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Nirgude S, Tichy ED, Liu Z, Pradieu RD, Byrne M, Gil De Gomez L, Mamou B, Bernt KM, Yang W, MacFarland S, Xie M, Kalish JM. Single-nucleus multiomic analysis of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome liver reveals PPARA signaling enrichment and metabolic dysfunction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.14.599077. [PMID: 38948745 PMCID: PMC11212859 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.14.599077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) is an epigenetic overgrowth syndrome caused by methylation changes in the human 11p15 chromosomal locus. Patients with BWS exhibit tissue overgrowth, as well as an increased risk of childhood neoplasms in the liver and kidney. To understand the impact of these 11p15 changes, specifically in the liver, we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (snATAC-seq) to generate paired, cell-type-specific transcriptional and chromatin accessibility profiles of both BWS-liver and nonBWS-liver nontumorous tissue. Our integrated RNA+ATACseq multiomic approach uncovered hepatocyte-specific enrichment and activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARA) - a liver metabolic regulator. To confirm our findings, we utilized a BWS-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model, where cells were differentiated into hepatocytes. Our data demonstrates the dysregulation of lipid metabolism in BWS-liver, which coincided with observed upregulation of PPARA during hepatocyte differentiation. BWS liver cells exhibited decreased neutral lipids and increased fatty acid β-oxidation, relative to controls. We also observed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) byproducts in the form of peroxidated lipids in BWS hepatocytes, which coincided with increased oxidative DNA damage. This study proposes a putative mechanism for overgrowth and cancer predisposition in BWS liver due to perturbed metabolism.
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Qiu L, Feng R, Wu QS, Wan JB, Zhang QW. Total saponins from Panax japonicus attenuate acute alcoholic liver oxidative stress and hepatosteatosis by p62-related Nrf2 pathway and AMPK-ACC/PPARα axis in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116785. [PMID: 37321425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax japonicus (T. Nees) C.A. Mey. (PJ) has been used as a tonic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for years. Based on its meridian tropism in liver, spleen, and lung, PJ was popularly used to enhance the function of these organs. It is originally recorded with detoxicant effect on binge drink in Ben Cao Gang Mu Shi Yi, a persuasive Chinese materia medica. And binge dink has a close relationship with alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Hence, it's meaningful to investigate whether PJ exerts liver protection against binge drink toxicity. AIM OF THE STUDY This investigation was carried out not only to emphasize the right recognition of total saponins from PJ (SPJ), but also to study on its sober-up effectiveness and defensive mechanism against acute alcoholic liver injury in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS SPJ constituents were verified by HPLC-UV analysis. In vivo, acute alcoholic liver oxidative stress and hepatosteatosis were established by continuous ethanol gavage to C57BL/6 mice for 3 days. SPJ was pre-administered for 7 days to investigate its protective efficacy. Loss of righting reflex (LORR) assay was employed to assess anti-inebriation effect of SPJ. Transaminases levels and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were measured to indicate the alcoholic liver injury. Antioxidant enzymes were measured to evaluate the oxidative stress degree in liver. Measurement of hepatic lipid accumulation was based on Oil Red O staining. Levels of inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In vitro, HepG2 cells were treated with ethanol for 24 h, and SPJ was pre-administered for 2 h. 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) was used as a probe to indicate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Nrf2 activation was verified by the favor of specific inhibitor, ML385. The nuclear translocation of Nrf2 was indicated with immunofluorescence analysis. Proteins expressions of related pathways were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS Oleanane-type saponins are the most abundant constituents of SPJ. In this acute model, SPJ released inebriation of mice in a dose dependent manner. It decreased levels of serum ALT and AST, and hepatic TG. Besides, SPJ inhibited CYP2E1 expression and reduced MDA level in liver, with upregulations of antioxidant enzymes GSH, SOD and CAT. p62-related Nrf2 pathway was activated by SPJ with downstream upregulations of GCLC and NQO1 in liver. AMPK-ACC/PPARα axis was upregulated by SPJ to alleviate hepatic lipidosis. Hepatic IL-6 and TNF-α levels were downregulated by SPJ, which indicated a regressive lipid peroxidation in liver. In HepG2 cells, SPJ reduced ethanol-exposed ROS generation. Activated p62-related Nrf2 pathway was verified to contribute to the alleviation of alcohol-induced oxidative stress in hepatic cells. CONCLUSION This attenuation of hepatic oxidative stress and steatosis suggested the therapeutic value of SPJ for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, Taipa, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Ruibing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, Taipa, China
| | - Qiu-Shuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, Taipa, China; Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, Taipa, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, Taipa, China.
| | - Qing-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, Taipa, China.
