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Hisamuddin ASDB, Naomi R, Bin Manan KA, Bahari H, Yazid MD, Othman F, Embong H, Hadizah Jumidil S, Hussain MK, Zakaria ZA. Phytochemical component and toxicological evaluation of purple sweet potato leaf extract in male Sprague–Dawley rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1132087. [PMID: 37077809 PMCID: PMC10106777 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1132087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the toxicity of lutein-rich purple sweet potato leaf (PSPL) extract in male Sprague–Dawley rats.Methods and study design: A total of 54 adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were used. For the acute toxicity study, three rats in the acute control group were fed 2,000 mg/kg of PSPL for 14 days. The subacute toxicity study included six rats each in four groups administered 50, 250, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg for 28 days and observed for further 14 days without treatment in the subacute control and subacute satellite groups. Changes in body weight; blood biochemistry; hematological parameters; relative organ weight; and histological sections of the heart, kidney, liver, pancreas, aorta, and retina were observed for signs of toxicity.Results: The gradual increase in weekly body weight, normal level full blood count, normal liver and kidney profile, relative organ weight, and histological sections of all stained organ tissue in the treated group compared with the acute, subacute, and satellite control groups demonstrated the absence of signs of toxicity.Conclusion: Lutein-rich PSPL extract shows no signs of toxicity up to 2,000 mg/kg/day.
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Favorable Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil on Neuronal Damage and Mortality after a Stroke Incidence in the Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111857. [PMID: 36430992 PMCID: PMC9694050 DOI: 10.3390/life12111857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is consistently one of the top ten causes of morbidity and mortality globally, whose outcomes are quite variable, necessitating case-specific management. Prophylactic diets before the onset of stroke have been implicated to work. In this research, the effects of virgin coconut oil (VCO) on stroke were evaluated using a stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) model. Eight-week-old SHRSPs were subjected to the repeated oral administration (5 mL/kg/day) of either 1% Tween 80 (group A) or VCO (group B). An early stroke onset was observed due to hypertension that was aggravation by the administration of 1% NaCl in water ad libitum. The following data were collected: the days until stroke occurred, the survival rate until the animal died, and blood pressure (BP) every two weeks using the tail-cuff method. After necropsy, the organs were harvested, and the brain was processed for a routine histopathological analysis. VCO delayed the incidence of it and prolonged their survival. Compared to group A, group B showed a significantly lowered BP by 20 mmHg at four weeks after the start of VCO treatment. Lastly, the brain histopathology showed that the structurally damaged areas were smaller in group B than they were in group A. The VCO could have protective effects on the brain before and even after stroke incidence.
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Chi K, Zou Y, Liu C, Dong Z, Liu Y, Guo N. Staphylococcal enterotoxin A induces DNA damage in hepatocytes and liver tissues. Toxicon 2022; 221:106980. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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N P D, Kondengadan MS, Sweilam SH, Rahman MH, Muhasina KM, Ghosh P, Bhargavi D, Palati DJ, Maiz F, Duraiswamy B. Neuroprotective role of coconut oil for the prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disease: potential mechanisms of action. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-33. [PMID: 36208039 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2122296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease (ND) is a clinical condition in which neurons degenerate with a consequent loss of functions in the affected brain region. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most progressive ND after Alzheimer's disease (AD), which affects the motor system and is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons from the nigrostriatal pathway in the midbrain, leading to bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, postural instability and non-motor symptoms such as cognitive declines, psychiatric disturbances, autonomic failures, sleep difficulties, and pain syndrome. Coconut oil (CO) is an edible oil obtained from the meat of Cocos nucifera fruit that belongs to the palm family and contains 92% saturated fatty acids. CO has been shown to mediate oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and excitotoxicity-induced effects in PD in various in vitro and in vivo models as a multi-target bioagent. CO intake through diet has also been linked to a decreased incidence of PD in people. During digestion, CO is broken down into smaller molecules, like ketone bodies (KBs). The KBs then penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and are used as a source of energy its ability to cross BBB made this an important class of natural remedies for the treatment of ND. The current review describes the probable neuroprotective potential pathways of CO in PD, either prophylactic or therapeutic. In addition, we briefly addressed the important pathogenic pathways that might be considered to investigate the possible use of CO in neurodegeneration such as AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika N P
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Sherouk Hussein Sweilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Egypt
| | | | - K M Muhasina
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Puja Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Divya Bhargavi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Divya Jyothi Palati
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Fathi Maiz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 9004
- Laboratory of Thermal Processes, Center for Energy Research and Technology, Borj-Cedria, BP:95 Tunisia
| | - B Duraiswamy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
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Ghorbannezhad G, Derakhshan AR, Daneshfard B. Potential Therapeutic Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil on COVID-19. TANAFFOS 2022; 21:405-407. [PMID: 37583783 PMCID: PMC10423862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Ghorbannezhad
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Derakhshan
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Babak Daneshfard
