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Zhu B, Gu H, Mao Z, Beeraka NM, Zhao X, Anand MP, Zheng Y, Zhao R, Li S, Manogaran P, Fan R, Nikolenko VN, Wen H, Basappa B, Liu J. Global burden of gynaecological cancers in 2022 and projections to 2050. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04155. [PMID: 39148469 PMCID: PMC11327849 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence and mortality of gynaecological cancers can significantly impact women's quality of life and increase the health care burden for organisations globally. The objective of this study was to evaluate global inequalities in the incidence and mortality of gynaecological cancers in 2022, based on The Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) 2022 estimates. The future burden of gynaecological cancers (GCs) in 2050 was also projected. Methods Data regarding to the total cases and deaths related to gynaecological cancer, as well as cases and deaths pertaining to different subtypes of GCs, gathered from the GLOBOCAN database for the year 2022. Predictions for the number of cases and deaths in the year 2050 were derived from global demographic projections, categorised by world region and Human Development Index (HDI). Results In 2022, there were 1 473 427 new cases of GCs and 680 372 deaths. The incidence of gynecological cancer reached 30.3 per 100 000, and the mortality rate hit 13.2 per 100 000. The age-standardised incidence of GCs in Eastern Africa is higher than 50 per 100 000, whereas the age-standardised incidence in Northern Africa is 17.1 per 100 000. The highest mortality rates were found in East Africa (ASMR (age-standardised mortality rates) of 35.3 per 100 000) and the lowest in Australia and New Zealand (ASMR of 8.1 per 100 000). These are related to the endemic areas of HIV and HPV. Very High HDI countries had the highest incidence of GCs, with ASIR (age-standardised incidence rates) of 34.8 per 100 000, and low HDI countries had the second highest incidence rate, with an ASIR of 33.0 per 100 000. Eswatini had the highest incidence and mortality (105.4 per 100 000; 71.1 per 100 000) and Yemen the lowest (5.8 per 100 000; 4.4 per 100 000). If the current trends in morbidity and mortality are maintained, number of new cases and deaths from female reproductive tract tumours is projected to increase over the next two decades. Conclusions In 2022, gynaecological cancers accounted for 1 473 427 new cases and 680 372 deaths globally, with significant regional disparities in incidence and mortality rates. The highest rates were observed in Eastern Africa and countries with very high and low HDI, with Eswatini recording the most severe statistics. If current trends continue, the number of new cases and deaths from gynaecological cancers is expected to rise over the next two decades, highlighting the urgent need for effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhua Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihan Mao
- Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Narasimha M Beeraka
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER), Anantapuramu, Chiyyedu, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mahesh Padukudru Anand
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Yufei Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiwen Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siting Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Prasath Manogaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Vladimir N Nikolenko
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Haixiao Wen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Ferris JS, Prest MT, Hur C, Chen L, Elkin EB, Melamed A, Kong CY, Myers ER, Havrilesky LJ, Blank SV, Hazelton WD, Wright JD. Trends in uterine cancer incidence in the United States: The contribution of age, period and cohort effects. Gynecol Oncol 2024; 187:151-162. [PMID: 38781746 PMCID: PMC11309905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the U.S., uterine cancer incidence is rising, with racial and ethnic minorities experiencing the largest increases. We performed age-period-cohort analyses using novel methods to examine the contribution of age at diagnosis (age), year of diagnosis (period), and birth cohort (cohort), to trends in uterine cancer incidence. METHODS We used uterine cancer incidence data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) 12 database (1992-2019), and performed hysterectomy-correction. We generated hexamaps to visualize age, period, and cohort effects, and used mutual information to estimate the percent contribution of age, period, and cohort effects, individually and combined, on uterine cancer incidence, overall and by race and ethnicity and histology. RESULTS Hexamaps showed an increase in uterine cancer in later time periods, and a cohort effect around 1933 showing a lower incidence compared with earlier and later cohorts. Age, period, and cohort effects combined contributed 86.6% (95% CI: 86.4%, 86.9%) to the incidence. Age effects had the greatest contribution (65.1%, 95% CI: 64.3%, 65.9), followed by cohort (20.7%, 95% CI: 20.1%, 21.3%) and period (14.2%, 95% CI: 13.7%, 14.8%) effects. Hexamaps showed higher incidence in recent years for non-Hispanic Blacks and non-endometrioid tumors. CONCLUSIONS Age effects had the largest contribution to uterine cancer incidence, followed by cohort and period effects overall and across racial and ethnic groups and histologies. IMPACT These findings can inform uterine cancer modeling studies on the effects of interventions that target risk factors which may vary across age, period, or cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Ferris
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew T Prest
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chin Hur
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elena B Elkin
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Melamed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chung Yin Kong
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evan R Myers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Laura J Havrilesky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie V Blank
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, and Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - William D Hazelton
- Herbold Computational Biology Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason D Wright
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
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Kontomanolis EN, Symeonidis P, Nikolettos K, Perros P, Rody A, Tsikouras P, Nikolettos N, Giatromanolaki A. ARID1 and BRG1 Expression in Endometrial Cancer. In Vivo 2024; 38:1260-1265. [PMID: 38688602 PMCID: PMC11059895 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Endometrial cancer (EC) is the predominant malignancy among gynecologic cancers and ranks fourth among all types of cancer. Recently, researchers have focused on the development of new prognostic biomarkers. Subunits of the SWI/SNF protein complex, like the ARID1 and BRG1, have been associated with the development of endometrial cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the expression patterns of ARID1A and BRG1 in a collection of endometrioid adenocarcinomas of the uterus using immunohistochemistry. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study comprised a total of thirty-three individuals diagnosed with stage I endometrioid endometrial cancer, treated with radical hysterectomy. The histological material was then examined to assess the cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of the proteins. RESULTS ARID1A exhibited expression in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of cancer cells, whereas BRG1 was mainly expressed in the nuclei. In addition, ARID1A exhibited a notable decrease in expression in grade 3 histology, with no significant correlation with the depth of myometrial invasion. The reduced expression was highly related to tumor expansion into the endocervix. The findings demonstrated a total absence of ARID1A expression in 27% of endometrioid carcinomas, with a significant reduction in expression in an additional 51% of cancer cells. These findings align with the most recent published data. In contrast, in the current study, BRG1 was rarely down-regulated and was extensively expressed in the majority of endometrioid carcinomas, preventing the possibility of statistical analysis. CONCLUSION In summary, ARID1A expression loss can be used as a biomarker to guide post-operative therapy; however, further investigation is needed, especially for early-stage endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel N Kontomanolis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Symeonidis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Nikolettos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Paraskevas Perros
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens 'ALEXANDRA', Athens, Greece;
| | - Achim Rody
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Tsikouras
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Nikolettos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Yadav A, Sistla A, Swain M, Gowrishankar S, Padua MD, Modi T, Himabindu R, Agarwal N, Kulkarni A, Bhandari T, Vudayaraju H, Chinnababu, Reddy VA. To study the expression of estrogen, progesterone receptor and p53 immunohistochemistry markers in subtyping endometrial carcinoma. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2024; 67:62-67. [PMID: 38358190 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_568_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in women worldwide. Aim and Objectives To study the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers in subtyping endometrial carcinoma. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 cases of carcinoma endometrium submitted during January 2016 to October 2018 were included in our study. The ER, PR and p53 expressions were scored as per the adopted scoring system. Agreement between ER, PR and p53 IHC expression and the consensus HE diagnosis, FIGO grading and tumour staging were assessed using Chi square tests. Results There was a statistical association between ER, PR and p53 status and tumour histologic type with a P value < 0.01. There was no statistical significance observed between ER and PR expressions and different FIGO grades. Statistical significance (P = 0.036) between p53 and different FIGO grades seen. No statistical significance was observed between ER, PR and p53 expressions and different tumour stages and tumour invasiveness. There was a statistical association between ER and PR status and lymph node metastasis. p53 did not show a statistical significance. Conclusion Combination of ER, PR and p53 IHC markers can be used to distinguish type 1 and type 2 endometrial cancers. PR expression is more specific than ER in endometrioid carcinomas. p53 expression is more specific in serous carcinoma, however, p53 IHC alone cannot be used to distinguish different grades of endometrioid carcinomas as there is variability of staining in endometrioid carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Yadav
- Department of Pathology, Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Anuradha Sistla
- Department of Pathology, Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Meenakshi Swain
- Department of Pathology, Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Michelle de Padua
- Department of Pathology, Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Tejal Modi
- Department of Pathology, Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rallabandi Himabindu
- Department of Pathology, Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Aditya Kulkarni
- Department of Pathology, Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Trilok Bhandari
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Hemanth Vudayaraju
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Chinnababu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay A Reddy