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Haseba T, Maruyama M, Akimoto T, Yamamoto I, Katsuyama M, Okuda T. Class III Alcohol Dehydrogenase Plays a Key Role in the Onset of Alcohol-Related/-Associated Liver Disease as an S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12102. [PMID: 37569481 PMCID: PMC10419236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid accumulation in the liver due to chronic alcohol consumption (CAC) is crucial in the development of alcohol liver disease (ALD). It is promoted by the NADH/NAD ratio increase via alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-dependent alcohol metabolism and lipogenesis increase via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in the liver. The transcriptional activity of PPARγ on lipogenic genes is inhibited by S-nitrosylation but activated by denitrosylation via S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), an enzyme identical to ADH3. Besides ADH1, ADH3 also participates in alcohol metabolism. Therefore, we investigated the specific contribution of ADH3 to ALD onset. ADH3-knockout (Adh3-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice were administered a 10% ethanol solution for 12 months. Adh3-/- exhibited no significant pathological changes in the liver, whereas WT exhibited marked hepatic lipid accumulation (p < 0.005) with increased serum transaminase levels. Adh3-/- exhibited no death during CAC, whereas WT exhibited a 40% death. Liver ADH3 mRNA levels were elevated by CAC in WT (p < 0.01). The alcohol elimination rate measured after injecting 4 g/kg ethanol was not significantly different between two strains, although the rate was increased in both strains by CAC. Thus, ADH3 plays a key role in the ALD onset, likely by acting as GSNOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Haseba
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaokacho, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan;
- Department of Legal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Motoyo Maruyama
- Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan; (M.M.); (T.A.)
| | - Toshio Akimoto
- Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan; (M.M.); (T.A.)
| | - Isao Yamamoto
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaokacho, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan;
| | - Midori Katsuyama
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
| | - Takahisa Okuda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan;
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Li J, Sun B, Lam PKS, Chen L. Dysfunction of liver-gut axis in marine medaka exposed to hypoxia and perfluorobutanesulfonate. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114677. [PMID: 36724667 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With objectives to explore the interactive mode on the function of liver-gut axis, adult marine medaka were exposed for 7 days to environmentally realistic concentrations of perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) (0 and 10 μg/L) under normoxia or hypoxia condition. Furthermore, PFBS exposure was extended to 21 days to reveal the temporal progression in toxicity. The results showed that hypoxia exposure significantly disturbed lipid metabolism, caused oxidative damage, and induced inflammation in the livers of medaka. The composition of gut microbiota was also drastically shifted by hypoxia acute exposure. In contrast, the effect of PFBS was much milder. Hypoxia was thus the determinant of the combined toxicity. Depending on the exposure duration, a time-course recovery from PFBS innate toxicity was generally noted. Overall, the present study underlines the hypoxic and temporal variation in the dysregulation of liver-gut axis by PFBS, which is expected to support a comprehensive ecological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baili Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- Department of Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong
| | - Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Singh V, Huang E, Pathak V, Willard BB, Allende DS, Nagy LE. Phosphoproteomics identifies pathways underlying the role of receptor-interaction protein kinase 3 in alcohol-associated liver disease and uncovers apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 as a target. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2022-2041. [PMID: 35438255 PMCID: PMC9315126 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interaction protein kinase 3 (RIP3), a critical determinant of the necroptotic pathway of programmed cell death, contributes to injury in murine models of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD); however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We investigated the effect of chronic ethanol feeding on the hepatic phosphoproteome in C57BL/6 and RIP3-deficient (Rip3-/- ) mice, focusing on death receptor (DR) signaling pathways. C57BL/6 and Rip3-/- mice were fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet or pair-fed control diet. A label-free mass spectrometry-based approach identified differentially phosphorylated proteins that were mapped to pathways affected by ethanol and Rip3 genotype. Identified targets were validated in both the murine model of ALD and in liver tissue from patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) and healthy controls. Chronic ethanol dysregulated hepatic tumor necrosis factor-induced DR signaling pathways. Of particular importance, chronic ethanol feeding to C57BL/6 mice decreased the phosphorylation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) at serine (S)1036/S1040 (S1029/S1033 human), sites linked with the inhibition of ASK1 death-promoting activity. This decrease in phosphorylation of inhibitory sites was muted in Rip3-/- mice. Decreased phosphorylation at S1033 was also lower in liver of patients with severe AH compared to healthy controls, and phosphorylation at the ASK1 activation site (threonine [Thr]-838) was increased in patients with AH. The net impact of these changes in phosphorylation of ASK1 was associated with increased phosphorylation of p38, a downstream target of ASK1, in patients with AH and C57BL/6 but not Rip3-/- mice. Similarly, chronic ethanol feeding affected the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway in C57BL/6 but not Rip3-/- mice. Taken together, our data indicate that changes in inhibitory phosphorylation of ASK1 are an important target in ALD and suggest the involvement of noncanonical functions of Rip3 in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Singh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Center for Liver Disease ResearchCleveland ClinicLerner Research InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Emily Huang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Center for Liver Disease ResearchCleveland ClinicLerner Research InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Vai Pathak
- Department of Quantitative Health SciencesCleveland ClinicLerner Research InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Belinda B Willard
- Proteomics and Metabolomics CoreCleveland ClinicLerner Research InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
| | | | - Laura E Nagy
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Center for Liver Disease ResearchCleveland ClinicLerner Research InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