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Persian Medicine Network (PMN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Mamadapur R, Naik Z, Kumar SL, Bagewadi A. Comparative efficacy of topical coconut cream and clobetasol propionate ointment for the management of oral lichen planus: A double-blinded randomized control trial. Indian J Pharmacol 2022; 54:84-89. [PMID: 35546458 PMCID: PMC9249154 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_984_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a quite common chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disorder affecting the oral cavity and skin. The current treatment relies on systemic or topical corticosteroids but is known to cause side effects thereby demanding a search for an alternative. AIM This study aims to assess and to compare the efficacy of topical Coconut (Cocos nucifera) 50% cream and Clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment for the management of OLP. SETTINGS AND DESIGN An institution-based double-blinded randomized control trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty clinically diagnosed OLP patients were allotted to two groups (30 in each): Group I (Coconut cream-50%) and Group II (Clobetasol Propionate ointment-0.05%). Patients were examined every 15 days until two months for a change in the lesion size and reduction in the burning sensation. The measurement of lesion size and burning sensation was done using Adobe Photoshop software (version CS3) and Numeric Pain Rating scale (NPS), respectively. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED The recordings were subjected to the statistical analysis using Wilcoxon matched-pairs and Mann-Whitney U tests for intra-group and inter-group comparisons, respectively. RESULTS There was an 85% regression in the size of the lesion in Group I whereas Group II had it to be 95%, and a 100% reduction in the NPS score in Group I whereas Group II had it to be 95%. CONCLUSION The Coconut cream showed a significant decrease in the size of the lesion and the burning sensation with no side effects neither any signs of toxicity reported during the treatment or follow-up, thereby proving to be a safe and promising medication for OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshani Mamadapur
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KAHER's KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, JNMC Campus, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Zameera Naik
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KAHER's KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, JNMC Campus, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - S Lokesh Kumar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KAHER's KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, JNMC Campus, Belagavi, Karnataka, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Lokesh Kumar S, Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KAHER’s KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, JNMC Campus, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi - 590 010, Karnataka, India. E-mail:
| | - Anjana Bagewadi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KAHER's KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, JNMC Campus, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Ulfiana Utari A, Djabir YY, Palinggi BP. A combination of virgin coconut oil and extra virgin olive oil elicits superior protection against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in rats. Turk J Pharm Sci 2021; 19:138-144. [DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.37998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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A comprehensive review on the techniques for coconut oil extraction and its application. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1807-1818. [PMID: 34009462 PMCID: PMC8132276 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02577-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Virgin coconut oil is a useful substance in our daily life. It contains a high percentage of lauric acid which has many health benefits. The current industry has developed several methods to extract the oil out from the coconut fruit. This review paper aims to highlight several common extraction processes used in modern industries that includes cold extraction, hot extraction, low-pressure extraction, chilling, freezing and thawing method, fermentation, centrifugation, enzymatic extraction and supercritical fluid carbon dioxide. Different extraction methods will produce coconut oil with different yields and purities of lauric acid, thus having different uses and applications. Challenges that are faced by the industries in extracting the coconut oil using different methods of extraction are important to be explored so that advancement in the oil extraction technology can be done for efficient downstream processing. This study is vital as it provides insights that could enhance the production of coconut oil.
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Alves DVDS, Sousa MSB, Tavares MGB, Batista-de-Oliveira Hornsby M, Amancio-Dos-Santos A. Coconut oil supplementation during development reduces brain excitability in adult rats nourished and overnourished in lactation. Food Funct 2021; 12:3096-3103. [PMID: 33720258 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00086a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coconut oil has been considered as a therapeutic alternative in several pathologies, but there is limited information regarding its effects on brain functioning. OBJECTIVE This study analyzed whether early virgin coconut oil (VCO) supplementation interferes with electrical activity of the adult rat brain and its lipid peroxidation. Moreover, it investigated whether the putative effect on brain electrophysiology could be affected by overnutrition occurring during lactation, and/or by environmental enrichment (EE). Electrophysiology was measured through cortical spreading depression (CSD), a phenomenon related to brain excitability. METHODS Wistar rats were suckled in litters of either nine or three pups, forming nourished (N) or overnourished (ON) groups, respectively. Between the 7th and 30th days of life, half of the animals in each group received VCO (10 mg kg-1 d-1; by gavage). The other half received an equivalent amount of vehicle (V, 0.009% cremophor). On day 36, animals from both groups were subjected to EE for 4 weeks. At 105 ± 15 days of life, each animal was subjected to CSD recordings and lipid peroxidation analyses. RESULTS Overnutrition during lactation enhanced body and brain weights. VCO decelerated the CSD propagation velocity (control - 3.57 ± 0.23 mm min-1versus VCO - 3.27 ± 0.18 mm min-1; p < 0.001), regardless of whether subjected to overnourishment or EE exposure. Neither VCO nor EE modified the cerebral lipid peroxidation (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION VCO supplementation impaired the spreading of CSD, indicating reduction of brain excitability. VCO effects occurred regardless of the nutritional state during lactation.