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Nienhaus A, Rajakulendran R, Bernad E. Cutaneous Metastasis of Endometrial Cancer and Long-Term Survival: A Scoping Review and Our Experience. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2603. [PMID: 37568966 PMCID: PMC10417626 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cutaneous and soft tissue metastases of endometrial cancer are rare. This review aims to examine the prevalence of cutaneous metastasis, the diagnosis and treatment options, and the impact of cutaneous metastasis of endometrial cancer on overall survival. We also present a particular case with a long-term overall survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed and PubMed Central using the following keywords: endometrial carcinoma metastasis, cutaneous metastasis, and five-year overall survival. RESULTS We identified 326 results and checked their titles for eligibility. There were eight studies included. We also presented a case of a 51-year-old woman with cutaneous metastasis and a large soft tissue metastasis with a prolonged overall survival of about 13 years after the appearance of the first cutaneous metastasis. CONCLUSIONS This paper highlights the importance of skin evaluations in patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer. Healthcare providers must consider the possibility of cutaneous metastasis localization in patients with endometrial cancer to assign the correct stage and apply the appropriate treatment to increase long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Nienhaus
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, EftimieMurgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology ‘Augusta Krankenanstalt’ Bochum, Bergstr. 26, 44807 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Rahavie Rajakulendran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology ‘Augusta Krankenanstalt’ Bochum, Bergstr. 26, 44807 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Elena Bernad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Pius Brinzeu” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Laparoscopy, Laparoscopic Surgery and In Vitro Fertilization, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Indumati S, Apurva B, Gaurav G, Nehakumari S, Nishant V. The Role of MicroRNAs in Development of Endometrial Cancer: A Literature Review. J Reprod Infertil 2023; 24:147-165. [PMID: 37663424 PMCID: PMC10471942 DOI: 10.18502/jri.v24i3.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) ranks as the second most common gynaecological cancer worldwide. EC patients are diagnosed at an early clinical stage and generally have a good prognosis. Therefore, there is a dire need for development of a specific marker for early detection of endometrial adenocarcinoma. The development of EC is conditioned by a multistep process of oncogenic upregulation and tumor suppressor downregulation as shown by molecular genetic evidence. In this setting, microRNAs appear as significant regulators of gene expression and several variations in the expression of microRNAs have been implicated in normal endometrium, endometrial tissue, metrorrhagia, and endometrial cancer. Furthermore, microRNAs act as highly precise, sensitive, and robust molecules, making them potential markers for diagnosing specific cancers and their progression. With the rising incidence of EC, its management remains a vexing challenge and diagnostic methods for the disease are limited to invasive, expensive, and inaccurate tools. Therefore, the prospect of exploiting the utility of microRNAs as potential candidates for diagnosis and therapeutic use in EC seems promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somasundaram Indumati
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, D.Y. Patil Education Society, Kolhapur, India
| | - Birajdar Apurva
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, D.Y. Patil Education Society, Kolhapur, India
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Czegle I, Huang C, Soria PG, Purkiss DW, Shields A, Wappler-Guzzetta EA. The Role of Genetic Mutations in Mitochondrial-Driven Cancer Growth in Selected Tumors: Breast and Gynecological Malignancies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040996. [PMID: 37109525 PMCID: PMC10145875 DOI: 10.3390/life13040996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing understanding of the molecular and cytogenetic background of various tumors that helps us better conceptualize the pathogenesis of specific diseases. Additionally, in many cases, these molecular and cytogenetic alterations have diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic applications that are heavily used in clinical practice. Given that there is always room for improvement in cancer treatments and in cancer patient management, it is important to discover new therapeutic targets for affected individuals. In this review, we discuss mitochondrial changes in breast and gynecological (endometrial and ovarian) cancers. In addition, we review how the frequently altered genes in these diseases (BRCA1/2, HER2, PTEN, PIK3CA, CTNNB1, RAS, CTNNB1, FGFR, TP53, ARID1A, and TERT) affect the mitochondria, highlighting the possible associated individual therapeutic targets. With this approach, drugs targeting mitochondrial glucose or fatty acid metabolism, reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial biogenesis, mtDNA transcription, mitophagy, or cell death pathways could provide further tailored treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibolya Czegle
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Chelsea Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Priscilla Geraldine Soria
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Dylan Wesley Purkiss
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Andrea Shields
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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Weimer J, Hüttmann M, Nusilati A, Andreas S, Röseler J, Tribian N, Rogmans C, Stope MB, Dahl E, Mustea A, Stickeler E, Hedemann N, Flörkemeier I, Tiemann K, Magadeeva S, Dempfle A, Arnold N, Maass N, Bauerschlag D. Fluorescence in situ hybridization test for detection of endometrial carcinoma cells by non-invasive vaginal swab. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:379-391. [PMID: 36625073 PMCID: PMC9889703 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecological malignancy with increasing incidence in developed countries. As gold standard, hysteroscopy confirms only 30% of suspected ECs. The detection of EC cells in the vagina by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) after a smear test could reduce invasive procedures in the future. Using array-based comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) on 65 endometrial carcinomas, most frequently imbalanced regions of the tumour genome were identified. Bacterial artificial chromosomes were used to generate FISH-probes homologue to these human regions. The FISH test was hybridized on swabs specimens collected from the vaginal cavity. Samples from six patients without EC were selected as a negative control and on 13 patients with known EC as a positive control. To distinguish between benign and EC cases, the cut-off value has been defined. A first validation of this EC-FISH Test was performed with swabs from 41 patients with suspected EC. The most common genomic imbalances in EC are around the CTNNB1, FBXW7 and APC genes. The cut-off is defined at 32% of analysed cells without diploid signal pattern. This differs significantly between the positive and negative controls (p < 0.001). In a first validation cohort of 41 patients with suspected EC, the EC-FISH Test distinguishes patients with and without EC with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 83%. The negative predictive value is 96%. This is the first report of a non-invasive EC-FISH Test to predict EC in women with suspected EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Weimer
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsChristian‐Albrechts‐University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein Campus KielKielGermany
| | - Martje Hüttmann
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsChristian‐Albrechts‐University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein Campus KielKielGermany
| | - Asiyan Nusilati
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsChristian‐Albrechts‐University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein Campus KielKielGermany
| | - Svenja Andreas
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsChristian‐Albrechts‐University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein Campus KielKielGermany
| | - Jona Röseler
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsChristian‐Albrechts‐University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein Campus KielKielGermany
| | - Nils Tribian
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsChristian‐Albrechts‐University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein Campus KielKielGermany
| | - Christoph Rogmans
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsChristian‐Albrechts‐University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein Campus KielKielGermany
| | | | - Edgar Dahl
- Institute of PathologyMedical Faculty of RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Alexander Mustea
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological OncologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Elmar Stickeler
- Department of GynecologyUniversity Medical Center RWTH AachenAachenGermany
| | - Nina Hedemann
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsChristian‐Albrechts‐University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein Campus KielKielGermany
| | - Inken Flörkemeier
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsChristian‐Albrechts‐University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein Campus KielKielGermany
| | | | - Svetlana Magadeeva
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsChristian‐Albrechts‐University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein Campus KielKielGermany
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and StatisticsKiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein Campus KielKielGermany
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsChristian‐Albrechts‐University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein Campus KielKielGermany
| | - Nicolai Maass
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsChristian‐Albrechts‐University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein Campus KielKielGermany
| | - Dirk Bauerschlag
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsChristian‐Albrechts‐University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein Campus KielKielGermany
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Fertility-Sparing Strategies for Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer: Stepping towards Precision Medicine Based on the Molecular Fingerprint. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010811. [PMID: 36614253 PMCID: PMC9821405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer represents the fifth most common cancer in women, and the most common gynecological malignancy in developed countries [...].
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Shen PC, Wang YF, Chang HC, Huang WY, Lo CH, Su YF, Yang JF, Lin CS, Dai YH. Developing a novel DNA methylation risk score for survival and identification of prognostic gene mutations in endometrial cancer: a study based on TCGA data. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2022; 52:992-1000. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Few studies have focused on DNA methylation in endometrial cancer. The aim of our study is identify its role in endometrial cancer prognosis.
Methods
A publicly available dataset was retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas. For validation of expression alteration due to methylation, RNA sequencing data were obtained from other independent cohorts. MethSurv was used to search for candidate CpG probes, which were then filtered by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression and multivariate Cox regression analyses to identify final set of CpG probes for overall survival. A methylation-based risk model was developed and receiver operating characteristic analysis with area under curve was used for evaluation. Patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups using an optimal cut-off point. Comprehensive bioinformatic analyses were conducted to identify hub genes, key transcription factors, and enriched cancer-related pathways. Kaplan–Meier curve was used for survival analysis.
Results
A 5-CpG signature score was established. Its predictive value for 5-year overall survival was high, with area under curve of 0.828, 0.835 and 0.816 for the training, testing and entire cohorts. cg27487839 and cg12885678 had strong correlation with their gene expression, XKR6 and PTPRN2, and lower PTPRN2 expression was associated with poorer survival in both The Cancer Genome Atlas and the validation datasets. Low-risk group was associated with significantly better survival. Low-risk group harboured more mutations in hub genes and key transcription factors, and mutations in SP1 and MECP2 represented favourable outcome.
