1
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Ochoa AE, Congel JH, Corley JM, Janssen WJ, Nick JA, Malcolm KC, Hisert KB. Dectin-1-Independent Macrophage Phagocytosis of Mycobacterium abscessus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11062. [PMID: 37446240 PMCID: PMC10341562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus, a species of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), is an opportunistic pathogen that is readily cleared by healthy lungs but can cause pulmonary infections in people with chronic airway diseases. Although knowledge pertaining to molecular mechanisms of host defense against NTM is increasing, macrophage receptors that recognize M. abscessus remain poorly defined. Dectin-1, a C-type lectin receptor identified as a fungal receptor, has been shown to be a pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) for both M. tuberculosis and NTM. To better understand the role of Dectin-1 in host defense against M. abscessus, we tested whether blocking Dectin-1 impaired the uptake of M. abscessus by human macrophages, and we compared M. abscessus pulmonary infection in Dectin-1-deficient and wild-type mice. Blocking antibody for Dectin-1 did not reduce macrophage phagocytosis of M. abscessus, but did reduce the ingestion of the fungal antigen zymosan. Laminarin, a glucan that blocks Dectin-1 and other PRRs, caused decreased phagocytosis of both M. abscessus and zymosan. Dectin-1-/- mice exhibited no defects in the control of M. abscessus infection, and no differences were detected in immune cell populations between wild type and Dectin-1-/- mice. These data demonstrate that murine defense against M. abscessus pulmonary infection, as well as ingestion of M. abscessus by human macrophages, can occur independent of Dectin-1. Thus, additional PRR(s) recognized by laminarin participate in macrophage phagocytosis of M. abscessus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Katherine B. Hisert
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A550, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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2
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Duong VT, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Towards the development of subunit vaccines against tuberculosis: The key role of adjuvant. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 139:102307. [PMID: 36706503 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death triggered by a single infectious agent, worldwide. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the only currently licensed anti-TB vaccine. However, other strategies, including modification of recombinant BCG vaccine, attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) mutant constructs, DNA and protein subunit vaccines, are under extensive investigation. As whole pathogen vaccines can trigger serious adverse reactions, most current strategies are focused on the development of safe anti-TB subunit vaccines; this is especially important given the rising TB infection rate in immunocompromised HIV patients. The whole Mtb genome has been mapped and major antigens have been identified; however, optimal vaccine delivery mode is still to be established. Isolated protein antigens are typically poorly immunogenic so adjuvants are required to induce strong and long-lasting immune responses. This article aims to review the developmental status of anti-TB subunit vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Tram Duong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
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3
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The BCG Moreau Vaccine Upregulates In Vitro the Expression of TLR4, B7-1, Dectin-1 and EP2 on Human Monocytes. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010086. [PMID: 36679931 PMCID: PMC9861981 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is currently the second greatest killer worldwide and is caused by a single infectious agent. Since Bacillus Calmette−Guérin (BCG) is the only vaccine currently in use against TB, studies addressing the protective role of BCG in the context of inducible surface biomarkers are urgently required for TB control. Methods: In this study, groups of HIV-negative adult healthy donors (HD; n = 22) and neonate samples (UCB; n = 48) were voluntarily enrolled. The BCG Moreau strain was used for the in vitro mononuclear cell infections. Subsequently, phenotyping tools were used for surface biomarker detection. Monocytes were assayed for TLR4, B7-1, Dectin-1, EP2, and TIM-3 expression levels. Results: At 48 h, the BCG Moreau induced the highest TLR4, B7-1, and Dectin-1 levels in the HD group only (p-value < 0.05). TIM-3 expression failed to be modulated after BCG infection. At 72 h, BCG Moreau equally induced the highest EP2 levels in the HD group (p-value < 0.005), and higher levels were also found in HD when compared with the UCB group (p-value < 0.05). Conclusions: This study uncovers critical roles for biomarkers after the instruction of host monocyte activation patterns. Understanding the regulation of human innate immune responses is critical for vaccine development and for treating infectious diseases.