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Deen A, Visvanathan R, Wickramarachchi D, Marikkar N, Nammi S, Jayawardana BC, Liyanage R. Chemical composition and health benefits of coconut oil: an overview. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2182-2193. [PMID: 33022082 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Coconut oil is an integral part of Sri Lankan and many South Asian diets. Initially, coconut oil was classified along with saturated fatty acid food items and criticized for its negative impact on health. However, research studies have shown that coconut oil is a rich source of medium-chain fatty acids. Thus, this has opened new prospects for its use in many fields. Beyond its usage in cooking, coconut oil has attracted attention due to its hypocholesterolemic, anticancer, antihepatosteatotic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and skin moisturizing properties. Despite all the health benefits, consumption of coconut oil is still underrated due to a lack of supportive scientific evidence. Even though studies done in Asian countries claim a favorable impact on cardiac health and serum lipid profile, the limitations in the number of studies conducted among Western countries impede the endorsement of the real value of coconut oil. Hence, long-term extensive studies with proper methodologies are suggested to clear all the controversies and misconceptions of coconut oil consumption. This review discusses the composition and functional properties of coconut oils extracted using various processing methods. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afka Deen
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
- Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Rizliya Visvanathan
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Nazrim Marikkar
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Sirinivas Nammi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Barana C Jayawardana
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Ruvini Liyanage
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
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Daoudi NE, Bouhrim M, Bnouham M. A Review on Hepatoprotective Effects of Some Medicinal Plant Oils. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817666200831175139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The liver is the second largest organ inside the human body. It can be damaged
by several toxic molecules and medicinal agents taken in overdoses. Indeed, there are some
oils obtained from different herbs that can be used to protect the liver injury.
Objective:
This review aims to give details on some oils that have been tested for their hepatoprotective
effect.
Methods:
We reviewed 79 articles published between 1980 and 2019 in English language using
three databases Sciencedirect, Web of Science and PubMed. So, we have used the keywords related
to hepatoprotective activity: Hepatoprotective, liver disease, plant and oil and we have classified the
plants in alphabetical order as a list containing their scientific and family names, as well as the experimental
assay and the results obtained from these studies.
Results:
As a result, we have described 18 species belonging to 18 families: Altingiaceae, Apiaceae,
Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Cactaceae, Caryocaraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Lauraceae, Leguminoseae, Malvaceae,
Moringaceae, Myrtaceae, Oleaceae, Pinaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Theaceae and Vitaceae.
Among the most common fatty acids present in hepatoprotective oils are palmitic acid, linoleic
acid, oleic acid and stearic acid.
Conclusion:
These oils have shown beneficial properties regarding the hepatoprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Elhouda Daoudi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed First, Boulevard Mohamed VI; BP: 717; 60 000, Oujda,Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bouhrim
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed First, Boulevard Mohamed VI; BP: 717; 60 000, Oujda,Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bnouham
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed First, Boulevard Mohamed VI; BP: 717; 60 000, Oujda,Morocco
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Mukhtar S, Xiaoxiong Z, Qamer S, Saad M, Mubarik MS, Mahmoud AH, Mohammed OB. Hepatoprotective activity of silymarin encapsulation against hepatic damage in albino rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:717-723. [PMID: 33424359 PMCID: PMC7783827 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis occurs due to liver injuries and toxins. Silymarin (SMR) extracted by the milk thistle seeds, is widely used such as herbal drug for its hepatoprotective properties. The purpose of this study to assess the properties of an optimized dose of encapsulated crude SMR on antidiabetic activity and liver fibrosis induced by paracetamol in male albino rat. Hepatic fibrosis was assessed by measuring liver enzymes. Results revealed that the consumption of encapsulated SMR, can effectively affluence the target and avoid the degradation of bioactive compound. Body weight of animal also significantly increased in each group during all the period. According to our optimized study, the long-term induction of SMR (300 mg/kg) significantly amplified survival time of rats with paracetamol induced hepatic injuries. The changes of liver fibrosis and the significant increase of hepatic enzyme biomarkers were also observed. In conclusion, the results suggest that SMR acts as a hepatoprotective agent by inhibiting the fibrogenisis and apoptosis in liver, as well as insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanza Mukhtar
- Food Engineering and Fermentation Lab, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Zeng Xiaoxiong
- Food Engineering and Fermentation Lab, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Samina Qamer
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saad
- General Medicine, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Samee Mubarik
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Ahmed Hossam Mahmoud
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama B. Mohammed
