRs might be attributed to improved endothelium-dependent relaxation and reduced endothelium-dependent contraction. In addition, the results suggest that the effect of TAX on blood pressure regulation also involves the attenuation of COX2-mediated pro-inflammation and elevation of anti-inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Liskova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.L.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (A.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sona Cacanyiova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.L.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Martina Cebova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.L.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Berenyiova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.L.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Michal Kluknavsky
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.L.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Micurova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.L.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Katarina Valachova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.V.); (L.S.)
| | - Ladislav Soltes
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.V.); (L.S.)
| | - Iveta Bernatova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.L.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (A.M.)
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Kuneš J, Hojná S, Mráziková L, Montezano A, Touyz RM, Maletínská L. Obesity, Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Potential Common Mechanisms. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S73-S90. [PMID: 37565414 PMCID: PMC10660578 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide increase in the incidence of obesity and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, e.g. Alzheimer's disease, is related to many factors, including an unhealthy lifestyle and aging populations. However, the interconnection between these diseases is not entirely clear, and it is unknown whether common mechanisms underlie these conditions. Moreover, there are currently no fully effective therapies for obesity and neurodegeneration. While there has been extensive research in preclinical models addressing these issues, the experimental findings have not been translated to the clinic. Another challenge relates to the time of onset of individual diseases, which may not be easily identified, since there are no specific indicators or biomarkers that define disease onset. Hence knowing when to commence preventive treatment is unclear. This is especially pertinent in neurodegenerative diseases, where the onset of the disease may be subtle and occur decades before the signs and symptoms manifest. In metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, the risk may occur in-utero, in line with the concept of fetal programming. This review provides a brief overview of the link between obesity, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and discusses potential common mechanisms including the role of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kuneš
- Institute of Physiology AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic. . Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Québac, Canada,
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Savić B, Brkljačić J, Glumac S, Šarenac O, Murphy D, Blagojević D, Japundžić‐Žigon N, Dušić ZO. Effects of salt and stress on blood pressure parameters and antioxidant enzyme function in the heart and aorta of borderline hypertensive rats. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:946-960. [PMID: 37128890 PMCID: PMC10988497 DOI: 10.1113/ep090714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Although the involvement of reactive oxidative species in triggering hypertension has been documented, there are no data about the role of antioxidant enzymes in the heart and aorta of borderline hypertensive rats kept in baseline conditions or exposed to high salt with or without repeated stress. What is the main finding and its importance? In borderline hypertensive rats, high salt intake and stress contribute significantly to increase blood pressure and antioxidative defence in the aorta but decrease it in the heart. Elucidating the early changes that accompany elevated blood pressure could provide new therapeutical venues for prevention and treatment of the condition. ABSTRACT Hypertension and its complications are a leading cause of death in the human population. Several factors can contribute to development of hypertension, such as genetic predisposition, high salt intake and environmental stressors, underlying oxidative stress as one of its key trademarks. We studied the effects of increased salt intake and chronic stress on blood pressure parameters and the activity and protein levels of antioxidant enzymes in the heart and aorta of borderline hypertensive rats (BHRs) with genetic susceptibility to hypertension. All animals were randomized into four groups: (1) Wistar rats kept in baseline conditions; (2) BHRs kept in baseline conditions; (3) BHRs drinking 0.9% saline solution; and (4) BHRs drinking 0.9% saline solution and exposed to repeated heterotypic stress. The BHRs exhibited significantly higher blood pressure, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and catalase (CAT) protein levels and lower glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in the aorta, followed by lower CAT and GPx protein levels and higher CAT and GR activities in the heart, compared with normotensive Wistar rats. In the BHR aorta, high salt intake elevated CAT and GPx activities, and when combined with stress it increased GPx and GR activities. In BHR hearts, high salt intake provoked lower CAT activity. Adding repeated stress to salt treatment further decreased CAT activity, in addition to Cu2+ -Zn2+ superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and GR activities. The protein level of CAT was lower, whereas SOD2 and GPx increased. Overall, our results suggest that BHR hearts are better adapted to oxidative pressure, compared with the aorta, when exposed to salt and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Savić
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Jelena Brkljačić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’, National Institute of Republic of SerbiaUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Sofija Glumac
- Institute of Pathology, School of MedicineUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Olivera Šarenac
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - David Murphy
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin BuildingUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Duško Blagojević
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’, National Institute of Republic of SerbiaUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Nina Japundžić‐Žigon
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Zorana Oreščanin Dušić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’, National Institute of Republic of SerbiaUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
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Kluknavsky M, Micurova A, Cebova M, Şaman E, Cacanyiova S, Bernatova I. MLN-4760 Induces Oxidative Stress without Blood Pressure and Behavioural Alterations in SHRs: Roles of Nfe2l2 Gene, Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122385. [PMID: 36552591 PMCID: PMC9774314 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced angiotensin 1-7 bioavailability due to inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) may contribute to increased mortality in hypertensive individuals during COVID-19. However, effects of ACE2 inhibitor MLN-4760 in brain functions remain unknown. We investigated the selected behavioural and hemodynamic parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) after a 2-week s.c. infusion of MLN-4760 (dose 1 mg/kg/day). The biochemical and molecular effects of MLN-4760 were investigated in the brainstem and blood plasma. MLN-4760 had no effects on hemodynamic and behavioural parameters. However, MLN-4760 increased plasma hydrogen sulfide (H2S) level and total nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity and conjugated dienes in the brainstem. Increased NO synthase activity correlated positively with gene expression of Nos3 while plasma H2S levels correlated positively with gene expressions of H2S-producing enzymes Mpst, Cth and Cbs. MLN-4760 administration increased gene expression of Ace2, Sod1, Sod2, Gpx4 and Hmox1, which positively correlated with expression of Nfe2l2 gene encoding the redox-sensitive transcription factor NRF2. Collectively, MLN-4760 did not exacerbate pre-existing hypertension and behavioural hyperactivity/anxiety in SHRs. However, MLN-4760-induced oxidative damage in brainstem was associated with activation of NO- and H2S-mediated compensatory mechanisms and with increased gene expression of antioxidant, NO- and H2S-producing enzymes that all correlated positively with elevated Nfe2l2 expression.
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Rassler B, Hawlitschek C, Brendel J, Zimmer HG. How Do Young and Old Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Respond to Antihypertensive Therapy? Comparative Studies on the Effects of Combined Captopril and Nifedipine Treatment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123059. [PMID: 36551815 PMCID: PMC9775896 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies on the effects of antihypertensive treatment in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) have shown that early-onset therapy may effectively reduce their blood pressure (BP) even to normotensive values. In contrast, only a few studies investigated the effects of treatment started at an advanced age. These studies revealed that antihypertensive effects are lower in adult or even in senescent SHRs compared with young SHRs. Even more, prevention of cardiac sequelae of hypertension such as hypertrophy and fibrosis is less effective when treatment starts late in life. Because, in patients, combination therapies with calcium antagonists are favored, we studied the efficacy of a combination therapy with captopril and nifedipine in young and old SHRs. We directly compared the treatment effects on BP as well as on cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling between these two animal cohorts. With antihypertensive treatment, significantly lower BP values were achieved in young SHRs despite a shorter treatment period compared with old SHRs. Although treatment effects on cardiac hypertrophy were greater in old than in young SHRs, cardiac fibrosis was significantly attenuated only in young but not in old SHRs. The results emphasize the value of antihypertensive therapy and particularly accentuate the importance of an early-onset therapy. With respect to problems such as late diagnosis and poor therapy adherence, these results may have great importance for the treatment of human hypertension.