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Wang Y, Shi Q, Chen Q, Zhou X, Yuan H, Jia X, Liu S, Li Q, Ge L. Emerging advances in identifying signal transmission molecules involved in the interaction between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the host. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:956311. [PMID: 35959378 PMCID: PMC9359464 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.956311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is an ancient chronic infectious disease and is still the leading cause of death worldwide due to a single infectious disease. MTB can achieve immune escape by interacting with host cells through its special cell structure and secreting a variety of effector proteins. Innate immunity-related pattern recognition receptors (PPR receptors) play a key role in the regulation of signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on the latest research progress on related signal transduction molecules in the interaction between MTB and the host. In addition, we provide new research ideas for the development of new anti-tuberculosis drug targets and lead compounds and provide an overview of information useful for approaching future tuberculosis host-oriented treatment research approaches and strategies, which has crucial scientific guiding significance and research value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiyuan Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuebin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Yuan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiwen Jia
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyuan Liu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qin Li, ; Lijun Ge,
| | - Lijun Ge
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qin Li, ; Lijun Ge,
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5
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Liang J, Zhang JJ, Huang HI, Kanayama M, Youssef N, Jin YJ, Reyes EY, Abram CL, Yang S, Lowell CA, Wang D, Shao L, Shinohara ML, Zhang JY, Hammer GE. The Ubiquitin-Modifying Enzyme A20 Terminates C-Type Lectin Receptor Signals and Is a Suppressor of Host Defense against Systemic Fungal Infection. Infect Immun 2020; 88:e00048-20. [PMID: 32540868 PMCID: PMC7440764 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00048-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) play key roles in antifungal defense. CLR-induced NF-κB is central to CLR functions in immunity, and thus, molecules that control the amplitude of CLR-induced NF-κB could profoundly influence host defense against fungal pathogens. However, little is known about the mechanisms that negatively regulate CLR-induced NF-κB, and molecules which act on the CLR family broadly and which directly regulate acute CLR-signaling cascades remain unidentified. Here, we identify the ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 as a negative regulator of acute NF-κB activation downstream of multiple CLR pathways. Absence of A20 suppression results in exaggerated CLR responses in cells which are A20 deficient and also cells which are A20 haplosufficient, including multiple primary immune cells. Loss of a single allele of A20 results in enhanced defense against systemic Candida albicans infection and prolonged host survival. Thus, A20 restricts CLR-induced innate immune responses in vivo and is a suppressor of host defense against systemic fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Junyi J Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hsin-I Huang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Masashi Kanayama
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nourhan Youssef
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yingai J Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Estefany Y Reyes
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Clare L Abram
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Program, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shigao Yang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Clifford A Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Program, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ling Shao
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mari L Shinohara
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer Y Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gianna Elena Hammer
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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6
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Kielbik M, Szulc-Kielbik I, Klink M. IRAK1 and IRAK4 signaling proteins are dispensable in the response of human neutrophils to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5614973. [PMID: 31702785 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of neutrophils in the host response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is not as well recognized as the involvement of macrophages and dendritic cells. Thus, this study gives more insight on the impact of the virulent Mtb H37Rv strain on proapoptotic and proinflammatory functions of human neutrophils in vitro. We found that neutrophils are not able to kill Mtb during the infection process, probably due to the lack of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production in response to bacteria. However, infected neutrophils effectively released cytokines, chemoattractant interleukin (IL) 8 and proinflammatory IL-1β. Moreover, Mtb enhanced the early apoptosis of neutrophils at 2 h postinfection. Additionally, this proapoptotic and proinflammatory response of neutrophils to Mtb infection occurred in an IRAK1- and IRAK4-independent manner. We also found that Mtb did not affect the surface expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and slightly enhanced the surface expression of TLR4, but did not influence mRNA levels of both TLRs during the infection process. In conclusion, we show that the inhibition of signaling proteins activated by MyD88-dependent pathway did not participate in the biological activity of neutrophils against Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Klink
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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7
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Villaseñor T, Madrid-Paulino E, Maldonado-Bravo R, Pérez-Martínez L, Pedraza-Alva G. Mycobacterium bovis BCG promotes IL-10 expression by establishing a SYK/PKCα/β positive autoregulatory loop that sustains STAT3 activation. Pathog Dis 2019; 77:5512589. [PMID: 31175361 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium ensures its survival inside macrophages and long-term infection by subverting the innate and adaptive immune response through the modulation of cytokine gene expression profiles. Different Mycobacterium species promote the expression of TGFβ and IL-10, which, at the early stages of infection, block the formation of the phagolysosome, thereby securing mycobacterial survival upon phagocytosis, and at later stages, antagonize IFNγ production and functions. Despite the key role of IL-10 in mycobacterium infection, the signal transduction pathways leading to IL-10 expression in infected macrophages are poorly understood. Here, we report that Mycobacterium bovis BCG promotes IL-10 expression and cytokine production by establishing a SYK/PKCα/β positive feedback loop that leads to STAT3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Villaseñor
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos 62271, México
| | - Edgardo Madrid-Paulino
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos 62271, México
| | - Rafael Maldonado-Bravo
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos 62271, México
| | - Leonor Pérez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos 62271, México
| | - Gustavo Pedraza-Alva
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos 62271, México
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8
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β-Glucans in food modify colonic microflora by inducing antimicrobial protein, calprotectin, in a Dectin-1-induced-IL-17F-dependent manner. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:763-773. [PMID: 29068000 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dectin-1 (gene symbol: Clec7a) is a receptor for β-glucans that play an important role for the host defense against fungi. Recently, we showed that Clec7a-/- mice are resistant against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis because of regulatory T-cell population expansion in the colon. The regulatory T-cell expansion is caused by expansion of commensal Lactobacillus murinus whose growth is suppressed by an antimicrobial protein, calprotectin S100A8/A9. In this report, we showed that S100A8 was mainly produced by mouse colonic epithelial cells. S100A8 was not induced directly by Dectin-1 but by Dectin-1-induced cytokines, especially interleukin-17F (IL-17F), that were produced by several types of innate immune cells including CD11c+/CD11b+ myeloid cells in colonic lamina propria. S100A8/A9 heterodimer preferentially suppressed the growth of L. murinus that was increased in both Clec7a-/- and Il17f-/- mice. Furthermore, similar expansion of L. murinus and DSS-colitis resistance were observed in mice fed with β-glucan-free food. These observations suggest that food-derived β-glucans control the specific commensal microbiota via the Dectin-1-IL-17F-calprotectin axis to maintain the intestinal homeostasis.
