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Abusamra SM, Barber R, Sharafeldin M, Edwards CM, Davis JJ. The integrated on-chip isolation and detection of circulating tumour cells. SENSORS & DIAGNOSTICS 2024; 3:562-584. [PMID: 38646187 PMCID: PMC11025039 DOI: 10.1039/d3sd00302g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are cancer cells shed from a primary tumour which intravasate into the blood stream and have the potential to extravasate into distant tissues, seeding metastatic lesions. As such, they can offer important insight into cancer progression with their presence generally associated with a poor prognosis. The detection and enumeration of CTCs is, therefore, critical to guiding clinical decisions during treatment and providing information on disease state. CTC isolation has been investigated using a plethora of methodologies, of which immunomagnetic capture and microfluidic size-based filtration are the most impactful to date. However, the isolation and detection of CTCs from whole blood comes with many technical barriers, such as those presented by the phenotypic heterogeneity of cell surface markers, with morphological similarity to healthy blood cells, and their low relative abundance (∼1 CTC/1 billion blood cells). At present, the majority of reported methods dissociate CTC isolation from detection, a workflow which undoubtedly contributes to loss from an already sparse population. This review focuses on developments wherein isolation and detection have been integrated into a single-step, microfluidic configuration, reducing CTC loss, increasing throughput, and enabling an on-chip CTC analysis with minimal operator intervention. Particular attention is given to immune-affinity, microfluidic CTC isolation, coupled to optical, physical, and electrochemical CTC detection (quantitative or otherwise).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia M Abusamra
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford Oxford OX3 9DU UK
| | - Robert Barber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | | | - Claire M Edwards
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford Oxford OX3 9DU UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Systems, University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
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Chauhan A, Pal A, Sachdeva M, Boora GS, Parsana M, Bakshi J, Verma RK, Srinivasan R, Chatterjee D, Maitra A, Ghoshal S. A FACS-based novel isolation technique identifies heterogeneous CTCs in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1269211. [PMID: 38469233 PMCID: PMC10925612 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1269211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Isolating circulating tumour cells (CTCs) from the blood is challenging due to their low abundance and heterogeneity. Limitations of conventional CTC detection methods highlight the need for improved strategies to detect and isolate CTCs. Currently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved CellSearch™ and other RUO techniques are not available in India. Therefore, we wanted to develop a flexible CTC detection/isolation technique that addresses the limitation(s) of currently available techniques and is suitable for various downstream applications. Methods We developed a novel, efficient, user-friendly CTC isolation strategy combining density gradient centrifugation and immuno-magnetic hematogenous cell depletion with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-based positive selection using multiple CTC-specific cell-surface markers. For FACS, a stringent gating strategy was optimised to exclude debris and doublets by side scatter/forward scatter (SSC/FSC) discriminator, remove dead cells by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, and eliminate non-specific fluorescence using a "dump" channel. APC-labelled anti-CD45mAB was used to gate remaining hematogenous cells, while multiple epithelial markers (EpCAM, EGFR, and Pan-Cytokeratin) and an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker (Vimentin) labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) were used to sort cancer cells. The technique was initially developed by spiking Cal 27 cancer cells into the blood of healthy donors and then validated in 95 biopsy-proven oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. CTCs isolated from patients were reconfirmed by Giemsa staining, immuno-staining, and whole transcriptome amplification (WTA), followed by qRT-PCR. In vitro culture and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) were also performed to confirm their suitability for various downstream applications. Results The mean detection efficiency for the Cal 27 tongue cancer cells spiked in the whole blood of healthy donors was 32.82% ± 12.71%. While ~75% of our patients (71/95) had detectable CTCs, the CTC positivity was independent of the TNM staging. The isolated potential cancer cells from OSCC patients were heterogeneous in size. They expressed different CTC-specific markers in various combinations as identified by qRT-PCR after WTA in different patients. Isolated CTCs were also found to be suitable for downstream applications like short-term CTC culture and RNA-Seq. Conclusion We developed a sensitive, specific, flexible, and affordable CTC detection/isolation technique, which is scalable to larger patient cohorts, provides a snapshot of CTC heterogeneity, isolates live CTCs ready for downstream molecular analysis, and, most importantly, is suitable for developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arnab Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Meenakshi Sachdeva
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Geeta S. Boora
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Monil Parsana
- Department of Otolaryngology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jaimanti Bakshi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Roshan Kumar Verma
- Department of Otolaryngology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Radhika Srinivasan
- Department of Cytology and Gynecological Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Debajyoti Chatterjee
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arindam Maitra
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Sushmita Ghoshal
- Department of Radiotherapy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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3
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Khan MI, Easwaran M, Martinez JD, Kimura A, Erickson-DiRenzo E. Method for Collecting Single Epithelial Cells from the Mouse Larynx. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:786-794. [PMID: 37602769 PMCID: PMC10841475 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The larynx is lined by specialized epithelial cell populations. Studying molecular changes occurring in individual epithelial cell types requires a reliable method for removing these cells from the larynx. Our objective was to develop a method to harvest individual epithelial cells from the mouse larynx while minimizing contamination from non-laryngeal sites and non-epithelial laryngeal cells. METHODS Mice were euthanized, and the larynx was carefully exposed and separated from non-laryngeal sites. A small dental brush was inserted into the laryngeal inlet and rotated to obtain epithelial cells. Cells were transferred to collection media, counted, and cytospin preparations stained for laryngeal epithelial (i.e., Pan-Keratin, EpCAM, NGFR, p63, K5, β-tubulin, MUC5AC) and non-epithelial (i.e., vimentin) cell markers. Histopathology was completed on brushed laryngeal tissue sections to evaluate the depth of cell collection. Preliminary Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed to confirm this method can capture diverse laryngeal cell types. RESULTS We collected 6000-8000 cells from a single larynx and 35000-40000 cells from combining brushings from three tissues. Histopathology demonstrated brushing removed the epithelial layer of the larynx and some underlying tissue. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated the phenotype of harvested cells was primarily epithelial. Preliminary scRNA-seq was successfully conducted and displayed nine unique cell clusters. CONCLUSION We developed a reliable method of harvesting individual epithelial cells from the mouse larynx. This method will be useful for collection of laryngeal cells for a variety of downstream cellular and molecular assays, including scRNA-seq, protein analyses, and cell-culture-based experiments, following laryngeal injury. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 134:786-794, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Imran Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Meena Easwaran
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Joshua D. Martinez
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Akari Kimura
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Elizabeth Erickson-DiRenzo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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Mansur A, Radovanovic I. The expansion of liquid biopsies to vascular care: an overview of existing principles, techniques and potential applications to vascular malformation diagnostics. Front Genet 2024; 15:1348096. [PMID: 38304336 PMCID: PMC10832994 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1348096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular malformations are congenital lesions that occur due to mutations in major cellular signalling pathways which govern angiogenesis, cell proliferation, motility, and cell death. These pathways have been widely studied in oncology and are substrates for various small molecule inhibitors. Given their common molecular biology, there is now a potential to repurpose these cancer drugs for vascular malformation care; however, a molecular diagnosis is required in order to tailour specific drugs to the individual patient's mutational profile. Liquid biopsies (LBs), emerging as a transformative tool in the field of oncology, hold significant promise in this feat. This paper explores the principles and technologies underlying LBs and evaluates their potential to revolutionize the management of vascular malformations. The review begins by delineating the fundamental principles of LBs, focusing on the detection and analysis of circulating biomarkers such as cell-free DNA, circulating tumor cells, and extracellular vesicles. Subsequently, an in-depth analysis of the technological advancements driving LB platforms is presented. Lastly, the paper highlights the current state of research in applying LBs to various vascular malformations, and uses the aforementioned principles and techniques to conceptualize a liquid biopsy framework that is unique to vascular malformation research and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Mansur
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, School of Graduate Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ivan Radovanovic
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Xie J, Hu B, Gong Y, He S, Lin J, Huang Q, Cheng J. A comparative study on ctDNA and tumor DNA mutations in lung cancer and benign cases with a high number of CTCs and CTECs. J Transl Med 2023; 21:873. [PMID: 38041139 PMCID: PMC10691057 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liquid biopsy provides a non-invasive approach that enables detecting circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using blood specimens and theoretically benefits early finding primary tumor or monitoring treatment response as well as tumor recurrence. Despite many studies on these novel biomarkers, their clinical relevance remains controversial. This study aims to investigate the correlation between ctDNA, CTCs, and circulating tumor-derived endothelial cells (CTECs) while also evaluating whether mutation profiling in ctDNA is consistent with that in tumor tissue from lung cancer patients. These findings will help the evaluation and utilization of these approaches in clinical practice. METHODS 104 participants (49 with lung cancer and 31 with benign lesions) underwent CTCs and CTECs detection using integrating subtraction enrichment and immunostaining-fluorescence in situ hybridization (SE-iFISH) strategy. The circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) concentration was measured and the mutational profiles of ctDNA were examined by Roche AVENIO ctDNA Expanded Kit (targeted total of 77 genes) by next generation sequencing (NGS) in 28 patients (20 with lung cancer and 8 with benign lesions) with highest numbers of CTCs and CTECs. Mutation validation in matched tumor tissue DNA was then performed in 9 patients with ctDNA mutations using a customized xGen pan-solid tumor kit (targeted total of 474 genes) by NGS. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of total number of CTCs and CTECs for the diagnosis of NSCLC were 67.3% and 77.6% [AUC (95%CI): 0.815 (0.722-0.907)], 83.9% and 77.4% [AUC (95%CI): 0.739 (0.618-0.860)]. The concentration of cfDNA in plasma was statistically correlated with the size of the primary tumor (r = 0.430, P = 0.022) and CYFRA 21-1 (r = 0.411, P = 0.041), but not with the numbers of CTCs and CTECs. In this study, mutations were found to be poorly consistent between ctDNA and tumor DNA (tDNA) in patients, even when numerous CTCs and CTECs were present. CONCLUSION Detection of CTCs and CTECs could be the potential adjunct tool for the early finding of lung cancer. The cfDNA levels are associated with the tumor burden, rather than the CTCs or CTECs counts. Moreover, the poorly consistent mutations between ctDNA and tDNA require further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhu Xie
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Binjie Hu
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Gong
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijia He
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin Cheng
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Islam MS, Gopalan V, Lam AK, Shiddiky MJA. Current advances in detecting genetic and epigenetic biomarkers of colorectal cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 239:115611. [PMID: 37619478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most common cancer in terms of diagnosis and the second in terms of mortality. Recent studies have shown that various proteins, extracellular vesicles (i.e., exosomes), specific genetic variants, gene transcripts, cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and altered epigenetic patterns, can be used to detect, and assess the prognosis of CRC. Over the last decade, a plethora of conventional methodologies (e.g., polymerase chain reaction [PCR], direct sequencing, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], microarray, in situ hybridization) as well as advanced analytical methodologies (e.g., microfluidics, electrochemical biosensors, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy [SERS]) have been developed for analyzing genetic and epigenetic biomarkers using both optical and non-optical tools. Despite these methodologies, no gold standard detection method has yet been implemented that can analyze CRC with high specificity and sensitivity in an inexpensive, simple, and time-efficient manner. Moreover, until now, no study has critically reviewed the advantages and limitations of these methodologies. Here, an overview of the most used genetic and epigenetic biomarkers for CRC and their detection methods are discussed. Furthermore, a summary of the major biological, technical, and clinical challenges and advantages/limitations of existing techniques is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sajedul Islam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
| | - Alfred K Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia; Pathology Queensland, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia.
