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Guo M, Sun Y, Wei Y, Xu J, Zhang C. Advances in targeted therapy and biomarker research in thyroid cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1372553. [PMID: 38501105 PMCID: PMC10944873 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1372553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Driven by the intricacy of the illness and the need for individualized treatments, targeted therapy and biomarker research in thyroid cancer represent an important frontier in oncology. The variety of genetic changes associated with thyroid cancer demand more investigation to elucidate molecular details. This research is clinically significant since it can be used to develop customized treatment plans. A more focused approach is provided by targeted therapies, which target certain molecular targets such as mutant BRAF or RET proteins. This strategy minimizes collateral harm to healthy tissues and may also reduce adverse effects. Simultaneously, patient categorization based on molecular profiles is made possible by biomarker exploration, which allows for customized therapy regimens and maximizes therapeutic results. The benefits of targeted therapy and biomarker research go beyond their immediate clinical impact to encompass the whole cancer landscape. Comprehending the genetic underpinnings of thyroid cancer facilitates the creation of novel treatments that specifically target aberrant molecules. This advances the treatment of thyroid cancer and advances precision medicine, paving the way for the treatment of other cancers. Taken simply, more study on thyroid cancer is promising for better patient care. The concepts discovered during this investigation have the potential to completely transform the way that care is provided, bringing in a new era of personalized, precision medicine. This paradigm shift could improve the prognosis and quality of life for individuals with thyroid cancer and act as an inspiration for advances in other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Guo
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuyao Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianxin Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Barry E, Gilley DR, Tassone P. A case of vagal paraganglioma initially diagnosed as metastatic thyroid cancer from fine-needle aspiration. Am J Otolaryngol 2023; 44:103744. [PMID: 36628912 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elsie Barry
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Degree Program, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - David R Gilley
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Patrick Tassone
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
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3
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Dixit S, Diwaker P, Wadhwa N, Arora VK. Galectin-3 and CD117 immunocytochemistry in the diagnosis of indeterminate thyroid lesions: A pilot study. Diagn Cytopathol 2021; 49:1129-1137. [PMID: 34297482 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indeterminate thyroid lesions have always been a grey zone in the field of thyroid cytopathology. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) has emerged as a promising tool to correctly classify these indeterminate thyroid lesions into benign and malignant. Hence we planned to assess a panel of immune markers in the diagnosis of indeterminate thyroid lesions consisting of Galectin-3, considered positive for malignancy and CD117 which is positive in benign follicular epithelial cells and negative in malignant lesions. METHODS All the thyroid aspirates reported as indeterminate lesions over a period of 3 years were evaluated. Galectin-3 and CD117 immunocytochemistry was done in 50 alcohol fixed Pap stained smears of AUS/FLUS, FN/SFN and SM category lesions. The expression of both immune markers was assessed by semi-quantitative method and ICC score was calculated. RESULT Of 50 indeterminate lesions, 29 were positive for Galectin-3 and 21 were negative. CD117 was positive in 19 cases and rests 31 were negative. With the use of this ICC panel 29/30 indeterminate lesions in which histopathological correlation was available could be recategorized correctly into benign and malignant. The combined sensitivity and specificity of Galectin-3 and CD117 for categorising the indeterminate lesions into malignant category was 100%. CONCLUSION The combined use of positive and negative immune markers for thyroid malignancy increases the sensitivity and specificity of ICC to categorise the indeterminate thyroid lesions into benign and malignant. In cases with discordant ICC results we propose that inclusion of one additional positive and/or negative marker may resolve the diagnostic dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Dixit
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Preeti Diwaker
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Wadhwa
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Vinod K Arora
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