Conclusion
We developed a methylation-based prognostic stratification system for endometrial cancer. Low-risk group was associated with better survival and harboured more mutations in the key regulatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chien Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Fu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Hao-Chih Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Wen-Yen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Lo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Yu-Fu Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Jen-Fu Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Chun-Shu Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Yang-Hong Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
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11
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Kołat D, Kałuzińska Ż, Bednarek AK, Płuciennik E. Prognostic significance of AP-2α/γ targets as cancer therapeutics. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5497. [PMID: 35361846 PMCID: PMC8971500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying genes with prognostic importance could improve cancer treatment. An increasing number of reports suggest the existence of successful strategies based on seemingly "untargetable" transcription factors. In addition to embryogenesis, AP-2 transcription factors are known to play crucial roles in cancer development. Members of this family can be used as prognostic factors in oncological patients, and AP-2α/γ transcription factors were previously investigated in our pan-cancer comparative study using their target genes. The present study investigates tumors that were previously found similar with an emphasis on the possible role of AP-2 factors in specific cancer types. The RData workspace was loaded back to R environment and 3D trajectories were built via Monocle3. The genes that met the requirement of specificity were listed using top_markers(), separately for mutual and unique targets. Furthermore, the candidate genes had to meet the following requirements: correlation with AP-2 factor (through Correlation AnalyzeR) and validated prognostic importance (using GEPIA2 and subsequently KM-plotter or LOGpc). Eventually, the ROC analysis was applied to confirm their predictive value; co-dependence of expression was visualized via BoxPlotR. Some similar tumors were differentiated by AP-2α/γ targets with prognostic value. Requirements were met by only fifteen genes (EMX2, COL7A1, GRIA1, KRT1, KRT14, SLC12A5, SEZ6L, PTPRN, SCG5, DPP6, NTSR1, ARX, COL4A3, PPEF1 and TMEM59L); of these, the last four were excluded based on ROC curves. All the above genes were confronted with the literature, with an emphasis on the possible role played by AP-2 factors in specific cancers. Following ROC analysis, the genes were verified using immunohistochemistry data and progression-related signatures. Staining differences were observed, as well as co-dependence on the expression of e.g. CTNNB1, ERBB2, KRAS, SMAD4, EGFR or MKI67. In conclusion, prognostic value of targets suggested AP-2α/γ as candidates for novel cancer treatment. It was also revealed that AP-2 targets are related to tumor progression and that some mutual target genes could be inversely regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Kołat
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Żaneta Kałuzińska
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej K Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Płuciennik
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
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12
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Integrating Precision Medicine into the Contemporary Management of Gynecologic Cancers. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:889-904. [DOI: 10.1007/s11912-021-01163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Singla RK, Behzad S, Khan J, Tsagkaris C, Gautam RK, Goyal R, Chopra H, Shen B. Natural Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment and Management of Endometrial/Uterine Cancer: Preclinical to Clinical Studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:801733. [PMID: 35264951 PMCID: PMC8899191 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.801733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the sixth most prevalent type of cancer among women. Kinases, enzymes mediating the transfer of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in several signaling pathways, play a significant role in carcinogenesis and cancer cells’ survival and proliferation. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are involved in EC pathogenesis; therefore, CDK inhibitors (CDKin) have a noteworthy therapeutic potential in this type of cancer, particularly in EC type 1. Natural compounds have been used for decades in the treatment of cancer serving as a source of anticancer bioactive molecules. Many phenolic and non-phenolic natural compounds covering flavonoids, stilbenoids, coumarins, biphenyl compounds, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenes, and terpenoids have shown moderate to high effectiveness against CDKin-mediated carcinogenic signaling pathways (PI3K, ERK1/2, Akt, ATM, mTOR, TP53). Pharmaceutical regimens based on two natural compounds, trabectedin and ixabepilone, have been investigated in humans showing short and midterm efficacy as second-line treatments in phase II clinical trials. The purpose of this review is twofold: the authors first provide an overview of the involvement of kinases and kinase inhibitors in the pathogenesis and treatment of EC and then discuss the existing evidence about natural products’ derived kinase inhibitors in the management of the disease and outline relevant future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,IGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Sahar Behzad
- Evidence-based Phytotherapy and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.,Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rupesh K Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Ambala, India
| | - Rajat Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Ambala, India
| | | | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Tanos P, Dimitriou S, Gullo G, Tanos V. Biomolecular and Genetic Prognostic Factors That Can Facilitate Fertility-Sparing Treatment (FST) Decision Making in Early Stage Endometrial Cancer (ES-EC): A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2653. [PMID: 35269800 PMCID: PMC8910305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer occurs in up to 29% of women before 40 years of age. Seventy percent of these patients are nulliparous at the time. Decision making regarding fertility preservation in early stage endometrial cancer (ES-EC) is, therefore, a big challenge since the decision between the risk of cancer progression and a chance to parenthood needs to be made. Sixty-two percent of women with complete remission of ES-EC after fertility-sparing treatment (FST) report to have a pregnancy wish which, if not for FST, they would not be able to fulfil. The aim of this review was to identify and summarise the currently established biomolecular and genetic prognostic factors that can facilitate decision making for FST in ES-EC. A comprehensive search strategy was carried out across four databases; Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE, and PubMed; they were searched between March 1946 and 22nd December 2022. Thirty-four studies were included in this study which was conducted in line with the PRISMA criteria checklist. The final 34 articles encompassed 9165 patients. The studies were assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP). PTEN and POLE alterations we found to be good prognostic factors of ES-EC, favouring FST. MSI, CTNNB1, and K-RAS alterations were found to be fair prognostic factors of ES-EC, favouring FST but carrying a risk of recurrence. PIK3CA, HER2, ARID1A, P53, L1CAM, and FGFR2 were found to be poor prognostic factors of ES-EC and therefore do not favour FST. Clinical trials with bigger cohorts are needed to further validate the fair genetic prognostic factors. Using the aforementioned good and poor genetic prognostic factors, we can make more confident decisions on FST in ES-EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis Tanos
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen & Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK
| | - Savvas Dimitriou
- Aberdeen Fertility Centre, NHS Grampian and University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK;
| | - Giuseppe Gullo
- In Vitro Fertilization Unit (IVF Unit), Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti, Villa Sofia Cervello, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Vasilios Tanos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaeio Hospital, Nicosia 2024, Cyprus;
- St. Georges’ Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2408, Cyprus
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15
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Mad-Adam N, Rattanaburee T, Tanawattanasuntorn T, Graidist P. Effects of trans-(±)-kusunokinin on chemosensitive and chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:59. [PMID: 34992691 PMCID: PMC8721857 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer ranks eighth in cancer incidence and mortality among women worldwide. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is commonly used for patients with ovarian cancer. However, the clinical efficacy of cisplatin is limited due to the occurrence of adverse side effects and development of cancer chemoresistance during treatment. Trans-(±)-kusunokinin has been previously reported to inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis in various cancer cell types, including breast, colon and cholangiocarcinoma. However, the potential effects of (±)-kusunokinin on ovarian cancer remains unknown. In the present study, chemosensitive ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and chemoresistant ovarian cancer cell lines A2780cis, SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 were treated with trans-(±)-kusunokinin to investigate its potential effects. MTT, colony formation, apoptosis and multi-caspase assays were used to determine cytotoxicity, the ability of single cells to form colonies, induction of apoptosis and multi-caspase activity, respectively. Moreover, western blot analysis was performed to determine the proteins level of topoisomerase II, cyclin D1, CDK1, Bax and p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA). The results demonstrated that trans-(±)-kusunokinin exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity against A2780cis cells with an IC50 value of 3.4 µM whilst also reducing the colony formation of A2780 and A2780cis cells. Trans-(±)-kusunokinin also induced the cells to undergo apoptosis and increased multi-caspase activity in A2780 and A2780cis cells. This compound significantly downregulated topoisomerase II, cyclin D1 and CDK1 expression, but upregulated Bax and PUMA expression in both A2780 and A2780cis cells. In conclusion, trans-(±)-kusunokinin suppressed ovarian cancer cells through the inhibition of colony formation, cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis. This pure compound could be a potential targeted therapy for ovarian cancer treatment in the future. However, studies in an animal model and clinical trial need to be performed to support the efficacy and safety of this new treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeeya Mad-Adam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Thidarath Rattanaburee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Tanotnon Tanawattanasuntorn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Potchanapond Graidist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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16
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Yasin HK, Taylor AH, Ayakannu T. A Narrative Review of the Role of Diet and Lifestyle Factors in the Development and Prevention of Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092149. [PMID: 33946913 PMCID: PMC8125712 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The incidence and prevalence of endometrial cancer is increasing globally. The main factors involved in this increase have been the way women live today and what they eat and drink. In fact, the obesity pandemic that is sweeping across the planet is considered to be the main contributory feature. This review aims to introduce to a new audience, those that are not experts in the field, what is known about the different types of endometrial cancer and the mechanisms for their induction and protection. We also seek to summarise the existing knowledge on dietary and lifestyle factors that prevent endometrial development in susceptible populations and identify the main problem in this arena; the paucity of research studies and clinical trials that investigate the interaction(s) between diet, lifestyle and endometrial cancer risk whilst highlighting those areas of promise that should be further investigated. Abstract Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer affecting the reproductive organs of women living in higher-income countries. Apart from hormonal influences and genetic predisposition, obesity and metabolic syndrome are increasingly recognised as major factors in endometrial cancer risk, due to changes in lifestyle and diet, whereby high glycaemic index and lipid deposition are prevalent. This is especially true in countries where micronutrients, such as vitamins and minerals are exchanged for high calorific diets and a sedentary lifestyle. In this review, we will survey the currently known lifestyle factors, dietary requirements and hormonal changes that increase an individual’s risk for endometrial cancer and discuss their relevance for clinical management. We also examine the evidence that everyday factors and clinical interventions have on reducing that risk, such that informed healthy choices can be made. In this narrative review, we thus summarise the dietary and lifestyle factors that promote and prevent the incidence of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Ku Yasin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle CA2 7HY, UK;
| | - Anthony H. Taylor
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK;
| | - Thangesweran Ayakannu
- Gynaecology Oncology Cancer Centre, Liverpool Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool Women’s Hospital, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-151-708-9988 (ext. 4531)
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17
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Butt SUR, Mejias A, Morelli C, Torga G, Happe M, Patrikidou A, Arkenau HT. BRAF/MEK inhibitors for BRAF V600E-mutant cancers in non-approved setting: a case series. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 87:437-441. [PMID: 33537843 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The management of cancer has been traditionally dependent on the primary tumour type and specific histologic subtypes. Recently, the introduction of molecular profiling tools and its increasing use in clinical practice has facilitated the emergence of novel genomically driven treatment options within the standard of care landscape as well as in the clinical trial setting. One such aberration is mutation in v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF), which results in hyperactivation of RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling in the Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway. BRAF and Mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors, although being currently approved for melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colon cancer, have reported activity across other various cancers harbouring BRAF aberrations. It has been proposed that combined MEK and BRAF inhibition could overcome the acquired resistance commonly developed among patients receiving BRAF or MEK inhibitors as monotherapy. We report five cases of BRAF V600E (substitution of glutamic acid for valine in codon 600) aberrant refractory metastatic cancers treated with dual BRAF/MEK combination inhibitor therapy leading to an excellent clinical and radiological response and protracted duration of disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeeh-Ur-Rehman Butt
- Drug Development Unit, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, 93 Harley Street, London, W1G 6AD, UK. .,Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | | | - Cristina Morelli
- Tor Vergata University of Rome, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Gonzalo Torga
- Drug Development Unit, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, 93 Harley Street, London, W1G 6AD, UK
| | - Marlene Happe
- School of Medicine, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 20, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Patrikidou
- Drug Development Unit, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, 93 Harley Street, London, W1G 6AD, UK.,University College London, London, NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Hendrik-Tobias Arkenau
- Drug Development Unit, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, 93 Harley Street, London, W1G 6AD, UK.,University College London, London, NW1 2BU, UK
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18