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9
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Wagener M, Hoving JC, Ndlovu H, Marakalala MJ. Dectin-1-Syk-CARD9 Signaling Pathway in TB Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:225. [PMID: 29487599 PMCID: PMC5816931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the first steps toward mounting an effective immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is recognition of the pathogen through pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed by innate immune cells. Activation of the PRR Dectin-1 by an unknown mycobacterial ligand triggers an intracellular signaling cascade involving numerous proteins, including spleen tyrosine kinase, protein kinase C-delta, and caspase recruitment domain family member 9, some of which have been shown to influence host immune response to TB infection. Here, we review the role of Dectin-1 signaling pathway in anti-mycobacterial immunity and discuss its contribution in the control of Mtb infection, and potential applications in TB vaccine adjuvanticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wagener
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J. Claire Hoving
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hlumani Ndlovu
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mohlopheni J. Marakalala
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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10
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Lang R, Schick J. Review: Impact of Helminth Infection on Antimycobacterial Immunity-A Focus on the Macrophage. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1864. [PMID: 29312343 PMCID: PMC5743664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful immune control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) requires robust CD4+ T cell responses, with IFNγs as the key cytokine promoting killing of intracellular mycobacteria by macrophages. By contrast, helminth infections typically direct the immune system toward a type 2 response, characterized by high levels of the cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, which can antagonize IFNγ production and its biological effects. In many countries with high burden of tuberculosis, helminth infections are endemic and have been associated with increased risk to develop tuberculosis or to inhibit vaccination-induced immunity. Mechanistically, regulation of the antimycobacterial immune response by helminths has been mostly been attributed to the T cell compartment. Here, we review the current status of the literature on the impact of helminths on vaccine-induced and natural immunity to MTB with a focus on the alterations enforced on the capacity of macrophages to function as sensors of mycobacteria and effector cells to control their replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Lang
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Judith Schick
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Mochizuki S, Morishita H, Sakurai K. Complex Consisting of β-Glucan and Antigenic Peptides with Cleavage Site for Glutathione and Aminopeptidases Induces Potent Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2246-2253. [PMID: 28738674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The efficient induction of antigen-specific immune responses requires not only promotion of the uptake of antigens and adjuvant molecules into antigen-presenting cells but also control of their intracellular behavior. We previously demonstrated that the β-glucan schizophyllan (SPG) can form complexes with CpG oligonucleotides with attached dA40 (CpG-dA/SPG), which can accumulate in macrophages in the draining inguinal lymph nodes and induce strong immune responses. In this study, we prepared various conjugates composed of antigenic peptide (OVA257-264) and dA40 and made complexes with SPG. The conjugates with a disulfide bond between OVA257-264 and dA40 were easily cleaved by glutathione. The resultant peptides with a hydrophobic amino acid at the C-terminal end was recognized by puromycin-insensitive leucine aminopeptidase (PILS-AP), which trims antigenic peptide precursors and prepares peptides of eight or nine amino acids in length, which is the optimal length for binding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I. The conjugate exposed to such enzymes induced a high antigen presentation level. The antigen presentation level was almost the same before and after the complexation with SPG. Immunization with a mixture of dA-OVA257-264/SPG and CpG-dA/SPG induced high antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity at a much lower peptide dose than in previous studies. These results can be strongly ascribed to not only the cell-specific delivery by SPG but also the control of the intracellular behavior by the introduction of cleavage sites. Therefore, peptide-dA/SPG complexes could be used as potent vaccine antigens for the treatment of cancers and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Mochizuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu , 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Hiromi Morishita
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu , 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu , 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohlopheni J. Marakalala
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Hlumani Ndlovu
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
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13
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C-type lectin receptors in tuberculosis: what we know. Med Microbiol Immunol 2016; 205:513-535. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-016-0470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Through thousands of years of reciprocal coevolution, Mycobacterium tuberculosis has become one of humanity's most successful pathogens, acquiring the ability to establish latent or progressive infection and persist even in the presence of a fully functioning immune system. The ability of M. tuberculosis to avoid immune-mediated clearance is likely to reflect a highly evolved and coordinated program of immune evasion strategies that interfere with both innate and adaptive immunity. These include the manipulation of their phagosomal environment within host macrophages, the selective avoidance or engagement of pattern recognition receptors, modulation of host cytokine production, and the manipulation of antigen presentation to prevent or alter the quality of T-cell responses. In this article we review an extensive array of published studies that have begun to unravel the sophisticated program of specific mechanisms that enable M. tuberculosis and other pathogenic mycobacteria to persist and replicate in the face of considerable immunological pressure from their hosts. Unraveling the mechanisms by which M. tuberculosis evades or modulates host immune function is likely to be of major importance for the development of more effective new vaccines and targeted immunotherapy against tuberculosis.
