1
|
Grecu M, Henea ME, Rîmbu CM, Simion C, Şindilar EV, Solcan G. The Bacteriophages Therapy of Interdigital Pyoderma Complicated by Cellulitis with Antibiotic-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Dog-Case Report. Vet Sci 2023; 10:642. [PMID: 37999465 PMCID: PMC10675310 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10110642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly pathogenic bacterium with high pathogenicity, that can cause serious infections in all species and especially in dogs. Treatment of the infection induced by this bacterium can be a challenge considering that some strains have developed resistance to most classes of antimicrobials. The use of bacteriophages to alleviate infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa has demonstrated their potential for both internal and external applications. This study aimed to illustrate the treatment with bacteriophages in bacterially complicated skin lesions that do not respond to antimicrobial therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Grecu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania; (M.G.); (M.-E.H.)
| | - Mădălina-Elena Henea
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania; (M.G.); (M.-E.H.)
| | - Cristina Mihaela Rîmbu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Cătălina Simion
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Eusebiu-Viorel Şindilar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Gheorghe Solcan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karn SL, Gangwar M, Kumar R, Bhartiya SK, Nath G. Phage therapy: a revolutionary shift in the management of bacterial infections, pioneering new horizons in clinical practice, and reimagining the arsenal against microbial pathogens. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1209782. [PMID: 37928478 PMCID: PMC10620811 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1209782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent approval of experimental phage therapies by the FDA and other regulatory bodies with expanded access in cases in the United States and other nations caught the attention of the media and the general public, generating enthusiasm for phage therapy. It started to alter the situation so that more medical professionals are willing to use phage therapies with conventional antibiotics. However, more study is required to fully comprehend phage therapy's potential advantages and restrictions, which is still a relatively new field in medicine. It shows promise, nevertheless, as a secure and prosperous substitute for antibiotics when treating bacterial illnesses in animals and humans. Because of their uniqueness, phage disinfection is excellent for ready-to-eat (RTE) foods like milk, vegetables, and meat products. The traditional farm-to-fork method can be used throughout the food chain to employ bacteriophages to prevent food infections at all production stages. Phage therapy improves clinical outcomes in animal models and lowers bacterial burdens in numerous preclinical investigations. The potential of phage resistance and the need to make sure that enough phages are delivered to the infection site are obstacles to employing phages in vivo. However, according to preclinical studies, phages appear to be a promising alternative to antibiotics for treating bacterial infections in vivo. Phage therapy used with compassion (a profound understanding of and empathy for another's suffering) has recently grown with many case reports of supposedly treated patients and clinical trials. This review summarizes the knowledge on the uses of phages in various fields, such as the food industry, preclinical research, and clinical settings. It also includes a list of FDA-approved bacteriophage-based products, commercial phage products, and a global list of companies that use phages for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Lal Karn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mayank Gangwar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Satyanam Kumar Bhartiya
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Gopal Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Su Y, Yrastorza JT, Matis M, Cusick J, Zhao S, Wang G, Xie J. Biofilms: Formation, Research Models, Potential Targets, and Methods for Prevention and Treatment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203291. [PMID: 36031384 PMCID: PMC9561771 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Due to the continuous rise in biofilm-related infections, biofilms seriously threaten human health. The formation of biofilms makes conventional antibiotics ineffective and dampens immune clearance. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms of biofilm formation and develop novel strategies to treat biofilms more effectively. This review article begins with an introduction to biofilm formation in various clinical scenarios and their corresponding therapy. Established biofilm models used in research are then summarized. The potential targets which may assist in the development of new strategies for combating biofilms are further discussed. The novel technologies developed recently for the prevention and treatment of biofilms including antimicrobial surface coatings, physical removal of biofilms, development of new antimicrobial molecules, and delivery of antimicrobial agents are subsequently presented. Finally, directions for future studies are pointed out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Su
- Department of Surgery‐Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine ProgramCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Jaime T. Yrastorza
- Department of Surgery‐Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine ProgramCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Mitchell Matis
- Department of Surgery‐Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine ProgramCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Jenna Cusick
- Department of Surgery‐Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine ProgramCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Siwei Zhao
- Department of Surgery‐Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine ProgramCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery‐Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine ProgramCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
- Department of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringCollege of EngineeringUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the bacteria that cause serious infections due to resistance to many antibiotics can be fatal in severe cases. Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health concern. To solve this problem, interest in phage therapy has revived; some studies are being developed to try to prove the effectiveness of this therapy. Thus, in this opinion article, several historical aspects are addressed as well some applications of phage therapy against P. aeruginosa.
