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Drago G, Aloi N, Ruggieri S, Longo A, Contrino ML, Contarino FM, Cibella F, Colombo P, Longo V. Guardians under Siege: Exploring Pollution's Effects on Human Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7788. [PMID: 39063030 PMCID: PMC11277414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemical pollution poses a significant threat to human health, with detrimental effects on various physiological systems, including the respiratory, cardiovascular, mental, and perinatal domains. While the impact of pollution on these systems has been extensively studied, the intricate relationship between chemical pollution and immunity remains a critical area of investigation. The focus of this study is to elucidate the relationship between chemical pollution and human immunity. To accomplish this task, this study presents a comprehensive review that encompasses in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies, shedding light on the ways in which chemical pollution can modulate human immunity. Our aim is to unveil the complex mechanisms by which environmental contaminants compromise the delicate balance of the body's defense systems going beyond the well-established associations with defense systems and delving into the less-explored link between chemical exposure and various immune disorders, adding urgency to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and their implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspare Drago
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.); (N.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (V.L.)
| | - Noemi Aloi
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.); (N.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (V.L.)
| | - Silvia Ruggieri
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.); (N.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (V.L.)
| | - Alessandra Longo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.); (N.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (V.L.)
| | - Maria Lia Contrino
- Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Siracusa, Corso Gelone 17, 96100 Siracusa, Italy; (M.L.C.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Fabio Massimo Contarino
- Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Siracusa, Corso Gelone 17, 96100 Siracusa, Italy; (M.L.C.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Fabio Cibella
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.); (N.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (V.L.)
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.); (N.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (V.L.)
| | - Valeria Longo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.); (N.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (V.L.)
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Samir AM, Korany AM, Foaad H, Manawil M. Male reproductive hormone disorders among copper smelter workers. Toxicol Ind Health 2024; 40:52-58. [PMID: 37983667 DOI: 10.1177/07482337231215864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Male workers in copper smelting are exposed to copper, lead, and arsenic. This study aimed to assess the effects of combined exposure to these metals on male reproductive hormone levels and assesses malondialdehyde (MDA) as an oxidative stress parameter. The study was conducted on 40 copper smelter workers compared with 40 non-exposed workers. Laboratory investigations included levels of serum copper, blood lead, serum arsenic, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, and MDA. Levels of copper, arsenic, lead, FSH, and LH were significantly increased compared to controls. However, a statistically significant decrease in the mean value of testosterone was found among exposed workers. Positive correlations between serum copper and both serum FSH and MDA levels were statistically significant as were correlations between serum arsenic and MDA levels. Testosterone levels showed significant negative correlations with both copper and arsenic among exposed workers. A linear regression model of copper, arsenic, and lead levels as independent variables with FSH, LH, and testosterone as dependent variables revealed a significant negative association between serum copper and testosterone levels. The current study concluded that combined exposure to copper, arsenic, and lead in secondary copper smelters had a negative impact on male reproductive hormone levels that may be mediated by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha M Samir
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Korany
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hisham Foaad
- Department of Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marie Manawil
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Li YQ, Zhang ST, Ke NY, Fang YC, Hu WL, Li GA, Huang F, Zhou YF. The impact of multiple metals exposure on the risk of developing proliferative diabetic retinopathy in Anhui, China: a case-control study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:112132-112143. [PMID: 37831242 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Through multiple different pathways, the environmental multiple metals make their ways to the human bodies, where they induce different levels of the oxidative stress response. This study further investigated the impact of multiple-metal exposure on the risk of developing proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). We designed a case-control study with type 2 diabetic patients (T2D), in which the case group was the proliferative diabetic retinopathy group (PDR group), while the control group was the non-diabetic retinopathy group (NDR group). Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) were used to detect the metal levels in our participants' urine samples. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression approach was used to include these representative trace elements in a multiple exposure model. Following that, logistic regression models and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were used to describe the effect of different elements and also analyze their combined effect. In the single-element model, we discovered that lithium (Li), cadmium (Cd), and strontium (Sr) were all positively related to PDR. The multiple-exposure model revealed a positive relationship between Li and PDR risk, with a maximum quartile OR of 2.80 (95% CI: 1.10-7.16). The BKMR model also revealed that selenium (Se) might act as a protective agent, whereas magnesium (Mg), Li, and Cd may raise the risk of PDR. In conclusion, our study not only revealed an association between exposure to multiple metals and PDR risk but it also implied that urine samples might be a useful tool to assess PDR risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Si-Tian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Nai-Yu Ke