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15
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Cao Z, Conway KL, Heath RJ, Rush JS, Leshchiner ES, Ramirez-Ortiz ZG, Nedelsky NB, Huang H, Ng A, Gardet A, Cheng SC, Shamji AF, Rioux JD, Wijmenga C, Netea MG, Means TK, Daly MJ, Xavier RJ. Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM62 Regulates CARD9-Mediated Anti-fungal Immunity and Intestinal Inflammation. Immunity 2016; 43:715-26. [PMID: 26488816 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CARD9 is a central component of anti-fungal innate immune signaling via C-type lectin receptors, and several immune-related disorders are associated with CARD9 alterations. Here, we used a rare CARD9 variant that confers protection against inflammatory bowel disease as an entry point to investigating CARD9 regulation. We showed that the protective variant of CARD9, which is C-terminally truncated, acted in a dominant-negative manner for CARD9-mediated cytokine production, indicating an important role for the C terminus in CARD9 signaling. We identified TRIM62 as a CARD9 binding partner and showed that TRIM62 facilitated K27-linked poly-ubiquitination of CARD9. We identified K125 as the ubiquitinated residue on CARD9 and demonstrated that this ubiquitination was essential for CARD9 activity. Furthermore, we showed that similar to Card9-deficient mice, Trim62-deficient mice had increased susceptibility to fungal infection. In this study, we utilized a rare protective allele to uncover a TRIM62-mediated mechanism for regulation of CARD9 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Cao
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kara L Conway
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Robert J Heath
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jason S Rush
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Zaida G Ramirez-Ortiz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Natalia B Nedelsky
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Aylwin Ng
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Agnès Gardet
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shih-Chin Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | | | - John D Rioux
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen T9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Terry K Means
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Mark J Daly
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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16
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Wilson GJ, Marakalala MJ, Hoving JC, van Laarhoven A, Drummond RA, Kerscher B, Keeton R, van de Vosse E, Ottenhoff THM, Plantinga TS, Alisjahbana B, Govender D, Besra GS, Netea MG, Reid DM, Willment JA, Jacobs M, Yamasaki S, van Crevel R, Brown GD. The C-type lectin receptor CLECSF8/CLEC4D is a key component of anti-mycobacterial immunity. Cell Host Microbe 2015; 17:252-9. [PMID: 25674984 PMCID: PMC4334100 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of microbes with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is essential for protective immunity. While many PRRs that recognize mycobacteria have been identified, none is essentially required for host defense in vivo. Here, we have identified the C-type lectin receptor CLECSF8 (CLEC4D, MCL) as a key molecule in anti-mycobacterial host defense. Clecsf8−/− mice exhibit higher bacterial burdens and increased mortality upon M. tuberculosis infection. Additionally, Clecsf8 deficiency is associated with exacerbated pulmonary inflammation, characterized by enhanced neutrophil recruitment. Clecsf8−/− mice show reduced mycobacterial uptake by pulmonary leukocytes, but infection with opsonized bacteria can restore this phagocytic defect as well as decrease bacterial burdens. Notably, a CLECSF8 polymorphism identified in humans is associated with an increased susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis. We conclude that CLECSF8 plays a non-redundant role in anti-mycobacterial immunity in mouse and in man. Clecsf8 is required for anti-mycobacterial immunity Clecsf8 mediates non-opsonic mycobacterial recognition by pulmonary leukocytes Loss of Clecsf8 results in increased inflammation, bacterial burdens, and mortality A human CLECSF8 polymorphism is associated with increased susceptibility to TB
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian J Wilson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Mohlopheni J Marakalala
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 792 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jennifer C Hoving
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 792 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arjan van Laarhoven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Rebecca A Drummond
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Bernhard Kerscher
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Roanne Keeton
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 792 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Esther van de Vosse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Theo S Plantinga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | | | - Dhirendra Govender
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Delyth M Reid
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Janet A Willment
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Muazzam Jacobs
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 792 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 108-8639, Japan
| | - Reinout van Crevel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Gordon D Brown
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 792 Cape Town, South Africa.