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Das S, Ge X, Han H, Desert R, Song Z, Athavale D, Chen W, Gaskell H, Lantvit D, Guzman G, Nieto N. The Integrated "Multiomics" Landscape at Peak Injury and Resolution From Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:133-160. [PMID: 34558855 PMCID: PMC8710802 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a significant clinical problem for which the most effective therapy is alcohol abstinence. The two aims of this study were, first, to identify the liver transcriptome, fecal microbiome, and portal serum metabolome at peak injury and during early and late resolution from ALD; and second, to integrate their interactions and understand better the pathogenesis of ALD. To provoke alcohol-induced liver injury, female and male wild-type mice were fed the control or ethanol Lieber-DeCarli diets for 6 weeks. To study early and late resolution, alcohol was withdrawn from the diet and mice were sacrificed after 3 and 14 days, respectively. At peak injury, there was increased signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat3), Rho-GTPases, Tec kinase and glycoprotein VI (Gp6), and decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling. During resolution from ALD, there was up-regulation of vitamin D receptor/retinoid X receptor, toll-like receptor, p38 and Stat3, and down-regulation of liver X receptor signaling. Females showed significant changes in catabolic pathways, whereas males increased cellular stress, injury, and immune-response pathways that decreased during resolution. The bacterial genus Alistipes and the metabolite dipeptide glycyl-L-leucine increased at peak but decreased during resolution from ALD in both genders. Hepatic induction of mitogen-activated protein kinase (Map3k1) correlated with changes in the microbiome and metabolome at peak but was restored during ALD resolution. Inhibition of MAP3K1 protected from ALD in mice. Conclusion: Alcohol abstinence restores the liver transcriptome, fecal microbiome, and portal serum metabolome in a gender-specific manner. Integration of multiomics data identified Map3k1 as a key gene driving pathogenesis and resolution from ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanta Das
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Hui Han
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Romain Desert
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Zhuolun Song
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Dipti Athavale
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Harriet Gaskell
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Daniel Lantvit
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Grace Guzman
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Natalia Nieto
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- Department of MedicineDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA
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7
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Mukai K, Hara S, Sakima K, Nozu R, Yazawa T, Kitano T. Oxidative Stress Causes Masculinization of Genetically Female Medaka Without Elevating Cortisol. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:878286. [PMID: 35832427 PMCID: PMC9272773 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.878286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medaka (Oryzias latipes) is a teleost fish with an XX/XY sex determination system. Sex reversal from female-to-male (masculinization of XX fish) can be induced through cortisol elevation from exposure to environmental stress such as high temperature during sexual differentiation. However, the effects of oxidative stress, generated via metabolic reactions and biological defense mechanisms, on the sexual differentiation of medaka are unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of oxidative stress on medaka sexual differentiation using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which induces oxidative stress in vertebrates. H2O2 treatment from 0 to 5 days post-hatching induced masculinization of wild-type XX medaka, but not of gonadal soma-derived growth factor (gsdf) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-a (pparaa) knockout XX fish. Co-treatment with an oxidative stress inhibitor caused masculinization recovery but co-treatment with a cortisol synthesis inhibitor did not. H2O2 treatment significantly upregulated gsdf and pparaa expression in XX medaka. However, H2O2 did not elevate cortisol levels in medaka larvae during sexual differentiation. These results strongly indicate that oxidative stress induces masculinization of XX medaka without causing elevation of cortisol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Mukai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Seiji Hara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Konosuke Sakima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Nozu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Yazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kitano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- International Research Center for Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takeshi Kitano,
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8
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Koga T, Peters JM. Targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) for the Treatment or Prevention of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1598-1606. [PMID: 34719638 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Excessive, chronic alcohol consumption can lead to alcoholic liver disease. The etiology of alcoholic liver disease is multifactorial and is influenced by alterations in gene expression and changes in fatty acid metabolism, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. These events can lead to steatosis, fibrosis, and eventually to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Many of these functions are regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Thus, it is not surprising that PPARs can modulate the mechanisms that cause alcoholic liver disease. While the roles of PPARα and PPARγ are clearer, the role of PPARβ/δ in alcoholic liver disease requires further clarification. This review summarizes the current understanding based on recent studies that indicate that PPARβ/δ can likely be targeted for the treatment and/or the prevention of alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Koga
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, Department of Health Science and Hygiene, Daiichi University of Pharmacy
| | - Jeffrey M Peters
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center of Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University
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Kapoor M, Chao MJ, Johnson EC, Novikova G, Lai D, Meyers JL, Schulman J, Nurnberger JI, Porjesz B, Liu Y, Foroud T, Edenberg HJ, Marcora E, Agrawal A, Goate A. Multi-omics integration analysis identifies novel genes for alcoholism with potential overlap with neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5071. [PMID: 34417470 PMCID: PMC8379159 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of causal variants and genes underlying genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci is essential to understand the biology of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and drinks per week (DPW). Multi-omics integration approaches have shown potential for fine mapping complex loci to obtain biological insights to disease mechanisms. In this study, we use multi-omics approaches, to fine-map AUD and DPW associations at single SNP resolution to demonstrate that rs56030824 on chromosome 11 significantly reduces SPI1 mRNA expression in myeloid cells and lowers risk for AUD and DPW. Our analysis also identifies MAPT as a candidate causal gene specifically associated with DPW. Genes prioritized in this study show overlap with causal genes associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Multi-omics integration analyses highlight, genetic similarities and differences between alcohol intake and disordered drinking, suggesting molecular heterogeneity that might inform future targeted functional and cross-species studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manav Kapoor
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Michael J Chao
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gloriia Novikova
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Schulman
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Edoardo Marcora