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Francies FZ, Marima R, Hull R, Molefi T, Dlamini Z. Genomics and splicing events of type II endometrial cancers in the black population: racial disparity, socioeconomic and geographical differences. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3061-3082. [PMID: 33163258 PMCID: PMC7642673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer, also known as uterine cancer, is the most common gynaecological malignancy with burgeoning incidence and mortality rates globally. Racial disparity, socioeconomic and geographical differences are important determinants of endometrial cancer incidence and mortality. Endometrial cancer is mainly categorised as type I and type II. Although less prevalent, type II is the most aggressive form of the disease and typically diagnosed at a late stage, contributing to higher mortality. Black women are at higher risk of developing aggressive, type II disease. Type I tumours are related to higher levels of circulating estrogen with lower-grade tumours that have a good prognosis and frequently related to PTEN mutations. In comparison, type II tumours are estrogen-independent, typically have poor prognosis and associated with the p53, HER2, PPP2R1A, FBXW7 and PIK3R1 mutations. The risk of developing type II malignancy is higher in women with Lynch syndrome as a result of mutations in the MMR gene family. Genetic modifications contribute to aberrant alternative splicing events that are related to tumour development, progression and resistance to therapy. Alternative splicing events are rapidly emerging as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Type II endometrial cancer lacks targeted therapy and biomarkers for novel therapeutic strategies. Recent advances have illustrated a number of molecular targets that are currently explored for the treatment of advanced, late-stage endometrial cancer. The aim of this review is to outline 1) the epidemiology of type II endometrial cancer in black women, 2) discuss the correlated risk factors that contribute to the development of type II endometrial cancer and 3) the associated molecular mechanisms and genetic factors underlying the disease, and 4) aberrant splicing events and biomarkers with therapeutic potential as novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Zita Francies
- SAMRC/UP Precision Prevention & Novel Drug Targets for HIV-Associated Cancers (PPNDTHAC) Extramural Unit, Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Faculty of Health SciencesHatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Rahaba Marima
- SAMRC/UP Precision Prevention & Novel Drug Targets for HIV-Associated Cancers (PPNDTHAC) Extramural Unit, Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Faculty of Health SciencesHatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Rodney Hull
- SAMRC/UP Precision Prevention & Novel Drug Targets for HIV-Associated Cancers (PPNDTHAC) Extramural Unit, Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Faculty of Health SciencesHatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Thulo Molefi
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Pretoria, Faculty of Health SciencesHatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC/UP Precision Prevention & Novel Drug Targets for HIV-Associated Cancers (PPNDTHAC) Extramural Unit, Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Faculty of Health SciencesHatfield 0028, South Africa
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19
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Nagam SL, Jinka R. Impact of TP53 polymorphisms (IVS3 + 40-41ins16, EX4 215G > C and IVS6 + 62G > A) on the risk of endometrial cancer, survival and hazard ratio of the patients. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
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20
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is complex, but identifying the novel biomarkers, inflammatory molecules, and genetic links holds the key to the enhanced detection, prediction and treatment of both endometriosis and endometriosis related malignant neoplasia. Here we review the literature relating to the specific molecular mechanism(s) mediating tumorigenesis arising within endometriosis. METHODS Guidance (e.g. Cochrane) and published studies were identified. The Published studies were identified through PubMed using the systematic review methods filter, and the authors' topic knowledge. These data were reviewed to identify key and relevant articles to create a comprehensive review article to explore the molecular fingerprint associated with in endometriosis-driven tumorigenesis. RESULTS An important focus is the link between C3aR1, PGR, ER1, SOX-17 and other relevant gene expression profiles and endometriosis-driven tumorigenesis. Further studies should also focus on the combined use of CA-125 with HE-4, and the role for OVA1/MIA as clinically relevant diagnostic biomarkers in the prediction of endometriosis-driven tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS Elucidating endometriosis' molecular fingerprint is to understand the molecular mechanisms that drive the endometriosis-associated malignant phenotype. A better understanding of the predictive roles of these genes and the value of the biomarker proteins will allow for the derivation of unique molecular treatment algorithms to better serve our patients.
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21
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Desai J, Gan H, Barrow C, Jameson M, Atkinson V, Haydon A, Millward M, Begbie S, Brown M, Markman B, Patterson W, Hill A, Horvath L, Nagrial A, Richardson G, Jackson C, Friedlander M, Parente P, Tran B, Wang L, Chen Y, Tang Z, Huang W, Wu J, Zeng D, Luo L, Solomon B. Phase I, Open-Label, Dose-Escalation/Dose-Expansion Study of Lifirafenib (BGB-283), an RAF Family Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients With Solid Tumors. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:2140-2150. [PMID: 32182156 PMCID: PMC7325368 DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.02654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Lifirafenib is an investigational, reversible inhibitor of B-RAFV600E, wild-type A-RAF, B-RAF, C-RAF, and EGFR. This first-in-human, phase I, dose-escalation/dose-expansion study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of lifirafenib in patients with B-RAF– or K-RAS/N-RAS–mutated solid tumors. METHODS During dose escalation, adult patients with histologically/cytologically confirmed advanced solid tumors received escalating doses of lifirafenib. Primary end points were safety/tolerability during dose escalation and objective response rate in preselected patients with B-RAF and K-RAS/N-RAS mutations during dose expansion. RESULTS The maximum tolerated dose was established as 40 mg/d; dose-limiting toxicities included reversible thrombocytopenia and nonhematologic toxicity. Across the entire study, the most common grade ≥ 3 treatment-emergent adverse events were hypertension (n = 23; 17.6%) and fatigue (n = 13; 9.9%). One patient with B-RAF–mutated melanoma achieved complete response, and 8 patients with B-RAF mutations had confirmed objective responses: B-RAFV600E/K melanoma (n = 5, including 1 patient treated with prior B-RAF/MEK inhibitor therapy), B-RAFV600E thyroid cancer/papillary thyroid cancer (PTC; n = 2), and B-RAFV600E low-grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC; n = 1). One patient with B-RAF–mutated non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) had unconfirmed partial response (PR). Patients with K-RAS–mutated endometrial cancer and K-RAS codon 12–mutated NSCLC had confirmed PR (n = 1 each). No responses were seen in patients with K-RAS/N-RAS–mutated colorectal cancer (n = 20). CONCLUSION Lifirafenib is a novel inhibitor of key RAF family kinases and EGFR, with an acceptable risk-benefit profile and antitumor activity in patients with B-RAFV600–mutated solid tumors, including melanoma, PTC, and LGSOC, as well as K-RAS–mutated NSCLC and endometrial carcinoma. Future comparisons with first-generation B-RAF inhibitors and exploration of lifirafenib alone or as combination therapy in patients with selected RAS mutations who are resistant/refractory to first-generation B-RAF inhibitors are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh Desai
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hui Gan
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness & Research Centre, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Michael Jameson
- Waikato Hospital and University of Auckland Waikato Clinical Campus, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Michael Millward
- Linear Clinical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen Begbie
- Mid North Coast Cancer Institute, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Brown
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ben Markman
- Monash Health and Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - William Patterson
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Hill
- Tasman Oncology Research, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lisa Horvath
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adnan Nagrial
- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Phillip Parente
- Eastern Health Monash University, Box Hill Hospital, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Tran
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lai Wang
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxin Chen
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Wendy Huang
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Lusong Luo
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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22
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Ahmed AA, Adam Essa ME. Epigenetic alterations in female urogenital organs cancer: Premise, properties, and perspectives. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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23
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López-Reig R, Fernández-Serra A, Romero I, Zorrero C, Illueca C, García-Casado Z, Poveda A, López-Guerrero JA. Prognostic classification of endometrial cancer using a molecular approach based on a twelve-gene NGS panel. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18093. [PMID: 31792358 PMCID: PMC6889294 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial Cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignancies in women in developed countries. Molecular characterization of different biotypes may improve clinical management of EC. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project has revealed four prognostic EC subgroups: POLE, MSI; Copy Number Low (CNL) and Copy Number High (CNH). The goal of this study was to develop a method to classify tumors in any of the four EC prognostic groups using affordable molecular techniques. Ninety-six Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples were sequenced following a NGS TruSeq Custom Amplicon low input (Illumina) protocol interrogating a multi-gene panel. MSI analysis was performed by fragment analysis using eight specific microsatellite markers. A Random Forest classification algorithm (RFA), considering NGS results, was developed to stratify EC patients into different prognostic groups. Our approach correctly classifies the EC patients into the four TCGA prognostic biotypes. The RFA assigned the samples to the CNH and CNL groups with an accuracy of 0.9753 (p < 0.001). The prognostic value of these groups was prospectively reproduced on our series both for Disease-Free Survival (p = 0.004) and Overall Survival (p = 0.030).Hence, with the molecular approach herein described, a precise and suitable tool that mimics the prognostic EC subtypes has been solved and validated. Procedure that might be introduced into routine diagnostic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel López-Reig
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Services of Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández-Serra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Services of Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ignacio Romero
- Medical Oncology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Zorrero
- Gynecology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Illueca
- Pathology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Zaida García-Casado
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Services of Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés Poveda
- Department of Oncology, INITIA ONCOLOGY, Hospital Quirón Salud, Valencia, Spain
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24
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Kośla K, Orzechowska M, Jędroszka D, Baryła I, Bednarek AK, Płuciennik E. A Novel Set of WNT Pathway Effectors as a Predictive Marker of Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma-Study Based on Weighted Co-expression Matrices. Front Oncol 2019; 9:360. [PMID: 31134156 PMCID: PMC6524344 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine corpus endometrial carcinomas (UCEC) are clinically divided into two subgroups-endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) or non-endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (NEEC). The first group shows relatively better prognosis. However, the discrimination seems to be insufficient due to the fact that in the mildest EEC are patients with poor treatment response and bad prognosis. Our aim was to examine the molecular background of such phenomenon and whether gene expression patterns might be of importance for the clinic. We focused our analysis on WNT pathway target genes since it is one of the main regulators of endometrial proliferation and differentiation. In silico analysis of TCGA data, including Weighted Co-expression Network Analysis, Principle Component Analysis, and Multiple Factor Analysis, allows to select 28 genes that serve as a predictive markers for UCEC patients. Our study revealed that there is a subgroup of the endometrioid cases that molecularly resembles mixed/serous groups. This may explain the reason for existence of subgroup of patients, that although clinically diagnosed with the mildest endometrioid UCEC type, yet present failure in treatment and aggressive course of the disease. Our study suggests that worse outcome in these patients may be based on a disruption of proper WNT signalling pathway resulting in deregulation of its effector genes. Moreover, we showed that mixed group consisting of tumours containing both endometrioid and serous types of cells, has serous expression profile of WNT targets. The proposed gene set allows to predict progression of the disease trough dividing patients into groups of low or high grade with 70.8% sensitivity and 88.6% specificity (AUC = 0.837) as well as could predict patient prognosis associated with UCEC subtype with 70.1% sensitivity and 86.2% specificity (AUC = 0.855). Relatively small number of implicated genes makes it highly applicable and possibly clinically simple and useful tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kośla
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Łódz, Łódz, Poland
| | | | - Dorota Jędroszka
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Łódz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Izabela Baryła
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Łódz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Andrzej K Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Łódz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Płuciennik
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Łódz, Łódz, Poland
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25
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Miller JE, Metpally RP, Person TN, Krishnamurthy S, Dasari VR, Shivakumar M, Lavage DR, Cook AM, Carey DJ, Ritchie MD, Kim D, Gogoi R. Systematic characterization of germline variants from the DiscovEHR study endometrial carcinoma population. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:59. [PMID: 31053132 PMCID: PMC6499978 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial cancer (EMCA) is the fifth most common cancer among women in the world. Identification of potentially pathogenic germline variants from individuals with EMCA will help characterize genetic features that underlie the disease and potentially predispose individuals to its pathogenesis. Methods The Geisinger Health System’s (GHS) DiscovEHR cohort includes exome sequencing on over 50,000 consenting patients, 297 of whom have evidence of an EMCA diagnosis in their electronic health record. Here, rare variants were annotated as potentially pathogenic. Results Eight genes were identified as having increased burden in the EMCA cohort relative to the non-cancer control cohort. None of the eight genes had an increased burden in the other hormone related cancer cohort from GHS, suggesting they can help characterize the underlying genetic variation that gives rise to EMCA. Comparing GHS to the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) EMCA germline data illustrated 34 genes with potentially pathogenic variation and eight unique potentially pathogenic variants that were present in both studies. Thus, similar germline variation among genes can be observed in unique EMCA cohorts and could help prioritize genes to investigate for future work. Conclusion In summary, this systematic characterization of potentially pathogenic germline variants describes the genetic underpinnings of EMCA through the use of data from a single hospital system. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-019-0504-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Miller
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Raghu P Metpally
- Biomedical & Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Thomas N Person
- Biomedical & Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | | | | | - Manu Shivakumar
- Biomedical & Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Daniel R Lavage
- Biomedical & Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Adam M Cook
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - David J Carey
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dokyoon Kim
- Biomedical & Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, 17822, USA.,Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Radhika Gogoi
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, 17822, USA.