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17
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BCG Skin Infection Triggers IL-1R-MyD88-Dependent Migration of EpCAMlow CD11bhigh Skin Dendritic cells to Draining Lymph Node During CD4+ T-Cell Priming. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005206. [PMID: 26440518 PMCID: PMC4594926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transport of antigen from the periphery to the draining lymph node (DLN) is critical for T-cell priming but remains poorly studied during infection with Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). To address this we employed a mouse model to track the traffic of Dendritic cells (DCs) and mycobacteria from the BCG inoculation site in the skin to the DLN. Detection of BCG in the DLN was concomitant with the priming of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells at that site. We found EpCAMlow CD11bhigh migratory skin DCs to be mobilized during the transport of BCG to the DLN. Migratory skin DCs distributed to the T-cell area of the LN, co-localized with BCG and were found in close apposition to antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. Consequently, blockade of skin DC traffic into DLN dramatically reduced mycobacterial entry into DLN and muted T-cell priming. Interestingly, DC and mycobacterial entry into the DLN was dependent on IL-1R-I, MyD88, TNFR-I and IL-12p40. In addition, we found using DC adoptive transfers that the requirement for MyD88 in BCG-triggered migration was not restricted to the migrating DC itself and that hematopoietic expression of MyD88 was needed in part for full-fledged migration. Our observations thus identify a population of DCs that contribute towards the priming of CD4+ T cells to BCG infection by transporting bacilli into the DLN in an IL-1R-MyD88-dependent manner and reveal both DC-intrinsic and -extrinsic requirements for MyD88 in DC migration.
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Dambuza IM, Brown GD. C-type lectins in immunity: recent developments. Curr Opin Immunol 2014; 32:21-7. [PMID: 25553393 PMCID: PMC4589735 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CLRs play an essential role in immunity to fungi and mycobacteria. CLRs are involved in the regulation of homeostasis, autoimmunity and allergy. CLRs recognise and trigger cellular responses to dead and cancerous cells.
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) comprise a large superfamily of proteins, which recognise a diverse range of ligands, and are defined by the presence of at least one C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD). Of particular interest are the single extracellular CTLD-containing receptors of the ‘Dectin-1’ and ‘Dectin-2’ clusters, which associate with signalling adaptors or possess integral intracellular signalling domains. These CLRs have traditionally been associated with the recognition of fungi, but recent discoveries have revealed diverse and unexpected functions. In this review, we describe their newly identified roles in anti-microbial host defence, homeostasis, autoimmunity, allergy and their functions in the recognition and response to dead and cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy M Dambuza
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Division of Applied Medicine, Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Gordon D Brown
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Division of Applied Medicine, Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
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Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin Mincle-expressing dendritic cells contribute to control of splenic Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection in mice. Infect Immun 2014; 83:184-96. [PMID: 25332121 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02500-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The macrophage-inducible C-type lectin Mincle has recently been identified to be a pattern recognition receptor sensing mycobacterial infection via recognition of the mycobacterial cell wall component trehalose-6',6-dimycolate (TDM). However, its role in systemic mycobacterial infections has not been examined so far. Mincle-knockout (KO) mice were infected intravenously with Mycobacterium bovis BCG to mimic the systemic spread of mycobacteria under defined experimental conditions. After intravenous infection with M. bovis BCG, Mincle-KO mice responded with significantly higher numbers of mycobacterial CFU in spleen and liver, while reduced granuloma formation was observed only in the spleen. At the same time, reduced Th1 cytokine production and decreased numbers of gamma interferon-producing T cells were observed in the spleens of Mincle-KO mice relative to the numbers in the spleens of wild-type (WT) mice. The effect of adoptive transfer of defined WT leukocyte subsets generated from bone marrow cells of zDC(+/DTR) mice (which bear the human diphtheria toxin receptor [DTR] under the control of the classical dendritic cell-specific zinc finger transcription factor zDC) to specifically deplete Mincle-expressing classical dendritic cells (cDCs) but not macrophages after diphtheria toxin application on the numbers of splenic and hepatic CFU and T cell subsets was then determined. Adoptive transfer experiments revealed that Mincle-expressing splenic cDCs rather than Mincle-expressing macrophages contributed to the reconstitution of attenuated splenic antimycobacterial immune responses in Mincle-KO mice after intravenous challenge with BCG. Collectively, we show that expression of Mincle, particularly by cDCs, contributes to the control of splenic M. bovis BCG infection in mice.