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wen-Lei Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guo-Ao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan-Feng Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Liu J, Hermon T, Gao X, Dixon D, Xiao H. Arsenic and Diabetes Mellitus: A Putative Role for the Immune System. ALL LIFE 2023; 16:2167869. [PMID: 37152101 PMCID: PMC10162781 DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2023.2167869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an enormous public health issue worldwide. Recent data suggest that chronic arsenic exposure is linked to the risk of developing type 1 and type 2 DM, albeit the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This review discusses the role of the immune system as a link to possibly explain some of the mechanisms of developing T1DM or T2DM associated with arsenic exposure in humans, animal models, and in vitro studies. The rationale for the hypothesis includes: (1) Arsenic is a well-recognized modulator of the immune system; (2) arsenic exposures are associated with increased risk of DM; and (3) dysregulation of the immune system is one of the hallmarks in the pathogenesis of both T1DM and T2DM. A better understanding of DM in association with immune dysregulation and arsenic exposures may help to understand how environmental exposures modulate the immune system and how these effects may impact the manifestation of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Liu
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, DHHS, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Tonia Hermon
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, DHHS, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Xiaohua Gao
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, DHHS, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Darlene Dixon
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, DHHS, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Hang Xiao
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
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Li YQ, Wang Q, Liu R, Li GA, He JL, Huang F, Zhou YF. Associations of exposure to multiple metals with the risk of age-related cataract in Anhui, China: a case-control study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:4680-4693. [PMID: 35972654 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It's well-known that multiple metal elements can lead to the change of oxidative stress response levels in vivo. However, their relationship with age-related cataract (ARC) had not been well studied. We designed a case-control study including 210 individuals with ARC and 210 matched control group. The metal levels in their urine specimens were measured using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression was used to select representative metals into the multi-element model and reduce dimension. Multivariate logic analysis and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were subsequently used to explore the association of ARC risk with multiple metal elements. We found that magnesium (Mg), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se) were positively associated with ARC in the single-element model. The multiple exposure model indicated a positive association between Mg and As, in which the OR in their highest quartile were 3.32 (95% CI: 1.24-8.89) and 7.09 (95% CI: 2.56-19.63). The BKMR model also showed the effect of As increased monotonically with its increasing concentration, and high levels of Mg and As had a significant positive effect on ARC risk. In conclusion, we found that exposure to multiple metals was associated with increased ARC risk. Further research is needed to verify these findings in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Guo-Ao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jia-Liu He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan-Feng Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
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Giles BH, Mann KK. Arsenic as an immunotoxicant. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 454:116248. [PMID: 36122737 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is world-wide contaminant to which millions of people are exposed. The health consequences of arsenic exposure are varied, including cancer, cardiometabolic disease, and respiratory disorders. Arsenic is also toxic to the immune system, which may link many of the pathologies associated with arsenic exposure. The immune system can be classified into two interconnected arms: the innate and the adaptive immune responses. Herein, we discuss the effects of arsenic on key cell types within each of these arms, highlighting both in vitro and in vivo responses. These cells include macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and both B and T lymphocytes. Furthermore, we will explore data from human populations where altered immune status is implicated in disease and identify several data gaps where research is needed to complete our understanding of the immunotoxic effects of arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braeden H Giles
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Koren K Mann
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Tan Q, Lv Y, Zhao F, Zhou J, Yang Y, Liu Y, Zhang M, Lu F, Wei Y, Chen X, Zhang R, Chen C, Wu B, Zhang X, Li C, Huang H, Cai J, Cao Z, Yu D, Ji JS, Zhao S, Shi X. Association of low blood arsenic exposure with level of malondialdehyde among Chinese adults aged 65 and older. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143638. [PMID: 33288260 PMCID: PMC7897719 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