Collapse
|
5
|
Aljabali AAA, Al Zoubi MS, Al-Batayneh KM, Pardhi DM, Dua K, Pal K, Tambuwala MM. Innovative Applications of Plant Viruses in Drug Targeting and Molecular Imaging- A Review. Curr Med Imaging 2021; 17:491-506. [PMID: 33030133 DOI: 10.2174/1573405616666201007160243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nature had already engineered various types of nanoparticles (NPs), especially viruses, which can deliver their cargo to the host/targeted cells. The ability to selectively target specific cells offers a significant advantage over the conventional approach. Numerous organic NPs, including native protein cages, virus-like particles, polymeric saccharides, and liposomes, have been used for the preparation of nanoparticles. Such nanomaterials have demonstrated better performance as well as improved biocompatibility, devoid of side effects, and stable without any deterioration. OBJECTIVE This review discusses current clinical and scientific research on naturally occurring nanomaterials. It also illustrates and updates the tailor-made approaches for selective delivery and targeted medications that require a high-affinity interconnection to the targeted cells. METHODS A comprehensive search was performed using keywords for viral nanoparticles, viral particles for drug delivery, viral nanoparticles for molecular imaging, theranostics applications of viral nanoparticles and plant viruses in nanomedicine. We searched on Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer, Medline, and Elsevier from 2000 till date and by the bibliographic review of all identified articles. RESULTS The findings demonstrated that structures dependent on nanomaterials might have potential applications in diagnostics, cell marking, comparing agents (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging), and antimicrobial drugs, as well as drug delivery structures. However, measures should be taken in order to prevent or mitigate, in pharmaceutical or medical applications, the toxic impact or incompatibility of nanoparticle-based structures with biological systems. CONCLUSION The review provided an overview of the latest advances in nanotechnology, outlining the difficulties and the advantages of in vivo and in vitro structures that are focused on a specific subset of the natural nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University - Faculty of Pharmacy, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mazhar S Al Zoubi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University - Faculty of Medicine, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khalid M Al-Batayneh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University - Faculty of Science, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Dinesh M Pardhi
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FL-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kaushik Pal
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitaria, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
A Tailspike with Exopolysaccharide Depolymerase Activity from a New Providencia stuartii Phage Makes Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Susceptible to Serum-Mediated Killing. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00073-20. [PMID: 32357999 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00073-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Providencia stuartii is emerging as a significant drug-resistant nosocomial pathogen, which encourages the search for alternative therapies. Here, we have isolated Providencia stuartii phage Stuart, a novel podovirus infecting multidrug-resistant hospital isolates of this bacterium. Phage Stuart is a proposed member of a new Autographivirinae subfamily genus, with a 41,218-bp genome, direct 345-bp repeats at virion DNA ends, and limited sequence similarity of proteins to proteins in databases. Twelve out of the 52 predicted Stuart proteins are virion components. We found one to be a tailspike with depolymerase activity. The tailspike could form a highly thermostable oligomeric β-structure migrating close to the expected trimer in a nondenaturing gel. It appeared to be essential for the infection of three out of four P. stuartii hosts infected by phage Stuart. Moreover, it degraded the exopolysaccharide of relevant phage Stuart hosts, making the bacteria susceptible to serum killing. Prolonged exposure of a sensitive host to the tailspike did not cause the emergence of bacteria resistant to the phage or to serum killing, opposite to the prolonged exposure to the phage. This indicates that phage tail-associated depolymerases are attractive antivirulence agents that could complement the immune system in the fight with P. stuartii IMPORTANCE The pace at which multidrug-resistant strains emerge has been alarming. P. stuartii is an infrequent but relevant drug-resistant nosocomial pathogen causing local to systemic life-threatening infections. We propose an alternative approach to fight this bacterium based on the properties of phage tailspikes with depolymerase activity that degrade the surface bacterial polymers, making the bacteria susceptible to the immune system. Unlike antibiotics, phage tailspikes have narrow and specific substrate spectra, and by acting as antivirulent but not bactericidal agents they do not cause the selection of resistant bacteria.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
To formulate the optimal strategy of combatting bacterial biofilms, in this review we update current knowledge on the growing problem of biofilm formation and its resistance to antibiotics which has spurred the search for new strategies to deal with this complication. Based on recent findings, the role of bacteriophages in the prevention and elimination of biofilm-related infections has been emphasized. In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo biofilm treatment models with single bacteriophages or phage cocktails have been compared. A combined use of bacteriophages with antibiotics in vitro or in vivo confirms earlier reports of the synergistic effect of these agents in improving biofilm removal. Furthermore, studies on the application of phage-derived lysins in vitro, ex vivo or in vivo against biofilm-related infections are encouraging. The strategy of combined use of phage and antibiotics seems to be different from using lysins and antibiotics. These findings suggest that phages and lysins alone or in combination with antibiotics may be an efficient weapon against biofilm formation in vivo and ex vivo, which could be useful in formulating novel strategies to combat bacterial infections. Those findings proved to be relevant in the prevention and destruction of biofilms occurring during urinary tract infections, orthopedic implant-related infections, periodontal and peri-implant infections. In conclusion, it appears that most efficient strategy of eliminating biofilms involves phages or lysins in combination with antibiotics, but the optimal scheme of their administration requires further studies.
Collapse
|
8
|
Sokullu E, Soleymani Abyaneh H, Gauthier MA. Plant/Bacterial Virus-Based Drug Discovery, Drug Delivery, and Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E211. [PMID: 31058814 PMCID: PMC6572107 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses have recently emerged as promising nanomaterials for biotechnological applications. One of the most important applications of viruses is phage display, which has already been employed to identify a broad range of potential therapeutic peptides and antibodies, as well as other biotechnologically relevant polypeptides (including protease inhibitors, minimizing proteins, and cell/organ targeting peptides). Additionally, their high stability, easily modifiable surface, and enormous diversity in shape and size, distinguish viruses from synthetic nanocarriers used for drug delivery. Indeed, several plant and bacterial viruses (e.g., phages) have been investigated and applied as drug carriers. The ability to remove the genetic material within the capsids of some plant viruses and phages produces empty viral-like particles that are replication-deficient and can be loaded with therapeutic agents. This review summarizes the current applications of plant viruses and phages in drug discovery and as drug delivery systems and includes a discussion of the present status of virus-based materials in clinical research, alongside the observed challenges and opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esen Sokullu
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - Hoda Soleymani Abyaneh
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - Marc A Gauthier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hyman P. Phages for Phage Therapy: Isolation, Characterization, and Host Range Breadth. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E35. [PMID: 30862020 PMCID: PMC6469166 DOI: 10.3390/ph12010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
