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Tzagiollari A, Redmond J, McCarthy HO, Levingstone TJ, Dunne NJ. Multi-objective property optimisation of a phosphoserine-modified calcium phosphate cement for orthopaedic and dental applications using design of experiments methodology. Acta Biomater 2024; 174:447-462. [PMID: 38000527 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoserine is a ubiquitous molecule found in numerous proteins and, when combined with alpha-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) powder, demonstrates the ability to generate an adhesive biomaterial capable of stabilising and repairing bone fractures. Design of Experiments (DoE) approach was able to optimise the composition of phosphoserine-modified calcium phosphate cement (PM-CPC) demonstrating that the liquid:powder ratio (LPR) and quantity of phosphoserine (wt%) significantly influenced the handling, mechanical, and adhesion properties. Subsequently, the DoE optimisation process identified the optimal PM-CPC formulation, exhibiting a compressive strength of 29.2 ± 4.9 MPa and bond/shear strength of 3.6 ± 0.9 MPa after a 24 h setting reaction. Moreover, the optimal PM-CPC composition necessitated a mixing time of 20 s and displayed an initial setting time between 3 and 4 min, thus enabling homogenous mixing and precise delivery within a surgical environment. Notably, the PM-CPC demonstrated a bone-to-bone bond strength of 1.05 ± 0.3 MPa under wet conditions, coupled with a slow degradation rate during the first five days. These findings highlight the ability of PM-CPC to effectively support and stabilise bone fragments during the initial stages of natural bone healing. The developed PM-CPC formulations fulfil the clinical requirements for working and setting times, static mechanical, degradation properties, and injectability, enabling surgeons to stabilise complex bone fractures. This innovative bioinspired adhesive represents a significant advancement in the treatment of challenging bone injuries, offering precise delivery within a surgical environment and the potential to enhance patient outcomes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This manuscript presents a noteworthy contribution to the field of bone fracture healing and fixation by introducing a novel phosphoserine-modified calcium phosphate cement (PM-CPC) adhesive by incorporating phosphoserine and alpha-TCP. This study demonstrates the fabrication and extensive characterisation of this adhesive biomaterial that holds great promise for stabilising and repairing complex bone fractures. Design of Experiment (DoE) software was used to investigate the correlations between process, property, and structure of the adhesive, resulting in a cost-effective formulation with desirable physical and handling properties. The PM-CPC adhesive exhibited excellent adhesion and cohesion properties in wet-field conditions. This research offers significant potential for clinical translation and contributes to the ongoing advancements in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antzela Tzagiollari
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Centre for Medical Engineering Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - John Redmond
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Centre for Medical Engineering Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya J Levingstone
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Centre for Medical Engineering Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Tissue, Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Nicholas J Dunne
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Centre for Medical Engineering Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom; Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Shalygina K, Lytkina D, Sadykov R, Kurzina I. Composite Cryogels Based on Hydroxyapatite and Polyvinyl Alcohol and the Study of Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:403. [PMID: 38255572 PMCID: PMC10820414 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, due to the increasing number of diseases and injuries related to bone tissue, there is an acute problem of creating a material that could be incorporated into the bone tissue structure and contribute to accelerated bone regeneration. Such materials can be represented by a polymeric matrix that holds the material in the bone and an inorganic component that can be incorporated into the bone structure and promote accelerated bone regeneration. Therefore, in this work we investigated polyvinyl alcohol-based composite cryogels containing an in situ deposited inorganic filler, hydroxyapatite. The freezing temperature was varied during the synthesis process. The composition of the components was determined by infrared spectroscopy and the phase composition by X-ray phase analysis, from which it was found that the main phase of the composite is hydroxyapatite and that the particle size decreases with increasing freezing temperature. The elemental composition of the surface is dominated by carbon, oxygen, phosphorus and calcium; no impurities of other elements not typical for polyvinyl alcohol/ hydroxyapatite cryogels were found. Higher mechanical properties and melting points were observed at -15 °C. Cryogenic treatment parameters did not affect cell viability; however, cell viability was above 80% in all samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Irina Kurzina
- Faculty of Chemistry, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.S.); (D.L.); (R.S.)