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alison Goate
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Polvani S, Pepe S, Milani S, Galli A. COUP-TFII in Health and Disease. Cells 2019; 9:E101. [PMID: 31906104 PMCID: PMC7016888 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptors (NRs) belong to a vast family of evolutionary conserved proteins acting as ligand-activated transcription factors. Functionally, NRs are essential in embryogenesis and organogenesis and in adulthood they are involved in almost every physiological and pathological process. Our knowledge of NRs action has greatly improved in recent years, demonstrating that both their expression and activity are tightly regulated by a network of signaling pathways, miRNA and reciprocal interactions. The Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor II (COUP-TFII, NR2F2) is a NR classified as an orphan due to the lack of a known natural ligand. Although its expression peaks during development, and then decreases considerably, in adult tissues, COUP-TFII is an important regulator of differentiation and it is variably implicated in tissues homeostasis. As such, alterations of its expression or its transcriptional activity have been studied and linked to a spectrum of diseases in organs and tissues of different origins. Indeed, an altered COUP-TFII expression and activity may cause infertility, abnormality in the vascular system and metabolic diseases like diabetes. Moreover, COUP-TFII is actively investigated in cancer research but its role in tumor progression is yet to be fully understood. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of COUP-TFII in healthy and pathological conditions, proposing an updated and critical view of the many functions of this NR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Polvani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Florence, viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy; (S.P.); (S.M.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, largo Brambilla 50, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Sara Pepe
- Istituto per la Ricerca, la Prevenzione e la rete Oncologica (ISPRO), viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy;
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, via M. Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Milani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Florence, viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy; (S.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Andrea Galli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Florence, viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy; (S.P.); (S.M.)
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La Paglia L, Listì A, Caruso S, Amodeo V, Passiglia F, Bazan V, Fanale D. Potential Role of ANGPTL4 in the Cross Talk between Metabolism and Cancer through PPAR Signaling Pathway. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:8187235. [PMID: 28182091 PMCID: PMC5274667 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8187235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) protein belongs to a superfamily of secreted proteins structurally related to factors modulating angiogenesis known as angiopoietins. At first, ANGPTL4 has been identified as an adipokine exclusively involved in lipid metabolism, because of its prevalent expression in liver and adipose tissue. This protein regulates lipid metabolism by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and stimulating lipolysis of white adipose tissue (WAT), resulting in increased levels of plasma triglycerides (TG) and fatty acids. Subsequently, ANGPTL4 has been shown to be involved in several nonmetabolic and metabolic conditions, both physiological and pathological, including angiogenesis and vascular permeability, cell differentiation, tumorigenesis, glucose homoeostasis, lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, wound healing, inflammation, and redox regulation. The transcriptional regulation of ANGPTL4 can be modulated by several transcription factors, including PPARα, PPARβ/δ, PPARγ, and HIF-1α, and nutritional and hormonal conditions. Several studies showed that high levels of ANGPTL4 are associated with poor prognosis in patients with various solid tumors, suggesting an important role in cancer onset and progression, metastasis, and anoikis resistance. Here, we have discussed the potential role of ANGPTL4 in mediating the cross talk between metabolic syndromes, such as diabetes and obesity, and cancer through regulation of its expression by PPARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura La Paglia
- ICAR-CNR, National Research Council of Italy, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Listì
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Caruso
- Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, INSERM, UMR 1162, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Valeria Amodeo
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Francesco Passiglia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Bazan
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Fanale
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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12
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Mehta V, Malairaman U. Flavonoids. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-1762-7.ch022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is one of the major healthcare problems faced by the society today and has become alarmingly epidemic in many parts of the world. Despite enormous knowledge and technology advancement, available diabetes therapeutics only provide symptomatic relief by reducing blood glucose level, thereby, just slows down development and progression of diabetes and its associated complications. Thus, the need of the day is to develop alternate strategies that can not only prevent the progression but also reverse already “set-in” diabetic complications. Many flavonoids are reported, traditionally as well as experimentally, to be beneficial in averting diabetes and lowering risk of its accompanying complications. In the present chapter we have convened different flavonoids beneficial in diabetes and comorbid complications and discussed their mechanisms of action. Further, we conclude that coupling current therapeutics with flavonoids might provide exceptional advantage in the management of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Mehta
- Jaypee University of Information Technology, India
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13
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Protective Effect of PPAR γ Agonists on Cerebellar Tissues Oxidative Damage in Hypothyroid Rats. Neurol Res Int 2016; 2016:1952561. [PMID: 28116157 PMCID: PMC5220477 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1952561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists on cerebellar tissues oxidative damage in hypothyroid rats. The animals included seven groups: group I (control), the animals received drinking water; group II, the animals received 0.05% propylthiouracil (PTU) in drinking water; besides PTU, the animals in groups III, IV, V, VI, and VII, were injected with 20 mg/kg vitamin E (Vit E), 10 or 20 mg/kg pioglitazone, and 2 or 4 mg/kg rosiglitazone, respectively. The animals were deeply anesthetized and the cerebellar tissues were removed for biochemical measurements. PTU administration reduced thiol content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities in the cerebellar tissues while increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) metabolites. Vit E, pioglitazone, and rosiglitazone increased thiol, SOD, and CAT in the cerebellar tissues while reducing MDA and NO metabolites. The results of present study showed that, similar to Vit E, both rosiglitazone and pioglitazone as PPARγ agonists exerted protective effects against cerebellar tissues oxidative damage in hypothyroid rats.