For a bacteriophage to be useful for phage therapy it must be both isolated from the environment and shown to have certain characteristics beyond just killing strains of the target bacterial pathogen. These include desirable characteristics such as a relatively broad host range and a lack of other characteristics such as carrying toxin genes and the ability to form a lysogen. While phages are commonly isolated first and subsequently characterized, it is possible to alter isolation procedures to bias the isolation toward phages with desirable characteristics. Some of these variations are regularly used by some groups while others have only been shown in a few publications. In this review I will describe (1) isolation procedures and variations that are designed to isolate phages with broader host ranges, (2) characterization procedures used to show that a phage may have utility in phage therapy, including some of the limits of such characterization, and (3) results of a survey and discussion with phage researchers in industry and academia on the practice of characterization of phages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hyman
- Department of Biology/Toxicology, Ashland University, 401 College Ave., Ashland, OH 44805, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Res Vet Sci 2019; 122:81-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
11
|
Kropinski AM. Bacteriophage research - What we have learnt and what still needs to be addressed. Res Microbiol 2018; 169:481-487. [PMID: 29777837 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Research on bacteriophages has significantly enhanced our understanding of molecular biology, the genomes of prokaryotic cells, and viral ecology. Phages and lysins offer a viable alternative to the declining utility of antibiotics in this post-antibiotic era. They also provide ideal teaching tools for genomics and bioinformatics. This article touches on the first 100 years of phage research with the author commenting on what he thinks are the highlights, and what needs to be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Kropinski
- Departments of Food Science and Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 1W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ju Z, Sun W. Drug delivery vectors based on filamentous bacteriophages and phage-mimetic nanoparticles. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1898-1908. [PMID: 29191048 PMCID: PMC8241185 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1410259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of nanomedicine, a mass of nanocarriers have been exploited and utilized for targeted drug delivery, including liposomes, polymers, nanoparticles, viruses, and stem cells. Due to huge surface bearing capacity and flexible genetic engineering property, filamentous bacteriophage and phage-mimetic nanoparticles are attracting more and more attentions. As a rod-like bio-nanofiber without tropism to mammalian cells, filamentous phage can be easily loaded with drugs and directly delivered to the lesion location. In particular, chemical drugs can be conjugated on phage surface by chemical modification, and gene drugs can also be inserted into the genome of phage by recombinant DNA technology. Meanwhile, specific peptides/proteins displayed on the phage surface are able to conjugate with nanoparticles which will endow them specific-targeting and huge drug-loading capacity. Additionally, phage peptides/proteins can directly self-assemble into phage-mimetic nanoparticles which may be applied for self-navigating drug delivery nanovehicles. In this review, we summarize the production of phage particles, the identification of targeting peptides, and the recent applications of filamentous bacteriophages as well as their protein/peptide for targeting drug delivery in vitro and in vivo. The improvement of our understanding of filamentous bacteriophage and phage-mimetic nanoparticles will supply new tools for biotechnological approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Ju
- Medicine College, Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Huaxi university town, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, College of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Huaxi university town, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Oliveira H, Pinto G, Oliveira A, Oliveira C, Faustino MA, Briers Y, Domingues L, Azeredo J. Characterization and genome sequencing of a Citrobacter freundii phage CfP1 harboring a lysin active against multidrug-resistant isolates. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:10543-10553. [PMID: 27683211 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7858-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Citrobacter spp., although frequently ignored, is emerging as an important nosocomial bacterium able to cause various superficial and systemic life-threatening infections. Considered to be hard-to-treat bacterium due to its pattern of high antibiotic resistance, it is important to develop effective measures for early and efficient therapy. In this study, the first myovirus (vB_CfrM_CfP1) lytic for Citrobacter freundii was microbiologically and genomically characterized. Its morphology, activity spectrum, burst size, and biophysical stability spectrum were determined. CfP1 specifically infects C. freundii, has broad host range (>85 %; 21 strains tested), a burst size of 45 PFU/cell, and is very stable under different temperatures (-20 to 50 °C) and pH (3 to 11) values. CfP1 demonstrated to be highly virulent against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates up to 12 antibiotics, including penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and fluroquinoles. Genomically, CfP1 has a dsDNA molecule with 180,219 bp with average GC content of 43.1 % and codes for 273 CDSs. The genome architecture is organized into function-specific gene clusters typical for tailed phages, sharing 46 to 94 % nucleotide identity to other Citrobacter phages. The lysin gene encoding a predicted D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase was also cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and its activity evaluated in terms of pH, ionic strength, and temperature. The lysine optimum activity was reached at 20 mM HEPES, pH 7 at 37 °C, and was able to significantly reduce all C. freundii (>2 logs) as well as Citrobacter koseri (>4 logs) strains tested. Interestingly, the antimicrobial activity of this enzyme was performed without the need of pretreatment with outer membrane-destabilizing agents. These results indicate that CfP1 lysin is a good candidate to control problematic Citrobacter infections, for which current antibiotics are no longer effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Oliveira
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Graça Pinto
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Oliveira
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carla Oliveira
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Yves Briers
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 21, Box 2462, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Applied Biosciences, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwijckweg 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucília Domingues
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Azeredo
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shen M, Le S, Jin X, Li G, Tan Y, Li M, Zhao X, Shen W, Yang Y, Wang J, Zhu H, Li S, Rao X, Hu F, Lu S. Characterization and Comparative Genomic Analyses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Phage PaoP5: New Members Assigned to PAK_P1-like Viruses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34067. [PMID: 27659070 PMCID: PMC5034324 DOI: 10.1038/srep34067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
As a potential alternative to antibiotics, phages can be used to treat multi-drug resistant bacteria. As such, the biological characteristics of phages should be investigated to utilize them as effective antimicrobial agents. In this study, phage PaoP5, a lytic virus that infects Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, was isolated and genomically characterized. PaoP5 comprises an icosahedral head with an apex diameter of 69 nm and a contractile tail with a length of 120 nm. The PaoP5 genome is a linear dsDNA molecule containing 93,464 base pairs (bp) with 49.51% G + C content of 11 tRNA genes and a 1,200 bp terminal redundancy. A total of 176 protein-coding genes were predicted in the PaoP5 genome. Nine PaoP5 structural proteins were identified. Three hypothetical proteins were determined as structural. Comparative genomic analyses revealed that seven new Pseudomonas phages, namely, PaoP5, K8, C11, vB_PaeM_C2-10_Ab02, vB_PaeM_C2-10_Ab08, vB_PaeM_C2-10_Ab10, and vB_PaeM_C2-10_Ab15, were similar to PAK_P1-like viruses. Phylogenetic and pan-genome analyses suggested that the new phages should be assigned to PAK_P1-like viruses, which possess approximately 100 core genes and 150 accessory genes. This work presents a detailed and comparative analysis of PaoP5 to enhance our understanding of phage biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Shen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shuai Le