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Kiakojoori K, Najafi F, Torshabi M, Kazemi S, Rabiee SM, Nojehdehian H. Synthesis and characterization of a calcium phosphate bone cement with quercetin-containing PEEK/PLGA microparticles. Biomed Mater 2022; 18. [PMID: 36327455 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac9ffe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the synthesis and characterization of a calcium phosphate cement (CPC) with polyetheretherketone/poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PEEK/PLGA) micro-particles containing quercetin. CPC powder was synthesized by mixing dicalcium phosphate anhydrate and tetracalcium phosphate. To synthesize PEEK/PLGA microparticles, PLGA85:15 was mixed with 90 wt% PEEK. The weight ratio of quercetin/PLGA/PEEK was 1:9:90 wt%. PEEK/PLGA/quercetin microparticles with 3, 5, and 6 wt% was added to CPC. The setting time, compressive strength, drug release profile, solubility, pH, and porosity of synthesized cement were evaluated. The morphology and physicochemical properties of particles was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay using dental pulp stem cells. Expression of osteoblastic differentiation genes was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (alpha = 0.05). The setting time of 3 wt% CPC was significantly longer than 5 and 6 wt% CPC (P< 0.001). The 6 wt% CPC had significantly higher compressive strength than other groups (P= 0.001). The release of quercetin from CPCs increased for 5 d, and then reached a plateau. XRD and FTIR confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite in cement composition. Significantly higher expression of osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN) was noted in 3 wt% and 6 wt% CPCs. Addition of quercetin-containing PEEK/PLGA microparticles to CPC enhanced its compressive strength, decreased its setting time, enabled controlled drug release, and up-regulated OPN and OCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana Kiakojoori
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhood Najafi
- Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Torshabi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sohrab Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahmood Rabiee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
| | - Hanieh Nojehdehian
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lacan I, Moldovan M, Sarosi C, Ardelean I. Chitosan Effect on Hardening Dynamics of Calcium Phosphate Cement: Low-Field NMR Relaxometry Investigations. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153042. [PMID: 35956557 PMCID: PMC9370822 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate cements are used in dentistry and orthopedics to repair and reconstruct bone defects. The properties of these bone cements can be improved by introducing additives into their composition. One favorable additive is chitosan, which can be beneficial but can also cause considerable damage if it has a high load, thus, limiting its clinical applicability and performance. That is why understanding chitosan’s role in cement composition is an important issue when developing new materials. The present work uses low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry to investigate the effect introduced by the addition of chitosan on the hardening process of calcium phosphate cement. Two samples, prepared with and without chitosan, were comparatively investigated during the first six minutes of hardening. The liquid evolution inside these samples was monitored using transverse relaxation time distributions. It demonstrated an acceleration effect on the hardening dynamics introduced by the presence of chitosan. Furthermore, it was shown that even after one hour of hardening, there were still unreacted monomers inside the bone cement and their amount was reduced in the presence of chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Lacan
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Mărioara Moldovan
- Department of Polymer Composites, “Raluca Ripan” Chemistry Research Institute, “Babes-Bolyai” University, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Codruța Sarosi
- Department of Polymer Composites, “Raluca Ripan” Chemistry Research Institute, “Babes-Bolyai” University, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Ioan Ardelean
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence:
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Aghali A. Craniofacial Bone Tissue Engineering: Current Approaches and Potential Therapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112993. [PMID: 34831216 PMCID: PMC8616509 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial bone defects can result from various disorders, including congenital malformations, tumor resection, infection, severe trauma, and accidents. Successfully regenerating cranial defects is an integral step to restore craniofacial function. However, challenges managing and controlling new bone tissue formation remain. Current advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine use innovative techniques to address these challenges. The use of biomaterials, stromal cells, and growth factors have demonstrated promising outcomes in vitro and in vivo. Natural and synthetic bone grafts combined with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) and growth factors have shown encouraging results in regenerating critical-size cranial defects. One of prevalent growth factors is Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2). BMP-2 is defined as a gold standard growth factor that enhances new bone formation in vitro and in vivo. Recently, emerging evidence suggested that Megakaryocytes (MKs), induced by Thrombopoietin (TPO), show an increase in osteoblast proliferation in vitro and bone mass in vivo. Furthermore, a co-culture study shows mature MKs enhance MSC survival rate while maintaining their phenotype. Therefore, MKs can provide an insight as a potential therapy offering a safe and effective approach to regenerating critical-size cranial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbi Aghali