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Cayupe B, Troncoso B, Morgan C, Sáez-Briones P, Sotomayor-Zárate R, Constandil L, Hernández A, Morselli E, Barra R. The Role of the Paraventricular-Coerulear Network on the Programming of Hypertension by Prenatal Undernutrition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911965. [PMID: 36233268 PMCID: PMC9569920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A crucial etiological component in fetal programming is early nutrition. Indeed, early undernutrition may cause a chronic increase in blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases, including stroke and heart failure. In this regard, current evidence has sustained several pathological mechanisms involving changes in central and peripheral targets. In the present review, we summarize the neuroendocrine and neuroplastic modifications that underlie maladaptive mechanisms related to chronic hypertension programming after early undernutrition. First, we analyzed the role of glucocorticoids on the mechanism of long-term programming of hypertension. Secondly, we discussed the pathological plastic changes at the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus that contribute to the development of chronic hypertension in animal models of prenatal undernutrition, dissecting the neural network that reciprocally communicates this nucleus with the locus coeruleus. Finally, we propose an integrated and updated view of the main neuroendocrine and central circuital alterations that support the occurrence of chronic increases of blood pressure in prenatally undernourished animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardita Cayupe
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170020, Chile
| | - Blanca Troncoso
- Escuela de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170020, Chile
| | - Carlos Morgan
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología y Comportamiento, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170020, Chile
| | - Patricio Sáez-Briones
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología y Comportamiento, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170020, Chile
| | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica y Neurofarmacología, Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Luis Constandil
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170020, Chile
| | - Alejandro Hernández
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170020, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7510157, Chile
| | - Rafael Barra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170020, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-983831083
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Malínská H, Hüttl M, Marková I, Miklánková D, Hojná S, Papoušek F, Šilhavý J, Mlejnek P, Zicha J, Hrdlička J, Pravenec M, Vaněčková I. Beneficial Effects of Empagliflozin Are Mediated by Reduced Renal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Expressing Human C-Reactive Protein. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092066. [PMID: 36140169 PMCID: PMC9495591 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliflozins (inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) show many beneficial actions beyond their antidiabetic effects. The underlying mechanisms of these additional protective effects are still not well understood, especially under non-diabetic conditions. Therefore, we analyzed the effects of empagliflozin in young (3-month-old) and adult (12-month-old) male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) expressing human C-reactive protein (CRP) in the liver. SHR-CRP rats are a non-diabetic model of metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and organ damage. Empagliflozin was given in a daily dose of 10 mg/kg body weight for 8 weeks. Both age groups of SHR-CRP rats treated with empagliflozin had lower body weight, decreased weight of fat depots, reduced ectopic fat accumulation in the liver and kidneys, and decreased levels of plasma insulin and β-hydroxybutyrate. Empagliflozin effectively reduced ectopic renal fat accumulation, and was associated with decreased inflammation. Exclusively in young rats, decreased microalbuminuria after empagliflozin treatment was accompanied by attenuated oxidative stress. In adult animals, empagliflozin also improved left ventricle function. In conclusion, in young animals, the beneficial renoprotective effects of empagliflozin could be ascribed to reduced lipid deposition in the kidney and the attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation. In contrast, hepatic lipid metabolism was ameliorated in adult rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Malínská
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hüttl
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Marková
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Miklánková
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Hojná
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Papoušek
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šilhavý
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Mlejnek
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zicha
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Hrdlička
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Vaněčková
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-241062592
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Yang Y, Zhang Q, Ren J, Zhu Q, Wang L, Geng Z. In vivo symmetric multi-contrast MRI brain templates and atlas for spontaneously hypertensive rats. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:1789-1801. [PMID: 35318503 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02472-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) are a valuable animal model of essential hypertension. The increasing use of SHRs in neuroimaging has generated an urgent demand for a template set that provides a reference for advanced data analysis. Structural T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional MRI scans that were used to build the template set were obtained from 8 SHRs longitudinally scanned in vivo at 10, 24 and 52 weeks of age. These symmetric multi-contrast templates were constructed by iterative registration and averaging. The cortical atlas was derived from the Tohoku atlas, and the subcortical regions were manually delineated based on the templates. A set of SHR brain images named the Hebei Medical University rat brain template set (HRT) comprised 3D symmetric T2WI, raw T2-weighted signal with no added diffusion weighting (B0), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD) and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) templates; tissue probability maps (TPMs) of gray matter (GM), white matter (WM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); and a whole-brain atlas with 163 labels. We quantitatively validated the template and characterized the longitudinal changes in brain morphology in different brain tissues as SHRs aged. To our knowledge, the HRT is the first MRI template set for SHRs. We believe that the HRT can serve as a beneficial tool for precise analysis of the SHR brain using structural and functional MRI, which can promote neuroimaging studies on essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yang
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, 050000, China.,Department of Imaging, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066000, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | | | - Qingfeng Zhu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang City, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang City, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zuojun Geng
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang City, 050000, Hebei Province, China.
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Vascular Effects of Low-Dose ACE2 Inhibitor MLN-4760—Benefit or Detriment in Essential Hypertension? Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010038. [PMID: 35052717 PMCID: PMC8773407 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects host cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Concurrently, the product of ACE2 action, angiotensin 1–7 (Ang 1–7), binds to Mas receptors within the cardiovascular system and provides protective effects. Therefore, it is crucial to reveal the role of ACE2 inhibition, especially within pre-existing cardiovascular pathologies. In our study, we imitated the action of SARS-CoV-2 in organisms using the low dose of the ACE2 inhibitor MLN-4760 with the aim of investigating to what degree ACE2 inhibition is detrimental to the cardiovascular system of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), which represent a model of human essential hypertension. Our study revealed the complex action of MLN-4760 in SHRs. On the one hand, we found that MLN-4760 had (1) (pro)obesogenic effects that negatively correlated with alternative renin-angiotensin system activity and Ang 1–7 in plasma, (2) negative effects on ACE1 inhibitor (captopril) action, (3) detrimental effects on the small arteries function and (4) anti-angiogenic effect in the model of chick chorioallantoic membrane. On the other hand, MLN-4760 induced compensatory mechanisms involving strengthened Mas receptor-, nitric oxide- and hydrogen sulfide-mediated signal transduction in the aorta, which was associated with unchanged blood pressure, suggesting beneficial action of MLN-4760 when administered at a low dose.
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Angiotensin System Modulations in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Consequences on Erythrocyte Properties; Action of MLN-4760 and Zofenopril. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121902. [PMID: 34944718 PMCID: PMC8698991 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Various pathologies (COVID-19 including) are associated with abnormalities in erythrocyte properties. Hypertension represents an unfavorable condition for erythrocyte quality and is the most prevalent risk factor in COVID-19 patients. ACE2 downregulation that is typical of these patients can further deteriorate cardiovascular health; however, its consequences on erythrocyte properties are not known yet. The aim was to investigate the effect of ACE2 inhibition and the potential beneficial effect of zofenopril on erythrocytes in spontaneously hypertensive rats. ACE2 inhibition induced by MLN-4760 (1 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks) led to deterioration of erythrocyte morphology and osmotic resistance, but plasma markers of oxidative stress, erythrocyte deformability, nitric oxide production and Na,K-ATPase activity were not significantly affected. Zofenopril administration (10 mg/kg/day, initiated after 4-day-lasting ACE2 inhibition) resulted in unexpected increase in angiotensin II plasma levels in both control and ACE-inhibited spontaneously hypertensive rats, but in normalization of osmotic resistance in ACE2-inhibited rats. The overall effect of zofenopril on erythrocyte qualities could be evaluated as beneficial.
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Youwakim J, Girouard H. Inflammation: A Mediator Between Hypertension and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Am J Hypertens 2021; 34:1014-1030. [PMID: 34136907 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the most prevalent and modifiable risk factor for stroke, vascular cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanistic link between hypertension and neurodegenerative diseases remains to be understood. Recent evidence indicates that inflammation is a common pathophysiological trait for both hypertension and neurodegenerative diseases. Low-grade chronic inflammation at the systemic and central nervous system levels is now recognized to contribute to the physiopathology of hypertension. This review speculates that inflammation represents a mediator between hypertension and neurodegenerative diseases, either by a decrease in cerebral blood flow or a disruption of the blood-brain barrier which will, in turn, let inflammatory cells and neurotoxic molecules enter the brain parenchyma. This may impact brain functions including cognition and contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. This review will thus discuss the relationship between hypertension, systemic inflammation, cerebrovascular functions, neuroinflammation, and brain dysfunctions. The potential clinical future of immunotherapies against hypertension and associated cerebrovascular risks will also be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Youwakim
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l’apprentissage (CIRCA); Montreal, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hélène Girouard
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l’apprentissage (CIRCA); Montreal, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériaterie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Torok J, Zemancikova A, Valaskova Z, Balis P. The Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Early Changes in Arterial Function during High-Fat Diet and Its Combination with High-Fructose Intake in Rats. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111552. [PMID: 34829781 PMCID: PMC8615157 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the influence of a high-fat diet and its combination with high-fructose intake on young normotensive rats, with focus on the modulatory effect of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) on the reactivity of isolated arteries. Six-week-old Wistar–Kyoto rats were treated for 8 weeks with a control diet (10% fat), a high-fat diet (HFD; 45% fat), or a combination of the HFD with a 10% solution of fructose. Contractile and relaxant responses of isolated rat arteries, with preserved and removed PVAT for selected vasoactive stimuli, were recorded isometrically by a force displacement transducer. The results demonstrated that, in young rats, eight weeks of the HFD might lead to body fat accumulation and early excitation of the cardiovascular sympathetic nervous system, as shown by increased heart rate and enhanced arterial contractile responses induced by endogenous noradrenaline released from perivascular sympathetic nerves. The addition of high-fructose intake deteriorated this state by impairment of arterial relaxation and resulted in mild elevation of systolic blood pressure; however, the increase in arterial neurogenic contractions was not detected. The diet-induced alterations in isolated arteries were observed only in the presence of PVAT, indicating that this structure is important in initiation of early vascular changes during the development of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Torok
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +421-2-3229-6044 (J.T. & A.Z.)
| | - Anna Zemancikova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +421-2-3229-6044 (J.T. & A.Z.)
| | - Zuzana Valaskova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (P.B.)