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Polvani S, Tarocchi M, Tempesti S, Bencini L, Galli A. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors at the crossroad of obesity, diabetes, and pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2441-2459. [PMID: 26937133 PMCID: PMC4768191 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i8.2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth cause of cancer death with an overall survival of 5% at five years. The development of PDAC is characteristically associated to the accumulation of distinctive genetic mutations and is preceded by the exposure to several risk factors. Epidemiology has demonstrated that PDAC risk factors may be non-modifiable risks (sex, age, presence of genetic mutations, ethnicity) and modifiable and co-morbidity factors related to the specific habits and lifestyle. Recently it has become evident that obesity and diabetes are two important modifiable risk factors for PDAC. Obesity and diabetes are complex systemic and intertwined diseases and, over the years, experimental evidence indicate that insulin-resistance, alteration of adipokines, especially leptin and adiponectin, oxidative stress and inflammation may play a role in PDAC. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor transcription factor that is implicated in the regulation of metabolism, differentiation and inflammation. PPARγ is a key regulator of adipocytes differentiation, regulates insulin and adipokines production and secretion, may modulate inflammation, and it is implicated in PDAC. PPARγ agonists are used in the treatment of diabetes and oxidative stress-associated diseases and have been evaluated for the treatment of PDAC. PPARγ is at the cross-road of diabetes, obesity, and PDAC and it is an interesting target to pharmacologically prevent PDAC in obese and diabetic patients.
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Polvani S, Tarocchi M, Tempesti S, Galli A. Nuclear receptors and pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:12062-12081. [PMID: 25232244 PMCID: PMC4161795 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i34.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with a median overall survival time of 5 mo and the five years survival less than 5%, a rate essentially unchanged over the course of the years. A well defined progression model of accumulation of genetic alterations ranging from single point mutations to gross chromosomal abnormalities has been introduced to describe the origin of this disease. However, due to the its subtle nature and concurring events PDAC cure remains elusive. Nuclear receptors (NR) are members of a large superfamily of evolutionarily conserved ligand-regulated DNA-binding transcription factors functionally involved in important cellular functions ranging from regulation of metabolism, to growth and development. Given the nature of their ligands, NR are very tempting drug targets and their pharmacological modulation has been widely exploited for the treatment of metabolic and inflammatory diseases. There are now clear evidences that both classical ligand-activated and orphan NR are involved in the pathogenesis of PDAC from its very early stages; nonetheless many aspects of their role are not fully understood. The purpose of this review is to highlight the striking connections that link peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, retinoic acid receptors, retinoid X receptor, androgen receptor, estrogen receptors and the orphan NR Nur, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II and the liver receptor homologue-1 receptor to PDAC development, connections that could lead to the identification of novel therapies for this disease.
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16
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Nan YM, Wang RQ, Fu N. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, a potential therapeutic target for alcoholic liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:8055-8060. [PMID: 25009377 PMCID: PMC4081676 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i25.8055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver injury represents a progressive process with a range of consequences including hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Targeting key molecular regulators involved in the development of alcoholic liver injury may be of great value in the prevention of liver injury. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) plays a pivotal role in modulation of hepatic lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and fibrogenesis. As such, PPARα may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease.