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47908, USA
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Malmberg P, Lopes VR, Billström GH, Gallinetti S, Illies C, Linder LKB, Birgersson U. Targeted ToF-SIMS Analysis of Macrophage Content from a Human Cranial Triphasic Calcium Phosphate Implant. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6791-6798. [PMID: 35006979 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play a key role in determining the fate of implanted biomaterials, especially for biomaterials such as calcium phosphates (CaPs) where these cells play a vital role in material resorption and osteogenesis, as shown in different models, including clinical samples. Although substantial consideration is given to the design and validation of different CaPs, relatively little is known about their material-cell interaction. Specifically, the intracellular content of different CaP phases remains to be assessed, even though CaP-filled macrophages have been observed in several studies. In this study, 2D/3D ToF-SIMS imaging and multivariate analysis were directly applied on the histology samples of an explant to reveal the content of macrophages. The cellular content of the macrophages was analyzed to distinguish three CaP phases, monetite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, and pyrophosphate, which are all part of the monetite-based CaP implant composition under study. ToF-SIMS combined with histology revealed that the content of the identified macrophages was most similar to that of the pyrophosphate phase. This study is the first to uncover distinct CaP phases in macrophages from a human multiphasic CaP explant by targeted direct cell content analysis. The uncovering of pyrophosphate as the main phase found inside the macrophages is of great importance to understand the impact of the selected material in the process of biomaterial-instructed osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Malmberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Viviana R Lopes
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gry Hulsart Billström
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Gallinetti
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Science Section, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christopher Illies
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Kihlström Burenstam Linder
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurosurgical Section, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrik Birgersson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurosurgical Section, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Imaging and Technology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, 14152 Huddinge, Sweden
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7
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Medvecky L, Štulajterová R, Giretova M, Luptakova L, Sopčák T. Injectable Enzymatically Hardened Calcium Phosphate Biocement. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11040074. [PMID: 33053846 PMCID: PMC7711669 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The preparation and characterization of novel fully injectable enzymatically hardened tetracalcium phosphate/monetite cements (CXI cements) using phytic acid/phytase (PHYT/F3P) hardening liquid with a small addition of polyacrylic acid/carboxymethyl cellulose anionic polyelectrolyte (PAA/CMC) and enhanced bioactivity. (2) Methods: Composite cements were prepared by mixing of calcium phosphate powder mixture with hardening liquid containing anionic polyelectrolyte. Phase and microstructural analysis, compressive strength, release of ions and in vitro testing were used for the evaluation of cement properties. (3) Results: The simple possibility to control the setting time of self-setting CXI cements was shown (7–28 min) by the change in P/L ratio or PHYT/F3P reaction time. The wet compressive strength of cements (up to 15 MPa) was close to cancellous bone. The increase in PAA content to 1 wt% caused refinement and change in the morphology of hydroxyapatite particles. Cement pastes had a high resistance to wash-out in a short time after cement mixing. The noncytotoxic character of CX cement extracts was verified. Moreover, PHYT supported the formation of Ca deposits, and the additional synergistic effect of PAA and CMC on enhanced ALP activity was found, along with the strong up-regulation of osteogenic gene expressions for osteopontin, osteocalcin and IGF1 growth factor evaluated by the RT-qPCR analysis in osteogenic αMEM 50% CXI extracts. (4) Conclusions: The fully injectable composite calcium phosphate bicements with anionic polyelectrolyte addition showed good mechanical and physico-chemical properties and enhanced osteogenic bioactivity which is a promising assumption for their application in bone defect regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubomir Medvecky
- Institute of Materials Research of SAS, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia; (R.Š.); (M.G.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Radoslava Štulajterová
- Institute of Materials Research of SAS, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia; (R.Š.); (M.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Maria Giretova
- Institute of Materials Research of SAS, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia; (R.Š.); (M.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Lenka Luptakova
- Institute of Biology, Zoology and Radiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 04181 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Tibor Sopčák
- Institute of Materials Research of SAS, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia; (R.Š.); (M.G.); (T.S.)