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Balis
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (P.B.)
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13
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Řezáčová L, Vaněčková I, Hojná S, Vavřínová A, Valovič P, Rauchová H, Behuliak M, Zicha J. Both central sympathoexcitation and peripheral angiotensin II-dependent vasoconstriction contribute to hypertension development in immature heterozygous Ren-2 transgenic rats. Hypertens Res 2021; 45:414-423. [PMID: 34621032 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that chronic blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) lowered the blood pressure (BP) of adult Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR) mainly through the attenuation of central sympathoexcitation. However, the participation of central and peripheral mechanisms in the development of high BP in immature TGR remains unclear. In the present study, 6-week-old heterozygous TGR males were chronically treated with intracerebroventricular (ICV) or intraperitoneal (IP) infusions of the AT1 receptor inhibitor losartan (1 or 2 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. The influence of these treatments on sympathetic- and angiotensin II-dependent BP components (BP response to pentolinium or captopril, respectively) as well as on BP response to exogenous angiotensin II were determined to evaluate the participation of central and peripheral RAS in hypertension development. Chronic IP losartan administration (1 or 2 mg/kg/day) lowered the BP of immature TGR by reducing both sympathetic and angiotensin II-dependent BP components. The central action of IP-administered losartan was indicated by a reduced BP response to acute ICV angiotensin II injection. Chronic ICV administration of a lower losartan dose (1 mg/kg/day) reduced only the sympathetic BP component, whereas a higher ICV administered dose (2 mg/kg/day) was required to influence the angiotensin II-dependent BP component. Accordingly, chronic ICV losartan administration of 2 mg/kg/day (but not 1 mg/kg/day) attenuated the BP response to acute intravenous angiotensin II application. In conclusion, central sympathoexcitation seems to play an important role in hypertension development in immature TGR. Central sympathoexcitation is highly susceptible to inhibition by low doses of RAS-blocking agents, whereas higher doses also affect peripheral angiotensin II-dependent vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Řezáčová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Vaněčková
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Silvie Hojná
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Vavřínová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Valovič
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Rauchová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Behuliak
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zicha
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Levanovich PE, Chung CS, Komnenov D, Rossi NF. Fructose plus High-Salt Diet in Early Life Results in Salt-Sensitive Cardiovascular Changes in Mature Male Sprague Dawley Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:3129. [PMID: 34579006 PMCID: PMC8465679 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructose and salt intake remain high, particularly in adolescents and young adults. The present studies were designed to evaluate the impact of high fructose and/or salt during pre- and early adolescence on salt sensitivity, blood pressure, arterial compliance, and left ventricular (LV) function in maturity. Male 5-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were studied over three 3-week phases (Phases I, II, and III). Two reference groups received either 20% glucose + 0.4% NaCl (GCS-GCS) or 20% fructose + 4% NaCl (FHS-FHS) throughout this study. The two test groups ingested fructose + 0.4% NaCl (FCS) or FHS during Phase I, then GCS in Phase II, and were then challenged with 20% glucose + 4% NaCl (GHS) in Phase III: FCS-GHS and FHS-GHS, respectively. Compared with GCS-GCS, systolic and mean pressures were significantly higher at the end of Phase III in all groups fed fructose during Phase I. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) was elevated at the end of Phase I in FHS-GHS and FHS-FHS (vs. GCS-GCS). At the end of Phase III, PWV and renal resistive index were higher in FHS-GHS and FHS-FHS vs. GCS-GCS. Diastolic, but not systolic, LV function was impaired in the FHS-GHS and FHS-FHS but not FCS-FHS rats. Consumption of 20% fructose by male rats during adolescence results in salt-sensitive hypertension in maturity. When ingested with a high-salt diet during this early plastic phase, dietary fructose also predisposes to vascular stiffening and LV diastolic dysfunction in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E. Levanovich
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (P.E.L.); (C.S.C.)
| | - Charles S. Chung
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (P.E.L.); (C.S.C.)
| | - Dragana Komnenov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Noreen F. Rossi
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (P.E.L.); (C.S.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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15
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Vavřínová A, Behuliak M, Vaněčková I, Zicha J. The abnormalities of adrenomedullary hormonal system in genetic hypertension: Their contribution to altered regulation of blood pressure. Physiol Res 2021; 70:307-326. [PMID: 33982588 PMCID: PMC8820560 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that sympathetic nervous system plays a crucial role in the development of hypertension. On the other hand, the role of adrenal medulla (the adrenomedullary component of the sympathoadrenal system) in the development and maintenance of high blood pressure in man as well as in experimental models of hypertension is still controversial. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are the most widely used animal model of human essential hypertension characterized by sympathetic hyperactivity. However, the persistence of moderately elevated blood pressure in SHR subjected to sympathectomy neonatally as well as the resistance of adult SHR to the treatment by sympatholytic drugs suggests that other factors (including enhanced activity of the adrenomedullary hormonal system) are involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension of SHR. This review describes abnormalities in adrenomedullary hormonal system of SHR rats starting with the hyperactivity of brain centers regulating sympathetic outflow, through the exaggerated activation of sympathoadrenal preganglionic neurons, to the local changes in chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla. All the above alterations might contribute to the enhanced release of epinephrine and/or norepinephrine from adrenal medulla. Special attention is paid to the alterations in the expression of genes involved in catecholamine biosynthesis, storage, release, reuptake, degradation and adrenergic receptors in chromaffin cells of SHR. The contribution of the adrenomedullary hormonal system to the development and maintenance of hypertension as well as its importance during stressful conditions is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vavřínová
- Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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16
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Payen C, Guillot A, Paillat L, Fothi A, Dib A, Bourreau J, Schmitt F, Loufrani L, Aranyi T, Henrion D, Munier M, Fassot C. Pathophysiological adaptations of resistance arteries in rat offspring exposed in utero to maternal obesity is associated with sex-specific epigenetic alterations. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1074-1085. [PMID: 33637953 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Maternal obesity impacts vascular functions linked to metabolic disorders in offspring, leading to cardiovascular diseases during adulthood. Even if the relation between prenatal conditioning of cardiovascular diseases by maternal obesity and vascular function begins to be documented, little is known about resistance arteries. They are of particular interest because of their specific role in the regulation of local blood flow. Then our study aims to determine if maternal obesity can directly program fetal vascular dysfunction of resistance arteries, independently of metabolic disorders. METHODS With a model of rats exposed in utero to mild maternal diet-induced obesity (OMO), we investigated third-order mesenteric arteries of 4-month old rats in absence of metabolic disorders. The methylation profile of these vessels was determined by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). Vascular structure and reactivity were investigated using histomorphometry analysis and wire-myography. The metabolic function was evaluated by insulin and glucose tolerance tests, plasma lipid profile, and adipose tissue analysis. RESULTS At 4 months of age, small mesenteric arteries of OMO presented specific epigenetic modulations of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), collagens, and potassium channels genes in association with an outward remodeling and perturbations in the endothelium-dependent vasodilation pathways (greater contribution of EDHFs pathway in OMO males compared to control rats, and greater implication of PGI2 in OMO females compared to control rats). These vascular modifications were detected in absence of metabolic disorders. CONCLUSIONS Our study reports a specific methylation profile of resistance arteries associated with vascular remodeling and vasodilation balance perturbations in offspring exposed in utero to maternal obesity, in absence of metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Payen
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Abigaëlle Guillot
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Lily Paillat
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Abel Fothi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Abdallah Dib
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Jennifer Bourreau
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Françoise Schmitt
- UPRES EA 3859, HIFIH laboratory, Angers, France.,University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Laurent Loufrani
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Tamas Aranyi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniel Henrion
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France.,University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France.,CARFI (Cardiovascular Function In Vitro) Facility, Angers, France
| | - Mathilde Munier
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France.,University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France.,Reference Center for Rare Disease of Thyroid and Hormone Receptors, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Céline Fassot
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France.