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Beneficial Effect of Heat-induced Antigen Retrieval in Immunocytochemical Detection of Intracellular Antigens in Alcohol-fixed Cell Samples. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2020; 28:166-174. [PMID: 32044886 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry (ICC) play an irreplaceable role in research and diagnostics. It is well known that antigen retrieval (AR) can, as a technique, have beneficial outcomes on immunohistochemistry results when using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples. The main purpose of AR is to break protein crosslinks which are formed during formalin fixation. Although AR was originally designed for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples, the usefulness of AR in ICC has been described in previous studies. Cytologic samples are often fixed in alcohol-based fixatives which does not lead to the formation of crosslinks. Therefore, alcohol-fixed samples can be successfully immunostained without AR. We investigated the effect of heat-induced antigen retrieval (HIAR) on alcohol-fixed HEK293 cell line samples and patient cytologic samples from thyroid gland obtained by fine needle aspiration technique. We compared indirect 2-step ICC staining results performed according to the protocol with or without HIAR in citrate buffer pH 6 for several antibodies. Utilizing HIAR against intracellular antigens has beneficial effects. Therefore, more diluted antibodies can be used for satisfactory results. However, surface antigens were probably damaged by HIAR treatment. We demonstrated evident changes in cell surface topography after HIAR treatment by atomic force microscopy. Staining specificity of patient samples improves and background staining is reduced, allowing higher dilutions of primary antibody. Improving staining specificity is necessary for accurate diagnostics. Although we have shown the beneficial effect of HIAR for immunostaining intracellular antigens, proper staining protocol should be tested on appropriate controls for individual antibodies.
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Prediction of Immunohistochemistry of Suspected Thyroid Nodules by Use of Machine Learning-Based Radiomics. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2019; 213:1348-1357. [PMID: 31461321 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.19.21626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a radiomics model for evaluating immunohistochemical characteristics in patients with suspected thyroid nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 103 patients (training cohort-to-validation cohort ratio, ≈ 3:1) with suspected thyroid nodules who had undergone thyroidectomy and immunohistochemical analysis were enrolled. The immunohistochemical markers were cytokeratin 19, galectin 3, thyroperoxidase, and high-molecular-weight cytokeratin. All patients underwent CT before surgery, and a 3D slicer was used to analyze images of the surgical specimen. Test-retest and Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ) were used to select reproducible and nonredundant features. The Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) was used for feature selection, and a feature-based model was built by support vector machine methods. The performance of the radiomic models was assessed with respect to accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, corresponding AUC, and independent validation. RESULTS. Eighty-six reproducible and nonredundant features selected from the 828 features were used to build the model. The best performance of the cytokeratin 19 model yielded accuracy of 84.4% in the training cohort and 80.0% in the validation cohort. The thyroperoxidase and galectin 3 predictive models yielded accuracies of 81.4% and 82.5% in the training cohort and 84.2% and 85.0% in the validation cohort. The performance of the high-molecular-weight cytokeratin predictive model was not good (accuracy, 65.7%) and could not be validated. CONCLUSION. A radiomics model with excellent performance was developed for individualized noninvasive prediction of the presence of cytokeratin 19, galectin 3, and thyroperoxidase based on CT images. This model may be used to identify benign and malignant thyroid nodules.
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Zhou C, Yang C, Chong D. E-cadherin expression is associated with susceptibility and clinicopathological characteristics of thyroid cancer: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16187. [PMID: 31348230 PMCID: PMC6709073 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, many studies have been carried out to investigate the clinicopathological significance of E-cadherin expression in thyroid cancer. However, the results remained inconsistent. In the present study, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the associations of E-cadherin expression with susceptibility and clinicopathological characteristics of thyroid cancer. METHODS Eligible studies were searched from Medicine, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases. The strength of associations between E-cadherin expression and susceptibility and clinicopathological features of thyroid cancer were assessed by pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Forty-six studies with 1700 controls and 2298 thyroid cancer patients were included for this meta-analysis. Pooled results indicated that E-cadherin expression was significantly associated with susceptibility of papillary cancer and follicular cancer (papillary cancer, ORs = 14.31, 95% CIs = 3.42-59.90; follicular cancer, ORs = 10.14, 95% CI = 4.52-22.75). Significant association between E-cadherin expression and thyroid cancer risk was also observed in the subgroup analysis based on control group (normal thyroid tissue, ORs = 28.28, 95% CI = 8.36-95.63; adjacent thyroid tissue, ORs = 8.83, 95% CI = 3.27-23.85; benign thyroid tissue, ORs = 43.96, 95% CI = 9.91-194.95). In addition, E-cadherin expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, differentiation, and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage of thyroid cancer (lymph node metastasis, ORs = 3.21, 95% CI = 1.98-5.20; differentiation, ORs = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.07-0.82; TNM stage, ORs = 4.85, 95% CI = 2.86-8.25). CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that E-cadherin expression was significantly associated with susceptibility and clinicopathological characteristics of thyroid cancer, which suggested that E-cadherin expression might be a potential predictive factor for clinical progression of thyroid cancer.