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Alkhatib MH, Alyamani SA, Abdu F. Incorporation of methotrexate into coconut oil nanoemulsion potentiates its antiproliferation activity and attenuates its oxidative stress. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:422-430. [PMID: 32133872 PMCID: PMC7067161 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1736209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX), a chemotherapeutic agent, has limited clinical applications due to its pulmonary and neurotoxicity. The antineoplastic activity of MTX-NE COCO, which is MTX formulated in coconut oil nanoemulsion (NE), was evaluated in A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells while its adverse side effects on the oxidative stress of the lung and brain were assessed in mice. The z-average diameter for the dispersed nanodroplet of MTX-NE COCO (79.74 ± 3.49 nm) was considerably greater than the free-NE COCO (64.80 ± 3.34 nm). In contrast, the magnitude of the negative z-potential of MTX-NE COCO (3.00 ± 0.69 mV) was markedly less than that of free-NE COCO (8.20 ± 0.76 mV). The minimum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of MTX-NE COCO (18 ± 1.8 µM) was less than the IC50 of free MTX (32 ± 1.2 µM) by around twofold. The in vivo evaluation of the MTX-NE COCO treatment revealed that the antioxidant enzymes activities of the brain and lung tissues, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase, were relatively raised while the malondialdehyde amount was diminished when compared to the free MTX treatment. In conclusion, combining MTX with coconut oil in a NE had improved its efficacy while ameliorating its oxidative stress effect on the brain and lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayson H Alkhatib
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaza A Alyamani
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiza Abdu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sales and consumption of coconut oil have been on the raise due to effective marketing strategies. Coconut oil is stated to offer various benefits including weight loss, improvement in immunity, heart health support, and memory enhancement. Also, it is often portrayed as an excellent source of medium chain triglycerides (MCTs). Here, we review the evidence behind the clinical utility of coconut oil consumption. RECENT FINDINGS Several studies consistently showed consumption of coconut oil increases low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and thereby could increase adverse cardiovascular health. Even though coconut oil has relatively high MCT concentration, the clinical benefits of commercial MCT oils cannot be generalized to coconut oil. Until the long-term effects of coconut oil on cardiovascular health are clearly established, coconut oil should be considered as a saturated fat and its consumption should not exceed the USDA's daily recommendation (less than 10% of total calorie intake).
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Sankararaman
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, UH Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Suite 737, MS RBC 6004, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Thomas J Sferra
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, UH Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Suite 737, MS RBC 6004, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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Hamsi MA, Othman F, Das S, Kamisah Y, Thent ZC, Qodriyah HMS, Zakaria Z, Emran A, Subermaniam K, Jaarin K. Effect of consumption of fresh and heated virgin coconut oil on the blood pressure and inflammatory biomarkers: An experimental study in Sprague Dawley rats. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afiq Hamsi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Faizah Othman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Yusof Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Zar Chi Thent
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
| | | | - Zaiton Zakaria
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Adel Emran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Thamar University, Yemen
| | | | - Kamsiah Jaarin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
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Health impacts of different edible oils prepared from coconut (Cocos nucifera): A comprehensive review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Rathee D, Kamboj A, Sidhu S. Augmentation of hepatoprotective potential of Aegle marmelos in combination with piperine in carbon tetrachloride model in wistar rats. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:94. [PMID: 30123925 PMCID: PMC6098993 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Aegle marmelos leaves extract. The major constituent present in the extract i.e. rutin was quantified by using HPLC. Further, the study explored hepatoprotective effect of A. marmelos (70% ethanol extract) in combination with piperine. The normal control and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administered rats were divided into 7 groups. Hepatic damage biomarkers were determined in serum samples and oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase), pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were determined in liver homogenates. CCl4 caused marked liver damage as evident by significant increased activities of serum alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, Interleukin 10 and Tumor necrosis factor-α levels compared to normal control. The oxidative stress parameters also significantly modulated in CCl4 group as compared to normal control. Treatment with A. marmelos reduced the severity of toxicity in a dose dependent fashion and the results of A. marmelos extract 50 mg/kg group were comparable to silymarin group. The low dose of A. marmelos extract (25 mg/kg) per se did not significantly reversed the hepatotoxicity but low dose of A. marmelos in combination with piperine showed significant reversal of hepatotoxicity. In conclusion, A. marmelos exerts potential hepatoprotective activity through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties which was enhanced by co-treatment with piperine.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Rathee
- Department of RIC, IKG Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India
| | - Anjoo Kamboj
- Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Punjab, India
| | - Shabir Sidhu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Main Campus, Kapurthala, Punjab, 144603, India.