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Isebia KT, Mostert B, Deger T, Kraan J, de Weerd V, Oomen‐de Hoop E, Hamberg P, Haberkorn BCM, Helgason HH, de Wit R, Mathijssen RHJ, Lolkema MP, Wilting SM, van Riet J, Martens JWM. mFast-SeqS-based aneuploidy score in circulating cell-free DNA is a prognostic biomarker in prostate cancer. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:1898-1907. [PMID: 37178439 PMCID: PMC10483599 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple prognostic biomarkers, including circulating tumour cell (CTC) counts, exist in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients, but none of them have been implemented into daily clinical care. The modified fast aneuploidy screening test-sequencing system (mFast-SeqS), which yields a genome-wide aneuploidy score, is able to reflect the fraction of cell-free tumour DNA (ctDNA) within cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and may be a promising biomarker in mCRPC. In this study, we investigated the prognostic value of dichotomized aneuploidy scores (< 5 vs. ≥ 5) as well as CTC counts (< 5 vs. ≥ 5) in 131 mCRPC patients prior to treatment with cabazitaxel. We validated our findings in an independent cohort of 50 similarly treated mCRPC patients. We observed that, similar to the dichotomized CTC count [HR: 2.92; 95% confidence interval (CI);1.84-4.62], dichotomized aneuploidy scores (HR: 3.24; CI: 2.12-4.94) significantly correlated with overall survival in mCRPC patients. We conclude that a dichotomized aneuploidy score from cfDNA is a prognostic marker for survival in mCRPC patients within our discovery cohort and in an independent mCRPC validation cohort. Therefore, this easy and robust minimally-invasive assay can be readily implemented as a prognostic marker in mCRPC. A dichotomized aneuploidy score might also be used as a stratification factor in clinical studies to account for tumour load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khrystany T. Isebia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteUniversity Medical Center RotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bianca Mostert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteUniversity Medical Center RotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Teoman Deger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteUniversity Medical Center RotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jaco Kraan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteUniversity Medical Center RotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Vanja de Weerd
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteUniversity Medical Center RotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Esther Oomen‐de Hoop
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteUniversity Medical Center RotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Paul Hamberg
- Department of Internal MedicineFranciscus Gasthuis & VlietlandRotterdam/SchiedamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Helgi H. Helgason
- Department of Medical OncologyHaaglanden Medical CentreThe HagueThe Netherlands
| | - Ronald de Wit
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteUniversity Medical Center RotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ron H. J. Mathijssen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteUniversity Medical Center RotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn P. Lolkema
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteUniversity Medical Center RotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Saskia M. Wilting
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteUniversity Medical Center RotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Job van Riet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteUniversity Medical Center RotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - John W. M. Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteUniversity Medical Center RotterdamThe Netherlands
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Ma Y, Zhang J, Tian Y, Fu Y, Tian S, Li Q, Yang J, Zhang L. Zwitterionic microgel preservation platform for circulating tumor cells in whole blood specimen. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4958. [PMID: 37587113 PMCID: PMC10432405 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40668-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The immediate processing of whole blood specimen is required in circulating tumor cell-based liquid biopsy. Reliable blood specimen stabilization towards preserving circulating tumor cells can enable more extensive geographic sharing for precise rare-cell technology, but remains challenging due to the fragility and rarity of circulating tumor cells. Herein, we establish a zwitterionic magnetic microgel platform to stabilize whole blood specimen for long-term hypothermic preservation of model circulating tumor cells. We show in a cohort study of 20 cancer patients that blood samples can be preserved for up to 7 days without compromising circulating tumor cell viability and RNA integrity, thereby doubling the viable preservation duration. We demonstrate that the 7-day microgel-preserved blood specimen is able to reliably detect cancer-specific transcripts, similar to fresh blood specimens, while there are up/down expression regulation of 1243 genes in model circulating tumor cells that are preserved by commercial protectant. Mechanistically, we find that the zwitterionic microgel assembly counters the cold-induced excessive reactive oxygen species and platelet activation, as well as extracellular matrix loss-induced cell anoikis, to prevent circulating tumor cell loss in the whole blood sample. The present work could prove useful for the development of blood-based noninvasive diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Ma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yunqing Tian
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yihao Fu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Shu Tian
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qingsi Li
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Noor J, Chaudhry A, Noor R, Batool S. Advancements and Applications of Liquid Biopsies in Oncology: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e42731. [PMID: 37654932 PMCID: PMC10466971 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), nearly 10 million people died from cancer worldwide in 2020, making it the leading cause of mortality. Liquid biopsies, which provide non-invasive and real-time monitoring of tumor dynamics, have evolved into innovative diagnostic techniques in the field of oncology. Liquid biopsies offer important insights into tumor heterogeneity, treatment response, minimum residual disease identification, and personalized treatment of cancer through the analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles, and microRNAs. They offer several advantages over traditional tissue biopsies, such as being less invasive, more convenient, more representative of tumor heterogeneity and dynamics, and more informative for guiding personalized treatment decisions. Liquid biopsies are being utilized increasingly in clinical oncology, particularly for patients with metastatic disease who require ongoing monitoring and treatment modification. In this narrative review article, we review the latest developments of liquid biopsy technologies, their applications and limitations, and their potential to transform diagnosis, prognosis, and management of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Noor
- Internal Medicine, St. Dominic Hospital, Jackson, USA
| | | | - Riwad Noor
- Medicine/Public Health, Nishtar Hospital, Multan, PAK
| | - Saima Batool
- Pathology, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, PAK
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Chen H, Osman SY, Moose DL, Vanneste M, Anderson JL, Henry MD, Anand RK. Quantification of capture efficiency, purity, and single-cell isolation in the recovery of circulating melanoma cells from peripheral blood by dielectrophoresis. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2586-2600. [PMID: 37185977 PMCID: PMC10228177 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a dielectrophoretic method for selection of circulating melanoma cells (CMCs), which lack reliable identifying surface antigens and are extremely rare in blood. This platform captures CMCs individually by dielectrophoresis (DEP) at an array of wireless bipolar electrodes (BPEs) aligned to overlying nanoliter-scale chambers, which isolate each cell for subsequent on-chip single-cell analysis. To determine the best conditions to employ for CMC isolation in this DEP-BPE platform, the static and dynamic dielectrophoretic response of established melanoma cell lines, melanoma cells from patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were evaluated as a function of frequency using two established DEP platforms. Further, PBMCs derived from patients with advanced melanoma were compared with those from healthy controls. The results of this evaluation reveal that each DEP method requires a distinct frequency to achieve capture of melanoma cells and that the distribution of dielectric properties of PBMCs is more broadly varied in and among patients versus healthy controls. Based on this evaluation, we conclude that 50 kHz provides the highest capture efficiency on our DEP-BPE platform while maintaining a low rate of capture of unwanted PBMCs. We further quantified the efficiency of single-cell capture on the DEP-BPE platform and found that the efficiency diminished beyond around 25% chamber occupancy, thereby informing the minimum array size that is required. Importantly, the capture efficiency of the DEP-BPE platform for melanoma cells when using optimized conditions matched the performance predicted by our analysis. Finally, isolation of melanoma cells from contrived (spike-in) and clinical samples on our platform using optimized conditions was demonstrated. The capture and individual isolation of CMCs, confirmed by post-capture labeling, from patient-derived samples suggests the potential of this platform for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Sommer Y Osman
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Devon L Moose
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Marion Vanneste
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Michael D Henry
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Pathology, Urology and Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Robbyn K Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
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11
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Kara N, Ayoub N, Ilgu H, Fotiadis D, Ilgu M. Aptamers Targeting Membrane Proteins for Sensor and Diagnostic Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093728. [PMID: 37175137 PMCID: PMC10180177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many biological processes (physiological or pathological) are relevant to membrane proteins (MPs), which account for almost 30% of the total of human proteins. As such, MPs can serve as predictive molecular biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Indeed, cell surface MPs are an important class of attractive targets of the currently prescribed therapeutic drugs and diagnostic molecules used in disease detection. The oligonucleotides known as aptamers can be selected against a particular target with high affinity and selectivity by iterative rounds of in vitro library evolution, known as Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential Enrichment (SELEX). As an alternative to antibodies, aptamers offer unique features like thermal stability, low-cost, reuse, ease of chemical modification, and compatibility with various detection techniques. Particularly, immobilized-aptamer sensing platforms have been under investigation for diagnostics and have demonstrated significant value compared to other analytical techniques. These "aptasensors" can be classified into several types based on their working principle, which are commonly electrochemical, optical, or mass-sensitive. In this review, we review the studies on aptamer-based MP-sensing technologies for diagnostic applications and have included new methodological variations undertaken in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Kara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Nooraldeen Ayoub
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Huseyin Ilgu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Fotiadis
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Muslum Ilgu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Aptalogic Inc., Ames, IA 50014, USA
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12