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Raffone A, Travaglino A, Saccone G, Campanino MR, Mollo A, De Placido G, Insabato L, Zullo F. Loss of PTEN expression as diagnostic marker of endometrial precancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2019; 98:275-286. [PMID: 30511743 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endometrial hyperplasia may be either a benign proliferation or a premalignant lesion. In order to differentiate these two conditions, two possible histologic classifications can be used: the World Health Organization (WHO) classification and the endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) classification. The 2017 European Society of Gynaecological Oncology guidelines recommend the use of immunohistochemistry for tumor suppressor protein phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) to improve the differential diagnosis. Nonetheless, its diagnostic accuracy has never been defined. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of immunohistochemistry for PTEN in the differential diagnosis between benign and premalignant endometrial hyperplasia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Electronic databases were searched from their inception to May 2018 for studies assessing immunohistochemical expression of PTEN in endometrial hyperplasia specimens. PTEN status ("loss" or "presence") was the index test; histological diagnosis ("precancer" or "benign") was the reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+, LR-), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the curve (AUC) on summary receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated (95% CI), with a subgroup analysis based on the histologic classification adopted (WHO vs EIN). RESULTS Twenty-seven observational studies with 1736 cases of endometrial hyperplasia were included. Pooled estimates showed low diagnostic accuracy: sensitivity 54% (95% CI 50%-59%), specificity 66% (63%-69%), LR+ 1.55 (1.29-1.87), LR- 0.72 (0.62-0.83), DOR 3.56 (2.02-6.28), AUC 0.657. When the WHO subgroup was compared with the EIN subgroup, higher accuracy (AUC 0.694 vs. 0.621), and higher heterogeneity in all analyses, were observed. CONCLUSIONS Immunohistochemistry for PTEN showed low diagnostic usefulness in the differential diagnosis between benign and premalignant endometrial hyperplasia. In the absence of further evidence, the recommendation about its use should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Raffone
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Travaglino
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Saccone
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria R Campanino
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Mollo
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Placido
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Insabato
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fulvio Zullo
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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27
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Travaglino A, Raffone A, Saccone G, Insabato L, Mollo A, De Placido G, Zullo F. PTEN as a predictive marker of response to conservative treatment in endometrial hyperplasia and early endometrial cancer. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018; 231:104-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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28
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Funston G, O'Flynn H, Ryan NAJ, Hamilton W, Crosbie EJ. Recognizing Gynecological Cancer in Primary Care: Risk Factors, Red Flags, and Referrals. Adv Ther 2018; 35:577-589. [PMID: 29516408 PMCID: PMC5910472 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-018-0683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of symptomatic gynecological cancer is likely to improve patient outcomes, including survival. The primary care practitioner has a key role to play in this-they must recognize the symptoms and signs of gynecological cancer and make prompt evidence-based decisions regarding further investigation and referral. However, this is often difficult as many of the symptoms of gynecological cancers are nonspecific and are more likely to be caused by benign rather than malignant disease. As primary care is generally the first point of patient contact, those working in this setting usually encounter cancer patients at an earlier, and possibly less symptomatic, stage than practitioners in secondary care. Despite these challenges, research has improved our understanding of the symptoms patients present to primary care with, and a range of tests and referral pathways now exist in the UK and other countries to aid early diagnosis. Primary care practitioners can also play a key role in gynecological cancer prevention. A significant proportion of gynecological cancer is preventable either through lifestyle changes such as weight loss, or, for cervical cancer, vaccination and/or engagement with screening programs. Primary care provides an excellent opportunity to discuss cancer risk with patients and to promote risk reduction strategies and lifestyle change. In this article, the first in a series discussing cancer detection in primary care, we concentrate on gynecological cancer and focus on the three most common forms that a primary care practitioner is likely to encounter: ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer. We outline key risk factors, briefly discuss prevention and screening strategies, and offer practical guidance on the recognition of symptoms and signs and the investigation and referral of women with suspected cancer. While this article is written from a UK primary care perspective, much of what is discussed will be of relevance to those working in other healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth Funston
- Centre for Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Helena O'Flynn
- Centre for Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil A J Ryan
- Gynaecological Oncology Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Emma J Crosbie
- Gynaecological Oncology Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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29
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Bats AS, Rossi L, Le Frere-Belda MA, Narjoz C, Cournou C, Gosset M, Ngo C, Delomenie M, Nos C, Blons H, Laurent-Puig P, Lecuru F. [Lynch syndrome and endometrial cancer]. Bull Cancer 2017; 104:1013-1021. [PMID: 29061399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lynch syndrome is a hereditary predisposition to many tumors, in the forefront of which endometrial cancer in women. It is related to the mutation of a mismatch repair gene, involved in DNA mismatch repair. This mutation leads to a loss of expression of the corresponding protein, and to genome instability in tumor cells. Cumulative risk at the age of 70 years is over 40 %. Endometrial cancers related to Lynch syndrome are most of the time sentinel (They reveal the predisposition in half of families.) and are characterized by young age at onset (before 60 years) and low body mass index compared with patients presenting sporadic tumors. Pathological tumor characteristics are debated but it seems to be two types of tumors according to age, older patients having standard tumors and younger ones more aggressive pattern. Endometrial cancers related to Lynch syndrome can be synchronous of ovarian cancer. Therapeutic management does not present any particularity. Conservative treatment can be considered more frequently due to young age of patients but has to respect usual guidelines. Prognosis of these tumors is controversial. Gynaecological screening, although its benefit has not been proved, appears crucial in this population, as well as prophylactic surgery, which remains the best prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Bats
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, faculté de médecine, 15, rue de l'École-de-médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, chirurgie cancérologique gynécologique et du sein, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Inserm UMR-S 1147, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Léa Rossi
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, faculté de médecine, 15, rue de l'École-de-médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, chirurgie cancérologique gynécologique et du sein, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Aude Le Frere-Belda
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, anatomopathologie, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Inserm UMR-S 1124, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Céline Narjoz
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, faculté de médecine, 15, rue de l'École-de-médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Inserm UMR-S 1147, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, biochimie, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Cournou
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, faculté de médecine, 15, rue de l'École-de-médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, chirurgie cancérologique gynécologique et du sein, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marie Gosset
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, faculté de médecine, 15, rue de l'École-de-médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, chirurgie cancérologique gynécologique et du sein, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Ngo
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, faculté de médecine, 15, rue de l'École-de-médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, chirurgie cancérologique gynécologique et du sein, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Inserm UMR-S 1147, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Myriam Delomenie
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, chirurgie cancérologique gynécologique et du sein, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Claude Nos
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, chirurgie cancérologique gynécologique et du sein, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Hélène Blons
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, faculté de médecine, 15, rue de l'École-de-médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Inserm UMR-S 1147, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, biochimie, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, faculté de médecine, 15, rue de l'École-de-médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Inserm UMR-S 1147, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, génétique, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Lecuru
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, faculté de médecine, 15, rue de l'École-de-médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, chirurgie cancérologique gynécologique et du sein, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Inserm UMR-S 1124, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