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Salem GA, Shaban A, Diab HA, Elsaghayer WA, Mjedib MD, Hnesh AM, Sahu RP. Phoenix dactylifera protects against oxidative stress and hepatic injury induced by paracetamol intoxication in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:366-374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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20
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Patil U, Benjakul S. Coconut Milk and Coconut Oil: Their Manufacture Associated with Protein Functionality. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2019-2027. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Patil
- Dept. of Food Technology; Faculty of Agro-Industry; Prince of Songkla Univ.; Hat Yai Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- Dept. of Food Technology; Faculty of Agro-Industry; Prince of Songkla Univ.; Hat Yai Songkhla 90112 Thailand
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21
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Ogedengbe OO, Naidu ECS, Akang EN, Offor U, Onanuga IO, Peter AI, Jegede AI, Azu OO. Virgin coconut oil extract mitigates testicular-induced toxicity of alcohol use in antiretroviral therapy. Andrology 2018; 6:616-626. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. O. Ogedengbe
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy; Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine; University of Kwazulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
- Department of Anatomy; College of Medicine and Health Sciences; Afe Babalola University; Ado Ekiti Nigeria
| | - E. C. S. Naidu
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy; Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine; University of Kwazulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - E. N. Akang
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy; Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine; University of Kwazulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - U. Offor
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy; Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine; University of Kwazulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - I. O. Onanuga
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy; Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine; University of Kwazulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - A. I. Peter
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy; Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine; University of Kwazulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - A. I. Jegede
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy; Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine; University of Kwazulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - O. O. Azu
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy; Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine; University of Kwazulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
- Department of Anatomy; School of Medicine; University of Namibia; Windhoek Namibia
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22
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Pinto LC, De Souza CO, De Souza SA, Da Silva HB, Da Silva RR, Cerqueira-Lima AT, Teixeira TO, Da Silva TM, Medeiros KC, Bittencourt M, Brandão HR, Druzian JI, Conceição AS, Lopes MV, Figueiredo CA. Potential of Annona muricata L. seed oil: phytochemical and nutritional characterization associated with non-toxicity. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2018. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.0777171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional quality, phenolic compounds, fatty acid and antioxidant activity in vitro as well as a toxicological screening of A. muricata seed oil in vivo. The chemical composition and quantification of phenolic compounds were determined by the Adolfo Lutz Institute normative. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, FRAP and ABTS methods. The oil was extracted by chloroform/ methanol and precipitated crude (AmPtO) and supernatant oils (AmSO) were obtained. The fatty acid profile was evaluated by gas chromatography and total compounds by HPLC-DAD. BALB/C mice received AmPtO and AmSO (0.5 and 1.0mL·Kg-1) for 14 days. Toxicity parameters were assessed. The major fatty acids in the oil were oleic (39.2%) and linoleic (33%). HPLC-DAD suggested the presence of acetogenins (annonacin: 595 [M-H]-), with a greater presence in AmPtO. The AmPtO group showed toxicity, which may be related to the acetogenin content in AmPtO. The AmSO group showed no toxicity and this oil has potential for food or medicinal use.
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Narayanankutty A, Palliyil DM, Kuruvilla K, Raghavamenon AC. Virgin coconut oil reverses hepatic steatosis by restoring redox homeostasis and lipid metabolism in male Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:1757-1764. [PMID: 28862329 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatosteatosis, a form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is being increasingly recognized as a major health burden worldwide. Insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and imbalances in adipokine/cytokine interplay are reported to be involved in the onset and progression of this disease. Use of dietary nutraceuticals in prevention and treatment of NAFLD is emerging. Virgin coconut oil (VCO), a fermented product of fresh coconut kernel, has been shown to impede the development of hepatosteatosis in rats. This study analyzes the potential of VCO to reverse the already developed hepatosteatosis condition. RESULTS Hyperglycemia, reduced glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, and hepatic macrovesicles in high-fructose-diet-fed rats (4 weeks) confirmed the development of hepatosteatosis. Natural reversion in these parameters was observed upon shifting to normal diet in untreated control animals. Administration of VCO, however, increased this natural reversion by improving high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (53.5%) and reducing hepatic and serum triacylglycerols (78.0 and 51.7%). Increased hepatic glutathione level (P < 0.01), antioxidant enzyme activities (P < 0.05) and reduced lipid peroxidation were also noticed in these animals. These observations were in concordance with reduced liver enzyme activities (P < 0.01) and restoration of altered hepatic architecture. CONCLUSION The study indicates that VCO can be used as a nutraceutical against hepatosteatosis. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devika Mukundan Palliyil
- Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar P O, Thrissur, Kerala, India
- Department of Zoology, Vimala College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Kezia Kuruvilla
- Department of Zoology, Vimala College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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Oczkowicz M, Pawlina K, Bugno-Poniewierska M, Świątkiewicz M. Addition of coconut oil to the diet based on maize dried
distilled grains with solubles (DDGS) alters miR-122a expression