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17
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Liang X, Chen M, Wang D, Wen J, Chen J. Vitamin A deficiency indicating as low expression of LRAT may be a novel biomarker of primary hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 43:151-163. [PMID: 33052059 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2020.1833023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Vitamin A (VA) deficiency triggers many diseases and is a worldwide nutrition problem. The Retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is an indicator of VA storage function, and the relationship between LRAT and blood pressure level and the regulation mechanism will be elucidated. METHODS 160 children aged 6-12 years were included, and the serum VA and, the transcription levels of LRAT and RARs, were measured. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and WKY rats were treated with VA deficiency (VAD) or normal (VAN) fodder for 20 weeks. LRAT, retinoic acid, renin angiotensin system (RAS) biomarkers, and the structure and function of the heart for SHRs were measured. RESULTS The serum retinol and serum retinol/BMI levels were lower in children in the low LRAT group (LRAT<P50) compared with the high LRAT group (LRAT≥P50)(0.82 μmol/L vs. 0.94 μmol/L, 0.04 vs. 0.05, all P < .01). Moreover, SBP, DBP, and Ang Ⅱ were lower in the low LRAT group (all P < .01). Compared with VAN-treated SHRs, LRAT, retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα), ACE2, and Ang (1-7) protein expression levels were decreased, while ACE and AT1R expression levels were increased in VAD SHRs. Notably, heart weight (HW), left ventricle weight, the HW-to-body weight ratio and the left ventricle weight-to-body weight ratio were significantly increased in VAD SHRs compared with those in VAN SHRs (P < .01). Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and ventricular fibrosis were significantly increased in VAD SHRs compared with those in VAN SHRs (both P < .01). CONCLUSIONS LRAT may be an important biomarker of vitamin A deficiency in target organs and may regulate BP by affecting RAS biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liang
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders , Chongqing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders , Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Wen
- Kidney Disease Department, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders , Chongqing, China
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18
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Plotnikov MB, Aliev OI, Shamanaev AY, Sidekhmenova AV, Anishchenko AM, Fomina TI, Rydchenko VS, Khlebnikov AI, Anfinogenova YJ, Schepetkin IA, Atochin DN. Antihypertensive activity of a new c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2020; 43:1068-1078. [PMID: 32382155 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-020-0446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are involved in the myocardial and aortic remodeling, increased arterial tone, and arterial blood pressure elevation associated with hypertension. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antihypertensive effect of a new JNK inhibitor, 1H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one oxime sodium salt (IQ-1S), on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Experiments were performed using normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and SHRs. Experimental groups of SHRs received IQ-1S intragastrically for 6 weeks in daily doses of 5 and 50 mg/kg; experimental groups of WKY rats received 50 mg/kg IQ-1S according to the same regimen. The IQ-1S administration regimen induced decreases in systolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, total peripheral resistance, blood viscosity, hematocrit, myocardial cell cross-sectional area, and aortic wall thickness in SHRs vs untreated SHRs. There were no significant differences in systolic blood pressure values between the control and experimental groups of WKY rats during the treatment period. A concentration-dependent decrease in the tone of carotid arterial rings isolated from SHRs was observed after JNK inhibitor application in vitro. Application of the JNK inhibitor diminished endothelin-1 secretion by human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. The main mechanisms of the antihypertensive effect of IQ-1S included the attenuation of blood viscosity due to decreased hematocrit, a vasodilatory effect on arterial smooth muscle cells, and a decrease in endothelin-1 production by endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Plotnikov
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lenin Av., Tomsk, 634028, Russia. .,National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Oleg I Aliev
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lenin Av., Tomsk, 634028, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Y Shamanaev
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lenin Av., Tomsk, 634028, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Sidekhmenova
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lenin Av., Tomsk, 634028, Russia
| | - Anna M Anishchenko
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lenin Av., Tomsk, 634028, Russia.,Department of Pharmacology, Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Tatiana I Fomina
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lenin Av., Tomsk, 634028, Russia
| | - Victoria S Rydchenko
- Department of Biophysics, Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Andrei I Khlebnikov
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.,Research Institute of Biological Medicine, Altai State University, Barnaul, 656049, Russia
| | - Yana J Anfinogenova
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.,Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 111a Kievskaya St., Tomsk, 634012, Russia
| | - Igor A Schepetkin
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Dmitriy N Atochin
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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19
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Li Y, Wang Q, Muir ER, Kiel JW, Duong TQ. Retinal Vascular and Anatomical Features in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:1422-1429. [PMID: 32255364 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1752738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate whether in vivo optical imaging methods and histology can detect comparable vascular and neuronal damage in the retina due to the effects of progressive chronic hypertension on the retinal vasculature and neurons using the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model at young and old ages. Methods: Male SHR and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were studied at 10 and 40 weeks of age (n = 6 each group). Arterial blood pressure was measured with a tail-cuff. Under anesthesia, fundus photography was used to measure retinal arterial diameters and optical coherence tomography was used to measure retinal layer thicknesses. Histology was then used to measure microvascular and cell density in different retinal layers. Results: Blood pressure was significantly higher in SHR than WKY in both age groups (p < .05). Fundus images showed no gross abnormalities, hemorrhage, or stenosis in all groups. Retinal vessels, however, appeared more tortuous in SHR compared to WKY at both ages. Retinal vessel diameters in SHR were significantly narrower than in WKY at both age groups (p < .05). Microvascular densities at 10 weeks were not significantly different (p > .05) but were markedly reduced in SHR at 40 weeks compared to WKY (p < .05). The outer nuclear layer thickness of SHR was significantly thinner than that of WKY at both ages (p < .05), consistent with histological cell density measurements (p < .05). The ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer thicknesses were not significantly different between SHR and WKY (p > .05), consistent with the corresponding histological cell density measurements (p > .05). Conclusion: In vivo optical imaging showed that systemic hypertension progressively reduces retinal arterial diameter and thicknesses of the outer retina in spontaneously hypertensive rats, with consistent vascular and neuronal findings from histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital MedicalUniversity , Beijing, China
| | - Eric R Muir
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Kiel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Timothy Q Duong
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York, USA
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20
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Alcaide-Hidalgo JM, Margalef M, Bravo FI, Muguerza B, López-Huertas E. Virgin olive oil (unfiltered) extract contains peptides and possesses ACE inhibitory and antihypertensive activity. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:1242-1249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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21
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Kluknavsky M, Balis P, Skratek M, Manka J, Bernatova I. (-)-Epicatechin Reduces the Blood Pressure of Young Borderline Hypertensive Rats During the Post-Treatment Period. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020096. [PMID: 31979210 PMCID: PMC7071046 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of (–)-epicatechin (Epi) in young male borderline hypertensive rats (BHR) during two weeks of treatment (Epi group, 100 mg/kg/day p.o.) and two weeks post treatment (PE group). Epi reduced blood pressure (BP), which persisted for two weeks post treatment. This was associated with delayed reduction of anxiety-like behaviour. Epi significantly increased nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities in the aorta and left heart ventricle (LHV) vs. the age-matched controls without affecting the brainstem and frontal neocortex. Furthermore, Epi significantly reduced the superoxide production in the aorta and relative content of iron-containing compounds in blood. Two weeks post treatment, the NOS activities and superoxide productions in the heart and aorta did not differ from the age-matched controls. The gene expressions of the NOSs (nNOS, iNOS, eNOS), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) remained unaltered in the aorta and LHV of the Epi and PE groups. In conclusion, while Epi-induced a decrease of the rats’ BP persisted for two weeks post treatment, continuous Epi treatments seem to be necessary for maintaining elevated NO production as well as redox balance in the heart and aorta without changes in the NOSs, Nrf2, and PPAR-γ gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kluknavsky
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.K.); (P.B.)
| | - Peter Balis
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.K.); (P.B.)
| | - Martin Skratek
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Measurement Science, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Jan Manka
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Measurement Science, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Iveta Bernatova
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.K.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Yang Y, Tian T, Wang Y, Li Z, Xing K, Tian G. SIRT6 protects vascular endothelial cells from angiotensin II-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress by promoting the activation of Nrf2/ARE signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 859:172516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Tiyasatkulkovit W, Promruk W, Rojviriya C, Pakawanit P, Chaimongkolnukul K, Kengkoom K, Teerapornpuntakit J, Panupinthu N, Charoenphandhu N. Impairment of bone microstructure and upregulation of osteoclastogenic markers in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12293. [PMID: 31444374 PMCID: PMC6707260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension and osteoporosis are the major non-communicable diseases in the elderly worldwide. Although clinical studies reported that hypertensive patients experienced significant bone loss and likelihood of fracture, the causal relationship between hypertension and osteoporosis has been elusive due to other confounding factors associated with these diseases. In this study, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were used to address this relationship and further explored the biophysical properties and the underlying mechanisms. Long bones of the hind limbs from 18-week-old female SHR were subjected to determination of bone mineral density (BMD) and their mechanical properties. Using synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM), femoral heads of SHR displayed marked increase in porosity within trabecular area together with decrease in cortical thickness. The volumetric micro-computed tomography also demonstrated significant decreases in trabecular BMD, cortical thickness and total cross-sectional area of the long bones. These changes also led to susceptibility of the long bones to fracture indicated by marked decreases in yield load, stiffness and maximum load using three-point bending tests. At the cellular mechanism, an increase in the expression of osteoclastogenic markers with decrease in the expression of alkaline phosphatase was found in primary osteoblast-enriched cultures isolated from long bones of these SHR suggesting an imbalance in bone remodeling. Taken together, defective bone mass and strength in hypertensive rats were likely due to excessive bone resorption. Development of novel therapeutic interventions that concomitantly target hypertension and osteoporosis should be helpful in reduction of unwanted outcomes, such as bone fractures, in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wacharaporn Tiyasatkulkovit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Worachet Promruk
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Catleya Rojviriya
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Phakkhananan Pakawanit
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | | | - Kanchana Kengkoom
- National Laboratory Animal Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Jarinthorn Teerapornpuntakit
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Nattapon Panupinthu
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Narattaphol Charoenphandhu
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand. .,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand. .,The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand.