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Poellmann MJ, Bu J, Liu S, Wang AZ, Seyedin SN, Chandrasekharan C, Hong H, Kim Y, Caster JM, Hong S. Nanotechnology and machine learning enable circulating tumor cells as a reliable biomarker for radiotherapy responses of gastrointestinal cancer patients. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 226:115117. [PMID: 36753988 PMCID: PMC10034717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive, circulating tumor cell (CTC)-based liquid biopsy was used to monitor gastrointestinal cancer patients during treatment to determine if CTC abundance was predictive of disease recurrence. The approach used a combination of biomimetic cell rolling on recombinant E-selectin and dendrimer-mediated multivalent immunocapture at the nanoscale to purify CTCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Due to the exceptionally high numbers of CTCs captured, a machine learning algorithm approach was developed to efficiently and reliably quantify abundance of immunocytochemically-labeled cells. A convolutional neural network and logistic regression model achieved 82.9% true-positive identification of CTCs with a false positive rate below 0.1% on a validation set. The approach was then used to quantify CTC abundance in peripheral blood samples from 27 subjects before, during, and following treatments. Samples drawn from the patients either prior to receiving radiotherapy or early in chemotherapy had a median 50 CTC ml-1 whole blood (range 0.6-541.6). We found that the CTC counts drawn 3 months post treatment were predictive of disease progression (p = .045). This approach to quantifying CTC abundance may be a clinically impactful in the timely determination of gastrointestinal cancer progression or response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Poellmann
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Capio Biosciences, Inc., Madison, WI, 53719, USA and Capio Biosciences Korea, Incheon, 21983 South Korea
| | - Jiyoon Bu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Capio Biosciences, Inc., Madison, WI, 53719, USA and Capio Biosciences Korea, Incheon, 21983 South Korea; Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Stanley Liu
- Capio Biosciences, Inc., Madison, WI, 53719, USA and Capio Biosciences Korea, Incheon, 21983 South Korea
| | - Andrew Z Wang
- Capio Biosciences, Inc., Madison, WI, 53719, USA and Capio Biosciences Korea, Incheon, 21983 South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Steven N Seyedin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | | | - Heejoo Hong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Joseph M Caster
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Seungpyo Hong
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Capio Biosciences, Inc., Madison, WI, 53719, USA and Capio Biosciences Korea, Incheon, 21983 South Korea; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea; Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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13
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Mentink A, Isebia KT, Kraan J, Terstappen LWMM, Stevens M. Measuring antigen expression of cancer cell lines and circulating tumour cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6051. [PMID: 37055551 PMCID: PMC10101999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
When evaluating EpCAM-based enrichment technologies for circulating tumour cells (CTCs), the cell lines used should closely resemble real CTCs, meaning the EpCAM expression of CTCs needs to be known, but also the EpCAM expression of cell lines at different institutions and times is important. As the number of CTCs in the blood is low, we enriched CTCs through the depletion of leukocytes from diagnostic leukapheresis products of 13 prostate cancer patients and measured EpCAM expression using quantitative flow cytometry. Antigen expression was compared between multiple institutions by measuring cultures from each institution. Capture efficiency was also measured for one of the used cell lines. Results show CTCs derived from castration-sensitive prostate cancer patients have varying but relatively low EpCAM expression, with median expression per patient ranging from 35 to 89,534 (mean 24,993) molecules per cell. A large variation in the antigen expression of identical cell lines cultured at different institutions was found, resulting in recoveries when using the CellSearch system ranging from 12 up to 83% for the same cell line. We conclude that large differences in capture efficiency can occur while using the same cell line. To closely resemble real CTCs from castration-sensitive prostate cancer patients, a cell line with a relatively low EpCAM expression should be used, and its expression should be monitored frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Mentink
- Medical Cell Biophysics Group, Techmed Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Khrystany T Isebia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco Kraan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leon W M M Terstappen
- Medical Cell Biophysics Group, Techmed Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Stevens
- Medical Cell Biophysics Group, Techmed Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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14
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Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: From Diagnosis to Disease-Free Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061826. [PMID: 36980712 PMCID: PMC10046514 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) arising from different anatomical sites present with different incidences and characteristics, which requires a personalized treatment strategy. Despite the extensive research that has conducted on this malignancy, HNSCC still has a poor overall survival rate. Many attempts have been made to improve the outcomes, but one of the bottlenecks is thought to be the lack of an effective biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by various cells and participate in a great number of intercellular communications. Based on liquid biopsy, EV detection in several biofluids, such as blood, saliva, and urine, has been applied to identify the existence and progression of a variety of cancers. In HNSCC, tumor-derived EVs exhibit many functionalities by transporting diverse cargoes, which highlights their importance in tumor screening, the determination of multidisciplinary therapy, prediction of prognosis, and evaluation of therapeutic effects. This review illustrates the classification and formation of EV subtypes, the cargoes conveyed by these vesicles, and their respective functions in HNSCC cancer biology, and discloses their potential as biomarkers during the whole process of tumor diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.
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15
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Antmen E, Ermis M, Kuren O, Beksac K, Irkkan C, Hasirci V. Nuclear Deformability of Breast Cells Analyzed from Patients with Malignant and Benign Breast Diseases. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1629-1643. [PMID: 36706038 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous and dynamic disease, in which cancer cells are highly responsive to alterations in the microenvironment. Today, conventional methods of detecting cancer give a rather static image of the condition of the disease, so dynamic properties such as invasiveness and metastasis are difficult to capture. In this study, conventional molecular-level evaluations of the patients with breast adenocarcinoma were combined with in vitro methods on micropatterned poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) biomaterial surfaces that deform cells. A correlation between deformability of the nuclei and cancer stemness, invasiveness, and metastasis was sought. Clinical patient samples were from regions of the breast with different proximities to the tumor. Responses at the single-cell level toward the micropatterned surfaces were studied using CD44/24, epithelial cell adhesion marker (EpCAM), MUC1, and PCK. Results showed that molecular markers and shape descriptors can discriminate the cells from different proximities to the tumor center and from different patients. The cells with the most metastatic and invasive properties showed both the highest deformability and the highest level of metastatic markers. In conclusion, by using a combination of molecular markers together with nuclear deformation, it is possible to improve detection and separation of subpopulations in heterogenous breast cancer specimens at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Antmen
- BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU) Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara06800, Turkey
| | - Menekse Ermis
- BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU) Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara06800, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kuren
- BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU) Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara06800, Turkey
| | - Kemal Beksac
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara Oncology Hospital, Yenimahalle, Ankara06800, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Irkkan
- Department of Pathology, Ankara Oncology Hospital, Yenimahalle, Ankara06800, Turkey
| | - Vasif Hasirci
- BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU) Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara06800, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University (ACU), Istanbul34752, Turkey
- ACU Biomaterials Center, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University (ACU), Atasehir, Istanbul34752, Turkey
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16
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Bates M, Mohamed BM, Ward MP, Kelly TE, O'Connor R, Malone V, Brooks R, Brooks D, Selemidis S, Martin C, O'Toole S, O'Leary JJ. Circulating tumour cells: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188863. [PMID: 36796527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
This review is an overview of the current knowledge regarding circulating tumour cells (CTCs), which are potentially the most lethal type of cancer cell, and may be a key component of the metastatic cascade. The clinical utility of CTCs (the "Good"), includes their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential. Conversely, their complex biology (the "Bad"), including the existence of CD45+/EpCAM+ CTCs, adds insult to injury regarding their isolation and identification, which in turn hampers their clinical translation. CTCs are capable of forming microemboli composed of both non-discrete phenotypic populations such as mesenchymal CTCs and homotypic and heterotypic clusters which are poised to interact with other cells in the circulation, including immune cells and platelets, which may increase their malignant potential. These microemboli (the "Ugly") represent a prognostically important CTC subset, however, phenotypic EMT/MET gradients bring additional complexities to an already challenging situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bates
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Bashir M Mohamed
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Mark P Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Tanya E Kelly
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Roisin O'Connor
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland; Department of Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Victoria Malone
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland; Department of Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Robert Brooks
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Doug Brooks
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland; Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Cara Martin
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland; Department of Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Sharon O'Toole
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland; Department of Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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17
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The mesenchymal circulating tumor cells as biomarker for prognosis prediction and supervision in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-022-04526-9. [PMID: 36633681 PMCID: PMC10356895 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of death worldwide. Accurate prognosis prediction tools are urgently needed. While the use of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as prognostic prediction tool has a clear potential. METHODS We established a comprehensive, negative enrichment-based strategy for CTCs analysis in patients with HCC, involving identification of epithelial CTCs (E-CTCs) and mesenchymal CTCs (M-CTCs) through specific biomarker. This strategy was performed in 127 HCC cases, 21 nonmalignant liver disease (NMLD) patients and 42 health control to analyze the relevance between CTCs and tumor recurrence. RESULTS The total CTC number and M-CTC percent were positively correlated with tumor malignancy and high recurrence risk. Individually, preoperative total CTC number and M-CTC percent could robustly distinguish relapse cases from those with no relapse, with sensitivity of 80.95% and 90.48%, specificity of 74.12% and 84.71%, respectively. Levels of preoperative total CTC number and M-CTC percent can both be regarded as independent risk factors for HCC with early recurrence (P = 0.0053, P < 0.0001), and are both significantly correlated with worse recurrence-free survival (RFS) (log rank P < 0.0001; HR 7.78, 95% CI = 3.59-16.87; log rank P < 0.0001; HR 24.4, 95% CI = 8.67-68.77). The levels of total CTC number and M-CTC number had higher effectiveness than alpha fetal protein (AFP) in HCC longitudinal supervision (77.78% vs 88.89% vs 22.22%). CONCLUSION Preoperative and postoperative CTCs with higher effectiveness than AFP in prognosis prediction and recurrence supervision, indicating that CTCs could work as the biomarker for HCC clinical management.