High environmental arsenic exposure can increase chronic oxidative stress in experimental studies and in occupational epidemiology studies. Many regulatory agencies have put forth arsenic exposure limits, it is still unclear that whether low environmental arsenic exposure was associated with adverse health outcome in general population. This study aimed to explore the association of low blood arsenic with malondialdehyde in community-dwelling older adults. We used a cross-sectional study of 2384 older adult individuals aged ≥65 years (mean age: 85 years) from the Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study in 2017. The median blood arsenic level was 1.41 μg/L. High oxidative stress was categorized according to the 95th percentile of MDA levels (7.47 nmol/mL). Restricted cubic spline models showed that blood arsenic levels were positively associated with malondialdehyde levels (P < 0.01); and the risk of high oxidative stress was no longer significantly increased when blood arsenic level up to 8.74 μg/L. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds ratios of high oxidative stress for the second, third, and fourth quartiles of blood arsenic were 2.35 (1.11-4.96), 3.87 (1.90-7.91), and 4.18 (2.00-8.72) (Ptrend < 0.01), compared with the first quartile. We concluded that even low arsenic exposure was associated with higher risk of oxidative stress, in a nonlinear dose-response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyue Tan
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuebin Lv
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Zhou
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yingchun Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyuan Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Beijing Municipal Health Commission Information Center, (Beijing Municipal Health Commission Policy Research Center), Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ruizhi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chen Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Wu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaochang Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyuan Huang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Junfang Cai
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojin Cao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Di Yu
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - John S Ji
- Environmental Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shuhua Zhao
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Tutkun L, Gunduzoz M, Turksoy VA, Deniz S, Oztan O, Cetintepe SP, Iritas SB, Yilmaz FM. Arsenic-induced inflammation in workers. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2371-2378. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Sun X, Li J, Zhao H, Wang Y, Liu J, Shao Y, Xue Y, Xing M. Synergistic effect of copper and arsenic upon oxidative stress, inflammation and autophagy alterations in brain tissues of Gallus gallus. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 178:54-62. [PMID: 29054015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic or copper is one of the most highly toxic pollution that can cause dysfunction to brains, however, the exact mechanism remains unclear. The aim of the study is to investigate the mechanisms of arsenic or/and copper-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and autophagy in chicken brains and elucidate the interactions between arsenic and copper. A total of 72 1-day-old Hy-line chickens were divided into four groups (18 chickens per group) treated with 30mg/kg arsenic trioxide (As2O3) or/and 300mg/kg copper sulfate (CuSO4) for 12weeks. Histological signs of inflammation were found in the cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem exposure to arsenic or/and copper. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content were up-regulation, whereas oxidative damage parameters total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione (GSH), the inhibition ability of hydroxyl radical (OH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The mRNA levels and protein expressions of inflammation markers, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E synthase (PTGEs) were significantly increased (P<0.05). The mRNA levels and protein expressions of autophagy markers including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5), microtubule-associated protein light chains 3 (LC3), ATG4B, and Becline1 in different regions of brains were up-regulation (P<0.05), except the mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC). In conclusion, we speculated that arsenic or copper could induce oxidative stress, inflammation and autophagy in chicken brains, and there may have a synergistic effect between copper and arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jinglun Li
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hongjing Zhao
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yizhi Shao
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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The involvement of Nrf2 in the protective effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on NaAsO 2-induced hepatotoxicity. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65302-65312. [PMID: 29029432 PMCID: PMC5630332 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic exposure produces hepatotoxicity. The common mechanism determining its toxicity is the generation of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress induced by arsenic leads to the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) possesses a potent antioxidant capacity and exhibits extensive pharmacological activities. This study aims to evaluate effects of EGCG on arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity and activation of Nrf2 pathway. Plasma activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase were measured; Histological analyses were conducted to observe morphological changes; Biochemical indexes such as oxidative stress (Catalase (CAT), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS)), Nrf2 signaling related genes (Nrf2, Nqo1, and Ho-1) were assessed. The results showed that EGCG inhibited arsenic-induced hepatic pathological damage, liver ROS level and MDA level. Arsenic decreases the antioxidant enzymes SOD, GPX, and CAT activity and the decrease was inhibited by treatment of EGCG. Furthermore, EGCG attenuated the retention of arsenic in liver tissues and improved the expressions of Nrf2 signaling related genes (Nrf2, Nqo1, and Ho-1). These findings provide evidences that EGCG may be useful for reducing hepatotoxicity associated with oxidative stress by the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway. Our findings suggest a possible mechanism of antioxidant EGCG in preventing hepatotoxicity, which implicate that EGCG may be a potential treatment for arsenicosis therapy.