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El-Gendi SM, Tawil GHE, Bessa SS, Kobil AMA. Immunohistochemical expression of CD44v6 in differentiated thyroid carcinomas. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samer Saad Bessa
- Department of General Surgery, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
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Takada N, Hirokawa M, Suzuki A, Higuchi M, Kuma S, Miyauchi A. Diagnostic value of GATA-3 in cytological identification of parathyroid tissues. Endocr J 2016; 63:621-6. [PMID: 27097544 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej15-0700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid and thyroid lesions appear morphologically similar in cytological smears, and their differentiation can be difficult. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3 as a marker of parathyroid differentiation in cytology specimens, and to examine the utility of liquid-based cytology (LBC). Cytology smears obtained from surgically removed parathyroid and thyroid specimens, including 15 normal parathyroid glands, 12 cases of parathyroid hyperplasia, 55 parathyroid adenomas, 2 follicular thyroid adenomas, and 3 papillary thyroid carcinomas, were examined by immunocytochemistry using antibodies against GATA-3, parathyroid hormone (PTH), chromogranin A, and thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1). All normal and hyperplastic parathyroids and 98.2% of parathyroid adenomas were positive for GATA-3, while 33.3%, 66.7%, and 60.0% of them, respectively, were positive for PTH. The positive rates for chromogranin A among normal parathyroids (80.0%) and parathyroid adenomas (87.3%) were lower than those for GATA-3. At the same time, all thyroid-derived tumours were positive for TTF-1 and negative for GATA-3, PTH, and chromogranin A. LBC smears of 35 parathyroid lesions indicated that the positive rates for GATA-3, PTH, and chromogranin A were 97.1 %, 97.1%, and 100%, respectively, while in conventional smears, those for PTH (25.5%) and chromogranin A (78.7%) were significantly lower (p < 0.01). Our results suggest that GATA-3 is a more reliable biomarker than PTH or chromogranin A in differentiating parathyroid from thyroid lesions in cytology smears and that LBC is useful in detecting cytoplasmic antigens such as PTH and chromogranin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Takada
- Department of Laboratory, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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Bandoh N, Goto T, Akahane T, Ohnuki N, Yamaguchi T, Kamada H, Harabuchi Y, Tanaka S, Nishihara H. Diagnostic value of liquid-based cytology with fine needle aspiration specimens for cervical lymphadenopathy. Diagn Cytopathol 2016; 44:169-76. [PMID: 26748563 PMCID: PMC5066749 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Cervical lymphadenopathy is a symptom that is frequently seen among outpatients, and it is important to differentiate malignant lesions from reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology has been widely used for the diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy. However, some limitations of the diagnostic accuracy using conventional smear (CS) cytology have been pointed out. The diagnostic value of liquid‐based cytology (LBC) with FNA specimens has not yet been fully proven. Methods Forty‐two patients with cervical lymphadenopathy who underwent FNA with CS cytology from 2007 to 2011 and 123 patients who underwent FNA with LBC utilizing LBCPREP2™ from 2011 to 2015 were studied. Diagnostic values were compared between the CS and the LBC groups. Results Of the total 165 patients representing the combined CS and LBC groups, 81 (49.1%) were diagnosed as benign lymph node and 84 (50.9%) were malignant diseases including 37 (22.4%) of metastatic carcinoma except for thyroid carcinoma, 30 (18.2%) of metastatic thyroid carcinoma, and 17 (10.3%) of malignant lymphoma. The overall statistical values including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the CS were 75%, 100%, 100%, 78.9%, and 87.1%, respectively, whereas those values for LBC were 91.2%, 100%, 100%, 90.7%, and 95.3%, respectively. The sensitivity of LBC for malignant diseases tended to be higher than that of CS cytology (p = 0.081). Conclusion LBC with FNA specimens from cervical lymphadenopathy is a useful and reliable method for the diagnosis of malignant diseases, especially of metastatic carcinomas, due to its increased sensitivity compared with CS cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:169–176. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Bandoh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokuto Hospital, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Goto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokuto Hospital, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Akahane
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Laboratory of Cancer Medical Science, Hokuto Hospital, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Natsumi Ohnuki
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Laboratory of Cancer Medical Science, Hokuto Hospital, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamaguchi
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Laboratory of Cancer Medical Science, Hokuto Hospital, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hajime Kamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokuto Hospital, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Harabuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Laboratory of Cancer Medical Science, Hokuto Hospital, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Simms A, Jacob RP, Cohen C, Siddiqui MT. TROP-2 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol 2015; 44:26-31. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.23382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Simms
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Emory University Hospital; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Reuben P. Jacob
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Emory University Hospital; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Cynthia Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Emory University Hospital; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Momin T. Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Emory University Hospital; Atlanta Georgia
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Bizzarro T, Martini M, Marrocco C, D’Amato D, Traini E, Lombardi CP, Pontecorvi A, Fadda G, Larocca LM, Rossi ED. The Role of CD56 in Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology: A Pilot Study Performed on Liquid Based Cytology. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132939. [PMID: 26186733 PMCID: PMC4505897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fine needle aspiration Cytology (FNAC) fulfills a reliable role in the evaluation of thyroid lesions. Although the majority of nodules are quite easily diagnosed as benign or malignant, 30% of them represent an indeterminate category whereby the application of ancillary techniques (i.e. immunocytochemistry-ICC and molecular testing) has been encouraged. The search for a specific immunomarker of malignancy sheds light on a huge number of ICC stains although none of them attempt to yield 100% conclusive results. Our aim was to define in a pilot study on thyroid FNAC whether CD56 might be a valid marker also in comparison with HBME-1 and Galectin-3. Materials and Methods Inasmuch as this is the largest pilot study using only liquid based cytology (LBC), we selected all the cases only in the categories of benign nodules (BN) and positive for malignancy (PM) for validation purposes. Eighty-five consecutive (including 50 PM and 35 BN) out of 950 thyroid FNACs had surgical follow-up. The ICC panel (HBME-1, Galectin-3 and CD56) was carried out on LBC and histology. Results All BNs and PMs were histological confirmed. CD56 was negative in 96% of the PM while 68.5% of the BNs showed cytoplasmic positivity for this marker, with an overall high sensitivity (96%) but lower specificity (69%). In specific, our 96% of the PMs did not show any follicular cell with CD56 expression. Different ICC combinations were evaluated showing that the panel made up of CD56 plus HBME-1 and Galectin-3 had the highest sensitivity (98%) and specificity (86%). Conclusions Our pilot study suggests that CD56 may be a good marker for ruling out PTC and its variants. The low specificity suggests that an immunopanel including also HBME-1 and Galectin-3 could obtain the highest diagnostic accuracy in thyroid lesions. Our results suggest that CD56 may be a feasible additional marker for identifying malignancies also in the FNs and SMs.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/diagnosis
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/pathology
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Biopsy, Fine-Needle/methods
- Blood Proteins
- CD56 Antigen/genetics
- CD56 Antigen/metabolism
- Carcinoma/diagnosis
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/metabolism
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Carcinoma, Papillary
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Galectin 3/genetics
- Galectin 3/metabolism
- Galectins
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Pilot Projects
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary
- Thyroid Gland/metabolism
- Thyroid Gland/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Thyroid Nodule/diagnosis
- Thyroid Nodule/genetics
- Thyroid Nodule/metabolism
- Thyroid Nodule/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Bizzarro
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, “Agostino Gemelli” School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Martini
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, “Agostino Gemelli” School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Marrocco
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, “Agostino Gemelli” School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Donato D’Amato
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, “Agostino Gemelli” School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Traini
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, “Agostino Gemelli” School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Celestino Pio Lombardi