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaolin Jin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yinling Tan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hongbin Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiancai Rao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fuquan Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shuguang Lu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nakonieczna A, Cooper CJ, Gryko R. Bacteriophages and bacteriophage-derived endolysins as potential therapeutics to combat Gram-positive spore forming bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:620-31. [PMID: 26109320 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery in 1915, bacteriophages have been routinely used within Eastern Europe to treat a variety of bacterial infections. Although initially ignored by the West due to the success of antibiotics, increasing levels and diversity of antibiotic resistance is driving a renaissance for bacteriophage-derived therapy, which is in part due to the highly specific nature of bacteriophages as well as their relative abundance. This review focuses on the bacteriophages and derived lysins of relevant Gram-positive spore formers within the Bacillus cereus group and Clostridium genus that could have applications within the medical, food and environmental sectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Nakonieczna
- Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Center of the Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Pulawy, Poland
| | - C J Cooper
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Gryko
- Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Center of the Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Pulawy, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Das M, Bhowmick TS, Ahern SJ, Young R, Gonzalez CF. Control of Pierce's Disease by Phage. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128902. [PMID: 26107261 PMCID: PMC4479439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pierce's Disease (PD) of grapevines, caused by Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa (Xf), is a limiting factor in the cultivation of grapevines in the US. There are presently no effective control methods to prevent or treat PD. The therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of a phage cocktail composed of four virulent (lytic) phages was evaluated for control of PD. Xf levels in grapevines were significantly reduced in therapeutically or prophylactically treated grapevines. PD symptoms ceased to progress one week post-therapeutic treatment and symptoms were not observed in prophylactically treated grapevines. Cocktail phage levels increased in grapevines in the presence of the host. No in planta phage-resistant Xf isolates were obtained. Moreover, Xf mutants selected for phage resistance in vitro did not cause PD symptoms. Our results indicate that phages have great potential for biocontrol of PD and other economically important diseases caused by Xylella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayukh Das
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Phage Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tushar Suvra Bhowmick
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Phage Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Ahern
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Phage Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ry Young
- Center for Phage Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Carlos F. Gonzalez
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Phage Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Endersen L, Guinane CM, Johnston C, Neve H, Coffey A, Ross RP, McAuliffe O, O'Mahony J. Genome analysis of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 reveals an endolysin with potential for biocontrol of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. J Gen Virol 2014; 96:463-477. [PMID: 25371517 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.068494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages and their derivatives are continuously gaining impetus as viable alternative therapeutic agents to control harmful multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens, particularly in the food industry. The reduced efficacy of conventional antibiotics has resulted in a quest to find novel alternatives in the war against infectious disease. This study describes the full-genome sequence of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1, with subsequent cloning and expression of its endolysin, capable of hydrolysing Gram-negative peptidoglycan. Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 is composed of 42 205 bp of dsDNA with a G+C content of 46.1 mol%. A total of 57 ORFs were identified of which 18 could be assigned a putative function based on similarity to characterized proteins. The genome of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 showed little similarity to any other bacteriophage genomes available in the database and thus was considered unique. In addition, functional analysis of the predicted endolysin (LysSs1) was also investigated. Zymographic experiments demonstrated the hydrolytic activity of LysSs1 against Gram-negative peptidoglycan, and this endolysin thus represents a novel candidate with potential for use against Gram-negative pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Endersen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caitriona M Guinane
- Biotechnology Department, Teagasc, Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Horst Neve
- Department of Microbiology, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Hermann-Weigmann-Strasse 1, Kiel, Germany
| | - Aidan Coffey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- Biotechnology Department, Teagasc, Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Olivia McAuliffe
- Biotechnology Department, Teagasc, Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Jim O'Mahony
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, being opportunistic pathogens, are the major cause of nosocomial infections and, in some cases, the primary cause of death. They are virtually untreatable with currently known antibiotics. Phage therapy is considered as one of the possible approaches to the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections. Difficulties in the implementation of phage therapy in medical practice are related, for example, to the insufficient number and diversity of virulent phages that are active against P. aeruginosa. Results of interaction of therapeutic phages with bacteria in different conditions and environments are studied insufficiently. A little is known about possible interactions of therapeutic phages with resident prophages and plasmids in clinical strains in the foci of infections. This chapter highlights the different approaches to solving these problems and possible ways to expand the diversity of therapeutic P. aeruginosa phages and organizational arrangements (as banks of phages) to ensure long-term use of phages in the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor N Krylov
- Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines & Sera, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Santos SB, Carvalho C, Azeredo J, Ferreira EC. Population dynamics of a Salmonella lytic phage and its host: implications of the host bacterial growth rate in modelling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102507. [PMID: 25051248 PMCID: PMC4106826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and impact of bacteriophages in the ecology of bacterial communities coupled with their ability to control pathogens turn essential to understand and predict the dynamics between phage and bacteria populations. To achieve this knowledge it is essential to develop mathematical models able to explain and simulate the population dynamics of phage and bacteria. We have developed an unstructured mathematical model using delay-differential equations to predict the interactions between a broad-host-range Salmonella phage and its pathogenic host. The model takes into consideration the main biological parameters that rule phage-bacteria interactions likewise the adsorption rate, latent period, burst size, bacterial growth rate, and substrate uptake rate, among others. The experimental validation of the model was performed with data from phage-interaction studies in a 5 L bioreactor. The key and innovative aspect of the model was the introduction of variations in the latent period and adsorption rate values that are considered as constants in previous developed models. By modelling the latent period as a normal distribution of values and the adsorption rate as a function of the bacterial growth rate it was possible to accurately predict the behaviour of the phage-bacteria population. The model was shown to predict simulated data with a good agreement with the experimental observations and explains how a lytic phage and its host bacteria are able to coexist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sílvio B. Santos