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Alishahi M, Malekirad AA, Mandegary A, Abdollahi M, Mozaffari A, Ansari M. A study on oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical parameters in copper smelter workers. TOXIN REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2017.1278708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Alishahi
- Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran,
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,
| | - Ali Akbar Malekirad
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran,
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran,
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Abbas Mozaffari
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, and
| | - Mehdi Ansari
- Drug and Food Control Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman Medical Science University, Kerman, Iran
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Kim YD, Eom SY, Yim DH, Kim IS, Won HK, Park CH, Kim GB, Yu SD, Choi BS, Park JD, Kim H. Environmental Exposure to Arsenic, Lead, and Cadmium in People Living near Janghang Copper Smelter in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:489-96. [PMID: 27051230 PMCID: PMC4810329 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.4.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Concentrations of heavy metals exceed safety thresholds in the soil near Janghang Copper Refinery, a smelter in Korea that operated from 1936 to 1989. This study was conducted to evaluate the level of exposure to toxic metals and the potential effect on health in people living near the smelter. The study included 572 adults living within 4 km of the smelter and compared them with 413 controls group of people living similar lifestyles in a rural area approximately 15 km from the smelter. Urinary arsenic (As) level did not decrease according to the distance from the smelter, regardless of gender and working history in smelters and mines. However, in subjects who had no occupational exposure to toxic metals, blood lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) and urinary Cd decreased according to the distance from the smelter, both in men and women. Additionally, the distance from the smelter was a determinant factor for a decrease of As, Pb, and Cd in multiple regression models, respectively. On the other hands, urinary Cd was a risk factor for renal tubular dysfunction in populations living near the smelter. These results suggest that Janghang copper smelter was a main contamination source of As, Pb, and Cd, and populations living near the smelter suffered some adverse health effects as a consequence. The local population should be advised to make efforts to reduce exposure to environmental contaminants, in order to minimize potential health effects, and to pay close attention to any health problems possibly related to toxic metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Dae Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Eom
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyuk Yim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - In-Soo Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hee-Kwan Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Choong-Hee Park
- Environmental Health Research Division, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea
| | - Guen-Bae Kim
- Environmental Health Research Division, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seung-Do Yu
- Environmental Health Research Division, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea
| | - Byung-Sun Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Duck Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Das S, Upadhaya P, Giri S. Arsenic and smokeless tobacco induce genotoxicity, sperm abnormality as well as oxidative stress in mice in vivo. Genes Environ 2016; 38:4. [PMID: 27350824 PMCID: PMC4917979 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-016-0031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic, a naturally occurring metalloid is a well-known water contaminant which causes a wide range of serious adverse health effects including cancer upon long-term exposure. Recent studies have shown high arsenic contamination in the ground water of North Eastern states of India including Southern Assam. Smokeless tobacco consumption locally known as "sadagura" is one of the most prevalent life style habit in southern Assam. The present study was undertaken in mice test system in vivo. Mice were exposed to smokeless tobacco (5 mg/kg body weight /day) and sodium arsenite (0.2 mg/kg body weight /day, 2 mg/kg body weight/day) independently and in combination for 90 days. RESULTS The results were compared with groups with only sodium arsenite exposure and groups which were exposed to only smokeless tobacco extract. Genotoxicity was evaluated by studying the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes from bone marrow. Both the tested doses of sodium arsenite induced statistically significant micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes as compared to control group, however, sodium arsenite and smokeless tobacco extract could not increase the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes as compared to their individual counterparts when treated in combination in mice test system. Germ cell toxicity was evaluated by recording the sperm head abnormalities and total sperm count. Combined treatment of sodium arsenite and smokeless tobacco extract in lower dose induced a significant increase in sperm head abnormality as compared to only sodium arsenite and smokeless tobacco extract. Liver, kidney and intestine tissues were analyzed for various oxidative stress evaluations such as lipid peroxidation (MDA), Glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay. Sodium arsenite in combination with smokeless tobacco extract show higher genotoxic and germ cell toxic effects as compared to control but not when compared to their individual counterparts. CONCLUSION Impairment of the sperm head morphology by sodium arsenite and smokeless tobacco extract alone and in combination with lower dose of sodium arsenite could be oxidative stress mediated effects. Besides, combination treatment of both the agents may not produce additive effects related to micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes induction and decline of total sperm count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Das