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17
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Li HH, Tyburski JB, Wang YW, Strawn S, Moon BH, Kallakury BVS, Gonzalez FJ, Fornace AJ. Modulation of fatty acid and bile acid metabolism by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α protects against alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:1520-31. [PMID: 24773203 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol intake affects liver function and causes hepatic pathological changes. It has been shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)-null mice developed more pronounced hepatic changes than wild-type (WT) mice after chronic exposure to a diet containing 4% alcohol. The remarkable similarity between the histopathology of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in Ppara-null model and in humans, and the fact that PPARα expression and activity in human liver are less than one-tenth of those in WT mouse liver make Ppara-null a good system to investigate ALD. METHODS In this study, the Ppara-null model was used to elucidate the dynamic regulation of PPARα activity during chronic alcohol intake. Hepatic transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were used to examine alterations of gene expression and metabolites associated with pathological changes. The changes triggered by alcohol consumption on gene expression and metabolites in Ppara-null mice were compared with those in WT mice. RESULTS The results showed that in the presence of PPARα, 3 major metabolic pathways in mitochondria, namely the fatty acid β-oxidation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the electron transfer chain, were induced in response to a 2-month alcohol feeding, while these responses were greatly reduced in the absence of PPARα. In line with the transcriptional modulations of these metabolic pathways, a progressive accumulation of triglycerides, a robust increase in hepatic cholic acid and its derivatives, and a strong induction of fibrogenesis genes were observed exclusively in alcohol-fed Ppara-null mice. CONCLUSIONS These observations indicate that PPARα plays a protective role to enhance mitochondrial function in response to chronic alcohol consumption by adaptive transcriptional activation and suggest that activation of this nuclear receptor may be of therapeutic value in the treatment for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Hong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
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18
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McDaniel K, Herrera L, Zhou T, Francis H, Han Y, Levine P, Lin E, Glaser S, Alpini G, Meng F. The functional role of microRNAs in alcoholic liver injury. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:197-207. [PMID: 24400890 PMCID: PMC3930407 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of microRNAs (miRNAs) during alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has recently become of great interest in biological research. Studies have shown that ALD associated miRNAs play a crucial role in the regulation of liver-inflammatory agents such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), one of the key inflammatory agents responsible for liver fibrosis (liver scarring) and the critical contributor of alcoholic liver disease. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria, is responsible for TNF-α release by Kupffer cells. miRNAs are the critical mediators of LPS signalling in Kupffer cells, hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells. Certain miRNAs, in particular miR-155 and miR-21, show a positive correlation in up-regulation of LPS signalling when they are exposed to ethanol. ALD is related to enhanced gut permeability that allows the levels of LPS to increase, leads to increased secretion of TNF-α by the Kupffer cells and subsequently promotes alcoholic liver injury through specific miRNAs. Meanwhile, two of the most frequently dysregulated miRNAs in steatohepatitis, miR-122 and miR-34a are the critical mediators in ethanol/LPS activated survival signalling during ALD. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the experimental and clinical aspects of functions of specific microRNAs, focusing mainly on inflammation and cell survival after ethanol/LPS treatment, and advances on the role of circulating miRNAs in human alcoholic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly McDaniel
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA; Academic Operations, Scott & White Hospital, Temple, TX, USA
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Raszeja-Wyszomirska J, Safranow K, Milkiewicz M, Milkiewicz P, Szynkowska A, Stachowska E. Lipidic last breath of life in patients with alcoholic liver disease. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2012; 99:51-6. [PMID: 22706383 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) begins with the accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver. Lipids which accumulate in the liver can stimulate inflammation, and the fatty acid derivatives, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODEs), may play an important role in this process. We evaluated the concentrations of linoleic and arachidonic acid derivatives in the plasma of patients with ALD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and healthy individuals. The groups consisted of 173 subjects: 63 patients with ALD, 90 with NAFLD and 20 healthy volunteers. Plasma 12-, 15-, and 5-HETE as well as 9- and 13-HODE were assessed using HPLC and isoprostane 8-epi-PGF 2α III was evaluated with an ELISA. In addition the mRNA expression of lipoxygenases (5-LOX, 15-LOX-1, 15-LOX-2) in the liver samples of patients with ALD cirrhosis was measured. A significant difference between the plasma concentrations of the analyzed derivatives was found when divided according to gender. The most significant differences were found between healthy individuals and ALD patients, as well as ALD and NAFLD individuals regardless of gender. The increased plasma HODEs and HETEs concentrations were in line with the increase in 5- and 15-LOX-1 and 15-LOX-2 mRNA in liver samples from ALD cirrhosis patients. LOXs expression and peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by free radical-propagated chemical oxidation may be contributing factors in liver necroinflammatory injury in ALD.
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20
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Effects of soy protein on alcoholic liver disease in rats undergoing ethanol withdrawal. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:679-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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21
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Kam RKT, Deng Y, Chen Y, Zhao H. Retinoic acid synthesis and functions in early embryonic development. Cell Biosci 2012; 2:11. [PMID: 22439772 PMCID: PMC3325842 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-2-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a morphogen derived from retinol (vitamin A) that plays important roles in cell growth, differentiation, and organogenesis. The production of RA from retinol requires two consecutive enzymatic reactions catalyzed by different sets of dehydrogenases. The retinol is first oxidized into retinal, which is then oxidized into RA. The RA interacts with retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoic acid X receptor (RXR) which then regulate the target gene expression. In this review, we have discussed the metabolism of RA and the important components of RA signaling pathway, and highlighted current understanding of the functions of RA during early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kin Ting Kam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, P, R, China.