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Vaněčková I, Hojná S, Kadlecová M, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Zicha J. Distinct effects of bosentan on NO-dependent vasodilation and calcium influx in heterozygous Ren-2 transgenic rats on high-salt diet. Physiol Res 2019; 68:717-725. [PMID: 31424254 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our studies in hypertensive Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR) demonstrated that chronic administration of atrasentan (ETA receptor antagonist) decreased blood pressure by reduced Ca2+ influx through L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels (L-VDCC) and attenuated angiotensin II-dependent vasoconstriction. We were interested whether bosentan (nonselective ET(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonist) would have similar effects. Young 4-week-old (preventive study) and adult 8-week-old (therapeutic study) heterozygous TGR and their normotensive Hannover Sprague-Dawley (HanSD) controls were fed normal-salt (NS, 0.6 % NaCl) or high-salt (HS, 2 % NaCl) diet for 8 weeks. An additional group of TGR fed HS was treated with bosentan (100 mg/kg/day). Bosentan had no effect on BP of TGR fed high-salt diet in both the preventive and therapeutic studies. There was no difference in the contribution of angiotensin II-dependent and sympathetic vasoconstriction in bosentan-treated TGR compared to untreated TGR under the condition of high-salt intake. However, bosentan significantly reduced NO-dependent vasodilation and nifedipine-sensitive BP component in TGR on HS diet. A highly important correlation of nifedipine-induced BP change and the BP after L-NAME administration was demonstrated. Although bosentan did not result in any blood pressure lowering effects, it substantially influenced NO-dependent vasodilation and calcium influx through L-VDCC in the heterozygous TGR fed HS diet. A significant correlation of nifedipine-induced BP change and the BP after L-NAME administration suggests an important role of nitric oxide in the closure of L-type voltage dependent calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vaněčková
- Department of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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25
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Gao F, Jing Y, Zang P, Hu X, Gu C, Wu R, Chai B, Zhang Y. Vascular Cognitive Impairment Caused by Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Is Associated with the TLR4 in the Hippocampus. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 70:563-572. [PMID: 31256136 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Gao
- Department of Neurology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Yuhong Jing
- Institute of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Peixi Zang
- Department of Neurology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Hu
- Department of Neurology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Cheng Gu
- Department of Neurology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Ruipeng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Bingyan Chai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China
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26
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Gamoh S, Shiba T, DiPette DJ, Yamamoto R. Differences in the response to periarterial nerve stimulation or exogenous noradrenaline infusion in the mesenteric vascular bed with the intestinal tract harvested from commonly used rat models of hypertension. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:427-434. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Gamoh
- First Department of Pharmacology Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy Kyushu University of Health and Welfare Nobeoka Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shiba
- First Department of Pharmacology Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy Kyushu University of Health and Welfare Nobeoka Japan
| | - Donald J. DiPette
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina
| | - Ryuichi Yamamoto
- First Department of Pharmacology Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy Kyushu University of Health and Welfare Nobeoka Japan
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27
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Vavřínová A, Behuliak M, Bencze M, Vaněčková I, Zicha J. Which sympathoadrenal abnormalities of adult spontaneously hypertensive rats can be traced to a prehypertensive stage? Hypertens Res 2019; 42:949-959. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Mendez N, Torres-Farfan C, Salazar E, Bascur P, Bastidas C, Vergara K, Spichiger C, Halabi D, Vio CP, Richter HG. Fetal Programming of Renal Dysfunction and High Blood Pressure by Chronodisruption. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:362. [PMID: 31244775 PMCID: PMC6563621 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse prenatal conditions are known to impose significant trade-offs impinging on health and disease balance during adult life. Among several deleterious factors associated with complicated pregnancy, alteration of the gestational photoperiod remains largely unknown. Previously, we reported that prenatal manipulation of the photoperiod has adverse effects on the mother, fetus, and adult offspring; including cardiac hypertrophy. Here, we investigated whether chronic photoperiod shifting (CPS) during gestation may program adult renal function and blood pressure regulation. To this end, pregnant rats were subjected to CPS throughout pregnancy to evaluate the renal effects on the fetus and adult offspring. In the kidney at 18 days of gestation, both clock and clock-controlled gene expression did not display a daily pattern, although there were recurrent weaves of transcriptional activity along the 24 h in the control group. Using DNA microarray, significant differential expression was found for 1,703 transcripts in CPS relative to control fetal kidney (835 up-regulated and 868 down-regulated). Functional genomics assessment revealed alteration of diverse gene networks in the CPS fetal kidney, including regulation of transcription, aldosterone-regulated Na+ reabsorption and connective tissue differentiation. In adult offspring at 90 days of age, circulating proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 were increased under CPS conditions. In these individuals, CPS did not modify kidney clock gene expression but had effects on different genes with specific functions in the nephron. Next, we evaluated several renal markers and the response of blood pressure to 4%NaCl in the diet for 4 weeks (i.e., at 150 days of age). CPS animals displayed elevated systolic blood pressure in basal conditions that remained elevated in response to 4%NaCl, relative to control conditions. At this age, CPS modified the expression of Nhe3, Ncc, Atp1a1, Nr3c1 (glucocorticoid receptor), and Nr3c2 (mineralocorticoid receptor); while Nkcc, Col3A1, and Opn were modified in the CPS 4%+NaCl group. Furthermore, CPS decreased protein expression of Kallikrein and COX-2, both involved in sodium handling. In conclusion, gestational chronodisruption programs kidney dysfunction at different levels, conceivably underlying the prehypertensive phenotype observed in the adult CPS offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mendez
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudia Torres-Farfan
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Esteban Salazar
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pía Bascur
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carla Bastidas
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Karina Vergara
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos Spichiger
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Diego Halabi
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Dentistry, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos P. Vio
- Center of Aging and Regeneration CARE, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hans G. Richter
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- *Correspondence: Hans G. Richter
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29
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Abais-Battad JM, Mattson DL. Influence of dietary protein on Dahl salt-sensitive hypertension: a potential role for gut microbiota. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R907-R914. [PMID: 30133303 PMCID: PMC6295491 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00399.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High blood pressure affects 1.39 billion adults across the globe and is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide. Hypertension is a multifaceted disease with known genetic and environmental factors contributing to its progression. Our studies utilizing the Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rat have demonstrated the remarkable influence of dietary protein and maternal environment on the development of hypertension and renal damage in response to high salt. There is growing interest in the relationship between the microbiome and hypertension, with gut dysbiosis being correlated to a number of pathologies. This review summarizes the current literature regarding the interplay among dietary protein, the gut microbiota, and hypertension. These studies may provide insight into the effects we have observed between diet and hypertension in Dahl SS rats and, we hope, lead to new perspectives where potential dietary interventions or microbiota manipulations could serve as plausible therapies for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David L Mattson
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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30
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Plotnikov MB, Aliev OI, Sidekhmenova AV, Shamanaev AY, Anishchenko AM, Fomina TI, Plotnikova TM, Arkhipov AM. Effect of p- tyrosol on hemorheological parameters and cerebral capillary network in young spontaneously hypertensive rats. Microvasc Res 2018; 119:91-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang L, Wang J, Liang J, Feng D, Deng F, Yang Y, Lu Y, Hu Z. Propofol prevents human umbilical vein endothelial cell injury from Ang II-induced apoptosis by activating the ACE2-(1-7)-Mas axis and eNOS phosphorylation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199373. [PMID: 29995907 PMCID: PMC6040691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII), a vasoactive peptide that elevates arterial blood pressure and results in hypertension, has been reported to directly induce vascular endothelial cell apoptosis. Recent work has demonstrated that propofol pre-treatment attenuates angiotensin II-induced apoptosis in human coronary artery endothelial cells. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) subjected to angiotensin II-induced apoptosis in the presence or absence of propofol treatment and found that angiotensin II-induced apoptosis was attenuated by propofol in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, ELISA assays demonstrated that the ratio of angiotensin (1–7) (Ang (1–7)) to Ang II was increased after propofol treatment. We examined the expression of ACE2, Ang (1–7) and Mas and found that the ACE2-Ang (1–7)-Mas axis was up-regulated by propofol, while ACE2 overexpression increased phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (phosphorylated eNOS) expression and siACE2 resulted in the repression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation. In conclusion, our study revealed that propofol can inhibit endothelial cell apoptosis induced by Ang II by activating the ACE2-Ang (1–7)-Mas axis and further up-regulating the expression and phosphorylation of eNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangqing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiuqing Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Du Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac-cerebral Vascular Disease, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- * E-mail:
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33
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Plotnikov MB, Shamanaev AY, Aliev OI, Sidekhmenova AV, Anishchenko AM, Arkhipov AM. Pentoxifylline treatment enhances antihypertensive activity of captopril through hemorheological improvement in spontaneously hypertensive rats during development of arterial hypertension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 11:769-778. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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34
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Grell AS, Frederiksen SD, Edvinsson L, Ansar S. Cerebrovascular gene expression in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184233. [PMID: 28880918 PMCID: PMC5589213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a hemodynamic disorder and one of the most important and well-established risk factors for vascular diseases such as stroke. Blood vessels exposed to chronic shear stress develop structural changes and remodeling of the vascular wall through many complex mechanisms. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Hypertension-susceptible genes may provide a novel insight into potential molecular mechanisms of hypertension and secondary complications associated with hypertension. The aim of this exploratory study was to identify gene expression differences in the middle cerebral arteries between 12-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats and their normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats using an Affymetrix whole-transcriptome expression profiling. Quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to verify genes of interest. 169 genes were differentially expressed in the middle cerebral arteries from hypertensive compared to normotensive rats. The gene expression of 72 genes was decreased and the gene expression of 97 genes was increased. The following genes with a fold difference ≥1.40 were verified by quantitative PCR; Postn, Olr1, Fas, Vldlr, Mmp2, Timp1, Serpine1, Mmp11, Cd34, Ptgs1 and Ptgs2. The gene expression of Postn, Olr1, Fas, Vldlr, Mmp2, Timp1 and Serpine1 and the protein expression of LOX1 (also known as OLR1) were significantly increased in the middle cerebral arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats compared to Wistar-Kyoto rats. In conclusion, the identified genes in the middle cerebral arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats could be possible mediators of the vascular changes and secondary complications associated with hypertension. This study supports the selection of key genes to investigate in the future research of hypertension-induced end-organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sofie Grell
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Simona Denise Frederiksen
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Saema Ansar
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Plotnikov MB, Aliev OI, Shamanaev AY, Sidekhmenova AV, Anfinogenova Y, Anishchenko AM, Fomina TI, Arkhipov AM. Effects of pentoxifylline on hemodynamic, hemorheological, and microcirculatory parameters in young SHRs during arterial hypertension development. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 39:570-578. [PMID: 28722518 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2017.1291662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The most common form of hypertension in young adults is isolated diastolic hypertension. Diastolic arterial pressure is determined by the total peripheral resistance and depends on both vascular hindrance and blood viscosity. The aim of our work was to study the efficiency of pentoxifylline (PTX) in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) during the development of arterial hypertension. The effects of a treatment course with PTX (100 mg/kg/day p.o. for 6 weeks, from 5 to 11 weeks old) on the mean, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure (BP); stroke volume; cardiac output; total peripheral resistance (TPR); whole blood viscosity (BV); plasma viscosity; hematocrit; RBC aggregation and deformability; local cerebral blood flow (lCBF); and microvascularization of the visual cortex were studied in SHRs in comparison with control SHRs and Wistar Kyoto rats. PTX-treated SHRs had significantly lower systolic, diastolic, and mean BP (by 24%, 26%, and 15%, respectively) and BV (by 5-9%) and a higher erythrocyte deformability index (by 1.5-2%), lCBF (by 42%), average diameter of capillaries (by 11%), density of the capillary network (by 23%), and percentage of capillaries with a diameter of 3-7 µm in comparison with control SHRs. In conclusion, PTX exerted positive effects on the hemodynamic, hemorheological, and microcirculatory parameters in SHRs during the development of arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Plotnikov
- a Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , Tomsk , Russia
| | - Oleg I Aliev
- a Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , Tomsk , Russia
| | - Alexander Y Shamanaev
- a Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , Tomsk , Russia
| | - Anastasia V Sidekhmenova
- a Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , Tomsk , Russia
| | - Yana Anfinogenova
- b Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , Tomsk , Russia.,c RASA Center in Tomsk, Tomsk Polytechnic University , Tomsk , Russia
| | - Anna M Anishchenko
- a Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , Tomsk , Russia
| | - Tatiana I Fomina
- a Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , Tomsk , Russia
| | - Alexander M Arkhipov
- a Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , Tomsk , Russia
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36
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Plotnikov MB, Aliev OI, Sidekhmenova AV, Shamanaev AY, Anishchenko AM, Fomina TI, Chernysheva GA, Smol'yakova VI, Arkhipov AM. Dihydroquercetin Improves Microvascularization and Microcirculation in the Brain Cortex of SHR Rats during the Development of Arterial Hypertension. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 163:57-60. [PMID: 28577102 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dihydroquercetin (50 mg/kg intragastrically daily for 6 weeks) on the density of capillary network (mean number of capillaries per mm2), mean capillary diameter, structure of capillary network, capillary diameter distribution (<3, 3-5, 5-7, and 7-9 μ), and local cerebral blood flow (by laser Doppler) in the visual cortex were studied in SHR rats during the development of arterial hypertension (from the 6th to the 12th week of life). Normally, the systolic and diastolic BP progressively increased in SHR rats during this period. Dihydroquercetin did not affect the development of arterial hypertension. At the same time, the drug significantly increased the mean diameter of capillaries (by 11%), capillary network density (by 23%), and in the percentage of capillaries with a diameter of 3-9 μ (passable for erythrocytes; by 42%). Positive effects of dihydroquercetin on the structure of microcirculatory bed improved microcirculation: local cerebral blood flow in the visual cortex of SHR rats was significantly higher (by 36%) than in rats receiving no flavonoid and close to the value in Wistar-Kyoto rats. Dihydroquercetin improved microvascularization and microcirculation in the cerebral cortex of SHR rats during the formation of arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Plotnikov
- Laboratory of Circulation Pharmacology, E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - O I Aliev
- Laboratory of Circulation Pharmacology, E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A V Sidekhmenova
- Laboratory of Circulation Pharmacology, E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A Yu Shamanaev
- Laboratory of Circulation Pharmacology, E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A M Anishchenko
- Laboratory of Circulation Pharmacology, E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - T I Fomina
- Laboratory of Circulation Pharmacology, E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - G A Chernysheva
- Laboratory of Circulation Pharmacology, E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V I Smol'yakova
- Laboratory of Circulation Pharmacology, E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A M Arkhipov
- Laboratory of Circulation Pharmacology, E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
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Pędzińska-Betiuk A, Weresa J, Toczek M, Baranowska-Kuczko M, Kasacka I, Harasim-Symbor E, Malinowska B. Chronic inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase by URB597 produces differential effects on cardiac performance in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:2114-2129. [PMID: 28437860 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors are postulated to possess anti-hypertensive potential, because their acute injection decreases BP in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), partly through normalization of cardiac contractile function. Here, we examined whether the potential hypotensive effect of chronic FAAH inhibition by URB597 in hypertensive rats correlated with changes in cardiac performance. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Experiments were performed using perfused hearts and left atria isolated from 8- to 10-week-old SHR, age-matched deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt rats and normotensive controls chronically treated with URB597 (1 mg·kg-1 ) or vehicle. KEY RESULTS URB597 decreased BP only in the DOCA-salt rats, along with a reduction of ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic stiffness, determined in hypertension. We also observed normalization of the negative inotropic atrial response to the cannabinoid receptor agonist CP55940. In the SHR model, URB597 normalized (atria) and enhanced (hearts) the positive ino- and chronotropic effects of the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline respectively. Ventricular CB1 and CB2 receptor expression was decreased only in the DOCA-salt model, whereas FAAH expression was reduced in both models. URB597 caused translocation of CB1 receptor immunoreactivity to the intercalated discs in the hearts of SHR. URB597 increased cardiac diastolic stiffness and modified the ino- and lusitropic effects of isoprenaline in normotensive rats. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Hypotensive effect of chronic FAAH inhibition depend on the model of hypertension and partly correlate with improved cardiac performance. In normotensive rats, chronic FAAH inhibition produced several side-effects. Thus, the therapeutic potential of these agents should be interpreted cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pędzińska-Betiuk