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carla Carvalho
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Azeredo
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hargreaves KR, Clokie MRJ. Clostridium difficile phages: still difficult? Front Microbiol 2014; 5:184. [PMID: 24808893 PMCID: PMC4009436 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phages that infect Clostridium difficile were first isolated for typing purposes in the 1980s, but their use was short lived. However, the rise of C. difficile epidemics over the last decade has triggered a resurgence of interest in using phages to combat this pathogen. Phage therapy is an attractive treatment option for C. difficile infection, however, developing suitable phages is challenging. In this review we summarize the difficulties faced by researchers in this field, and we discuss the solutions and strategies used for the development of C. difficile phages for use as novel therapeutics. Epidemiological data has highlighted the diversity and distribution of C. difficile, and shown that novel strains continue to emerge in clinical settings. In parallel with epidemiological studies, advances in molecular biology have bolstered our understanding of C. difficile biology, and our knowledge of phage–host interactions in other bacterial species. These three fields of biology have therefore paved the way for future work on C. difficile phages to progress and develop. Benefits of using C. difficile phages as therapeutic agents include the fact that they have highly specific interactions with their bacterial hosts. Studies also show that they can reduce bacterial numbers in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Genetic analysis has revealed the genomic diversity among these phages and provided an insight into their taxonomy and evolution. No strictly virulent C. difficile phages have been reported and this contributes to the difficulties with their therapeutic exploitation. Although treatment approaches using the phage-encoded endolysin protein have been explored, the benefits of using “whole-phages” are such that they remain a major research focus. Whilst we don’t envisage working with C. difficile phages will be problem-free, sufficient study should inform future strategies to facilitate their development to combat this problematic pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Hargreaves
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester Leicester, UK
| | - Martha R J Clokie
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Endersen L, O'Mahony J, Hill C, Ross RP, McAuliffe O, Coffey A. Phage Therapy in the Food Industry. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2014; 5:327-49. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030713-092415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Endersen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland; , ,
| | - Jim O'Mahony
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland; , ,
| | - Colin Hill
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre and Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland;
| | - R. Paul Ross
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre and Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland;
- Biotechnology Department, Moorepark Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland; ,
| | - Olivia McAuliffe
- Biotechnology Department, Moorepark Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland; ,
| | - Aidan Coffey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland; , ,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Characterization of AmiBA2446, a novel bacteriolytic enzyme active against Bacillus species. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:5899-906. [PMID: 23872558 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02235-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There continues to be a need for developing efficient and environmentally friendly treatments for Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax. One emerging approach for inactivation of vegetative B. anthracis is the use of bacteriophage endolysins or lytic enzymes encoded by bacterial genomes (autolysins) with highly evolved specificity toward bacterium-specific peptidoglycan cell walls. In this work, we performed in silico analysis of the genome of Bacillus anthracis strain Ames, using a consensus binding domain amino acid sequence as a probe, and identified a novel lytic enzyme that we termed AmiBA2446. This enzyme exists as a homodimer, as determined by size exclusion studies. It possesses N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase activity, as determined from liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of muropeptides released due to the enzymatic digestion of peptidoglycan. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that AmiBA2446 was an autolysin of bacterial origin. We characterized the effects of enzyme concentration and phase of bacterial growth on bactericidal activity and observed close to a 5-log reduction in the viability of cells of Bacillus cereus 4342, a surrogate for B. anthracis. We further tested the bactericidal activity of AmiBA2446 against various Bacillus species and demonstrated significant activity against B. anthracis and B. cereus strains. We also demonstrated activity against B. anthracis spores after pretreatment with germinants. AmiBA2446 enzyme was also stable in solution, retaining its activity after 4 months of storage at room temperature.
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu S, Zachary E, Wells K, Loc-Carrillo C. Phage Therapy: Future Inquiries. POSTDOC JOURNAL : A JOURNAL OF POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCH AND POSTDOCTORAL AFFAIRS 2013; 1:24-35. [PMID: 28286802 PMCID: PMC5342839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Western scientists have steadily been gaining interest in phage therapy since the mid-1980's due to the rising problem of antibiotic resistance. Its introduction in the 20th century by Felix d'Herelle marked the beginning for the uses of bacteriophages as antibacterial agents. However, a lack in understanding phage biology, as well as the arrival of broad-spectrum antibiotics deprioritized using phage therapy to treat bacterial infections in the West. With the advent of molecular biology, we are now better able to understand the predator-prey relationships with which phage co-evolve with their hosts as well as the specificity of phage-host interactions which could lend itself into personalized treatments for infection. These discoveries give us greater insights on how to most effectively use bacteriophage as potential therapeutic agents. It is encouraging to note that bacteriophages are used as food additives in the U.S., suggesting that the FDA acknowledges the positive potential of bacteriophages for human applications. Unfortunately, there are only a few examples to date of bacteriophages used on humans in controlled clinical trials. Rigorous studies in-vitro and especially in-vivo are critically important to avoid the mishaps of our predecessors. Phage biologists must strive to meet regulatory standards and to design thorough, rugged studies in order to establish a substantiated need for phage therapy in health care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Elisabeth Zachary
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Keenan Wells
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abbasifar R, Kropinski AM, Sabour PM, Ackermann HW, Alanis Villa A, Abbasifar A, Griffiths MW. The Genome of Cronobacter sakazakii Bacteriophage vB_CsaP_GAP227 Suggests a New Genus within the Autographivirinae. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2013; 1:e00122-12. [PMID: 23409275 PMCID: PMC3569369 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00122-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The genome of Cronobacter sakazakii podovirus vB_CsaP_GAP227 was fully sequenced. The DNA of this lytic phage consists of 41,796 bp and has a G+C content of 55.7%. Forty-nine open reading frames and no tRNAs were identified. This phage is related to Yersinia phages ϕR8-01 and ϕ80-18 and Aeromonas phage phiAS7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Abbasifar