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22
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Polvani S, Tarocchi M, Galli A. PPARγ and Oxidative Stress: Con(β) Catenating NRF2 and FOXO. PPAR Res 2012; 2012:641087. [PMID: 22481913 PMCID: PMC3317010 DOI: 10.1155/2012/641087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome-proliferator activator receptor γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor of central importance in energy homeostasis and inflammation. Recent experimental pieces of evidence demonstrate that PPARγ is implicated in the oxidative stress response, an imbalance between antithetic prooxidation and antioxidation forces that may lead the cell to apoptotic or necrotic death. In this delicate and intricate game of equilibrium, PPARγ stands out as a central player devoted to the quenching and containment of the damage and to foster cell survival. However, PPARγ does not act alone: indeed the nuclear receptor is at the point of interconnection of various pathways, such as the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), Wnt/β-catenin, and forkhead box proteins O (FOXO) pathways. Here we reviewed the role of PPARγ in response to oxidative stress and its interaction with other signaling pathways implicated in this process, an interaction that emerged as a potential new therapeutic target for several oxidative-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Polvani
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Mirko Tarocchi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Andrea Galli
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
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Wu C, Gilroy R, Taylor R, Olyaee M, Abdulkarim B, Forster J, O'Neil M, Damjanov I, Wan YJY. Alteration of hepatic nuclear receptor-mediated signaling pathways in hepatitis C virus patients with and without a history of alcohol drinking. Hepatology 2011; 54:1966-74. [PMID: 21898497 PMCID: PMC3230737 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The current study tests a hypothesis that nuclear receptor signaling is altered in chronic hepatitis C patients and that the altered pattern is specific to alcohol drinking history. The expression of a panel of more than 100 genes encoding nuclear receptors, coregulators, and their direct/indirect targets was studied in human livers. Gene expression pattern was compared between 15 normal donor livers and 23 hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1-positive livers from patients without a drinking history (matched for age, sex, and body mass index). HCV infection increased the expression of nuclear receptors small heterodimer partner and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) as well as genes involved in fatty acid trafficking, bile acid synthesis and uptake, and inflammatory response. However, the expression of retinoid X receptor (RXR) α, peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and β as well as steroid regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c was decreased in HCV-infected livers. Gene expression pattern was compared in chronic hepatitis C patients with and without a drinking history. Alcohol drinking increased the expression of genes involved in fatty acid uptake, trafficking, and oxidation, but decreased the expression of genes responsible for gluconeogenesis. These changes were consistent with reduced fasting plasma glucose levels and altered expression of upstream regulators that include RXRα, PPARα, and CAR. The messenger RNA levels of fibroblast growth factor 21, interleukin-10, and fatty acid synthase, which are all regulated by nuclear receptors, showed independent correlation with hepatic HCV RNA levels. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that those genes and pathways that showed altered expression could potentially be therapeutic targets for HCV infection and/or alcohol drinking-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanghong Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS,Department of Infectious Diseases, the People's Hospital of Shekou, Shenzhen, 518067, China
| | - Richard Gilroy
- Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Ryan Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Mojtaba Olyaee
- Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Bashar Abdulkarim
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Jameson Forster
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Maura O'Neil
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Ivan Damjanov
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS,Corresponding Author: Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 1018, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. Phone: 913-588-9111, Fax: 913-588-7501,
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Chavez PRG, Lian F, Chung J, Liu C, Paiva SAR, Seitz HK, Wang X. Long-term ethanol consumption promotes hepatic tumorigenesis but impairs normal hepatocyte proliferation in rats. J Nutr 2011; 141:1049-55. [PMID: 21490289 PMCID: PMC3095139 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.136531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption has been related to an increased risk of several cancers, including that of the liver; however, studies in animal models have yet to conclusively determine whether ethanol acts as a tumor promoter in hepatic tumorigenesis. We examined whether prolonged alcohol consumption could act as a hepatic tumor promoter after initiation by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in a rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with 20 mg DEN/kg body weight 1 wk before introduction of either an ethanol liquid diet or an isoenergic control liquid diet. Hepatic pathological lesions, hepatocyte proliferation, apoptosis, PPARα and PPARγ, and plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels were assessed after 6 and 10 mo. Mean body and liver weights, plasma IGF-1 concentration, hepatic expressions of proliferating cellular nuclear antigen and Ki-67, and cyclin D1 in ethanol-fed rats were all significantly lower after 10 mo of treatment compared with control rats. In addition, levels of hepatic PPARγ protein, not PPARα, were significantly higher in the ethanol-fed rats after prolonged treatment. Although ethanol feeding also resulted in significantly fewer altered hepatic foci, hepatocellular adenoma was detected in ethanol-fed rats at 10 mo, but not in control rats given the same dose of DEN. Together, these results indicate that chronic, excessive ethanol consumption impairs normal hepatocyte proliferation, which is associated with reduced IGF-1 levels, but promotes hepatic carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pollyanna R. G. Chavez
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Fuzhi Lian
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Jayong Chung
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111,Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Chun Liu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Sergio A. R. Paiva
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111,Department of Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo State, Botucatu 18618-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Helmut K. Seitz
- Center of Alcohol Research, Liver Disease and Nutrition, Salem Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiang‐Dong Wang
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Retinoid chemistry: synthesis and application for metabolic disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1821:3-9. [PMID: 21554983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this review a discussion of the usual procedures used to synthesize retinoids is followed by an overview of the structure-activity relationships of these molecules. The discussion is then focused on the role and impact of retinoids on metabolic disorders with a particular emphasis on obesity, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. In these areas, both natural and synthetic retinoids that are being studied are reviewed and areas where likely future research will occur are suggested. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Retinoid and Lipid Metabolism.