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18
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Zhou Q, Liu X, Li J, Tong B, Xu Y, Chen M, Liu X, Gao X, Shi Y, Zhao J, Zhong W, Wang M. Circulating tumor cells PD-L1 expression detection and correlation of therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:470-478. [PMID: 36630992 PMCID: PMC9925337 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated whether programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood can serve as a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy efficacy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS We employed a negative enrichment method to isolate CTCs. We identified PD-L1 + CTCs as PD-L1+/4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)+/CD45-circulating tumor cells through an immunofluorescence method. Tumor tissue PD-L1 expression was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The correlation between CTC PD-L1 expression and patients' prognostic features was estimated through the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS CTCs released a higher detection rate of PD-L1 expression than tumor tissues (53.0% vs. 42.1%). No correlation was observed between them. Forty-nine NSCLC patients received anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy (three with combined anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), two with four cycles of combined immune checkpoint inhibitors [ICIs] plus chemotherapy and ICI monotherapy for maintenance). Patients with PD-L1 expression on tissue or CTCs had a median progression-free survival (mPFS) of 5.6 months (n = 36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.6-7.5 months), significantly longer than those without PD-L1 detection (n = 9, mPFS of 1.4 months, 95% CI 1.3-1.5 months, log-rank p = 0.032). The multivariable Cox proportional-hazard model suggested that the tissue or CTC PD-L1 expression was associated with a lower risk of progression (hazard ratio 0.45, 95% CI 0.21-0.98, p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS CTCs and tumor tissues reveal heterogeneous expression of PD-L1 in NSCLC patients. Patients with baseline PD-L1 expression on CTCs or tissue showed prolonged mPFS and may help to identify the subsets of patients who potentially benefit from immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Department of Respiratory MedicinePeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiangning Liu
- Department of Respiratory MedicinePeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ji Li
- Department of PathologyPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Bing Tong
- Department of Respiratory MedicinePeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Respiratory MedicinePeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Minjiang Chen
- Department of Respiratory MedicinePeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Respiratory MedicinePeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoxing Gao
- Department of Respiratory MedicinePeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yuequan Shi
- Department of Respiratory MedicinePeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Respiratory MedicinePeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Respiratory MedicinePeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Mengzhao Wang
- Department of Respiratory MedicinePeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
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19
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Poonia S, Goel A, Chawla S, Bhattacharya N, Rai P, Lee YF, Yap YS, West J, Bhagat AA, Tayal J, Mehta A, Ahuja G, Majumdar A, Ramalingam N, Sengupta D. Marker-free characterization of full-length transcriptomes of single live circulating tumor cells. Genome Res 2023; 33:80-95. [PMID: 36414416 PMCID: PMC9977151 DOI: 10.1101/gr.276600.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The identification and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are important for gaining insights into the biology of metastatic cancers, monitoring disease progression, and medical management of the disease. The limiting factor in the enrichment of purified CTC populations is their sparse availability, heterogeneity, and altered phenotypes relative to the primary tumor. Intensive research both at the technical and molecular fronts led to the development of assays that ease CTC detection and identification from peripheral blood. Most CTC detection methods based on single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) use a mix of size selection, marker-based white blood cell (WBC) depletion, and antibodies targeting tumor-associated antigens. However, the majority of these methods either miss out on atypical CTCs or suffer from WBC contamination. We present unCTC, an R package for unbiased identification and characterization of CTCs from single-cell transcriptomic data. unCTC features many standard and novel computational and statistical modules for various analyses. These include a novel method of scRNA-seq clustering, named deep dictionary learning using k-means clustering cost (DDLK), expression-based copy number variation (CNV) inference, and combinatorial, marker-based verification of the malignant phenotypes. DDLK enables robust segregation of CTCs and WBCs in the pathway space, as opposed to the gene expression space. We validated the utility of unCTC on scRNA-seq profiles of breast CTCs from six patients, captured and profiled using an integrated ClearCell FX and Polaris workflow that works by the principles of size-based separation of CTCs and marker-based WBC depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Poonia
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology-Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Anurag Goel
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology-Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), New Delhi 110020, India;,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi 110042, India
| | - Smriti Chawla
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology-Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Namrata Bhattacharya
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology-Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Priyadarshini Rai
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology-Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Yi Fang Lee
- Biolidics Limited, Singapore 118257, Singapore
| | - Yoon Sim Yap
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Jay West
- Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | | | - Juhi Tayal
- Department of Research, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre-Delhi (RGCIRC-Delhi), New Delhi 110085, India
| | - Anurag Mehta
- Department of Laboratory Services and Molecular Diagnostics, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre-Delhi (RGCIRC-Delhi), New Delhi 110085, India
| | - Gaurav Ahuja
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology-Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Angshul Majumdar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology-Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), New Delhi 110020, India;,Centre for Artificial Intelligence, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology-Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), New Delhi 110020, India;,Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology-Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), New Delhi 110020, India
| | | | - Debarka Sengupta
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology-Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), New Delhi 110020, India;,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology-Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), New Delhi 110020, India;,Centre for Artificial Intelligence, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology-Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), New Delhi 110020, India
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20
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Comparative application of microfluidic systems in circulating tumor cells and extracellular vesicles isolation; a review. Biomed Microdevices 2022; 25:4. [PMID: 36574057 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-022-00644-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a prevalent cause of mortality globally, where early diagnosis leads to a reduced death rate. Many researchers' common strategies are based on personalized diagnostic methods with rapid response and high accuracy. This technology was developed by applying liquid biopsy instead of tissue biopsies in the case of tumor cell analysis that facilitates point-of-care testing for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In recent years, significant progress in microfluidic technology led to the successful isolation, analysis, and monitoring of cancer biomarkers in body liquid biopsy with merits like high sensitivity and flexibility, low sample usage, cost effective, and the ability of automation. The most critical and informative markers in body liquid refer to circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and extracellular vesicles derived from tumors (EVs) that carry various biomarkers in their structure (DNAs, proteins, and RNAs) as compared to ctDNA. The released ctDNA has a low half-life and decreased sensitivity due to large amounts of nucleic acid in serum. This review intends to highlight different cancer screening tests with a particular focus on the details regarding the only FDA-approved and awaiting technologies for FDA clearance to isolate CTCs and EVs based on microfluidics systems.
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21
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Tretyakova MS, Menyailo ME, Schegoleva AA, Bokova UA, Larionova IV, Denisov EV. Technologies for Viable Circulating Tumor Cell Isolation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415979. [PMID: 36555625 PMCID: PMC9788311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of tumor cells throughout the body by traveling through the bloodstream is a critical step in metastasis, which continues to be the main cause of cancer-related death. The detection and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is important for understanding the biology of metastasis and the development of antimetastatic therapy. However, the isolation of CTCs is challenging due to their high heterogeneity and low representation in the bloodstream. Different isolation methods have been suggested, but most of them lead to CTC damage. However, viable CTCs are an effective source for developing preclinical models to perform drug screening and model the metastatic cascade. In this review, we summarize the available literature on methods for isolating viable CTCs based on different properties of cells. Particular attention is paid to the importance of in vitro and in vivo models obtained from CTCs. Finally, we emphasize the current limitations in CTC isolation and suggest potential solutions to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S. Tretyakova
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Maxim E. Menyailo
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia
- Single Cell Biology Laboratory, Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Schegoleva
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia
- Single Cell Biology Laboratory, Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ustinia A. Bokova
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Irina V. Larionova
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny V. Denisov
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia
- Single Cell Biology Laboratory, Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +7-3822-282676 (ext. 3375)
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22
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Wankhede D, Grover S, Hofman P. Circulating Tumor Cells as a Predictive Biomarker in Resectable Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246112. [PMID: 36551601 PMCID: PMC9776809 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In breast, prostate, and other epithelial tumors, circulating tumor cells (CTC) in peripheral blood may predict survival. Our study evaluated the prognostic significance of baseline and postoperative CTC in patients with early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through a meta-analytic approach. Methods: Prospective studies comparing survival outcomes between positive (CTC+) and negative CTC (CTC−) patients were systematically searched. Primary outcomes were overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) with hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as the effect measure. Pooled HR determined the prognostic role under a fixed-effect or random-effect model depending on heterogeneity. Results: Eighteen studies with 1321 patients were eligible. CTC+ patients were associated with an increased risk of death (HR 3.53, 95% CI 2.51−4.95; p < 0.00001) and relapse (HR 2.97, 95% CI 2.08−4.22; p < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis results were consistent in different subsets, including time points (baseline and postoperative) and sources (peripheral and pulmonary vein) of blood collection, detection methods (label-free, label-dependent, and RT-PCR), and follow-up duration. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis revealed that CTC is a promising predictive biomarker for stratifying survival outcomes in patients with early-stage NSCLC. However, future studies are required to validate these findings and standardize detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Wankhede
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Center for Human Genetics, Universitatsklinikum Giessen und Marburg—Standort Marburg, 35055 Marburg, Germany
| | - Paul Hofman
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, CHU Nice, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France
- Team 4, IRCAN, UMR 7284/U10181, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, 06107 Nice, France
- Hospital-Integrated Biobank (BB-0033-00025), CHU Nice, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France
- European Liquid Biopsy Society, Martinistrasse 52 Building N27 Room 4.003, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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23
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Impact of buffer composition on biochemical, morphological and mechanical parameters: A tare before dielectrophoretic cell separation and isolation. Transl Oncol 2022; 28:101599. [PMID: 36516639 PMCID: PMC9764254 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) represents an electrokinetic approach for discriminating and separating suspended cells based on their intrinsic dielectric characteristics without the need for labeling procedure. A good practice, beyond the physical and engineering components, is the selection of a buffer that does not hinder cellular and biochemical parameters as well as cell recovery. In the present work the impact of four buffers on biochemical, morphological, and mechanical parameters was evaluated in two different cancer cell lines (Caco-2 and K562). Specifically, MTT ([3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide]) assay along with flow cytometry analysis were used to evaluate the occurring changes in terms of cell viability, morphology, and granulocyte stress formation, all factors directly influencing DEP sorting capability. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was instead employed to evaluate the gene expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), two well-known markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, respectively. An additional marker representing an index of cellular metabolic status, i.e. the expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene, was also evaluated. Among the four buffers considered, two resulted satisfactory in terms of cell viability and growth recovery (24 h), with no significant changes in cell morphology for up to 1 h in suspension. Of note, gene expression analysis showed that in both cell lines the apparently non-cytotoxic buffers significantly modulated IL-6, iNOS, and GAPDH markers, underlining the importance to deeply investigate the molecular and biochemical changes occurring during the analysis, even at apparently non-toxic conditions. The selection of a useful buffer for the separation and analysis of cells without labeling procedures, preserving cell status, represents a key factor for DEP analysis, giving the opportunity to further use cells for additional analysis.