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Khabaz MN, Abdelrahman AS, Butt NS, Al-Maghrabi B, Al-Maghrabi J. Cyclin D1 is significantly associated with stage of tumor and predicts poor survival in endometrial carcinoma patients. Ann Diagn Pathol 2017; 30:47-51. [PMID: 28965628 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin D1 overexpression has been described to have oncogenic role and association with diagnosis, prognosis and survival in various tumors. This study will describe the immunohistochemical phenotype of cyclin D1, and investigate the correlation between these patterns of expression and clinicopathological parameters of endometrial carcinomas, to conclude the clinical relevance of cyclin D1 expression in the evolution of endometrial neoplasms. This study employed 101 endometrial tissue samples which include 71 endometrial carcinomas and thirty normal and benign endometrium cases. All these tissue samples were used in the assembly of tissue microarrays which have been utilized afterward in immunohistochemistry staining to detect cyclin D1 expression. Forty (56.3%) cases of endometrial carcinomas showed brown nuclear expression of cyclin D1 including 36 (61%) cases of endometrioid carcinomas, and 3 (33.3%) cases of serous carcinomas. Twenty three (76.6%) cases of control group demonstrated nuclear expression. High score cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining has been significantly linked with patient age (P=0.0001). Large proportion of high score cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining was observed in females who are <40years of age while high proportions of negative staining were observed in older age groups. Histologic type of tissue was also significantly related to cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining (P-value=0.0001), high staining is more common in normal proliferative and secretory endometrium while serous carcinoma is more prevalent with negative staining. Stage of tumor was significantly associated with cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining (P-value=0.029), proportion of stage III and IV are higher in negative cyclin D1 immunostaining. Significantly higher proportion of high score cyclin D1 immunostaining is observed in controls while higher proportion of negative cyclin D1 immunostaining is observed among carcinoma cases (P-value=0.0001). No significant associations between cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining and grade, recurrence and alive status were observed. Significant different survival distributions were observed (P-value=0.011) and poor survival behavior was correlated with negative cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining. In conclusion, greater frequency of cyclin D1 expression was revealed in normal endometrial tissues in comparison with carcinomas. The distribution pattern of cyclin D1 immunoexpression suggests poor prognoses in endometrial carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Nidal Khabaz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amer Shafie Abdelrahman
- Departments of Pathology, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nadeem Shafique Butt
- Departments of Family and Community Medicine, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Basim Al-Maghrabi
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- Departments of Pathology, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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31
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Winterhoff B, Konecny GE. Targeting fibroblast growth factor pathways in endometrial cancer. Curr Probl Cancer 2017; 41:37-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Ørbo A, Arnes M, Lyså LM, Borgfeldt C, Straume B. HE4 is a novel tissue marker for therapy response and progestin resistance in medium- and low-risk endometrial hyperplasia. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:725-30. [PMID: 27537387 PMCID: PMC5023780 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether changes in the tissue expression of human epididymis-specific protein 4 (HE4) could predict therapy resistance and relapse after progestin hormone therapy for medium- and low-risk endometrial hyperplasia. Methods: Endometrial biopsies were obtained from women participating in a multicentre RCT performed according to the CONSORT guidelines; the women were randomly assigned to either LNG-IUS; 10 mg of oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) administered for 10 days per cycle; or 10 mg of oral MPA administered daily for 6 months. Of the 153 women who completed therapy, 141 had adequate material for immunohistochemistry in pre- and post-treatment biopsies. An antibody to HE4 (clone 12A2 monoclonal IgG1 antibody, Fujirebio Diagnostics, Inc.) was used for the immunohistochemical staining of the pre- and post-treatment biopsies from each participant. The expression of HE4 staining was evaluated by the histological score (H-score) using light microscopy. Results: Changes in the expression of HE4 (H-score) during therapy were related to the therapy group (P<0.001) and therapy response (P<0.001) of the individuals but could not predict relapse (P>0.05). Changes in the intracellular bodies were shown to predict both the therapy response (P=0.038) and relapse (P=0.014). Conclusions: Changes in the expression of HE4 during progestin therapy regimens can predict therapy response or indicate progestin resistance for medium- and low-risk endometrial hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ørbo
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Tromsø, N-9038 Tromsø, Norway.,Research Group for Gynaecologic Oncology, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marit Arnes
- Research Group for Gynaecologic Oncology, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lena Myreng Lyså
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Tromsø, N-9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christer Borgfeldt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bjørn Straume
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Crafton SM, Bixel K, Hays JL. PARP inhibition and gynecologic malignancies: A review of current literature and on-going trials. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 142:588-96. [PMID: 27168003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of enzymes is important in several DNA repair pathways. Drugs that inhibit these enzymes have been investigated in many types of cancer, but their application in the treatment of gynecologic malignancies has rapidly evolved - as manifested by the 2014 FDA approval for olaparib in the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer associated with a germline BRCA mutation (gBRCA). In efforts to broaden their efficacy, current clinical trials have demonstrated benefit of olaparib, and other PARP inhibitors (PARPi), as single agents and in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy and biologic agents, in wide ranging populations. Although the majority of data for PARPi in gynecologic malignancies has been specifically regarding ovarian cancer, their role in the treatment of uterine and cervical cancer is currently being investigated. This review will serve as a synopsis of seminal trials to date, summarize the breadth of clinical application in on-going studies, query how these results may change future practice, and reflect on questions yet to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Crafton
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, United States.
| | - K Bixel
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, United States
| | - J L Hays
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, United States; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Rapid Identification of FGFR2 Gene Mutations in Taiwanese Patients With Endometrial Cancer Using High-resolution Melting Analysis. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016; 23:532-7. [PMID: 25517871 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene have been reported in endometrial cancer and mutant FGFR2 has been pointed out as a potential therapeutic target. The aim of the current study was to use a high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis to identify FGFR2 hotspot mutations and to investigate the occurrence of these mutations in the Taiwanese population with endometrial cancer. DESIGN AND METHODS HRM analysis was designed to characterize the FGFR2 hotspot mutations. DNAs were extracted from 72 cases of fresh-frozen endometrial cancer tissues for FGFR2 mutational analysis by HRM analysis. The 6 exons of FGFR2 were screened by HRM analysis. All results were confirmed by direct sequencing. RESULTS We have identified the 6 reported mutations in the FGFR2 gene. The mutation c.879C>T (p.Q289P) was first reported in endometrial cancer. Each mutation could be readily and accurately identified in the difference plot curves. The frequency of FGFR2 hotspot mutations is 9.7% (7/72) in patients with endometrial cancer in the Taiwanese population. CONCLUSIONS HRM analysis is rapid, feasible, and a reliable diagnostic method for the detection of FGFR2 mutations in a clinical setting. Our results indicated the prevalence of FGFR2 mutational status in the Taiwanese population with endometrial cancer.
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Płuciennik E, Nowakowska M, Gałdyszyńska M, Popęda M, Bednarek AK. The influence of the WWOX gene on the regulation of biological processes during endometrial carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:807-15. [PMID: 26820701 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of WW domain containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) downregulation in biological cancer-related processes in normal (non-malignant) and cancer endometrial cell lines. We created an in vitro model using the normal endometrial cell line, THESC, and 2 endometrial cancer cell lines with varying degrees of differentiation, the Ishikawa (well-differentiated) and the MFE296 (moderately differentiated) cells, in which the WWOX tumor suppressor gene was silenced using Gipz lentiviral shRNA. In this model, we examined the changes in invasiveness via biological assays, such as zymography, migration through a basement membrane, the adhesion of cells to extracellular matrix proteins, anchorage-independent growth and colony formation assay. We also evaluated the correlation between the mRNA expression of the WWOX gene and genes involved in the processes of carcinogenesis, namely catenin beta-1 (CTNNB1) and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) (gene transcription), cadherin 1 (CDH1) and ezrin (EZR) (cell adhesion), vimentin (VIM) (structural proteins), as well as phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) (tumor suppression) and secreted protein, acidic, cysteine-rich (osteonectin) (SPARC) (SPARC) (cell growth regulation) by RT-qPCR. Downregulation of the WWOX gene in the moderately differentiated MFE296 cell line caused decreased migratory capacity, and a reduction of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity. However, these cells grew in semisolid medium and exhibited higher expression of CDH1 and EZR (cell adhesion) and secreted protein, acidic, cysteine-rich (osteonectin) (SPARC) (cell growth regulation). Moreover, in the well-differentiated endometrial cancer (Ishikawa) cell line, WWOX gene silencing resulted in an increased ability of the cells to proliferate indefinitely. Additionally, WWOX regulated changes in adhesion potential in both the normal and cancer cell lines. Our results suggest that the WWOX tumor suppressor gene modulated the processes of cell motility, cell adhesion, gene expression and remodeling in endometrial cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Płuciennik
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - M Nowakowska
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - M Gałdyszyńska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - M Popęda
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - A K Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
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Buhtoiarova TN, Brenner CA, Singh M. Endometrial Carcinoma: Role of Current and Emerging Biomarkers in Resolving Persistent Clinical Dilemmas. Am J Clin Pathol 2016; 145:8-21. [PMID: 26712866 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqv014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Type II and other high-grade endometrial carcinomas may challenge conventional treatment due to recurrence and metastatic spread and therefore are a persistent clinical dilemma. Effective targeted therapy for these is a goal for clinicians and researchers alike. METHODS An extensive review of the literature has been performed for obtaining an in-depth understanding of the clinicopathological characteristics, etiologic factors, and molecular profile of these subsets of endometrial carcinoma. Progress made with current and emerging biomarkers for prognosis assessment and therapeutic targeting has been summarized. RESULTS There has been a significant increase in research on potential biomarkers of endometrial cancer, and beneficial targeted therapies have been identified. CONCLUSIONS Clinical trials are leading the charge for substantial gains toward personalized treatment of aggressive endometrial carcinoma subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol A Brenner
- Office of the Vice Dean for Faculty Affairs and Faculty Development, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook
| | - Meenakshi Singh
- From the Department of Pathology Department of Pathology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City.