in the pig liver. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/80835/2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kamalaldin NA, Sulaiman SA, Yusop MR, Yahaya B. Does Inhalation of Virgin Coconut Oil Accelerate Reversal of Airway Remodelling in an Allergic Model of Asthma? Int J Inflam 2017; 2017:8741851. [PMID: 28660089 PMCID: PMC5474257 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8741851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have been done to evaluate the effect of various natural products in controlling asthma symptoms. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is known to contain active compounds that have beneficial effects on human health and diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of VCO inhalation on airway remodelling in a rabbit model of allergic asthma. The effects of VCO inhalation on infiltration of airway inflammatory cells, airway structures, goblet cell hyperplasia, and cell proliferation following ovalbumin induction were evaluated. Allergic asthma was induced by a combination of ovalbumin and alum injection and/or followed by ovalbumin inhalation. The effect of VCO inhalation was then evaluated via the rescue or the preventive route. Percentage of inflammatory cells infiltration, thickness of epithelium and mucosa regions, and the numbers of goblet and proliferative cells were reduced in the rescue group but not in preventive group. Analysis using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry found that lauric acid and capric acid were among the most abundant fatty acids present in the sample. Significant improvement was observed in rescue route in alleviating the asthma symptoms, which indicates the VCO was able to relieve asthma-related symptoms more than preventing the onset of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Kamalaldin
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - S. A. Sulaiman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - M. R. Yusop
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
- School of Chemical Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - B. Yahaya
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
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Jamila N, Khan N, Khan AA, Khan I, Khan SN, Zakaria ZA, Khairuddean M, Osman H, Kim KS. IN VIVO CARBON TETRACHLORIDE-INDUCED HEPATOPROTECTIVE AND IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF GARCINIA HOMBRONIANA (SEASHORE MANGOSTEEN). AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2017; 14:374-382. [PMID: 28573253 PMCID: PMC5446463 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i2.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Garcinia hombroniana, known as "manggis hutan" (jungle mangosteen) in Malaysia, is distributed in tropical Asia, Borneo, Thailand, Andaman, Nicobar Islands, Vietnam and India. In Malaysia, its ripened crimson sour fruit rind is used as a seasoning agent in curries and culinary dishes. Its roots and leaves decoction is used against skin infections and after child birth. This study aimed to evaluate in vivo hepatoprotective and in vitro cytotoxic activities of 20% methanolic ethyl acetate (MEA) G. hombroniana bark extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS In hepatoprotective activity, liver damage was induced by treating rats with 1.0 mL carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)/kg and MEA extract was administered at a dose of 50, 250 and 500 mg/kg 24 h before intoxication with CCl4. Cytotoxicity study was performed on MCF-7 (human breast cancer), DBTRG (human glioblastoma), PC-3 (human prostate cancer) and U2OS (human osteosarcoma) cell lines. 1H, 13C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), and IR (infrared) spectral analyses were also conducted for MEA extract. RESULTS In hepatoprotective activity evaluation, MEA extract at a higher dose level of 500 mg/kg showed significant (p<0.05) potency. In cytotoxicity study, MEA extract was more toxic towards MCF-7 and DBTRG cell lines causing 78.7% and 64.3% cell death, respectively. MEA extract in 1H, 13C-NMR, and IR spectra exhibited bands, signals and J (coupling constant) values representing aromatic/phenolic constituents. CONCLUSIONS From the results, it could be concluded that MEA extract has potency to inhibit hepatotoxicity and MCF-7 and DBTRG cancer cell lines which might be due to the phenolic compounds depicted from NMR and IR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nargis Jamila
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, 61452 Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, 26000 Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Amir Atlas Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, 26000 Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sadiq Noor Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, 26000 Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zainal Amiruddin Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdong, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Melati Khairuddean
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Osman
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kyong Su Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, 61452 Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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27
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Abarikwu SO, Benjamin S, Ebah SG, Obilor G, Agbam G. Oral administration of Moringa oleifera oil but not coconut oil prevents mercury-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Andrologia 2016; 49. [PMID: 27071754 DOI: 10.1111/and.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the effects of administration of coconut oil (CO) and Moringa oleifera oil (MO) on testicular oxidative stress, sperm quality and steroidogenesis parameters in rats treated with mercury chloride (HgCl2 ). After 15 days of oral administration of CO (2 ml kg-1 body weight) and MO (2 ml kg-1 body weight) along with intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of HgCl2 (5 mg kg-1 body weight) alone or in combination, we found that CO treatment did not protect against HgCl2 -induced poor sperm quality (motility, count) as well as decreased testosterone level and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) activity. Treatment with CO alone decreased glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in rat's testis, whereas MO did not change these parameters. Cotreatment with MO prevented HgCl2 -induced testicular catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, poor sperm quality and low testosterone level and also blocks the adverse effect of CO+HgCl2 (2 ml kg-1 body weight + 5 mg kg-1 body weight) on the investigated endpoints. In conclusion, MO and not CO decreased the deleterious effects of HgCl2 on sperm quality and steroidogenesis in rats and also strengthen the antioxidant defence of the testes. Therefore, MO is beneficial as an antioxidant in HgCl2 -induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Abarikwu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - S Benjamin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - S G Ebah
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - G Obilor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - G Agbam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
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Xu B, Li P, Ma F, Wang X, Matthäus B, Chen R, Yang Q, Zhang W, Zhang Q. Detection of virgin coconut oil adulteration with animal fats using quantitative cholesterol by GC×GC–TOF/MS analysis. Food Chem 2015; 178:128-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Shi B, Feng ZQ, Li WB, Zhang HY. Low G preconditioning reduces liver injury induced by high +Gz exposure in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:6543-6549. [PMID: 26074692 PMCID: PMC4458764 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i21.6543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of repeated lower +Gz exposure on liver injury induced by high +Gz exposure in rats.