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Güben E, Arıcı Ş, Bayır D, Bozdağ E, Ege D. Preparation of calcium phosphate/carboxymethylcellulose-based bone cements. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2020. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.19.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Güben
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şule Arıcı
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilara Bayır
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ergün Bozdağ
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Ege
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bystrom JL, Pujari-Palmer M. Phosphoserine Functionalized Cements Preserve Metastable Phases, and Reprecipitate Octacalcium Phosphate, Hydroxyapatite, Dicalcium Phosphate, and Amorphous Calcium Phosphate, during Degradation, In Vitro. J Funct Biomater 2019; 10:E54. [PMID: 31783637 PMCID: PMC6963472 DOI: 10.3390/jfb10040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoserine modified cements (PMC) exhibit unique properties, including strong adhesion to tissues and biomaterials. While TTCP-PMCs remodel into bone in vivo, little is known regarding the bioactivity and physiochemical changes that occur during resorption. In the present study, changes in the mechanical strength and composition were evaluated for 28 days, for three formulations of αTCP based PMCs. PMCs were significantly stronger than unmodified cement (38-49 MPa vs. 10 MPa). Inclusion of wollastonite in PMCs appeared to accelerate the conversion to hydroxyapatite, coincident with slight decrease in strength. In non-wollastonite PMCs the initial compressive strength did not change after 28 days in PBS (p > 0.99). Dissolution/degradation of PMC was evaluated in acidic (pH 2.7, pH 4.0), and supersaturated fluids (simulated body fluid (SBF)). PMCs exhibited comparable mass loss (<15%) after 14 days, regardless of pH and ionic concentration. Electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray analysis revealed that significant amounts of brushite, octacalcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite reprecipitated, following dissolution in acidic conditions (pH 2.7), while amorphous calcium phosphate formed in SBF. In conclusion, PMC surfaces remodel into metastable precursors to hydroxyapatite, in both acidic and neutral environments. By tuning the composition of PMCs, durable strength in fluids, and rapid transformation can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Pujari-Palmer
- Applied Material Science, Department of Engineering, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden;
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Effects of different radio-opacifying agents on physicochemical and biological properties of a novel root-end filling material. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191123. [PMID: 29420559 PMCID: PMC5805173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Purpose Radio-opacity is an essential attribute of ideal root-end filling materials because it is important for clinicians to observe root canal filling and to facilitate the follow-up instructions. The novel root-end filling material (NRFM) has good cytocompatibility and physicochemical properties but low intrinsic radio-opacity value. To improve its radio-opacity value, three novel radio-opaque root-end filling materials (NRRFMs) were developed by adding barium sulphate (NRFM-Ba), bismuth trioxide (NRFM-Bi) and zirconium dioxide (NRFM-Zr) to NRFM, respectively. The purpose of this study was to identify the suitable radio-opacifier for NRFM through evaluating their physicochemical and biological properties, in comparison with NRFM and glass ionomer cement (GIC). Methods NRRFMs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR). Physicochemical properties including setting time, compressive strength, porosity, pH variation, solubility, washout resistance, contact angle and radiopacity were investigated. Cytocompatibility of both freshly mixed and set NRRFMs was investigated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and alizarin red staining were used to investigate the osteogenic differentiation potential of NRFM-Zr. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA (pH variation, solubility and ALP activity) and one-way ANOVA (for the other variables). Results (1) NRRFMs were primarily composed of hydroxyapatite, calcium carboxylate salt and the corresponding radio-opacity agents (barium sulphate, bismuth trioxide or zirconium dioxide). (2) Besides similar physicochemical properties in terms of setting time, pH variation, solubility, washout resistance and contact angle to NRFM, NRFM-Bi and NRFM-Zr exhibited lower porosity and greater compressive strength after being set for 7 days and their radio-opacity were greater than the 3 mm aluminium thickness specified in ISO 6876 (2001). (3) MTT assay revealed that freshly mixed and set NRFM-Zr presented better cell viability than NRFM-Ba and NRFM-Bi at 24 hours and 48 hours (P<0.05). (4) NRFM-Zr significantly enhanced ALP activity and calcium formation of human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells when compared with negative group and GIC (P<0.05). Conclusion NRFM-Zr presents desirable physicochemical and biological properties, thus zirconium dioxide may be a suitable radio-opacifier for NRFM.