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Nakayama K, Rahman MT, Rahman M, Nakamura K, Ishikawa M, Katagiri H, Sato E, Ishibashi T, Iida K, Ishikawa N, Kyo S. CCNE1 amplification is associated with aggressive potential in endometrioid endometrial carcinomas. Int J Oncol 2015; 48:506-16. [PMID: 26647729 PMCID: PMC4725452 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinicopathological significance of amplification was investigated of the gene encoding cyclin E (CCNE1) and we assessed whether CCNE1 was a potential target in endometrioid endometrial carcinomas. CCNE1 amplification and CCNE1 or F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7) expression in endometrial endometrioid carcinoma was assessed by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. CCNE1 knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to assess the CCNE1 function. The results showed that CCNE1 amplification was present in 9 (8.3%) of 108 endometrial carcinomas. CCNE1 amplification was correlated with high histological grade (Grade 3; P=0.0087) and lymphovascular space invasion (P=0.0258). No significant association was observed between CCNE1 amplification and FIGO stage (P=0.851), lymph node metastasis (P=0.078), body mass index (P=0.265), deep myometrial invasion (P=0.256), menopausal status (P=0.289) or patient age (P=0.0817). CCNE1 amplification was significantly correlated with shorter progression-free and overall survival (P=0.0081 and 0.0073, respectively). CCNE1 protein expression or loss of FBXW7 expression in endometrial endometrioid carcinoma tended to be correlated with shorter progression-free and overall survival; however, this difference was not statistically significant. Multivariate analysis showed that CCNE1 amplification was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival but not for progression-free survival (P=0.0454 and 0.2175, respectively). Profound growth inhibition was observed in siRNA-transfected cancer cells with endogenous CCNE1 overexpression compared with that in cancer cells having low CCNE1 expression. CCNE1 amplification was independent of p53, HER2, MLH1 and ARID1A expression but dependent on PTEN expression in endometrial carcinomas. These findings indicated that CCNE1 amplification was critical for the survival of endometrial endometrioid carcinomas. Furthermore, the effects of CCNE1 knockdown were dependent on the CCNE1 expression status, suggesting that CCNE1-targeted therapy may be beneficial for patients with endometrial endometrioid carcinoma having CCNE1 amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Nakayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Mohammed Tanjimur Rahman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Munmun Rahman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Masako Ishikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katagiri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Emi Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Tomoka Ishibashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Kouji Iida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ishikawa
- Department of Organ Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Satoru Kyo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
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Lapraz JC, Hedayat KM, Pauly P. Endobiogeny: a global approach to systems biology (part 2 of 2). Glob Adv Health Med 2014; 2:32-44. [PMID: 24416662 PMCID: PMC3833520 DOI: 10.7453/gahmj.2013.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ENDOBIOGENY AND THE BIOLOGY OF FUNCTIONS ARE BASED ON FOUR SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS THAT ARE KNOWN AND GENERALLY ACCEPTED: (1) human physiology is complex and multifactorial and exhibits the properties of a system; (2) the endocrine system manages metabolism, which is the basis of the continuity of life; (3) the metabolic activity managed by the endocrine system results in the output of biomarkers that reflect the functional achievement of specific aspects of metabolism; and (4) when biomarkers are related to each other in ratios, it contextualizes one type of function relative to another to which is it linked anatomically, sequentially, chronologically, biochemically, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Lapraz
- Société internationale de médecine endobiogénique et de physiologie intégrative, Paris, France
| | - Kamyar M Hedayat
- American Society of Endobiogenic Medicine and Integrative physiology, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Patrice Pauly
- Société internationale de médecine endobiogénique et de physiologie intégrative, Paris, France
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Titone R, Morani F, Follo C, Vidoni C, Mezzanzanica D, Isidoro C. Epigenetic control of autophagy by microRNAs in ovarian cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:343542. [PMID: 24877083 PMCID: PMC4022060 DOI: 10.1155/2014/343542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal-driven catabolic process that contributes to the preservation of cell homeostasis through the regular elimination of cellular damaged, aged, and redundant molecules and organelles. Autophagy plays dual opposite roles in cancer: on one hand it prevents carcinogenesis; on the other hand it confers an advantage to cancer cells to survive under prohibitive conditions. Autophagy has been implicated in ovarian cancer aggressiveness and in ovarian cancer cell chemoresistance and dormancy. Small noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at posttranscriptional level, thus playing an important role in many aspects of cell pathophysiology, including cancerogenesis and cancer progression. Certain miRNAs have recently emerged as important epigenetic modulators of autophagy in cancer cells. The mRNA of several autophagy-related genes contains, in fact, the target sequence for miRNAs belonging to different families, with either oncosuppressive or oncogenic activities. MiRNA profiling studies have identified some miRNAs aberrantly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues that can impact autophagy. In addition, plasma and stroma cell-derived miRNAs in tumour-bearing patients can regulate the expression of relevant autophagy genes in cancer cells. The present review focuses on the potential implications of miRNAs regulating autophagy in ovarian cancer pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Titone
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Centro di Biotecnologie per la Ricerca Medica Applicata, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via P. Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Federica Morani
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Centro di Biotecnologie per la Ricerca Medica Applicata, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via P. Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Carlo Follo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Centro di Biotecnologie per la Ricerca Medica Applicata, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via P. Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Vidoni
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Centro di Biotecnologie per la Ricerca Medica Applicata, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via P. Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Delia Mezzanzanica
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Centro di Biotecnologie per la Ricerca Medica Applicata, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via P. Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Chou WC, Cheng AL, Brotto M, Chuang CY. Visual gene-network analysis reveals the cancer gene co-expression in human endometrial cancer. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:300. [PMID: 24758163 PMCID: PMC4234489 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial cancers (ECs) are the most common form of gynecologic malignancy. Recent studies have reported that ECs reveal distinct markers for molecular pathogenesis, which in turn is linked to the various histological types of ECs. To understand further the molecular events contributing to ECs and endometrial tumorigenesis in general, a more precise identification of cancer-associated molecules and signaling networks would be useful for the detection and monitoring of malignancy, improving clinical cancer therapy, and personalization of treatments. Results ECs-specific gene co-expression networks were constructed by differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Important pathways and putative cancer hub genes contribution to tumorigenesis of ECs were identified. An elastic-net regularized classification model was built using the cancer hub gene signatures to predict the phenotypic characteristics of ECs. The 19 cancer hub gene signatures had high predictive power to distinguish among three key principal features of ECs: grade, type, and stage. Intriguingly, these hub gene networks seem to contribute to ECs progression and malignancy via cell-cycle regulation, antigen processing and the citric acid (TCA) cycle. Conclusions The results of this study provide a powerful biomarker discovery platform to better understand the progression of ECs and to uncover potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of ECs. This information might lead to improved monitoring of ECs and resulting improvement of treatment of ECs, the 4th most common of cancer in women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chun-Yu Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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41
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Tsukamoto O, Miura K, Mishima H, Abe S, Kaneuchi M, Higashijima A, Miura S, Kinoshita A, Yoshiura KI, Masuzaki H. Identification of endometrioid endometrial carcinoma-associated microRNAs in tissue and plasma. Gynecol Oncol 2014; 132:715-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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MiR-200a is involved in proliferation and apoptosis in the human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line HEC-1B by targeting the tumor suppressor PTEN. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:1977-84. [PMID: 24413994 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal cell proliferation is a main driver of tumor formation and development, which involves the deletion, mutation, and downregulation of tumor suppressor genes. One study recently demonstrated that miR-200a plays an oncogenic role by inhibiting phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) expression. In the human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line HEC-1B, suppression of miR-200a expression inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis, whereas its over-expression had no effect on proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, inhibition or over-expression of miR-200a increased or reduced the expression of PTEN, respectively, with no change in PTEN mRNA levels. These effects were achieved by directly targeting miR-200a to the 3' untranslated region of the PTEN mRNA to inhibit its translation. Taken together, we propose that in HEC-1B cells, miR-200a functions as an oncogene, affecting proliferation and apoptosis by regulating the expression of the tumor suppressor PTEN at the translational level.
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Tashiro H, Katabuchi H. The Relationship Between Estrogen and Genes in the Molecular Pathogenesis of Endometrial Carcinoma. CURRENT OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13669-013-0074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lee PS, Secord AA. Targeting molecular pathways in endometrial cancer: a focus on the FGFR pathway. Cancer Treat Rev 2013; 40:507-12. [PMID: 24332498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the majority of cases, endometrial cancer is localized and highly curable through surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. However, for patients with advanced or metastatic disease, prognosis is poor. Systemic treatments such as cytotoxic chemotherapy or hormonal therapy can cause significant toxicities including chemotherapy-related gastrointestinal, neurologic, and immunosuppressive toxicities and hormone-related hypertension, increased blood sugar, thrombosis, and pulmonary emboli. In addition, these therapies rarely lead to sustained disease control. Novel therapies with greater efficacy and reduced toxicity are needed. Recent progress in the identification of genetic abnormalities in cell signaling proteins has spurred the development of targeted agents for the treatment of patients with endometrial cancer. The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway is one of several signaling pathways that have been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of endometrial cancer. The activity of novel FGFR-targeted agents in preclinical endometrial cancer models and clinical trials will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula S Lee
- Duke University Medical Center (DUMC) 3079, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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PIK3CA missense mutation is associated with unfavorable outcome in grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma but not in serous endometrial carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2013; 132:188-93. [PMID: 24262879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the outcome association of PIK3CA mutational status within histological types of rigorously classified high-grade endometrial carcinomas. METHODS We assessed PIK3CA mutational status in exon 9 and exon 20 hot spots by Sanger sequencing of DNA derived from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue of 57 grade 3 endometrioid, 26 serous, 11 clear cell and 5 dedifferentiated carcinomas. We correlated PIK3CA mutation status with clinicopathological and other molecular parameters. Univariate and multivariate disease specific survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS PIK3CA exon 9 or exon 20 missense mutations were identified in 20 of 99 (20%) high-grade endometrial carcinomas without significant difference across histological types (p=0.22). Presence of PIK3CA exon 9 or exon 20 missense mutations was associated with shorter disease specific survival within grade 3 endometrioid (p=0.0029) but not endometrial serous (p=0.57) carcinoma based on univariate analysis. Within grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma, PIK3CA exon 9 or exon 20 missense mutations were more commonly observed in cases that were deficient for mismatch repair protein expression (p=0.0058) and showed loss of ARID1A expression (p=0.037). CONCLUSIONS PIK3CA exon 9 or exon 20 missense mutations are present across all histological types of high-grade endometrial carcinomas but a significant outcome association is only seen in grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma, suggesting a greater biological importance in this tumor type.