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, 788011 India
| | - Puja Upadhaya
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, 788011 India
| | - Sarbani Giri
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, 788011 India
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Arsenic Exposure and Immunotoxicity: a Review Including the Possible Influence of Age and Sex. Curr Environ Health Rep 2016; 3:1-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Singh MK, Yadav SS, Yadav RS, Chauhan A, Katiyar D, Khattri S. Protective effect of Emblica-officinalis in arsenic induced biochemical alteration and inflammation in mice. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:438. [PMID: 26312203 PMCID: PMC4545902 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic in individuals has been found to be associated with immune related problems. In earlier studies, we have demonstrated that amla protects against arsenic induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in thymus and spleen of mice. In continuation to that the present study has therefore been focused to investigate the
protective efficacy of amla in arsenic induced inflammation and immunotoxicity in mice. The results showed that arsenic treatment significantly increased serum urea levels (69 %), glucose levels (48 %) and triglyceride levels (66 %) as compared to controls. Mice exposed to arsenic exhibited significant increased in TNF-α (4.3-fold), serum Interleukin-1 beta (threefold), Interleukin-6 (3.8-fold) as compared to controls. Arsenic exposure increased the relative frequency of CD8+ (Tc) cells sub-population (18.9 %) and decreased CD4+ (Th) cells (2.6 %). Arsenic exposure also significantly decreased T (CD3) and B (CD19) cells (21.1 %) as compared to controls. Simultaneously treatment with arsenic and amla significantly inhibited serum urea levels (47 %), glucose levels (50 %) and triglyceride levels (14 %). It also significantly decreased the TNF-α (1.1-fold), levels of IL-1β (1.6-fold), levels of Interleukin-6 (1.3-fold) in serum as compared to those treated with arsenic alone. Simultaneously treatment with arsenic and amla restored the alterations in CD8+ and CD4+ cells and also recovered the damages in B and T sub cells population. Results of the present study clearly indicate that arsenic induced immunotoxicity linked with inflammation has been significantly protected through simultaneous treatment with arsenic and amla that was due to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of amla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, 226 003 UP India
| | - Suraj Singh Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, 226 003 UP India
| | - Rajesh Singh Yadav
- Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, 470 003 MP India
| | - Abhishek Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, 226 003 UP India
| | - Devendra Katiyar
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, 226 003 UP India
| | - Sanjay Khattri
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, 226 003 UP India
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García-Niño WR, Pedraza-Chaverrí J. Protective effect of curcumin against heavy metals-induced liver damage. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 69:182-201. [PMID: 24751969 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Occupational or environmental exposures to heavy metals produce several adverse health effects. The common mechanism determining their toxicity and carcinogenicity is the generation of oxidative stress that leads to hepatic damage. In addition, oxidative stress induced by metal exposure leads to the activation of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/antioxidant response elements (Nrf2/Keap1/ARE) pathway. Since antioxidant and chelating agents are generally used for the treatment of heavy metals poisoning, this review is focused on the protective role of curcumin against liver injury induced by heavy metals. Curcumin has shown, in clinical and preclinical studies, numerous biological activities including therapeutic efficacy against various human diseases and anti-hepatotoxic effects against environmental or occupational toxins. Curcumin reduces the hepatotoxicity induced by arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and mercury, prevents histological injury, lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) depletion, maintains the liver antioxidant enzyme status and protects against mitochondrial dysfunction. The preventive effect of curcumin on the noxious effects induced by heavy metals has been attributed to its scavenging and chelating properties, and/or to the ability to induce the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE pathway. However, additional research is needed in order to propose curcumin as a potential protective agent against liver damage induced by heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wylly Ramsés García-Niño
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, 04510 D.F., Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverrí
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, 04510 D.F., Mexico.