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11
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Perez RA, Shin SH, Han CM, Kim HW. Bioactive injectables based on calcium phosphates for hard tissues: A recent update. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-015-0096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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12
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Tappa KK, Jammalamadaka UM, Mills DK. Design and evaluation of a nanoenhanced anti-infective calcium phosphate bone cements. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2014:3921-4. [PMID: 25570849 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6944481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Post-operative complications due to infections are the most common problems that occur following dental and orthopedic implant surgeries and bone repair procedures. Preventing post-surgical infections is therefore a critical need that current polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement fail to address. Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are unique in their ability to crystallize calcium and phosphate salts into hydroxyapatite (HA) and hence is naturally osteoconductive. Due to its low mechanical strength its use in implant fixation and bone repair is limited to non-load bearing applications. The present work describes a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite with enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties.
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Sony S, Suresh Babu S, Nishad KV, Varma H, Komath M. Development of an injectable bioactive bone filler cement with hydrogen orthophosphate incorporated calcium sulfate. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:5355. [PMID: 25578708 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcium sulfate cement (CSC) has emerged as a potential bone filler material mainly because of the possibility of incorporating therapeutic agents. Delivery of the cement through a needle or cannula will make it more useful in clinical applications. However, it was not possible to make CSC injectable because of the inherent lack of viscosity. The present work demonstrates the design development of a viscous and fully-injectable CSC by incorporating hydrogen orthophosphate ions, which does not hamper the biocompatibility of the material. The effect of addition of hydrogen orthophosphate on the rheological properties of the CSC paste was studied using a custom made capillary rheometer. The physicochemical changes associated with cement setting process were examined using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the thermal changes were measured through isothermal differential scanning calorimetry. Micromorphological features of different compositions were observed in environmental scanning electron microscopy and the presence of phosphate ions was identified with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. The results indicated that HPO4 (2-) ions have profound effects on the rheological properties and setting of the CSC paste. Significant finding is that the HPO4 (2-) ions are getting substituted in the calcium sulfate dihydrate crystals during setting. The variations of setting time and compressive strength of the cement with the additive concentration were investigated. An optimum concentration of 2.5 % w/w gave a fully-injectable cement with clinically relevant setting time (below 20 min) and compressive strength (12 MPa). It was possible to inject the optimised cement paste from a syringe through an 18-gauge needle with thumb pressure. This cement will be useful both as bone filler and as a local drug delivery medium and it allows minimally invasive bone defect management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Sony
- Biomedical Technology Wing, Bioceramics Laboratory, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, 695012, India
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Effects of adding resorbable phosphate glass fibres and PLA to calcium phosphate bone cements. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2014; 12:203-9. [PMID: 24744228 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs), due to their biocompatibility and degradation properties, are being widely investigated as a replacement to more commonly used polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) for vertebroplasty. CPCs have shown the potential to be replaced by host bone tissue during the healing/remodelling process. However, brittleness and comparatively low strength restrict the use of CPC in load-bearing applications. Although porous CPC can integrate with bone over time, slow degradation profiles and poor interconnectivity between pores restricts osseointegration to the top layer of CPC only. METHODS Polylactic acid (PLA) and phosphate glass fibres (PGFs) were incorporated in a CPC matrix to overcome the problem of inherent brittleness and limited osseointegration. RESULTS Incorporation of PLA and PGFs within CPC was successful in achieving a much less brittle CPC matrix without affecting the mechanical properties of CPC. The area under the stress-strain curve showed that the total energy to failure of the CPC hybrid was significantly greater than that of the CPC control. CONCLUSIONS The methodology adopted here to add PLA within the CPC matrix may also allow for incorporation of PLA cross-linked biochemicals. Micrographic studies revealed that it was possible to confer control over pore size, shape and interconnectivity without negatively affecting the mechanical properties of the cement. This tailorable porosity could potentially lead to better osseointegration within CPC.