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew M. Kropinski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Parviz M. Sabour
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph Food Research Centre, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hans-Wolfgang Ackermann
- Department of Microbiology-Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Argentina Alanis Villa
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arash Abbasifar
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mansel W. Griffiths
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Krylov V, Shaburova O, Krylov S, Pleteneva E. A genetic approach to the development of new therapeutic phages to fight pseudomonas aeruginosa in wound infections. Viruses 2012; 5:15-53. [PMID: 23344559 PMCID: PMC3564109 DOI: 10.3390/v5010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a frequent participant in wound infections. Emergence of multiple antibiotic resistant strains has created significant problems in the treatment of infected wounds. Phage therapy (PT) has been proposed as a possible alternative approach. Infected wounds are the perfect place for PT applications, since the basic condition for PT is ensured; namely, the direct contact of bacteria and their viruses. Plenty of virulent ("lytic") and temperate ("lysogenic") bacteriophages are known in P. aeruginosa. However, the number of virulent phage species acceptable for PT and their mutability are limited. Besides, there are different deviations in the behavior of virulent (and temperate) phages from their expected canonical models of development. We consider some examples of non-canonical phage-bacterium interactions and the possibility of their use in PT. In addition, some optimal approaches to the development of phage therapy will be discussed from the point of view of a biologist, considering the danger of phage-assisted horizontal gene transfer (HGT), and from the point of view of a surgeon who has accepted the Hippocrates Oath to cure patients by all possible means. It is also time now to discuss the possible approaches in international cooperation for the development of PT. We think it would be advantageous to make phage therapy a kind of personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Krylov
- Laboratory for Bacteriophages Genetics. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 5a Maliy Kazenniy per., Moscow, Russia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abbasifar R, Kropinski AM, Sabour PM, Ackermann HW, Alanis Villa A, Abbasifar A, Griffiths MW. Genome sequence of Cronobacter sakazakii myovirus vB_CsaM_GAP31. J Virol 2012; 86:13830-1. [PMID: 23166242 PMCID: PMC3503071 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02629-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is a pathogen that predominantly infects immunocompromised individuals, especially infants, where it causes meningitis. The genome of lytic C. sakazakii myovirus vB_CsaM_GAP31 has been fully sequenced. It consists of 147,940 bp and has a G+C content of 46.3%. A total of 295 genes, including 269 open reading frames and 26 tRNA genes, were identified. This phage is related to Salmonella phage PVP-SE1 and coliphages vB_EcoM-FV3 and rV5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Abbasifar
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew M. Kropinski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Parviz M. Sabour
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph Food Research Centre, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hans-Wolfgang Ackermann
- Department of Microbiology-Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Argentina Alanis Villa
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arash Abbasifar
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mansel W. Griffiths
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abbasifar R, Kropinski AM, Sabour PM, Ackermann HW, Lingohr EJ, Griffiths MW. Complete genome sequence of Cronobacter sakazakii bacteriophage vB_CsaM_GAP161. J Virol 2012; 86:13806-7. [PMID: 23166229 PMCID: PMC3503131 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02546-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen that causes infant meningitis and is often associated with milk-based infant formula. We have fully sequenced the genome of a newly isolated lytic C. sakazakii myovirus, vB_CsaM_GAP161, briefly named GAP161. It consists of 178,193 bp and has a G+C content of 44.5%. A total of 277 genes, including 275 open reading frames and two tRNA-encoding genes, were identified. This phage is closely related to coliphages RB16 and RB43 and Klebsiella pneumoniae phage KP15.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Abbasifar
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew M. Kropinski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Parviz M. Sabour
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph Food Research Centre, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hans-Wolfgang Ackermann
- Department of Microbiology-Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Erika J. Lingohr
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mansel W. Griffiths
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Keen
- Department of Natural Sciences, Montgomery College Germantown, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Singh A, Arutyunov D, Szymanski CM, Evoy S. Bacteriophage based probes for pathogen detection. Analyst 2012; 137:3405-21. [PMID: 22724121 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35371g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and specific detection of pathogenic bacteria is important for the proper treatment, containment and prevention of human, animal and plant diseases. Identifying unique biological probes to achieve a high degree of specificity and minimize false positives has therefore garnered much interest in recent years. Bacteriophages are obligate intracellular parasites that subvert bacterial cell resources for their own multiplication and production of disseminative new virions, which repeat the cycle by binding specifically to the host surface receptors and injecting genetic material into the bacterial cells. The precision of host recognition in phages is imparted by the receptor binding proteins (RBPs) that are often located in the tail-spike or tail fiber protein assemblies of the virions. Phage host recognition specificity has been traditionally exploited for bacterial typing using laborious and time consuming bacterial growth assays. At the same time this feature makes phage virions or RBPs an excellent choice for the development of probes capable of selectively capturing bacteria on solid surfaces with subsequent quick and automatic detection of the binding event. This review focuses on the description of pathogen detection approaches based on immobilized phage virions as well as pure recombinant RBPs. Specific advantages of RBP-based molecular probes are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Isolation and characterization of a novel bacteriophage φ4D lytic against Enterococcus faecalis strains. Curr Microbiol 2012; 65:284-9. [PMID: 22669253 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-012-0158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, Enterococcus faecalis has emerged as an important opportunistic nosocomial pathogen capable of causing dangerous infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel antibacterial agents to control this pathogen. Bacteriophages have very effective bactericidal activity and several advantages over other antimicrobial agents and so far, no serious or irreversible side effects of phage therapy have been described. The objective of this study was to characterize a novel virulent bacteriophage φ4D isolated from sewage. Electron microscopy revealed its resemblance to Myoviridae, with an isometric head (74 ± 4 nm) and a long contractile tail (164 ± 4 nm). The φ4D phage genome was tested using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and estimated to be 145 ± 2 kb. It exhibited short latent period (25 min) and a relatively small burst size (36 PFU/cell). Tests were conducted on the host range, multiplicities of infection (MOI), thermal stability, digestion of DNA by restriction enzymes, and proteomic analyses of this phage. The isolated phage was capable of infecting a wide spectrum of enterococcal strains. The results of these investigations indicate that φ4D is similar to other Myoviridae bacteriophages (for example φEF24C), which have been successfully used in phagotherapy.