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jolanta Weresa
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marek Toczek
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marta Baranowska-Kuczko
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Irena Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Harasim-Symbor
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Malinowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Ragaeva DS, Tikhonova MA, Petrova OM, Igonina TN, Rozkova IN, Brusentsev EY, Amstislavskaya TG, Amstislavsky SY. Neonatal reflexes and behavior in hypertensive rats of ISIAH strain. Physiol Behav 2017; 175:22-30. [PMID: 28341233 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most common diseases in humans, and there is a special concern on the consequences of maternal hypertensive conditions for the health of newborns. An inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension (ISIAH) rat strain has been selected but only a few studies have addressed behavior in these rats. Body weight, neurodevelopmental reflexes, and neuronal density in the hippocampus were compared in ISIAH and normotensive WAG rats during their suckling period. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), adult rat performance in the open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM), and novel object recognition (NOR) tests were evaluated at the age of 12-14weeks old. Body weight in pups did not differ significantly during the suckling period, while adult ISIAH rats were heavier than age-matched WAG rats and possessed the increased SBP and DBP. ISIAH pups were developmentally more advanced than WAG as indicated by grasp reflex and negative geotaxis reaction scores. This was associated with higher neuronal density in CA1 and CA3 hippocampal areas in ISIAH pups on postnatal day 6 as compared to WAG rats. Adult ISIAH rats demonstrated an increased locomotor and exploratory activity in the OF and EPM tests as well as low levels of anxiety. The NOR test revealed no significant difference in recognition but confirmed higher exploratory activity in ISIAH rats compared to WAG rats. The results indicate that hypertensive ISIAH rats feature accelerated development during their suckling period, and as adults, they are more active and less anxious than normotensive WAG rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana S Ragaeva
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics", Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Maria A Tikhonova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics", Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine", Novosibirsk 630117, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Olga M Petrova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics", Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Tatjana N Igonina
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics", Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Irina N Rozkova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics", Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Eugeny Yu Brusentsev
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics", Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Tamara G Amstislavskaya
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics", Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine", Novosibirsk 630117, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Sergey Ya Amstislavsky
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics", Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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Puzserova A, Bernatova I. Blood pressure regulation in stress: focus on nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms. Physiol Res 2017; 65:S309-S342. [PMID: 27775419 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is considered a risk factor associated with the development of various civilization diseases including cardiovascular diseases, malignant tumors and mental disorders. Research investigating mechanisms involved in stress-induced hypertension have attracted much attention of physicians and researchers, however, there are still ambiguous results concerning a causal relationship between stress and long-term elevation of blood pressure (BP). Several studies have observed that mechanisms involved in the development of stress-induced hypertension include increased activity of sympathetic nervous system (SNS), glucocorticoid (GC) overload and altered endothelial function including decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Nitric oxide is well known neurotransmitter, neuromodulator and vasodilator involved in regulation of neuroendocrine mechanisms and cardiovascular responses to stressors. Thus NO plays a crucial role in the regulation of the stress systems and thereby in the BP regulation in stress. Elevated NO synthesis, especially in the initial phase of stress, may be considered a stress-limiting mechanism, facilitating the recovery from stress to the resting levels via attenuation of both GC release and SNS activity as well as by increased NO-dependent vasorelaxation. On the other hand, reduced levels of NO were observed in the later phases of stress and in subjects with genetic predisposition to hypertension, irrespectively, in which reduced NO bioavailability may account for disruption of NO-mediated BP regulatory mechanisms and accentuated SNS and GC effects. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of stress in development of hypertension with a special focus on the interactions among NO and other biological systems affecting blood pressure and vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Puzserova
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Jahandideh F, Chakrabarti S, Majumder K, Li Q, Panahi S, Morton JS, Davidge ST, Wu J. Egg white protein hydrolysate reduces blood pressure, improves vascular relaxation and modifies aortic angiotensin II receptors expression in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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(-)-Epicatechin Prevents Blood Pressure Increase and Reduces Locomotor Hyperactivity in Young Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6949020. [PMID: 27885334 PMCID: PMC5112311 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6949020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of subchronic (−)-epicatechin (Epi) treatment on locomotor activity and hypertension development in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Epi was administered in drinking water (100 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. Epi significantly prevented the development of hypertension (138 ± 2 versus 169 ± 5 mmHg, p < 0.001) and reduced total distance traveled in the open-field test (22 ± 2 versus 35 ± 4 m, p < 0.01). In blood, Epi significantly enhanced erythrocyte deformability, increased total antioxidant capacity, and decreased nitrotyrosine concentration. In the aorta, Epi significantly increased nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) activity and elevated the NO-dependent vasorelaxation. In the left heart ventricle, Epi increased NOS activity without altering gene expressions of nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS. Moreover, Epi reduced superoxide production in the left heart ventricle and the aorta. In the brain, Epi increased nNOS gene expression (in the brainstem and cerebellum) and eNOS expression (in the cerebellum) but had no effect on overall NOS activity. In conclusion, Epi prevented the development of hypertension and reduced locomotor hyperactivity in young SHR. These effects resulted from improved cardiovascular NO bioavailability concurrently with increased erythrocyte deformability, without changes in NO production in the brain.
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Margalef M, Pons Z, Iglesias-Carres L, Quiñones M, Bravo FI, Arola-Arnal A, Muguerza B. Rat health status affects bioavailability, target tissue levels, and bioactivity of grape seed flavanols. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Margalef
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS); TECNIO, CEICS; Reus Spain
| | - Zara Pons
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Lisard Iglesias-Carres
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Mar Quiñones
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
- Department of Physiology; CIMUS; University of Santiago de Compostela - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS); TECNIO, CEICS; Reus Spain
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Vascular structural and functional changes: their association with causality in hypertension: models, remodeling and relevance. Hypertens Res 2016; 40:311-323. [PMID: 27784889 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Essential hypertension is a complex multifactorial disease process that involves the interaction of multiple genes at various loci throughout the genome, and the influence of environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle, to ultimately determine long-term arterial pressure. These factors converge with physiological signaling pathways to regulate the set-point of long-term blood pressure. In hypertension, structural changes in arteries occur and show differences within and between vascular beds, between species, models and sexes. Such changes can also reflect the development of hypertension, and the levels of circulating humoral and vasoactive compounds. The role of perivascular adipose tissue in the modulation of vascular structure under various disease states such as hypertension, obesity and metabolic syndrome is an emerging area of research, and is likely to contribute to the heterogeneity described in this review. Diversity in structure and related function is the norm, with morphological changes being causative in some beds and states, and in others, a consequence of hypertension. Specific animal models of hypertension have advantages and limitations, each with factors influencing the relevance of the model to the human hypertensive state/s. However, understanding the fundamental properties of artery function and how these relate to signalling mechanisms in real (intact) tissues is key for translating isolated cell and model data to have an impact and relevance in human disease etiology. Indeed, the ultimate aim of developing new treatments to correct vascular dysfunction requires understanding and recognition of the limitations of the methodologies used.