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, “Agostino Gemelli” School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Division of Endocrinology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, “Agostino Gemelli” School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Fadda
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, “Agostino Gemelli” School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Maria Larocca
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, “Agostino Gemelli” School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Esther Diana Rossi
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, “Agostino Gemelli” School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Ohta M, Ookoshi T, Naiki H, Imamura Y. HBME-1 and CD15 immunocytochemistry in the follicular variant of thyroid papillary carcinoma. Pathol Int 2015; 65:119-25. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ohta
- Department of Pathology; Fukui Red Cross Hospital; Fukui Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathology; Department of Pathological Sciences; Faculty of Medical Sciences; University of Fukui; Fukui Japan
| | - Tadakazu Ookoshi
- Division of Molecular Pathology; Department of Pathological Sciences; Faculty of Medical Sciences; University of Fukui; Fukui Japan
| | - Hironobu Naiki
- Division of Molecular Pathology; Department of Pathological Sciences; Faculty of Medical Sciences; University of Fukui; Fukui Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Imamura
- Division of Surgical Pathology; University of Fukui Hospital; Fukui Japan
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13
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Lacoste-Collin L, d'Aure D, Bérard E, Rouquette I, Delisle MB, Courtade-Saïdi M. Improvement of the cytological diagnostic accuracy of follicular thyroid lesions by the use of the Ki-67 proliferative index in addition to cytokeratin-19 and HBME-1 immunomarkers: a study of 61 cases of liquid-based FNA cytology with histological control. Cytopathology 2014; 25:160-9. [DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Lacoste-Collin
- Department of Pathology and Histology-Cytology; Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital; Toulouse Cedex France
| | - D. d'Aure
- Department of Pathology and Histology-Cytology; Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital; Toulouse Cedex France
| | - E. Bérard
- Department of Epidemiology; Health Economics and Public Health; UMR-1027 INSERM Toulouse III University; Toulouse University Hospital; Toulouse France
| | - I. Rouquette
- Department of Pathology and Histology-Cytology; Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital; Toulouse Cedex France
| | - M. B. Delisle
- Department of Pathology and Histology-Cytology; Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital; Toulouse Cedex France
| | - M. Courtade-Saïdi
- Department of Pathology and Histology-Cytology; Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital; Toulouse Cedex France
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Zimmermann AK, Camenisch U, Rechsteiner MP, Bode-Lesniewska B, Rössle M. Value of immunohistochemistry in the detection of BRAF(V600E) mutations in fine-needle aspiration biopsies of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cancer Cytopathol 2013; 122:48-58. [PMID: 24039206 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is important in the diagnostic establishment of suspicious thyroid nodules. In thyroid neoplasms, mutation of the BRAF gene occurs rather exclusively in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and results in>98% of the cases in V600E amino acid substitution. In the current study, the authors investigated the diagnostic value of a recently described monoclonal antibody that detects this specific mutation on FNAB specimens from patients with PTC. METHODS BRAF(V600E) status of FNAB cell blocks from 55 patients with PTC was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with the new BRAF(V600E) antibody (clone VE1) and by Sanger sequencing (SaS). In discrepant cases, ultra-deep sequencing was also performed. Available corresponding histological specimens were investigated by IHC and, in selected cases, with SaS as well. RESULTS All cases yielded evaluable IHC staining results of the cell block sections with good interobserver agreement (kappa value, 0.650). Ten tumors (18.2%) demonstrated no staining, 10 tumors (18.2%) demonstrated equivocal staining, 25 tumors (45.4%) demonstrated moderate staining, and 10 tumors (18.2%) demonstrated strong staining. SaS was able to be performed in 48 cases. Nineteen cases demonstrated wild-type BRAF and 29 cases were found to have the BRAF(V600E) mutation. After performing ultra-deep sequencing 1 false-positive and 2 false-negative VE1 IHC cases remained, resulting in a sensitivity of 93.8% and a specificity of 93.8%. CONCLUSIONS BRAF(V600E) mutations in FNAB specimens from patients with PTC can be reliably detected in most cases by IHC with a new mutation-specific antibody. Interpretation of VE1 IHC staining results on cell block slides of PTC can be difficult in some cases.