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24
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Shirai K, Guan G, Meihui T, Xiaoling P, Oka Y, Takahashi Y, Bhagat AAS, Yanagida M, Iwanaga S, Matsubara N, Mukohara T, Yoshida T. Hybrid double-spiral microfluidic chip for RBC-lysis-free enrichment of rare cells from whole blood. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4418-4429. [PMID: 36305222 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00713d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drug selection and treatment monitoring via minimally invasive liquid biopsy using circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are expected to be realized in the near future. For clinical applications of CTCs, simple, high-throughput, single-step CTC isolation from whole blood without red blood cell (RBC) lysis and centrifugation remains a crucial challenge. In this study, we developed a novel cancer cell separation chip, "hybrid double-spiral chip", that involves the serial combination of two different Dean flow fractionation (DFF) separation modes of half and full Dean cycles, which is the hybrid DFF separation mode for ultra-high-throughput blood processing at high precision and size-resolution separation. The chip allows fast processing of 5 mL whole blood within 30 min without RBC lysis and centrifugation. RBC and white blood cell (WBC) depletion rates of over 99.9% and 99%, respectively, were achieved. The average recovery rate of spiked A549 cancer cells was 87% with as low as 200 cells in 5 mL blood. The device can achieve serial reduction in the number of cells from approximately 1010 cells of whole blood to 108 cells, and subsequently to an order of 106 cells. The developed method can be combined with measurements of all recovered cells using imaging flow cytometry. As proof of concept, CTCs were successfully enriched and enumerated from the blood of metastatic breast cancer patients (N = 10, 1-69 CTCs per 5 mL) and metastatic prostate cancer patients (N = 10, 1-39 CTCs per 5 mL). We believe that the developed method will be beneficial for automated clinical analysis of rare CTCs from whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Shirai
- Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4, Takatsuka-dai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Guofeng Guan
- Biolidics Limited, 37 Jalan Pemimpin, 577177 Singapore
| | - Tan Meihui
- Biolidics Limited, 37 Jalan Pemimpin, 577177 Singapore
| | - Peng Xiaoling
- Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4, Takatsuka-dai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Yuma Oka
- Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4, Takatsuka-dai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4, Takatsuka-dai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
| | | | | | - Shigeki Iwanaga
- Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4, Takatsuka-dai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Nobuaki Matsubara
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Toru Mukohara
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yoshida
- Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4, Takatsuka-dai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
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25
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Kobayashi S, Sugasaki A, Yamamoto Y, Shigenoi Y, Udaka A, Yamamoto A, Tanaka M. Enrichment of Cancer Cells Based on Antibody-Free Selective Cell Adhesion. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4547-4556. [PMID: 36153975 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Blood-compatible and cell-adhering polymer materials are extremely useful for regenerative medicine and disease diagnosis. (Meth)acryl polymers with high hydrophilicity have been widely used in industries, and attempts to apply these polymers in the medical field are frequently reported. We focused on crosslinked polymer films prepared using bifunctional monomers, which are widely used as coating materials, and attempted to alter the cell adhesion behavior while maintaining blood compatibility by changing the chemical structure of the crosslinker. Four bifunctional monomers were studied, three of which were found to be blood-compatible polymers and to suppress platelet adhesion. The adhesion behavior of cancer cells to polymer films varied; moreover, the cancer model cells MCF-7 [EpCAM(+)] and MDA-MB-231 [EpCAM (-)], with different expression levels of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), showed distinct adhesion behavior for each material. We suggest that a combination of these materials has the potential to selectively capture and enrich highly metastatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kobayashi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugasaki
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratories, FUJIFILM Corporation, 4000 Kawashiri, Yoshida-cho, Haibara-gun, Shizuoka421-0396, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamamoto
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratories, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa258-0022, Japan
| | - Yuta Shigenoi
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratories, FUJIFILM Corporation, 4000 Kawashiri, Yoshida-cho, Haibara-gun, Shizuoka421-0396, Japan
| | - Airi Udaka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan
| | - Aki Yamamoto
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan
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26
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Bayareh M. Active cell capturing for organ-on-a-chip systems: a review. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2022; 67:443-459. [PMID: 36062551 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2022-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) is an emerging technology that has been proposed as a new powerful cell-based tool to imitate the pathophysiological environment of human organs. For most OOC systems, a pivotal step is to culture cells in microfluidic devices. In active cell capturing techniques, external actuators, such as electrokinetic, magnetic, acoustic, and optical forces, or a combination of these forces, can be applied to trap cells after ejecting cell suspension into the microchannel inlet. This review paper distinguishes the characteristics of biomaterials and evaluates microfluidic technology. Besides, various types of OOC and their fabrication techniques are reported and various active cell capture microstructures are analyzed. Furthermore, their constraints, challenges, and future perspectives are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Bayareh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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27
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Circulating tumor cell isolation for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104237. [PMID: 36041264 PMCID: PMC9440384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that shed from the primary tumor and intravasate into the peripheral blood circulation system responsible for metastasis. Sensitive detection of CTCs from clinical samples can serve as an effective tool in cancer diagnosis and prognosis through liquid biopsy. Current CTC detection technologies mainly reply on the biomarker-mediated platforms including magnetic beads, microfluidic chips or size-sensitive microfiltration which can compromise detection sensitivity due to tumor heterogeneity. A more sensitive, biomarker independent CTCs isolation technique has been recently developed with the surface-charged superparamagnetic nanoprobe capable of different EMT subpopulation CTC capture from 1 mL clinical blood. In this review, this new strategy is compared with the conventional techniques on biomarker specificity, impact of protein corona, effect of glycolysis on cell surface charge, and accurate CTC identification. Correlations between CTC enumeration and molecular profiling in clinical blood and cancer prognosis are provided for clinical cancer management.