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Zhao XQ, Zhu LL, Chang Q, Jiang C, You Y, Luo T, Jia XM, Lin X. C-type lectin receptor dectin-3 mediates trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM)-induced Mincle expression through CARD9/Bcl10/MALT1-dependent nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:30052-62. [PMID: 25202022 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.588574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that both Dectin-3 (also called MCL or Clec4d) and Mincle (also called Clec4e), two C-type lectin receptors, can recognize trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM), a cell wall component from mycobacteria, and induce potent innate immune responses. Interestingly, stimulation of Dectin-3 by TDM can also induce Mincle expression, which may enhance the host innate immune system to sense Mycobacterium infection. However, the mechanism by which Dectin-3 induces Mincle expression is not fully defined. Here, we show that TDM-induced Mincle expression is dependent on Dectin-3-mediated NF-κB, but not nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT), activation, and Dectin-3 induces NF-κB activation through the CARD9-BCL10-MALT1 complex. We found that bone marrow-derived macrophages from Dectin-3-deficient mice were severely defective in the induction of Mincle expression in response to TDM stimulation. This defect is correlated with the failure of TDM-induced NF-κB activation in Dectin-3-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages. Consistently, inhibition of NF-κB, but not NFAT, impaired TDM-induced Mincle expression, whereas NF-κB, but not NFAT, binds to the Mincle promoter. Dectin-3-mediated NF-κB activation is dependent on the CARD9-Bcl10-MALT1 complex. Finally, mice deficient for Dectin-3 or CARD9 produced much less proinflammatory cytokines and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-specific antibodies after immunization with an adjuvant containing TDM. Overall, this study provides the mechanism by which Dectin-3 induces Mincle expression in response to Mycobacterium infection, which will have significant impact to improve adjuvant and design vaccine for antimicrobial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qiang Zhao
- From the Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, and Immunology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Le-Le Zhu
- the Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China, and
| | - Qing Chang
- the Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Changying Jiang
- From the Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, and Immunology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yun You
- From the Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, and Immunology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Tianming Luo
- the Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xin-Ming Jia
- the Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China, and
| | - Xin Lin
- From the Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, and Immunology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030,
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21
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Dectin-1 is expressed in human lung and mediates the proinflammatory immune response to nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. mBio 2014; 5:e01492-14. [PMID: 25161190 PMCID: PMC4173778 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01492-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1 is expressed mainly on myeloid cells mediating the immune response targeting respiratory pathogens such as Aspergillus fumigatus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The pulmonary epithelium serves as an important interface for interactions between these pathogens and the respiratory tract. Therefore, we analyzed the expression pattern of Dectin-1 in the human lung. Immunohistochemically stained human lung sections from 17 out of 19 individuals were positive for Dectin-1, which was expressed mainly apically on bronchial and alveolar epithelium. Our results showed no correlation with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or the smoking habits of the patients. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI), an important bacterial pathogen of the respiratory tract with significant importance in COPD, has also been proposed to be recognized by Dectin-1, suggesting a possible impact on the NTHI-dependent immune response in human airways. Therefore, the involvement of Dectin-1 in NTHI-triggered cytokine responses was investigated in primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and in the A549 cell line stably transfected with Dectin-1. The presence of Dectin-1 significantly increased cytokine release in response to NTHI in NHBE and A549 cells. In addition, phosphorylation of the Dectin-1 hem-immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (hemITAM) was essential for the Dectin-1-triggered response to NTHI in A549 cells. In conclusion, in human airways, epithelium-expressed Dectin-1 may play a significant role in generating an NTHI-mediated, proinflammatory immune response. IMPORTANCE In this study, we demonstrated, for the first time, the expression of Dectin-1 on human lung tissues and, in particular, pulmonary epithelium by making use of immunohistochemical staining. The epithelial lining of the human airways is an important interface for host-pathogen interactions. Therefore, our data suggest that epithelium-expressed Dectin-1 is of considerable importance for the interaction of the human airways with pathogens detected by this receptor, such as A. fumigatus and M. tuberculosis. Moreover, we further demonstrated that, in pulmonary epithelial cells, Dectin-1 enhances the proinflammatory immune response to NTHI. In COPD patients, NTHI is a major cause of respiratory tract infections and is associated with proinflammatory immune responses in the lower airways. Therefore, our data suggest that the functional interaction of Dectin-1 with NTHI in human airways may have an important impact on the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Hoving JC, Wilson GJ, Brown GD. Signalling C-type lectin receptors, microbial recognition and immunity. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:185-94. [PMID: 24330199 PMCID: PMC4016756 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Signalling C‐type lectin receptors (CLRs) are crucial in shaping the immune response to fungal pathogens, but comparably little is known about the role of these receptors in bacterial, viral and parasitic infections. CLRs have many diverse functions depending on the signalling motifs in their cytoplasmic domains, and can induce endocytic, phagocytic, antimicrobial, pro‐inflammatory or anti‐inflammatory responses which are either protective or not during an infection. Understanding the role of CLRs in shaping anti‐microbial immunity offers great potential for the future development of therapeutics for disease intervention. In this review we will focus on the recognition of bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens by CLRs, and how these receptors influence the outcome of infection. We will also provide a brief update on the role of CLRs in antifungal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Claire Hoving
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
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Pattern recognition receptors and cytokines in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection--the double-edged sword? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:179174. [PMID: 24350246 PMCID: PMC3844256 DOI: 10.1155/2013/179174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a major cause of human death worldwide. Innate immunity provides host defense against Mtb. Phagocytosis, characterized by recognition of Mtb by macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), is the first step of the innate immune defense mechanism. The recognition of Mtb is mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), expressed on innate immune cells, including toll-like receptors (TLRs), complement receptors, nucleotide oligomerization domain like receptors, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), mannose receptors, CD14 receptors, scavenger receptors, and FCγ receptors. Interaction of mycobacterial ligands with PRRs leads macrophages and DCs to secrete selected cytokines, which in turn induce interferon-γ- (IFNγ-) dominated immunity. IFNγ and other cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) regulate mycobacterial growth, granuloma formation, and initiation of the adaptive immune response to Mtb and finally provide protection to the host. However, Mtb can evade destruction by antimicrobial defense mechanisms of the innate immune system as some components of the system may promote survival of the bacteria in these cells and facilitate pathogenesis. Thus, although innate immunity components generally play a protective role against Mtb, they may also facilitate Mtb survival. The involvement of selected PRRs and cytokines on these seemingly contradictory roles is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Drummond
- University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Section of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen, Scotland.