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Shamanaev AY, Aliev OI, Anishchenko AM, Sidekhmenova AV, Plotnikov MB. Specificity of the hemodynamic indices’ shift in SHR line rats at different age. Russ J Dev Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360416050088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Renal resistance and long-term blood pressure in individuals genetically predisposed for essential hypertension. J Hypertens 2016; 34:1170-7. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li A, Roy SH, Nattie EE. An augmented CO2 chemoreflex and overactive orexin system are linked with hypertension in young and adult spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Physiol 2016; 594:4967-80. [PMID: 27061304 DOI: 10.1113/jp272199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Activation of central chemoreceptors by CO2 increases sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), arterial blood pressure (ABP) and breathing. These effects are exaggerated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), resulting in an augmented CO2 chemoreflex that affects both breathing and ABP. The augmented CO2 chemoreflex and the high ABP are measureable in young SHRs (postnatal day 30-58) and become greater in adult SHRs. Blockade of orexin receptors can normalize the augmented CO2 chemoreflex and the high ABP in young SHRs and normalize the augmented CO2 chemoreflex and significantly lower the high ABP in adult SHRs. In the hypothalamus, SHRs have more orexin neurons, and a greater proportion of them increase their activity with CO2 . The orexin system is overactive in SHRs and contributes to the augmented CO2 chemoreflex and hypertension. Modulation of the orexin system may be beneficial in the treatment of neurogenic hypertension. ABSTRACT Activation of central chemoreceptors by CO2 increases arterial blood pressure (ABP), sympathetic nerve activity and breathing. In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), high ABP is associated with enhanced sympathetic nerve activity and peripheral chemoreflexes. We hypothesized that an augmented CO2 chemoreflex and overactive orexin system are linked with high ABP in both young (postnatal day 30-58) and adult SHRs (4-6 months). Our main findings are as follows. (i) An augmented CO2 chemoreflex and higher ABP in SHRs are measureable at a young age and increase in adulthood. In wakefulness, the ventilatory response to normoxic hypercapnia is higher in young SHRs (mean ± SEM: 179 ± 11% increase) than in age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (114 ± 9% increase), but lower than in adult SHRs (226 ± 10% increase; P < 0.05). The resting ABP is higher in young SHRs (122 ± 5 mmHg) than in age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (99 ± 5 mmHg), but lower than in adult SHRs (152 ± 4 mmHg; P < 0.05). (ii) Spontaneously hypertensive rats have more orexin neurons and more CO2 -activated orexin neurons in the hypothalamus. (iii) Antagonism of orexin receptors with a dual orexin receptor antagonist, almorexant, normalizes the augmented CO2 chemoreflex in young and adult SHRs and the high ABP in young SHRs and significantly lowers ABP in adult SHRs. (iv) Attenuation of peripheral chemoreflexes by hyperoxia does not abolish the augmented CO2 chemoreflex (breathing and ABP) in SHRs, which indicates an important role for the central chemoreflex. We suggest that an overactive orexin system may play an important role in the augmented central CO2 chemoreflex and in the development of hypertension in SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Li
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Sarah H Roy
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Eugene E Nattie
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
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Shirakura T, Nomura J, Matsui C, Kobayashi T, Tamura M, Masuzaki H. Febuxostat, a novel xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor, improves hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:831-8. [PMID: 27198514 PMCID: PMC4939152 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an enzyme responsible for the production of uric acid. XO produces considerable amount of oxidative stress throughout the body. To date, however, its pathophysiologic role in hypertension and endothelial dysfunction still remains controversial. To explore the possible involvement of XO-derived oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of vascular dysfunction, by use of a selective XO inhibitor, febuxostat, we investigated the impact of pharmacological inhibition of XO on hypertension and vascular endothelial dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Sixteen-week-old SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated with tap water (control) or water containing febuxostat (3 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) in febuxostat-treated SHR (220 ± 3 mmHg) was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased compared with the control SHR (236 ± 4 mmHg) while SBP in febuxostat-treated WKY was constant. Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation in aortas from febuxostat-treated SHR was significantly (P < 0.05) improved compared with the control SHR, whereas relaxation in response to sodium nitroprusside was not changed. Vascular XO activity and tissue nitrotyrosine level, a representative indicator of local oxidative stress, were considerably elevated in the control SHR compared with the control WKY, and this increment was abolished by febuxostat. Our results suggest that exaggerated XO activity and resultant increase in oxidative stress in this experimental model contribute to the hypertension and endothelial dysfunction, thereby supporting a notion that pharmacological inhibition of XO is valuable not only for hyperuricemia but also for treating hypertension and related endothelial dysfunction in human clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shirakura
- Pharmaceutical Development Research Laboratories, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Ltd., 4-3-2, Asahigaoka, Hino, 191-852, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Johji Nomura
- Pharmaceutical Development Research Laboratories, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Ltd., 4-3-2, Asahigaoka, Hino, 191-852, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chieko Matsui
- Pharmaceutical Development Research Laboratories, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Ltd., 4-3-2, Asahigaoka, Hino, 191-852, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsunefumi Kobayashi
- Pharmaceutical Development Research Laboratories, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Ltd., 4-3-2, Asahigaoka, Hino, 191-852, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuho Tamura
- Pharmaceutical Development Research Laboratories, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Ltd., 4-3-2, Asahigaoka, Hino, 191-852, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
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Vokurková M, Rauchová H, Řezáčová L, Vaněčková I, Zicha J. ROS production is increased in the kidney but not in the brain of Dahl rats with salt hypertension elicited in adulthood. Physiol Res 2016; 64:303-12. [PMID: 26066975 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhanced production of superoxide radicals by nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in the brain and/or kidney of salt hypertensive Dahl rats has been proposed to participate in the pathogenesis of this form of experimental hypertension. Most information was obtained in young Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats subjected to high salt intake prior to sexual maturation. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate whether salt hypertension induced in adult DS rats is also accompanied with a more pronounced oxidative stress in the brain or kidney as compared to Dahl salt-resistant (DR) controls. NADPH oxidase activity as well as the content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and conjugated dienes (oxidative index), which indicate a degree of lipid peroxidation, were evaluated in two brain regions (containing either hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus or rostral ventrolateral medulla) as well as in renal medulla and cortex. High salt intake induced hypertension in DS rats but did not modify blood pressure in DR rats. DS and DR rats did not differ in NADPH oxidase-dependent production of ROS, TBARS content or oxidative index in either part of the brain. In addition, high-salt diet did not change significantly any of these brain parameters. In contrast, the enhanced NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS production (without significant signs of increased lipid peroxidation) was detected in the renal medulla of salt hypertensive DS rats. Our findings suggest that there are no signs of enhanced oxidative stress in the brain of adult Dahl rats with salt hypertension induced in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vokurková
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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49
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Johnson AK, Zhang Z, Clayton SC, Beltz TG, Hurley SW, Thunhorst RL, Xue B. The roles of sensitization and neuroplasticity in the long-term regulation of blood pressure and hypertension. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R1309-25. [PMID: 26290101 PMCID: PMC4698407 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00037.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
After decades of investigation, the causes of essential hypertension remain obscure. The contribution of the nervous system has been excluded by some on the basis that baroreceptor mechanisms maintain blood pressure only over the short term. However, this point of view ignores one of the most powerful contributions of the brain in maintaining biological fitness-specifically, the ability to promote adaptation of behavioral and physiological responses to cope with new challenges and maintain this new capacity through processes involving neuroplasticity. We present a body of recent findings demonstrating that prior, short-term challenges can induce persistent changes in the central nervous system to result in an enhanced blood pressure response to hypertension-eliciting stimuli. This sensitized hypertensinogenic state is maintained in the absence of the inducing stimuli, and it is accompanied by sustained upregulation of components of the brain renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and other molecular changes recognized to be associated with central nervous system neuroplasticity. Although the heritability of hypertension is high, it is becoming increasingly clear that factors beyond just genes contribute to the etiology of this disease. Life experiences and attendant changes in cellular and molecular components in the neural network controlling sympathetic tone can enhance the hypertensive response to recurrent, sustained, or new stressors. Although the epigenetic mechanisms that allow the brain to be reprogrammed in the face of challenges to cardiovascular homeostasis can be adaptive, this capacity can also be maladaptive under conditions present in different evolutionary eras or ontogenetic periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Kim Johnson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Zhongming Zhang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Nanyang Institute of Technology, Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Sarah C Clayton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Terry G Beltz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Seth W Hurley
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Robert L Thunhorst
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Baojian Xue
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
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50
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KUNEŠ J, VANĚČKOVÁ I, MIKULÁŠKOVÁ B, BEHULIAK M, MALETÍNSKÁ L, ZICHA J. Epigenetics and a New Look on Metabolic Syndrome. Physiol Res 2015; 64:611-20. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of metabolic syndrome increases in the developed countries, therefore biomedical research is focused on the understanding of its etiology. The study of exact mechanisms is very complicated because both genetic and environmental factors contribute to this complex disease. The ability of environmental factors to promote phenotype changes by epigenetic DNA modifications (i.e. DNA methylation, histone modifications) was demonstrated to play an important role in the development and predisposition to particular symptoms of metabolic syndrome. There is no doubt that the early life, such as the fetal and perinatal periods, is critical for metabolic syndrome development and therefore critical for prevention of this disease. Moreover, these changes are visible not only in individuals exposed to environmental factors but also in the subsequent progeny for multiple generations and this phenomenon is called transgenerational inheritance. The knowledge of molecular mechanisms, by which early minor environmental stimuli modify the expression of genetic information, might be the desired key for the understanding of mechanisms leading to the change of phenotype in adulthood. This review provides a short overview of metabolic syndrome epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. KUNEŠ
- Institute of Physiology CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
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