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28
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Çağlayan Arslan Z, Demircan Yalçın Y, Külah H. Label-free enrichment of MCF7 breast cancer cells from leukocytes using continuous flow dielectrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1531-1544. [PMID: 35318696 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) present in the bloodstream are strongly linked to the invasive behavior of cancer; therefore, their detection holds great significance for monitoring disease progression. Currently available CTC isolation tools are often based on tumor-specific antigen or cell size approaches. However, these techniques are limited due to the lack of a unique and universal marker for CTCs, and the overlapping size between CTCs and regular blood cells. Dielectrophoresis (DEP), governed by the intrinsic dielectric properties of the particles, is a promising marker-free, accurate, fast, and low-cost technique that enables the isolation of CTCs from blood cells. This study presents a continuous flow, antibody-free DEP-based microfluidic device to concentrate MCF7 breast cancer cells, a well-established CTC model, in the presence of leukocytes extracted from human blood samples. The enrichment strategy was determined according to the DEP responses of the corresponding cells, obtained in our previously reported DEP spectrum study. It was based on the positive-DEP integrated with hydrodynamic focusing under continuous flow. In the proposed device, the parylene microchannel with two inlets and outlets was built on top of rectangular and equally spaced isolated planar electrodes rotated certain degree relative to the main flow (13°). The recovery of MCF7 cells mixed with leukocytes was 74%-98% at a frequency of 1 MHz and a magnitude of 10-12 Vpp . Overall, the results revealed that the presented system successfully concentrates MCF7 cancer cells from leukocytes, ultimately verifying our DEP spectrum study, in which the enrichment frequency and separation strategy of the microfluidic system were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Çağlayan Arslan
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey.,METU MEMS Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Demircan Yalçın
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haluk Külah
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey.,METU MEMS Center, Ankara, Turkey
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29
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Kapeleris J, Müller Bark J, Ranjit S, Irwin D, Hartel G, Warkiani ME, Leo P, O'Leary C, Ladwa R, O'Byrne K, Hughes BGM, Punyadeera C. Prognostic value of integrating circulating tumour cells and cell-free DNA in non-small cell lung cancer. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09971. [PMID: 35874074 PMCID: PMC9305346 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) often presents at an incurable stage, and majority of patients will be considered for palliative treatment at some point in their disease. Despite recent advances, the prognosis remains poor, with a median overall survival of 12–18 months. Liquid biopsy-based biomarkers have emerged as potential candidates for predicting prognosis and response to therapy in NSCLC patients. This pilot study evaluated whether combining circulating tumour cells and clusters (CTCs) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) can predict progression-free survival (PFS) in NSCLC patients. Methods CTC and cfDNA/ctDNA from advanced stage NSCLC patients were measured at study entry (T0) and 3-months post-treatment (T1). CTCs were enriched using a spiral microfluidic chip and characterised by immunofluorescence. ctDNA was assessed using an UltraSEEK® Lung Panel. Kaplan-Meier plots were generated to investigate the contribution of the presence of CTC/CTC clusters and cfDNA for PFS. Cox proportional hazards analysis compared time to progression versus CTC/CTC cluster counts and cfDNA levels. Results Single CTCs were found in 14 out of 25 patients, while CTC clusters were found in 8 out of the 25 patients at T0. At T1, CTCs were found in 7 out of 18 patients, and CTC clusters in 1 out of the 18 patients. At T0, CTC presence and the combination of CTC cluster counts with cfDNA levels were associated with shorter PFS, p = 0.0261, p = 0.0022, respectively. Conclusions Combining CTC cluster counts and cfDNA levels could improve PFS assessment in NSCLC patients. Our results encourage further investigation on the combined effect of CTC/cfDNA as a prognostic biomarker in a large cohort of advanced stage NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kapeleris
- Queensland University of Technology, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Juliana Müller Bark
- Queensland University of Technology, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia.,Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shanon Ranjit
- Queensland University of Technology, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Darryl Irwin
- Agena Biosciences, Bowen Hills, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gunter Hartel
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Ultimo NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Leo
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia.,Australian Translational Genomics Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Connor O'Leary
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rahul Ladwa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kenneth O'Byrne
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brett G M Hughes
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia.,Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold-Coast, Australia
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30
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Sierra-Agudelo J, Rodriguez-Trujillo R, Samitier J. Microfluidics for the Isolation and Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1379:389-412. [PMID: 35761001 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, liquid biopsy represents one of the most promising techniques for early diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy screening of cancer. This novel methodology includes, among other techniques, the isolation, capture, and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Nonetheless, the identification of CTC from whole blood is challenging due to their extremely low concentration (1-100 per ml of whole blood), and traditional methods result insufficient in terms of purity, recovery, throughput and/or viability of the processed sample. In this context, the development of microfluidic devices for detecting and isolating CTCs offers a wide range of new opportunities due to their excellent properties for cell manipulation and the advantages to integrate and bring different laboratory processes into the microscale improving the sensitivity, portability, reducing cost and time. This chapter explores current and recent microfluidic approaches that have been developed for the analysis and detection of CTCs, which involve cell capture methods based on affinity binding and label-free methods and detection based on electrical, chemical, and optical sensors. All the exposed technologies seek to overcome the limitations of commercial systems for the analysis and isolation of CTCs, as well as to provide extended analysis that will allow the development of novel and more efficient diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Sierra-Agudelo
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romen Rodriguez-Trujillo
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Josep Samitier
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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31
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Nasiłowska B, Bogdanowicz Z, Kasprzycka W, Bombalska A, Mierczyk Z. Studies on the Effect of Graphene Oxide Deposited on Gold and Nickel Microsieves on Prostate Cancer Cells DU 145. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126567. [PMID: 35743008 PMCID: PMC9224325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This work shows the effect of graphene oxide deposition on microsieves’ surfaces of gold and nickel foils, on DU 145 tumor cells of the prostate gland. The sieves were made by a laser ablation process. The graphene oxide (GO) deposition process was characterized by the complete covering of the inner edges of the microholes and the flat surface between the holes with GO. Electron microscanning studies have shown that due to the deposition method applied, graphene oxide flakes line the interior of the microholes, reducing the unevenness of the downstream surfaces during the laser ablation process. The presence of graphene oxide was confirmed by Fourier infrared spectroscopy. During the screening (sieving) process, the microsieves were placed in a sieve column. Gold foil is proven to be a very good material for the screening of cancer cells, but even more so after screening as a substrate for re-culture of the DU 145. This allows a potential recovery of the cells and the development of a targeted therapy. The sieved cells were successfully grown on the microsieves used in the experiment. Graphene oxide remaining on the surface of the nickel sieve has been observed to increase the sieving effect. Although graphene oxide improved separation efficiency by 9.7%, the nickel substrate is not suitable for re-culturing of the Du 145 cells and the development of a targeted therapy compared to the gold one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nasiłowska
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, gen. S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.B.); (Z.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zdzisław Bogdanowicz
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, gen. S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Wiktoria Kasprzycka
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, gen. S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.B.); (Z.M.)
| | - Aneta Bombalska
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, gen. S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.B.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zygmunt Mierczyk
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, gen. S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.B.); (Z.M.)
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32
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Hu B, Gong Y, Wang Y, Xie J, Cheng J, Huang Q. Comprehensive Atlas of Circulating Rare Cells Detected by SE-iFISH and Image Scanning Platform in Patients With Various Diseases. Front Oncol 2022; 12:821454. [PMID: 35311070 PMCID: PMC8924462 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.821454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Circulating rare cells (CRCs) are known as a crucial nucleated cellular response to pathological conditions, yet the landscape of cell types across a wide variety of diseases lacks comprehensive understanding. This study aimed at detecting and presenting a full spectrum of highly heterogeneous CRCs in clinical practice and further explored the characterization of CRC subtypes in distinct biomarker combinations and aneuploid chromosomes among various disease groups. Methods Peripheral blood was obtained from 2,360 patients with different cancers and non-neoplastic diseases. CRC capture and identification were accomplished using a novel platform integrating subtraction enrichment and immunostaining-fluorescence in situ hybridization (SE-iFISH) strategy with a high-throughput automated image scanning system, on which hemocyte, tumor, epithelial, endothelial, mesenchymal, and stemness biomarkers were immunostained and displayed simultaneously. Double chromosome enumeration probe (CEP8 and CEP12) co-detection was performed on isolated CRCs from an extended trial for two chromosome ploidy patterns. Results A comprehensive atlas categorizing the diverse CRCs into 71 subtypes outlining was mapped out. The presence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) or endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), the cells with progenitor property, hematologic CRCs expressing multiple biomarkers, CRCs at "naked nuclei" status, and the rarely reported aneuploid mesenchymal epithelial-endothelial fusion cluster were described. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were detected in 2,157 (91.4%) patients; the total numbers of CTCs and circulating tumor-derived endothelial cells (CTECs) were relatively higher in several digestive system cancer types and non-neoplastic infectious diseases (p < 0.05). Co-detection combining CEP8 and CEP12 showed a higher diagnostic specificity on account of 57.27% false negativity of CRC detection through a single probe of CEP8. Conclusions The alternative biomarkers and chromosomes to be targeted by SE-iFISH and the image scanning platform, along with the comprehensive atlas, offer insight into the heterogeneity of CRCs and reveal potential contributions to specific disease diagnosis and therapeutic target cell discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binjie Hu
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Gong
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzhu Xie
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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He W, Wang Q, Tian X, Pan G. Recapitulating dynamic ECM ligand presentation at biomaterial interfaces: Molecular strategies and biomedical prospects. EXPLORATION 2022; 2:20210093. [PMCID: PMC10191035 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo He
- Institute for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang P. R. China
| | - Qinghe Wang
- Institute for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Tian
- Institute for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- Institute for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang P. R. China
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Topa J, Grešner P, Żaczek AJ, Markiewicz A. Breast cancer circulating tumor cells with mesenchymal features-an unreachable target? Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:81. [PMID: 35048186 PMCID: PMC8770434 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) mediate dissemination of solid tumors and can be an early sign of disease progression. Moreover, they show a great potential in terms of non-invasive, longitudinal monitoring of cancer patients. CTCs have been extensively studied in breast cancer (BC) and were shown to present a significant phenotypic plasticity connected with initiation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Apart from conferring malignant properties, EMT affects CTCs recovery rate, making a significant portion of CTCs from patients’ samples undetected. Wider application of methods and markers designed to isolate and identify mesenchymal CTCs is required to expand our knowledge about the clinical impact of mesenchymal CTCs. Therefore, here we provide a comprehensive review of clinical significance of mesenchymal CTCs in BC together with statistical analysis of previously published data, in which we assessed the suitability of a number of methods/markers used for isolation of CTCs with different EMT phenotypes, both in in vitro spike-in tests with BC cell lines, as well as clinical samples. Results of spiked-in cell lines indicate that, in general, methods not based on epithelial enrichment only, capture mesenchymal CTCs much more efficiently that CellSearch® (golden standard in CTCs detection), but at the same time are not much inferior to Cell Search®, though large variation in recovery rates of added cells among the methods is observed. In clinical samples, where additional CTCs detection markers are needed, positive epithelial-based CTCs enrichment was the most efficient in isolating CTCs with mesenchymal features from non-metastatic BC patients. From the marker side, PI3K and VIM were contributing the most to detection of CTCs with mesenchymal features (in comparison to SNAIL) in non-metastatic and metastatic BC patients, respectively. However, additional data are needed for more robust identification of markers for efficient detection of CTCs with mesenchymal features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Topa