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26
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Zhao H, Mayhan WG, Arrick DM, Xiong W, Sun H. Alcohol-induced exacerbation of ischemic brain injury: role of NAD(P)H oxidase. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2011; 34:1948-55. [PMID: 20659070 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol consumption increases ischemic stroke and exacerbates ischemic brain injury. We determined the role of NAD(P)H oxidase in exacerbated ischemic brain injury during chronic alcohol consumption. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were fed a liquid diet with or without alcohol (6.4% v/v) for 8 weeks. We measured the effect of apocynin on 2-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/24-hour reperfusion-induced brain injury. In addition, superoxide production and expression of NAD(P)H oxidase subunit, gp91phox, in the peri-infarct area were assessed. RESULTS Chronic alcohol consumption produced a larger infarct volume, worse neurological score, and higher superoxide production. Acute (5 mg/kg, ip, 30 minutes before MCAO) and chronic treatment with apocynin (7.5 mg/kg/d in the diet, 4 weeks prior to MCAO) reduced infarct volume, improved neurological outcome, and attenuated superoxide production in alcohol-fed rats. Expression of gp91phox at basal conditions and following ischemia/reperfusion was greater in alcohol-fed rats compared to non-alcohol-fed rats. In addition, neurons are partially responsible for upregulated gp91phox during alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that NAD(P)H oxidase may play an important role in exacerbated ischemic brain injury during chronic alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Zhao
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5850, USA
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Luvizotto RAM, Nascimento AF, Veeramachaneni S, Liu C, Wang X. Chronic alcohol intake upregulates hepatic expression of carotenoid cleavage enzymes and PPAR in rats. J Nutr 2010; 140:1808-14. [PMID: 20702748 PMCID: PMC2937575 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.123398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive and chronic alcohol intake leads to a lower hepatic vitamin A status by interfering with vitamin A metabolism. Dietary provitamin A carotenoids can be converted into vitamin A mainly by carotenoid 15,15'-monooxygenase 1 (CMO1) and, to a lesser degree, carotenoid 9'10'-monooxygenase 2 (CMO2). CMO1 has been shown to be regulated by several transcription factors, such as the PPAR, retinoid X receptor, and thyroid receptor (TR). The regulation of CMO2 has yet to be identified. The impact of chronic alcohol intake on hepatic expressions of CMO1 and CMO2 and their related transcription factors are unknown. In this study, Fischer 344 rats were pair-fed either a liquid ethanol Lieber-DeCarli diet (n = 10) or a control diet (n = 10) for 11 wk. Hepatic retinoid concentration and expressions of CMO1, CMO2, PPARγ, PPARα, and TRβ as well as plasma thyroid hormones levels were analyzed. We observed that administering alcohol decreased hepatic retinoid levels but increased mRNA concentrations of CMO1, CMO2, PPARγ, PPARα, and TRβ and upregulated protein levels of CMO2, PPARγ, and PPARα. There was a positive correlation of PPARγ with CMO1 (r = 0.89; P < 0.0001) and both PPARγ and PPARα with CMO2 (r = 0.72, P < 0.001 and r = 0.62, P < 0.01, respectively). Plasma thyroid hormone concentrations did not differ between the control rats and alcohol-fed rats. This study suggests that chronic alcohol intake significantly upregulates hepatic expression of CMO1 and, to a much lesser extent, CMO2. This process may be due to alcohol-induced PPARγ expression and lower vitamin A status in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata A. M. Luvizotto
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111,Department of Clinical Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo State, Botucatu 18618-000, SP, Brazil
| | - André F. Nascimento
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111,Department of Clinical Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo State, Botucatu 18618-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Sudipta Veeramachaneni
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Chun Liu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Xiang‐Dong Wang
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the leading causes of liver diseases and liver-related death worldwide. Of the many factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of ALD, gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a central role in induction of steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which alcohol contributes to increased gut permeability, the activation of Kupffer cells, and the inflammatory cascade by LPS. The role of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) complex in LPS recognition and the importance of the TLR4-induced signaling pathways are evaluated in ALD.
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