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25
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Schwartz YS, Svistelnik AV. Functional phenotypes of macrophages and the M1-M2 polarization concept. Part I. Proinflammatory phenotype. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 77:246-60. [PMID: 22803942 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Current concepts concerning the main functional phenotypes of mononuclear phagocytes are systematized, molecular mechanisms of their formation are considered, and the functional polarization concept of macrophages is critically analyzed. Mechanisms of macrophage priming activation mediated by pattern recognition receptors TLR, NLR, RLR, and CLR are described, and the features of each phenotype acquired via various pattern recognition receptors are emphasized. It is concluded that there is a huge variety of proinflammatory phenotypes from highly to poorly polarized ones. Thus the widespread notion of "classical activation" of macrophage concerns just a particular case of proinflammatory phenotype formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sh Schwartz
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630089, Russia.
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26
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Behler F, Steinwede K, Balboa L, Ueberberg B, Maus R, Kirchhof G, Yamasaki S, Welte T, Maus UA. Role of Mincle in alveolar macrophage-dependent innate immunity against mycobacterial infections in mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:3121-9. [PMID: 22869905 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of macrophage-inducible C-type lectin Mincle in lung innate immunity against mycobacterial infection is incompletely defined. In this study, we show that wild-type (WT) mice responded with a delayed Mincle induction on resident alveolar macrophages and newly immigrating exudate macrophages to infection with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), peaking by days 14-21 posttreatment. As compared with WT mice, Mincle knockout (KO) mice exhibited decreased proinflammatory mediator responses and leukocyte recruitment upon M. bovis BCG challenge, and they demonstrated increased mycobacterial loads in pulmonary and extrapulmonary organ systems. Secondary mycobacterial infection on day 14 after primary BCG challenge led to increased cytokine gene expression in sorted alveolar macrophages of WT mice, but not Mincle KO mice, resulting in substantially reduced alveolar neutrophil recruitment and increased mycobacterial loads in the lungs of Mincle KO mice. Collectively, these data show that WT mice respond with a relatively late Mincle expression on lung sentinel cells to M. bovis BCG infection. Moreover, M. bovis BCG-induced upregulation of C-type lectin Mincle on professional phagocytes critically shapes antimycobacterial responses in both pulmonary and extrapulmonary organ systems of mice, which may be important for elucidating the role of Mincle in the control of mycobacterial dissemination in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Behler
- Department of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
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27
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Vijayan D, Radford KJ, Beckhouse AG, Ashman RB, Wells CA. Mincle polarizes human monocyte and neutrophil responses to Candida albicans. Immunol Cell Biol 2012; 90:889-95. [PMID: 22641025 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2012.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and function of the C-type lectin Mincle has not previously been investigated in human cells, although mouse models have demonstrated a non-redundant role for Mincle in the host response to fungal infections. This study identified an unusual pattern of reciprocal expression of Mincle on peripheral blood monocytes or neutrophils isolated from the same donor. Expression on monocytes was inversely correlated with phagocytosis and yeast killing, but was necessary for the induction of inflammatory cytokines in response to ex vivo Candida challenge. In contrast, Mincle expression on neutrophils was associated with phagocytic and candidacidal potential of those cells. Candida challenge upregulated Mincle expression but only in Mincle+ cells. These data highlight species-specific differences between the regulation of Mincle expression in mouse and man. Reciprocal expression of Mincle modified the candidacidal potential of monocytes or neutrophils, suggesting it may also polarize the type of host response to fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Vijayan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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28
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Cellular and humoral mechanisms involved in the control of tuberculosis. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:193923. [PMID: 22666281 PMCID: PMC3362816 DOI: 10.1155/2012/193923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is a major international public health problem. One-third of the world's population is thought to have latent tuberculosis, a condition where individuals are infected by the intracellular bacteria without active disease but are at risk for reactivation, if their immune system fails. Here, we discuss the role of nonspecific inflammatory responses mediated by cytokines and chemokines induced by interaction of innate receptors expressed in macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). We also review current information regarding the importance of several cytokines including IL-17/IL-23 in the development of protective cellular and antibody-mediated protective responses against Mtb and their influence in containment of the infection. Finally, in this paper, emphasis is placed on the mechanisms of failure of Mtb control, including the immune dysregulation induced by the treatment with biological drugs in different autoimmune diseases. Further functional studies, focused on the mechanisms involved in the early host-Mtb interactions and the interplay between host innate and acquired immunity against Mtb, may be helpful to improve the understanding of protective responses in the lung and in the development of novel therapeutic and prophylactic tools in TB.