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Peter Grešner
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna J Żaczek
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Markiewicz
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
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Chelakkot C, Yang H, Shin YK. Relevance of Circulating Tumor Cells as Predictive Markers for Cancer Incidence and Relapse. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:75. [PMID: 35056131 PMCID: PMC8781286 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Shedding of cancer cells from the primary site or undetectable bone marrow region into the circulatory system, resulting in clinically overt metastasis or dissemination, is the hallmark of unfavorable invasive cancers. The shed cells remain in circulation until they extravasate to form a secondary metastatic lesion or undergo anoikis. The circulating tumor cells (CTCs) found as single cells or clusters carry a plethora of information, are acknowledged as potential biomarkers for predicting cancer prognosis and cancer progression, and are supposed to play key roles in determining tailored therapies for advanced diseases. With the advent of novel technologies that allow the precise isolation of CTCs, more and more clinical trials are focusing on the prognostic and predictive potential of CTCs. In this review, we summarize the role of CTCs as a predictive marker for cancer incidence, relapse, and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaithanya Chelakkot
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
- Genobio Corp., Seoul 08394, Korea
| | - Hobin Yang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
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Chícharo A, Caetano DM, Cardoso S, Freitas P. Evolution in Automatized Detection of Cells: Advances in Magnetic Microcytometers for Cancer Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1379:413-444. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Danila DC. Liquid biopsy as a cancer biomarker-potential, and challenges. Cancer Biomark 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824302-2.00013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Žvirblytė J, Mažutis L. Microfluidics for Cancer Biomarker Discovery, Research, and Clinical Application. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1379:499-524. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Xie J, Ruan Z, Zheng J, Gong Y, Wang Y, Hu B, Cheng J, Huang Q. Detection of circulating rare cells benefitted the diagnosis of malignant solitary pulmonary nodules. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 148:2681-2692. [PMID: 34791530 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03852-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) are challenging in differentiating between benignancy and malignancy. Therefore, more effective non-invasive biomarkers are urgently needed. The purpose of this investigation was to examine whether circulating rare cells (CRCs) could facilitate the differentiation between benign and malignant SPNs as well as its sensitivity and specificity. METHODS 164 patients diagnosed with SPNs, 24 healthy volunteers, and 25 patients diagnosed with advanced-stage lung cancer were included. CT/PET-CT images, serum tumor markers, and biopsy results were collected. The CRCs were examined using subtraction enrichment and immunostaining-fluorescence in situ hybridization (SE-iFISH) and their relationship with malignant or benign SPNs was analyzed. RESULTS The total CRC numbers from patients with malignant SPNs diagnosed by biopsy were significantly greater compared to those with benign SPNs (P < 0.0001), but not significantly different from patients with advanced lung cancer (P > 0.05). The total CRCs, with a cut-off value of 21.5 units, showed 67.6% sensitivity and 73.3% specificity [area under curve (AUC) 95% CI, 0.778 (0.666-0.889)] in discriminating benign and malignant SPNs and the triploid CRCs exhibited a high positive likelihood ratio of 8.4, which suggested that CRCs appeared to have a distinct advantage in discriminating benign and malignant SPNs compared to CT/PET-CT images and serum tumor markers and could be a potential screening indicator for lung cancer in the high-risk population. CONCLUSIONS SE-iFISH could effectively detect CRCs including circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor-derived endothelial cells (CTECs) and the detection of CRCs could benefit the differentiation of patients with benign and malignant SPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhu Xie
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Ruan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Gong
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Binjie Hu
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qian Huang
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Huang M, Ma Y, Lv C, Li S, Lu F, Zhang S, Wang DD, Lin PP, Yang Y. Aneuploid Circulating Tumor Cells as a Predictor of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:6609-6620. [PMID: 34703281 PMCID: PMC8523810 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s330361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the potential application of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in predicting the therapeutic effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Using integrated subtraction enrichment and immunostaining-fluorescence in situ hybridization, the serial CTCs of patients with NSCLC were detected in 7.5 mL of blood at baseline and after two cycles of cisplatin-based NAC, and all aneuploidies of chromosome 8 were examined in the enriched CTCs. Tumor responses were evaluated radiologically with serial chest computed tomography (CT) using the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors and microscopically using the tumor cell necrosis rate (TCNR) of the resected specimen after NAC. Results After two cycles of cisplatin-based NAC, 89% (8/9) of the patients with radiological partial response to NAC had reduced CTC numbers, while 73% (8/11) of the patients with stable disease exhibited increased CTC numbers (P = 0.0098). On pathological examination, 90% (9/10) of patients with a TCNR lower than 30% had >1 CTC post-NAC, while 80% (4/5) of patients with a TCNR higher than 30% had ≤1 CTC post-NAC (P = 0.017). In aneuploidy analysis, the positive rate (CTC > 0) of triploid CTCs was found to have increased after NAC, in contrast with the tetraploid and multiploid CTCs. Furthermore, tetraploid and multiploid CTCs were found to be significantly downregulated in the patients with partial response to NAC. Conclusion The correlations of aneuploid CTCs with both radiological and pathological responses in patients with NSCLC who received NAC were summarized, and the findings indicate that enumerating and karyotyping aneuploid CTCs can serve as a surrogate marker for disease monitoring in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaolei Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangliang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Karnas K, Strączek T, Kapusta C, Lekka M, Dulińska-Litewka J, Karewicz A. Specific Binding of Novel SPION-Based System Bearing Anti-N-Cadherin Antibodies to Prostate Tumor Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6537-6552. [PMID: 34602817 PMCID: PMC8478793 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s324354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Epithelial–mesenchymal (EMT) transition plays an important role in metastasis and is accompanied by an upregulation of N-cadherin expression. A new nanoparticulate system (SPION/CCh/N-cad) based on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, stabilized with a cationic derivative of chitosan and surface-modified with anti-N-cadherin antibody, was synthetized for the effective capture of N-cadherin expressing circulating tumor cells (CTC). Methods The morphology, physicochemical, and magnetic properties of the system were evaluated using dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, magnetometry, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), confocal microscopy and flow cytometry were used to study the interaction of our nanoparticulate system with N-cadherin expressed in prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3 and DU 145). A purpose-built cuvette was used in the cancer cell capture experiments. Results The obtained nanoparticles were a spherical, stable colloid, and exhibited excellent magnetic properties. Biological experiments confirmed that the novel SPION/CCh/N-cad system interacts specifically with N-cadherin present on the cell surface. Preliminary studies on the magnetic capture of PC-3 cells using the obtained nanoparticles were successful. Incubation times as short as 1 minute were sufficient for the synthesized system to effectively bind to the PC-3 cells. Conclusion Results obtained for our system suggest a possibility of using it to capture CTC in the flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Karnas
- Department of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Strączek
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Department of Solid State Physics, Kraków, Poland
| | - Czesław Kapusta
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Department of Solid State Physics, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lekka
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Anna Karewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Lemma S, Perrone AM, De Iaco P, Gasparre G, Kurelac I. Current methodologies to detect circulating tumor cells: a focus on ovarian cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4111-4126. [PMID: 34659879 PMCID: PMC8493391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in liquid biopsies opens a window of opportunities for the optimization of clinical management of oncologic patients. In ovarian cancer (OC), which involves atypical routes of metastatic spread, CTC analyses may also offer novel insights about the mechanisms behind malignant progression of the disease. However, current methodologies struggle to precisely define CTC number in the peripheral blood of OC patients, and the isolation of viable cells for further characterization is still challenging. The biggest limitation is the lack of methodological standardization for OC CTC detection, preventing comprehensive definition of their clinical potential required for the transfer to practice. Here we describe and compare methods for CTC analysis that have been implemented for OC thus far, discussing pros, cons and improvements needed. We identify biophysical separation approaches as optimal for CTC enrichment. On the other hand, the identification of specific tumor antigens or gene transcripts, despite displaying drawbacks related to tumor heterogeneity, still remains the best approach for OC CTC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lemma
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of BolognaVia Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Study and Research Center on Gynecological Neoplasias, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of BolognaVia Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna M Perrone
- Study and Research Center on Gynecological Neoplasias, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of BolognaVia Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierandrea De Iaco
- Study and Research Center on Gynecological Neoplasias, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of BolognaVia Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of BolognaVia Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Study and Research Center on Gynecological Neoplasias, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of BolognaVia Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivana Kurelac
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of BolognaVia Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Study and Research Center on Gynecological Neoplasias, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of BolognaVia Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna40138 Bologna, Italy
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Mazard T, Cayrefourcq L, Perriard F, Senellart H, Linot B, de la Fouchardière C, Terrebonne E, François E, Obled S, Guimbaud R, Mineur L, Fonck M, Daurès JP, Ychou M, Assenat E, Alix-Panabières C. Clinical Relevance of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The COLOSPOT Prospective Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122966. [PMID: 34199250 PMCID: PMC8231886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as a “real-time liquid biopsy” in epithelial tumors for personalized medicine has received tremendous attention over the past years, with important clinical implications. In metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), the CellSearch® system has already demonstrated its prognostic value and interest in monitoring treatment response, but the number of recovered CTCs remains low. In this article, we evaluate the early prognostic and predictive value of viable CTCs in patients with mCRC treated with FOLFIRI–bevacizumab with an alternative approach, the functional EPISPOT assay. This study shows that viable CTCs can be detected in patients with mCRC before and during FOLFIRI–bevacizumab treatment and that CTC detection at D28 and the D0–D28 CTC kinetics evaluated with the EPISPOT assay are associated with response to treatment. Abstract Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) allow the real-time monitoring of tumor course and treatment response. This prospective multicenter study evaluates and compares the early predictive value of CTC enumeration with EPISPOT, a functional assay that detects only viable CTCs, and with the CellSearch® system in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Methods: Treatment-naive patients with mCRC and measurable disease (RECIST criteria 1.1) received FOLFIRI–bevacizumab until progression or unacceptable toxicity. CTCs in peripheral blood were enumerated at D0, D14, D28, D42, and D56 (EPISPOT assay) and at D0 and D28 (CellSearch® system). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed with the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. Results: With the EPISPOT assay, at least 1 viable CTC was detected in 21% (D0), 15% (D14), 12% (D28), 10% (D42), and 12% (D56) of 155 patients. PFS and OS were shorter in patients who remained positive, with viable CTCs between D0 and D28 compared with the other patients (PFS = 7.36 vs. 9.43 months, p = 0.0161 and OS = 25.99 vs. 13.83 months, p = 0.0178). The prognostic and predictive values of ≥3 CTCs (CellSearch® system) were confirmed. Conclusions: CTC detection at D28 and the D0–D28 CTC dynamics evaluated with the EPISPOT assay were associated with outcomes and may predict response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Mazard
- IRCM, Inserm, University of Montpellier, ICM, 34000 Montpellier, France;
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center of Montpellier, St. Eloi Hospital, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (C.A.-P.); Tel.: +33-4-67-61-30-29 (T.M.); +33-4-11-75-99-31 (C.A.-P.); Fax: +33-4-67-61-23-47 (T.M.); +33-4-67-33-52-81 (C.A.-P.)