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Iglesias DA, Yates MS, van der Hoeven D, Rodkey TL, Zhang Q, Co NN, Burzawa J, Chigurupati S, Celestino J, Bowser J, Broaddus R, Hancock JF, Schmandt R, Lu KH. Another surprise from Metformin: novel mechanism of action via K-Ras influences endometrial cancer response to therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:2847-56. [PMID: 24077915 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is an oral biguanide commonly used for the treatment of type II diabetes and has recently been demonstrated to possess antiproliferative properties that can be exploited for the prevention and treatment of a variety of cancers. The mechanisms underlying this effect have not been fully elucidated. Using both in vitro and in vivo models, we examined the effects of metformin on endometrial tumors with defined aberrations in the PI3K/PTEN/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways to understand metformin mechanism of action and identify clinically useful predictors of response to this agent. In vitro assays of proliferation, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis were used to quantify the effects of metformin on endometrial cancer cell lines with mutations in the PI3K/PTEN/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways. The in vivo effects of oral metformin on tumor progression were further examined using xenograft mouse models of endometrial cancer. K-Ras localization was analyzed by confocal microscopy using GFP-labeled oncogenic K-Ras and by immunoblot following subcellular fractionation. Metformin inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and decreased tumor growth in preclinical endometrial cancer models, with the greatest response observed in cells harboring activating mutations in K-Ras. Furthermore, metformin displaces constitutively active K-Ras from the cell membrane, causing uncoupling of the MAPK signaling pathway. These studies provide a rationale for clinical trials using metformin in combination with PI3K-targeted agents for tumors harboring activating K-Ras mutations, and reveal a novel mechanism of action for metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Iglesias
- Corresponding Author: Karen H. Lu, Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, 1155 Hermann Pressler Dr., Unit 1362, Houston, TX 77030.
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Influence of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor AG1478 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition in endometrial carcinoma cells. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2013; 22:1457-62. [PMID: 23099861 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0b013e31826ed2be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the influence of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor AG1478 on the proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in endometrial carcinoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The inhibitory effect of different concentrations of AG1478 on the proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells was detected by tetrazolium-based assay. Western blot was applied to investigate the influence of AG1478 on expressions of epithelium-cadherin, α-catenin, neural cadherin, vimentin, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and MMP2 protein in endometrial carcinoma cells. The influence of AG1478 on migration and invasion of endometrial carcinoma cells was examined by Transwell migration and invasion assay, respectively. RESULTS AG1478 could suppress the proliferation of different endometrial carcinoma cells, and cells transfected with epidermal growth factor receptor were more sensitive (P < 0.05). The expression of an increase in epithelial marker proteins and a decrease in mesenchymal marker proteins, MMP9, MMP2 were observed in endometrial carcinoma cells after AG1478 treated. This effect was more obvious in cells transfected with epidermal growth factor receptor (P < 0.05). The migration and invasion ability of endometrial carcinoma cells were suppressed by AG1478, and Ishikawa cells transfected with epidermal growth factor receptor were demonstrated to be more sensitive to AG1478 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor AG1478 could effectively inhibit the proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of endometrial carcinoma cells.
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Darlington Y, Jeong JW, Lee KY, Franco HL, Chen ES, McOwiti A, Mistretta TA, Steffen D, Becnel L, DeMayo FJ. Research Resource: The Endometrium Database Resource (EDR). Mol Endocrinol 2013; 27:548-54. [DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In order to understand the biology of the endometrium and potentially develop new diagnostic tools and treatments for endometrial diseases, the highly orchestrated gene expression/regulation that occurs within the uterus must first be understood. Even though a wealth of information on endometrial gene expression/regulation is available, this information is scattered across several different resources in formats that can be difficult for the average bench scientist to query, integrate, and utilize. The Endometrium Database Resource (EDR) was created as a single evolving resource for protein- and micro-RNA-encoding genes that have been shown by gene expression microarray, Northern blot, or other experiments in the literature to have their expression regulated in the uterus of humans, mice, rats, cows, domestic pigs, guinea pigs, and sheep. Genes are annotated in EDR with basic gene information (eg, gene symbol and chromosome), gene orthologs, and gene ontologies. Links are also provided to external resources for publication/s, nucleic and amino acid sequence, gene product function, and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) phase expression graph information. The resource also allows for direct comparison of relative gene expression in different microarray experiments for genes shown in the literature to be differentially expressed in the uterus. It is available via a user-friendly, web-based interface and is available without charge or restriction to the entire scientific community. The EDR can be accessed at http://edr.research.bcm.edu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Darlington
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center (Y.D., L.B.),Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jae-Wook Jeong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.-W.J., K.Y.L., H.L.F., L.B., F.J.D.),Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Kevin Y. Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.-W.J., K.Y.L., H.L.F., L.B., F.J.D.),Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Heather L. Franco
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.-W.J., K.Y.L., H.L.F., L.B., F.J.D.),Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Edward S. Chen
- Department of Medicine (E.S.C., A.M., T.-A.M., D.S., L.B., F.J.D.), Section of Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Apollo McOwiti
- Department of Medicine (E.S.C., A.M., T.-A.M., D.S., L.B., F.J.D.), Section of Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Toni-Ann Mistretta
- Department of Medicine (E.S.C., A.M., T.-A.M., D.S., L.B., F.J.D.), Section of Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - David Steffen
- Department of Medicine (E.S.C., A.M., T.-A.M., D.S., L.B., F.J.D.), Section of Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Lauren Becnel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.-W.J., K.Y.L., H.L.F., L.B., F.J.D.),Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Medicine (E.S.C., A.M., T.-A.M., D.S., L.B., F.J.D.), Section of Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Francesco J. DeMayo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.-W.J., K.Y.L., H.L.F., L.B., F.J.D.),Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Medicine (E.S.C., A.M., T.-A.M., D.S., L.B., F.J.D.), Section of Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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49
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Strissel PL, Ruebner M, Thiel F, Wachter D, Ekici AB, Wolf F, Thieme F, Ruprecht K, Beckmann MW, Strick R. Reactivation of codogenic endogenous retroviral (ERV) envelope genes in human endometrial carcinoma and prestages: Emergence of new molecular targets. Oncotarget 2013; 3:1204-19. [PMID: 23085571 PMCID: PMC3717959 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EnCa) is the most common invasive gynaecologic carcinoma. Over 85% of EnCa are classified as endometrioid, expressing steroid hormone receptors and mostly involving pathological prestages. Human endogenous retroviruses (ERV) are chromosomally integrated genes, account for about 8% of the human genome and are implicated in the etiology of carcinomas. The majority of ERV envelope (env) coding genes are either not present or not consistently represented between common gene expression microarrays. The aim of this study was to analyse the absolute gene expression of all known 21 ERV env genes including 19 codogenic and two env genes with premature stop codons in EnCa, endometrium as well as in hyperplasia and polyps. For EnCa seven env genes had high expression with >200 mol/ng cDNA (e.g. envH1-3, Syncytin-1, envT), two middle >50 mol/ng cDNA (envFc2, erv-3) and 12 low <50 mol/ng cDNA (e.g. Syncytin-2, envV2). Regarding tumor parameters, Syncytin-1 and Syncytin-2 were significantly over-expressed in advanced stage pT2 compared to pT1b. In less differentiated EnCa Syncytin-1, erv-3, envT and envFc2 were significantly over-expressed. Syncytin-1, Syncytin-2 and erv-3 were specific to glandular epithelial cells of polyps, hyperplasia and EnCa using immunohistochemistry. An analysis of 10 patient-matched EnCa with endometrium revealed that the ERV-W 5' long terminal repeat regulating Syncytin-1 was hypomethylated, including the ERE and CRE overlapping MeCP2 sites. Functional analyses showed that 10 env genes were regulated by methylation in EnCa using the RL95-2 cell line. In conclusion, over-expressed env genes could serve as indicators for pathological pre-stages and EnCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela L Strissel
- University-Clinic Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Erlangen, Germany
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50
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Yoshioka T, Yogosawa S, Yamada T, Kitawaki J, Sakai T. Combination of a novel HDAC inhibitor OBP-801/YM753 and a PI3K inhibitor LY294002 synergistically induces apoptosis in human endometrial carcinoma cells due to increase of Bim with accumulation of ROS. Gynecol Oncol 2013; 129:425-32. [PMID: 23403163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In most endometrial carcinoma, it has been observed that the PI3K/Akt pathway is abnormally accelerated in association with mutations in PIK3CA and PTEN. The present study aimed to examine the combined effect of a novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor OBP-801/YM753 and a PI3K inhibitor LY294002 against human endometrial carcinoma cells. METHODS The effects of OBP-801/YM753 and LY294002 on the growth of human endometrial carcinoma HEC-1A cells were examined using WST-8 and colony formation assays. The distribution of the cell cycle or apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured with a 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester (CM-H2DCFDA) dye. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was investigated by Western blotting. Mice engrafted with 1×10(8) HEC-1A cells were treated with OBP-801/YM753, LY294002 or the combination, and tumor volumes were measured. RESULTS The combination of OBP-801/YM753 and LY294002 significantly inhibited the cell growth on comparison with each agent alone and synergistically increased apoptosis with the induction of Bim, a well-known apoptosis inducer. Additionally, the apoptosis induced by the combination was shown to be dependent on intracellular ROS accumulation and Bim induction. Moreover, the apoptosis-inducing effect of OBP-801/YM753 with LY294002 was more potent than that of SAHA with LY294002. Combined treatment with OBP-801/YM753 and LY294002 significantly suppressed tumor growth compared to the control in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The combination of OBP-801/YM753 and LY294002 is effective on the inhibition of the growth of HEC-1A cells, and we suggest that this combination is promising a novel therapeutic strategy for endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yoshioka
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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