METHODS: Sixty male Wister rats were randomly divided into a blank control group, a low G preconditioning group (LG) (exposed to +4 Gz/5 min per day for 3 d before +10 Gz/5 min exposure), and a +10 Gz/5 min group (10G) (n = 20 in each group). Blood specimens and liver tissue were harvested at 0 h and 6 h after +10 Gz/5 min exposure. Liver function was analyzed by measuring serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and liver injury was further assessed by histopathological observation. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Na+-K+-ATPase were determined in hepatic tissue.
RESULTS: The group LG had lower ALT, AST, and MDA values at 0 h after exposure than those in group 10G. SOD values and Na+-K+-ATPase activity in the LG group were higher than in group 10G 0 h post-exposure. Hepatocyte injury was significantly less in group LG than in group 10G on histopathological evaluation.
CONCLUSION: It is suggested that repeated low +Gz exposure shows a protective effect on liver injury induced by high +Gz exposure in rats.
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Kumar N, Rai A, Reddy ND, Raj PV, Jain P, Deshpande P, Mathew G, Kutty NG, Udupa N, Rao CM. Silymarin liposomes improves oral bioavailability of silybin besides targeting hepatocytes, and immune cells. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:788-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mahmood ND, Mamat SS, Kamisan FH, Yahya F, Kamarolzaman MFF, Nasir N, Mohtarrudin N, Tohid SFM, Zakaria ZA. Amelioration of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rat by the administration of methanol extract of Muntingia calabura L. leaves. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:695678. [PMID: 24868543 PMCID: PMC4017787 DOI: 10.1155/2014/695678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Muntingia calabura L. is a tropical plant species that belongs to the Elaeocarpaceae family. The present study is aimed at determining the hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of M. calabura leaves (MEMC) using two models of liver injury in rats. Rats were divided into five groups (n=6) and received 10% DMSO (negative control), 50 mg/kg N-acetylcysteine (NAC; positive control), or MEMC (50, 250, and 500 mg/kg) orally once daily for 7 days and on the 8th day were subjected to the hepatotoxic induction using paracetamol (PCM). The blood and liver tissues were collected and subjected to biochemical and microscopical analysis. The extract was also subjected to antioxidant study using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-(DPPH) and superoxide anion-radical scavenging assays. At the same time, oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) and total phenolic content were also determined. From the histological observation, lymphocyte infiltration and marked necrosis were observed in PCM-treated groups (negative control), whereas maintenance of hepatic structure was observed in group pretreated with N-acetylcysteine and MEMC. Hepatotoxic rats pretreated with NAC or MEMC exhibited significant decrease (P<0.05) in ALT and AST enzymes level. Moreover, the extract also exhibited good antioxidant activity. In conclusion, MEMC exerts potential hepatoprotective activity that could be partly attributed to its antioxidant activity and, thus warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. D. Mahmood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S. S. Mamat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - F. H. Kamisan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - F. Yahya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. F. F. Kamarolzaman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N. Nasir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N. Mohtarrudin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S. F. Md. Tohid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Z. A. Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Integrative Pharmacogenomic Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Level 7, FF3 Building, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Mamat SS, Kamarolzaman MFF, Yahya F, Mahmood ND, Shahril MS, Jakius KF, Mohtarrudin N, Ching SM, Susanti D, Taher M, Zakaria ZA. Methanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum leaves exerted antioxidant and liver protective activity in rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:326. [PMID: 24267313 PMCID: PMC3879098 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Melastoma malabathricum L. (Melastomaceae) is a small shrub with various medicinal uses. The present study was carried out to determine the hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of M. malabathricum leaves (MEMM) against the paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in rats model. Methods The respective chemicals and herbal solutions (10% DMSO, 200 mg/kg silymarin or MEMM (50, 250 and 500 mg/kg)) were administered orally to rats once everyday for 7 days followed by the hepatotoxicity assay. The blood samples and livers were collected and subjected to biochemical and microscopical analysis. Prior to the hepatoprotective study, MEMM was subjected to determination of the total phenolic content (TPC) and the antioxidant properties using several standard assays (e.g. 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl- and superoxide anion- radical scavenging assay, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay). Results MEMM exerted significant (p < 0.05) and high antioxidant activity in which high TPC was recorded; while in the hepatotoxicity study, the extract exhibited significant hepatoprotective effects against the paracetamol-induced hepatotoxic model. The results observed for serum liver enzymes (ALT, ALP and AST) as well as the microscopic observations and microscopic scoring supported the hepatoprotective potential of MEMM. The phytochemical and HPLC analysis of MEMM demonstrated the presence of flavonoids as its major constituents. Conclusions The MEMM-induced hepatoprotective activity could be allied partly to its antioxidant activity and the presence of flavonoids.