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van den Berg LM, Gringhuis SI, Geijtenbeek TB. An evolutionary perspective on C-type lectins in infection and immunity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1253:149-58. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06392.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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A20 and ABIN-3 possibly promote regression of trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM)-induced granuloma by interacting with an NF-kappa B signaling protein, TAK-1. Inflamm Res 2011; 61:245-53. [PMID: 22173278 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-011-0406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper is to examine the role of NF-kappa B inhibitors A20 and ABIN-family proteins in the trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM)-induced model of tuberculous granulomatous lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS BALB/c mice were twice injected i.p. with w/o/w emulsions that contain TDM at a 1 week-interval. The mice were killed at days 0, 3, 7, 14, or 21 after the last injection. The mRNA and protein levels of A20 and ABIN-family proteins were measured by real-time PCR using mRNA or protein extract from the lesions. The activation status of NF-kappa B was analyzed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Finally, the protein extracts were immunoprecipitated by anti-ABIN-3 antibody to identify the protein that potentially interacts with ABIN-3. RESULTS The activation of NF-kappa B pathway coincided with granuloma development, while A20 and ABIN-3 increased in accordance with granuloma regression. TAK-1 protein was co-precipitated with ABIN-3 by immunoprecipitation using anti-ABIN-3 antibody. CONCLUSION The results suggest that ABIN-3 contributed to granuloma regression by interacting with TAK-1 and, as a consequence, inhibiting activation of NF-kappa B pathway.
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Novel insights into the innate immune response to non-tuberculous Mycobacteria. Immunol Cell Biol 2011; 90:568-70. [PMID: 21989418 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2011.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Drummond RA, Brown GD. The role of Dectin-1 in the host defence against fungal infections. Curr Opin Microbiol 2011; 14:392-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Kawai T, Akira S. Toll-like receptors and their crosstalk with other innate receptors in infection and immunity. Immunity 2011; 34:637-50. [PMID: 21616434 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2616] [Impact Index Per Article: 201.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that play a central role in host cell recognition and responses to microbial pathogens. TLR-mediated recognition of components derived from a wide range of pathogens and their role in the subsequent initiation of innate immune responses is widely accepted; however, the recent discovery of non-TLR PRRs, such as C-type lectin receptors, NOD-like receptors, and RIG-I-like receptors, suggests that many aspects of innate immunity are more sophisticated and complex. In this review, we will focus on the role played by TLRs in mounting protective immune responses against infection and their crosstalk with other PRRs with respect to pathogen recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kawai
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Huynh KK, Joshi SA, Brown EJ. A delicate dance: host response to mycobacteria. Curr Opin Immunol 2011; 23:464-72. [PMID: 21726990 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an enormously successful human pathogen that can infect its host for decades without causing clinical disease, only to reactivate when host immunity is compromised. A normal immune response thus contains bacterial spread without inducing sterilizing immunity, therefore benefitting both host and pathogen. Recent work has begun to outline the complexity of this host-pathogen interaction and to reveal how the homeostatic balance between the two is achieved. This review focuses on two significant aspects of this delicate dance: the host's initial innate response and the mature granuloma that later contains the pathogen. Here, we review the fine balance of inflammatory events triggered or controlled by both the host and bacteria and implications for the survival of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassidy K Huynh
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Lugo-Villarino G, Hudrisier D, Tanne A, Neyrolles O. C-type lectins with a sweet spot for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2011; 1:25-40. [PMID: 24466434 PMCID: PMC3894812 DOI: 10.1556/eujmi.1.2011.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The pattern of receptors sensing pathogens onto host cells is a key factor that can determine the outcome of the infection. This is particularly true when such receptors belong to the family of pattern recognition receptors involved in immunity. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of tuberculosis interacts with a wide range of pattern-recognition receptors present on phagocytes and belonging to the Toll-like, Nod-like, scavenger and C-type lectin receptor families. A complex scenario where those receptors can establish cross-talks in recognizing pathogens or microbial determinants including mycobacterial components in different spatial and temporal context starts to emerge as a key event in the outcome of the immune response, and thus, the control of the infection. In this review, we will focus our attention on the family of calcium-dependent carbohydrate receptors, the C-type lectin receptors, that is of growing importance in the context of microbial infections. Members of this family appear to be key innate immune receptors of mycobacteria, capable of cross-talk with other pattern recognition receptors to induce or modulate the inflammatory context upon mycobacterial infection.
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