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Dangleben NL, Skibola CF, Smith MT. Arsenic immunotoxicity: a review. Environ Health 2013; 12:73. [PMID: 24004508 PMCID: PMC3848751 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-12-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic (As) is a global public health problem because of its association with various cancers and numerous other pathological effects, and millions of people worldwide are exposed to As on a regular basis. Increasing lines of evidence indicate that As may adversely affect the immune system, but its specific effects on immune function are poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted a literature search of non-cancer immune-related effects associated with As exposure and summarized the known immunotoxicological effects of As in humans, animals and in vitro models. Overall, the data show that chronic exposure to As has the potential to impair vital immune responses which could lead to increased risk of infections and chronic diseases, including various cancers. Although animal and in vitro models provide some insight into potential mechanisms of the As-related immunotoxicity observed in human populations, further investigation, particularly in humans, is needed to better understand the relationship between As exposure and the development of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nygerma L Dangleben
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christine F Skibola
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Singh MK, Yadav SS, Gupta V, Khattri S. Immunomodulatory role of Emblica officinalis in arsenic induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in thymocytes of mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:193. [PMID: 23889914 PMCID: PMC3733846 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic is widely distributed in the environment and has been found to be associated with the various health related problems including skin lesions, cancer, cardiovascular and immunological disorders. The fruit extract of Emblica officinalis (amla) has been shown to have anti-oxidative and immunomodulatory properties. In view of increasing health risk of arsenic, the present study has been carried out to investigate the protective effect of amla against arsenic induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in thymocytes of mice. METHODS Mice were exposed to arsenic (sodium arsenite 3 mg/kg body weight p.o.) or amla (500 mg/kg body weight p.o.) or simultaneously with arsenic and amla for 28 days. The antioxidant enzyme assays were carried out using spectrophotometer and generation of ROS, apoptotic parameters, change in cell cycle were carried out using flow cytometer following the standard protocols. RESULTS Arsenic exposure to mice caused a significant increase in the lipid peroxidation, ROS production and decreased cell viability, levels of reduced glutathione, the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, cytochrome c oxidase and mitochondrial membrane potential in the thymus as compared to controls. Increased activity of caspase-3 linked with apoptosis assessed by the cell cycle analysis and annexin V/PI binding was also observed in mice exposed to arsenic as compared to controls. Co-treatment with arsenic and amla decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation, ROS production, activity of caspase-3, apoptosis and increased cell viability, levels of antioxidant enzymes, cytochrome c oxidase and mitochondrial membrane potential as compared to mice treated with arsenic alone. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study exhibits that arsenic induced oxidative stress and apoptosis significantly protected by co-treatment with amla that could be due to its strong antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Chowk 226 003, India
| | - Suraj S Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Chowk 226 003, India
| | - Vineeta Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Chowk 226 003, India
| | - Sanjay Khattri
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Chowk 226 003, India
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