Collapse
|
31
|
Optimizing the European Regulatory Framework for Sustainable Bacteriophage Therapy in Human Medicine. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2012; 60:161-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00005-012-0175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
32
|
Lynch KH, Dennis JJ. Cangene Gold Medal Award Lecture — Genomic analysis and modification ofBurkholderia cepaciacomplex bacteriophages1This article is based on a presentation by Dr. Karlene Lynch at the 61st Annual Meeting of the Canadian Society of Microbiologists in St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, on 21 June 2011. Dr. Lynch was the recipient of the 2011 Cangene Gold Medal as the Canadian Graduate Student Microbiologist of the Year, an annual award sponsored by Cangene Corporation intended to recognize excellence in graduate research. Can J Microbiol 2012; 58:221-35. [DOI: 10.1139/w11-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of 17 Gram-negative predominantly environmental bacterial species that cause potentially fatal opportunistic infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Although its prevalence in these individuals is lower than that of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , the Bcc remains a serious problem in the CF community because of the pathogenicity, transmissibility, and inherent antibiotic resistance of these organisms. An alternative treatment for Bcc infections that is currently being developed is phage therapy, the clinical use of viruses that infect bacteria. To assess the suitability of individual phage isolates for therapeutic use, the complete genome sequences of a panel of Bcc‐specific phages were determined and analyzed. These sequences encode a broad range of proteins with a gradient of relatedness to phage and bacterial gene products from Burkholderia and other genera. The majority of these phages were found not to encode virulence factors, and despite their predominantly temperate nature, a proof-of-principle experiment has shown that they may be modified to a lytic form. Both the genomic characterization and subsequent engineering of Bcc‐specific phages are fundamental to the development of an effective phage therapy strategy for these bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karlene H. Lynch
- 6-008 Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Jonathan J. Dennis
- 6-008 Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Semler DD, Lynch KH, Dennis JJ. The promise of bacteriophage therapy for Burkholderia cepacia complex respiratory infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2012; 1:27. [PMID: 22919592 PMCID: PMC3417384 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2011.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, increased attention has been given to evaluating the efficacy of phage therapy, especially in scenarios where the bacterial infectious agent of interest is highly antibiotic resistant. In this regard, phage therapy is especially applicable to infections caused by the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) since members of the BCC are antibiotic pan-resistant. Current studies in BCC phage therapy are unique from many other avenues of phage therapy research in that the investigation is not only comprised of phage isolation, in vitro phage characterization and assessment of in vivo infection model efficacy, but also adapting aerosol drug delivery techniques to aerosol phage formulation delivery and storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana D. Semler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karlene H. Lynch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jonathan J. Dennis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Moradpour Z, Ghasemian A. Modified phages: Novel antimicrobial agents to combat infectious diseases. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:732-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
35
|
Anany H, Chen W, Pelton R, Griffiths MW. Biocontrol of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in meat by using phages immobilized on modified cellulose membranes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:6379-87. [PMID: 21803890 PMCID: PMC3187159 DOI: 10.1128/aem.05493-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of phages to specifically interact with and lyse their host bacteria makes them ideal antibacterial agents. The range of applications of bacteriophage can be extended by their immobilization on inert surfaces. A novel method for the oriented immobilization of bacteriophage has been developed. The method was based on charge differences between the bacteriophage head, which exhibits an overall net negative charge, and the tail fibers, which possess an overall net positive charge. Hence, the head would be more likely to attach to positively charged surfaces, leaving the tails free to capture and lyse bacteria. Cellulose membranes modified so that they had a positive surface charge were used as the support for phage immobilization. It was established that the number of infective phages immobilized on the positively charged cellulose membranes was significantly higher than that on unmodified membranes. Cocktails of phages active against Listeria or Escherichia coli immobilized on these membranes were shown to effectively control the growth of L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7 in ready-to-eat and raw meat, respectively, under different storage temperatures and packaging conditions. The phage storage stability was investigated to further extend their industrial applications. It was shown that lyophilization can be used as a phage-drying method to maintain their infectivity on the newly developed bioactive materials. In conclusion, utilizing the charge difference between phage heads and tails provided a simple technique for oriented immobilization applicable to a wide range of phages and allowed the retention of infectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. Anany
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - W. Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - R. Pelton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - M. W. Griffiths
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dini C, De Urraza PJ. Isolation and selection of coliphages as potential biocontrol agents of enterohemorrhagic and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (EHEC and STEC) in cattle. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 109:873-87. [PMID: 20353429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04714.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To isolate, characterize and select phages as potential biocontrol agents of enterohemorrhagic and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (EHEC and STEC) in cattle. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixteen STEC and EHEC coliphages were isolated from bovine minced meat and stool samples and characterized with respect to their host range against STEC, EHEC and other Gram-negative pathogens; their morphology by electron microscopy; the presence of the stx1, stx2 and cI genes by means of PCR; RAPD and rep-PCR profiles; plaque formation; and acid resistance. Six isolates belonged to the Myoviridae and 10 to the Podoviridae families. The phages negative for stx and cI that formed large, well-defined plaques were all isolated using EHEC O157:H7 as host. Among them, only CA911 was a myophage and, together with CA933P, had the broadest host range for STEC and EHEC; the latter phage also infected Shigella and Pseudomonas. Isolates CA911, MFA933P and MFA45D differed in particle morphology and amplification patterns by RAPD and rep-PCR and showed the highest acidity tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Myophage CA911 and podophages CA933P, MFA933P and MFA45D were chosen as the best candidates for biocontrol of STEC and EHEC in cattle. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work employs steps for a rational selection and characterization of bacteriophages as therapeutic agents. This report constitutes the first documentation of STEC and EHEC phages isolated in Argentina and proposes for the first time the use of rep-PCR as a complement of RAPD on DNA fingerprinting of phages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Dini