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Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of methanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea (Linn.) flower against acetaminophen-induced liver damage. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(13)60075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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34
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Yahya F, Mamat SS, Kamarolzaman MFF, Seyedan AA, Jakius KF, Mahmood ND, Shahril MS, Suhaili Z, Mohtarrudin N, Susanti D, Somchit MN, Teh LK, Salleh MZ, Zakaria ZA. Hepatoprotective Activity of Methanolic Extract of Bauhinia purpurea Leaves against Paracetamol-Induced Hepatic Damage in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:636580. [PMID: 23853662 PMCID: PMC3703353 DOI: 10.1155/2013/636580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to further establish the pharmacological properties of Bauhinia purpurea (Fabaceae), hepatoprotective potential of methanol extract of B. purpurea leaves (MEBP) was investigated using the paracetamol- (PCM-) induced liver toxicity in rats. Five groups of rats (n = 6) were used and administered orally once daily with 10% DMSO (negative control), 200 mg/kg silymarin (positive control), or MEBP (50, 250, and 500 mg/kg) for 7 days, followed by the hepatotoxicity induction using paracetamol (PCM). The blood samples and livers were collected and subjected to biochemical and microscopical analysis. The extract was also subjected to antioxidant study using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay with the total phenolic content (TPC) also determined. From the histological observation, lymphocyte infiltration and marked necrosis were observed in PCM-treated groups (negative control), whereas maintenance of the normal hepatic structural was observed in group pretreated with silymarin and MEBP. Hepatotoxic rats pretreated with silymarin or MEBP exhibited significant decrease (P < 0.05) in ALT and AST enzyme level. Moreover, the extract also exhibited antioxidant activity and contained high TPC. In conclusion, MEBP exerts potential hepatoprotective activity that could be partly attributed to its antioxidant activity and high phenolic content and thus warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Yahya
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S. S. Mamat
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. F. F. Kamarolzaman
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A. A. Seyedan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K. F. Jakius
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N. D. Mahmood
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. S. Shahril
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Z. Suhaili
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 20300 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - N. Mohtarrudin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - D. Susanti
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jl Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - M. N. Somchit
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - L. K. Teh
- Pharmacogenomics Centre (PROMISE), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. Z. Salleh
- Pharmacogenomics Centre (PROMISE), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Z. A. Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Pharmacogenomics Centre (PROMISE), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Kamisan FH, Yahya F, Ismail NA, Din SS, Mamat SS, Zabidi Z, Zainulddin WNW, Mohtarrudin N, Husain H, Ahmad Z, Zakaria ZA. Hepatoprotective Activity of Methanol Extract of Melastoma malabathricum Leaf in Rats. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2013; 6:52-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of germinated and fermented mung bean on ethanol-mediated liver damage. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:693613. [PMID: 23484140 PMCID: PMC3591205 DOI: 10.1155/2013/693613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mung bean is a hepatoprotective agent in dietary supplements. Fermentation and germination processes are well recognized to enhance the nutritional values especially the concentration of active compounds such as amino acids and GABA of various foods. In this study, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of freeze-dried mung bean and amino-acid- and GABA-enriched germinated and fermented mung bean aqueous extracts were compared. Liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), nitric oxide (NO) levels, and serum biochemical profile such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), triglycerides (TG), and cholesterol and histopathological changes were examined for the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of these treatments. Germinated and fermented mung bean have recorded an increase of 27.9 and 7.3 times of GABA and 8.7 and 13.2 times of amino acid improvement, respectively, as compared to normal mung bean. Besides, improvement of antioxidant levels, serum markers, and NO level associated with better histopathological evaluation indicated that these extracts could promote effective recovery from hepatocyte damage. These results suggested that freeze-dried, germinated, and fermented mung bean aqueous extracts enriched with amino acids and GABA possessed better hepatoprotective effect as compared to normal mung bean.
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37
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Anggadired K, Barlian A, Marga Pina YD, Anggraeny D. Virgin Coconut Oil Prevents Nicotine Dependence and Relapse. INT J PHARMACOL 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2011.664.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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