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Magnesium substitution in brushite cements for enhanced bone tissue regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 43:403-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Engstrand J, Persson C, Engqvist H. Influence of polymer addition on the mechanical properties of a premixed calcium phosphate cement. BIOMATTER 2013; 3:27249. [PMID: 24270588 DOI: 10.4161/biom.27249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Premixed calcium phosphate cements can reduce handling complications that are associated with the mixing of cements in the operating room. However, to extend the clinical indication of ceramic cements their mechanical properties need to be further improved. The incorporation of a polymeric material with intrinsically high tensile properties could possibly assist in increasing the mechanical properties of calcium phosphate cement. In this study polymer microparticles made from poly(lactid-co-glycolide) plasticised with poly(ethylene glycol) 400 (PLGA/PEG microparticles) were added in amounts of up to 5 wt% to a premixed acidic calcium phosphate cement. The PLGA/PEG microparticles added undergo a shape transformation at 37 °C, which could give a better integration between polymer microparticles and ceramic cement compared with polymer microparticles lacking this property. The results showed that the incorporation of 1.25 wt% PLGA/PEG microparticles increased the compressive strength by approximately 20% up to 15.1 MPa while the diametral tensile strength was kept constant. The incorporation of PLGA/PEG microparticles increased the brushite to monetite ratio after setting compared with pure ceramic cements. In conclusion, small amounts of PLGA/PEG microparticles can be incorporated into premixed acidic calcium phosphate cement and increase their mechanical properties, which could lead to increased future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Engstrand
- Division of Applied Materials Science; Department of Engineering Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Persson
- Division of Applied Materials Science; Department of Engineering Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Engqvist
- Division of Applied Materials Science; Department of Engineering Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala, Sweden
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Perez RA, Kim HW, Ginebra MP. Polymeric additives to enhance the functional properties of calcium phosphate cements. J Tissue Eng 2012; 3:2041731412439555. [PMID: 22511991 PMCID: PMC3324842 DOI: 10.1177/2041731412439555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of materials used in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are based on calcium phosphates due to their similarity with the mineral phase of natural bone. Among them, calcium phosphate cements, which are composed of a powder and a liquid that are mixed to obtain a moldable paste, are widely used. These calcium phosphate cement pastes can be injected using minimally invasive surgery and adapt to the shape of the defect, resulting in an entangled network of calcium phosphate crystals. Adding an organic phase to the calcium phosphate cement formulation is a very powerful strategy to enhance some of the properties of these materials. Adding some water-soluble biocompatible polymers in the calcium phosphate cement liquid or powder phase improves physicochemical and mechanical properties, such as injectability, cohesion, and toughness. Moreover, adding specific polymers can enhance the biological response and the resorption rate of the material. The goal of this study is to overview the most relevant advances in this field, focusing on the different types of polymers that have been used to enhance specific calcium phosphate cement properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A Perez
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics, and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and WCU Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics, and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
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