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kotay SM, Datta T, Choi J, Goel R. Biocontrol of biomass bulking caused by Haliscomenobacter hydrossis using a newly isolated lytic bacteriophage. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 2:214-7. [PMID: 20950835 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 08/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This research demonstrates the first ever application of lytic bacteriophage (virus) mediated biocontrol of biomass bulking in the activated sludge process using Haliscomenobacter hydrossis as a model filamentous bacterium. Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect bacteria only. The lytic phage specifically infecting H. hydrossis was isolated from the mixed liquor of a local wastewater treatment plant. The isolated bacteriophage belongs to the Myoviridae family with a contractile tail (length-126 nm; diameter-18 nm) and icosahedral head (diameter-81 nm). Titer of the isolated phage with H. hydrossis was calculated to be 5.2 ± 0.3 × 10(5) PFU/mL and burst size was found to be 105 ± 7 PFU/infected cell. The phage was considerably stable after exposure to high temperature (42 °C) and pH between 5 and 8, emphasizing that it can withstand the seasonal/operational fluctuations under real-time applications. Phage to host (bacteria) ratio for the optimal infection was found to be 1:1000 with ∼54% host death. The isolated phage showed no cross infectivity with other bacteria most commonly found in activated sludge systems, thus validating its suitability for biocontrol of filamentous bulking caused by H. hydrossis. Following the phage application, successful reduction in sludge volume index (SVI) from 155 to 105 was achieved, indicating improved biomass settling. The application of phage did not affect nutrient removal efficiency of the biomass, suggesting no collateral damage. Similar to phage therapy in medical applications, phage-mediated biocontrol holds a great potentiality for large-scale applications as economic agent in the mitigation of several water, wastewater and environmental problems. Present study in this direction is a novel effort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shireen M Kotay
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Waseh S, Hanifi-Moghaddam P, Coleman R, Masotti M, Ryan S, Foss M, MacKenzie R, Henry M, Szymanski CM, Tanha J. Orally administered P22 phage tailspike protein reduces salmonella colonization in chickens: prospects of a novel therapy against bacterial infections. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13904. [PMID: 21124920 PMCID: PMC2989905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in man and economically important animals is bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The emergence of difficult-to-treat infections, primarily caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria, demands for alternatives to antibiotic therapy. Currently, one of the emerging therapeutic alternatives is the use of lytic bacteriophages. In an effort to exploit the target specificity and therapeutic potential of bacteriophages, we examined the utility of bacteriophage tailspike proteins (Tsps). Among the best-characterized Tsps is that from the Podoviridae P22 bacteriophage, which recognizes the lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. In this study, we utilized a truncated, functionally equivalent version of the P22 tailspike protein, P22sTsp, as a prototype to demonstrate the therapeutic potential of Tsps in the GI tract of chickens. Bacterial agglutination assays showed that P22sTsp was capable of agglutinating S. Typhimurium at levels similar to antibodies and incubating the Tsp with chicken GI fluids showed no proteolytic activity against the Tsp. Testing P22sTsp against the three major GI proteases showed that P22sTsp was resistant to trypsin and partially to chymotrypsin, but sensitive to pepsin. However, in formulated form for oral administration, P22sTsp was resistant to all three proteases. When administered orally to chickens, P22sTsp significantly reduced Salmonella colonization in the gut and its further penetration into internal organs. In in vitro assays, P22sTsp effectively retarded Salmonella motility, a factor implicated in bacterial colonization and invasion, suggesting that the in vivo decolonization ability of P22sTsp may, at least in part, be due to its ability to interfere with motility… Our findings show promise in terms of opening novel Tsp-based oral therapeutic approaches against bacterial infections in production animals and potentially in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakeeba Waseh
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Russell Coleman
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michael Masotti
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Shannon Ryan
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mary Foss
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Roger MacKenzie
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Environmental Biology, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Matthew Henry
- Department of Discovery Research, Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | | | - Jamshid Tanha
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Environmental Biology, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Selection and characterization of a multivalent Salmonella phage and its production in a nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strain. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:7338-42. [PMID: 20817806 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00922-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the selection and amplification of the broad-host-range Salmonella phage phi PVP-SE1 in an alternative nonpathogenic host. The lytic spectrum and the phage DNA restriction profile were not modified upon replication in Escherichia coli Bl21, suggesting the possibility of producing this phage in a nonpathogenic host, contributing to the safety and easier approval of a product based on this Salmonella biocontrol agent.
Collapse
|
40
|
Letkiewicz S, Międzybrodzki R, Kłak M, Jończyk E, Weber-Dąbrowska B, Górski A. The perspectives of the application of phage therapy in chronic bacterial prostatitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 60:99-112. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2010.00723.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
41
|
Inactivation of Burkholderia cepacia complex phage KS9 gp41 identifies the phage repressor and generates lytic virions. J Virol 2009; 84:1276-88. [PMID: 19939932 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01843-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is made up of at least 17 species of gram-negative opportunistic bacterial pathogens that cause fatal infections in patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease. KS9 (vB_BcenS_KS9), one of a number of temperate phages isolated from BCC species, is a prophage of Burkholderia pyrrocinia LMG 21824. Transmission electron micrographs indicate that KS9 belongs to the family Siphoviridae and exhibits the B1 morphotype. The 39,896-bp KS9 genome, comprised of 50 predicted genes, integrates into the 3' end of the LMG 21824 GTP cyclohydrolase II open reading frame. The KS9 genome is most similar to uncharacterized prophage elements in the genome of B. cenocepacia PC184 (vB_BcenZ_ PC184), as well as Burkholderia thailandensis phage phiE125 and Burkholderia pseudomallei phage phi1026b. Using molecular techniques, we have disrupted KS9 gene 41, which exhibits similarity to genes encoding phage repressors, producing a lytic mutant named KS9c. This phage is incapable of stable lysogeny in either LMG 21824 or B. cenocepacia strain K56-2 and rescues a Galleria mellonella infection model from experimental B. cenocepacia K56-2 infections at relatively low multiplicities of infection. These results readily demonstrate that temperate phages can be genetically engineered to lytic form and that these modified phages can be used to treat bacterial infections in vivo.
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
AbstractThe successful use of virulent (lytic) bacteriophages (phages) in preventing and treating neonatal enterotoxigenicEscherichia coliinfections in calves, lambs and pigs has prompted investigation of other applications of phage therapy in food animals. While results have been very variable, some indicate that phage therapy is potentially useful in virulentSalmonellaandE. coliinfections in chickens, calves and pigs, and in control of the food-borne pathogensSalmonellaandCampylobacter jejuniin chickens andE. coliO157:H7 in cattle. However, more rigorous and comprehensive research is required to determine the true potential of phage therapy. Particular challenges include the selection and characterization of phages, practical modes of administration, and development of formulations that maintain the viability of phages for administration. Also, meaningful evaluation of phage therapy will require animal studies that closely represent the intended use, and will include thorough investigation of the emergence and characteristics of phage resistant bacteria. As well, effective use will require understanding the ecology and dynamics of the endemic and therapeutic phages and their interactions with target bacteria in the farm environment. In the event that the potential of phage therapy is realized, adoption will depend on its efficacy and complementarity relative to other interventions. Another potential challenge will be regulatory approval.
Collapse
|
43
|
Nicolle LE. Beyond antibiotics? THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2006; 17:265-266. [PMID: 18382636 PMCID: PMC2095087 DOI: 10.1155/2006/435962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The AMMI Canada meeting in March 2006 hosted a symposium exploring the potential alternatives to antibiotics for the prevention and treatment of infection. Four papers summarizing talks from that session are published in this issue of theJournal(1-4). These reviews address the scientific underpinnings for a number of proposed concepts, and summarize the current status of clinical use. The approaches - probiotics, bacteriophage therapy, and manipulation of innate immunity - are all intriguing but are still removed from immediate practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L E Nicolle
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| |
Collapse
|