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PAUNOVIC IVAN, ISIC TIJANA, HAVELKA MARIJA, TATIC SVETISLAV, CVEJIC DUBRAVKA, SAVIN SVETLANA. Combined immunohistochemistry for thyroid peroxidase, galectin-3, CK19 and HBME-1 in differential diagnosis of thyroid tumors. APMIS 2011; 120:368-79. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2011.02842.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Cochand-Priollet B, Dahan H, Laloi-Michelin M, Polivka M, Saada M, Herman P, Guillausseau PJ, Hamzi L, Poté N, Sarfati E, Wassef M, Combe H, Raulic-Raimond D, Chedin P, Medeau V, Casanova D, Kania R. Immunocytochemistry with cytokeratin 19 and anti-human mesothelial cell antibody (HBME1) increases the diagnostic accuracy of thyroid fine-needle aspirations: preliminary report of 150 liquid-based fine-needle aspirations with histological control. Thyroid 2011; 21:1067-73. [PMID: 21875347 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2011.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid nodules are relatively common (7% of the population) but are malignant in only 5%-10% of cases. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) to detect cancer can have > 90% sensitivity but only 50%-65% specificity because of false-positive results, which necessitates surgical controls. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of immunocytochemistry (ICC) of thyroid FNA to improve its sensitivity and specificity. METHODS We prospectively collected 2038 thyroid FNAs, of which 1397 were FNA biopsies with liquid-based cytology (Thin-Prep-Hologic®). ICC with cytokeratin 19 and HBME1 antibodies (Dako® A/S) was used for all malignant cases and cases of atypical cells of undetermined significance (AUS), follicular neoplasm (FN), and nodules suspicious for malignancy-papillary thyroid carcinoma (SM-PTC) as well as some benign cases (abnormal features on radiography or benign on secondary FNA). ICC results were defined as "non-contributory," "favoring benign," "favoring malignant," or "indeterminate." Results for 150 cases were compared with histological controls for diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS Of these 150 cases ICC was helpful for benign or malignant triage of 48 cases of AUS, FN, and SM-PTC (42% of these lesions). Six (4%) ICC results were false positive (favoring malignant with benign histology) but none were false negative (favoring benign with malignant histology). Results for indeterminate cytological cases favored malignant or benign disease with sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values of 100%, 85.2%, 100%, and 86.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS ICC of thyroid FNAs with cytokeratin 19 and HBME1 antibodies can reduce the false-positive and false-negative results of single morphological analyses. It can increase the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis, thus improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing the need for surgical controls.
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Charles RP, Iezza G, Amendola E, Dankort D, McMahon M. Mutationally activated BRAF(V600E) elicits papillary thyroid cancer in the adult mouse. Cancer Res 2011; 71:3863-71. [PMID: 21512141 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-4463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutated BRAF is detected in approximately 45% of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC). To model PTC, we bred mice with adult-onset, thyrocyte-specific expression of BRAF(V600E). One month following BRAF(V600E) expression, mice displayed increased thyroid size, widespread alterations in thyroid architecture, and dramatic hypothyroidism. Over 1 year, without any deliberate manipulation of tumor suppressor genes, all mice developed PTC displaying nuclear atypia and marker expression characteristic of the human disease. Pharmacologic inhibition of MEK1/2 led to decreased thyroid size, restoration of thyroid form and function, and inhibition of tumorigenesis. Mice with BRAF(V600E)-induced PTC will provide an excellent system to study thyroid tumor initiation and progression and the evaluation of inhibitors of oncogenic BRAF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roch-Philippe Charles
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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