| | - Laure Cayrefourcq
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells, University Medical Center of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France;
- CREEC, MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Perriard
- Biostatistiques, Nouvelles Technologies, AESIO Santé, 34394 Montpellier, France; (F.P.); (J.-P.D.)
| | - Hélène Senellart
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, 44800 Saint Herblain, France;
| | - Benjamin Linot
- Department of Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, 49100 Nantes-Angers, France;
| | | | - Eric Terrebonne
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHU Haut-Lévêque, 33600 Pessac, France;
| | | | - Stéphane Obled
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Montpellier-Nîmes, Carémeau Hospital, 30900 Nîmes, France;
| | - Rosine Guimbaud
- Department of Oncology, Toulouse-Rangueil University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France;
| | - Laurent Mineur
- Oncology, Radiotherapy, Sainte-Catherine Institut, 84918 Avignon, France;
| | - Marianne Fonck
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Jean-Pierre Daurès
- Biostatistiques, Nouvelles Technologies, AESIO Santé, 34394 Montpellier, France; (F.P.); (J.-P.D.)
| | - Marc Ychou
- IRCM, Inserm, University of Montpellier, ICM, 34000 Montpellier, France;
| | - Eric Assenat
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center of Montpellier, St. Eloi Hospital, 34295 Montpellier, France;
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells, University Medical Center of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France;
- CREEC, MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (C.A.-P.); Tel.: +33-4-67-61-30-29 (T.M.); +33-4-11-75-99-31 (C.A.-P.); Fax: +33-4-67-61-23-47 (T.M.); +33-4-67-33-52-81 (C.A.-P.)
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Shen S, Yi Z, Li X, Xie S, Jin M, Zhou G, Yan Z, Shui L. Flow-Field-Assisted Dielectrophoretic Microchips for High-Efficiency Sheathless Particle/Cell Separation with Dual Mode. Anal Chem 2021; 93:7606-7615. [PMID: 34003009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prefocusing of cell mixtures through sheath flow is a common technique used for continuous and high-efficiency dielectrophoretic (DEP) cell separation. However, it usually limits the separation flow velocity and requires a complex multichannel fluid control system that hinders the integration of a DEP separator with other microfluidic functionalities for comprehensive biomedical applications. Here, we propose and develop a high-efficiency, sheathless particle/cell separation method without prefocusing based on flow-field-assisted DEP by combining the effects of AC electric field (E-field) and flow field (F-field). A hollow lemon-shaped electrode array is designed to generate a long-range E-field gradient in the microchannel, which can effectively induce lateral displacements of particles/cells in a continuous flow. A series of arc-shaped protrusion structures is designed along the microchannel to form a F-field, which can effectively guide the particles/cells toward the targeted E-field region without prefocusing. By tuning the E-field, two distinct modes can be realized and switched in one single device, including the sheathless separation (ShLS) and the adjustable particle mixing ratio (AMR) modes. In the ShLS mode, we have achieved the continuous separation of breast cancer cells from erythrocytes with a recovery rate of 95.5% and the separation of polystyrene particles from yeast cells with a purity of 97.1% at flow velocities over 2.59 mm/s in a 2 cm channel under optimized conditions. The AMR mode provides a strategy for controlling the mixing ratio of different particles/cells as a well-defined pretreatment method for biomedical research studies. The proposed microchip is easy to use and displays high versatility for biological and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Shen
- International Joint Laboratory of Optofluidic Technology and System, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics and School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zichuan Yi
- International Joint Laboratory of Optofluidic Technology and System, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics and School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,College of Electron and Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Xing Li
- International Joint Laboratory of Optofluidic Technology and System, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics and School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuting Xie
- International Joint Laboratory of Optofluidic Technology and System, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics and School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- International Joint Laboratory of Optofluidic Technology and System, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics and School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- International Joint Laboratory of Optofluidic Technology and System, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics and School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhibin Yan
- International Joint Laboratory of Optofluidic Technology and System, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics and School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lingling Shui
- International Joint Laboratory of Optofluidic Technology and System, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics and School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Rushton AJ, Nteliopoulos G, Shaw JA, Coombes RC. A Review of Circulating Tumour Cell Enrichment Technologies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050970. [PMID: 33652649 PMCID: PMC7956528 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are cancer cells shed into the bloodstream from tumours and their analysis can provide important insights into cancer detection and monitoring, with the potential to direct personalised therapies for the patient. These CTCs are rare in the blood, which makes their detection and enrichment challenging and to date, only one technology (the CellSearch) has gained FDA approval for determining the prognosis of patients with advanced breast, prostate and colorectal cancers. Here, we review the wide range of enrichment technologies available to isolate CTCs from other blood components and highlight the important characteristics that new technologies should possess for routine clinical use. Abstract Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are the precursor cells for the formation of metastatic disease. With a simple blood draw, liquid biopsies enable the non-invasive sampling of CTCs from the blood, which have the potential to provide important insights into cancer detection and monitoring. Since gaining FDA approval in 2004, the CellSearch system has been used to determine the prognosis of patients with metastatic breast, prostate and colorectal cancers. This utilises the cell surface marker Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM), to enrich CTCs, and many other technologies have adopted this approach. More recently, the role of mesenchymal-like CTCs in metastasis formation has come to light. It has been suggested that these cells are more aggressive metastatic precursors than their epithelial counterparts; however, mesenchymal CTCs remain undetected by EpCAM-based enrichment methods. This has prompted the development of a variety of ‘label free’ enrichment technologies, which exploit the unique physical properties of CTCs (such as size and deformability) compared to other blood components. Here, we review a wide range of both immunocapture and label free CTC enrichment technologies, summarising the most significant advantages and disadvantages of each. We also highlight the important characteristics that technologies should possess for routine clinical use, since future developments could have important clinical implications, with the potential to direct personalised therapies for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia J. Rushton
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK; (G.N.); (R.C.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Georgios Nteliopoulos
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK; (G.N.); (R.C.C.)
| | - Jacqueline A. Shaw
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK;
| | - R. Charles Coombes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK; (G.N.); (R.C.C.)
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Czaplicka M, Niciński K, Nowicka A, Szymborski T, Chmielewska I, Trzcińska-Danielewicz J, Girstun A, Kamińska A. Effect of Varying Expression of EpCAM on the Efficiency of CTCs Detection by SERS-Based Immunomagnetic Optofluidic Device. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113315. [PMID: 33182636 PMCID: PMC7697545 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this work we present a magnetically supported SERS-based immunoassay based on solid SERS-active support for the detection of circulating tumor cells. The SERS response in our optofluidic device was correlated with the level of EpCAM expression. The level of EpCAM cell expression in four cell lines with relatively high (human metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma cells (LNCaP)), medium (human metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma cells (LNCaP)), weak (human metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma cells (LNCaP)), and no EpCAM expressions (cervical cancer cells (HeLa) has been estimated using Western Blot method supported by immunochemistry and correlated with responses of immunomagnetic SERS-based analysis. The capture efficiency of developed assay was investigated in metastatic lung cancer patients. The assay demonstrates the capability to detect circulating tumor cells from blood samples over a broad linear range (from 1 to 100 cells/mL) reflecting clinically relevant amount of CTCs depending on the stage of metastasis, age, applied therapy. Abstract The circulating tumor cells (CTCs) isolation and characterization has a great potential for non-invasive biopsy. In the present research, the surface–enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based assay utilizing magnetic nanoparticles and solid SERS-active support integrated in the external field assisted microfluidic device was designed for efficient isolation of CTCs from blood samples. Magnetic nanospheres (Fe2O3) were coated with SERS-active metal and then modified with p-mercaptobenzoic acid (p-MBA) which works simultaneously as a Raman reporter and linker to an antiepithelial-cell-adhesion-molecule (anti-EpCAM) antibodies. The newly developed laser-induced SERS-active silicon substrate with a very strong enhancement factor (up to 108) and high stability and reproducibility provide the additional extra-enhancement in the sandwich plasmonic configuration of immune assay which finally leads to increase the efficiency of detection. The sensitive immune recognition of cancer cells is assisted by the introducing of the controllable external magnetic field into the microfluidic chip. Moreover, the integration of the SERS-active platform and p-MBA-labeled immuno-Ag@Fe2O3 nanostructures with microfluidic device offers less sample and analytes demand, precise operation, increase reproducibly of spectral responses, and enables miniaturization and portability of the presented approach. In this work, we have also investigated the effect of varying expression of the EpCAM established by the Western Blot method supported by immunochemistry on the efficiency of CTCs’ detection with the developed SERS method. We used four target cancer cell lines with relatively high (human metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma cells (LNCaP)), medium (human metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma cells (LNCaP)), weak (human metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma cells (LNCaP)), and no EpCAM expressions (cervical cancer cells (HeLa)) to estimate the limits of detection based on constructed calibration curves. Finally, blood samples from lung cancer patients were used to validate the efficiency of the developed method in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Czaplicka
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Krzysztof Niciński
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Ariadna Nowicka
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Tomasz Szymborski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Izabela Chmielewska
- Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Trzcińska-Danielewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (J.T.-D.); (A.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Girstun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (J.T.-D.); (A.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Kamińska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Ju JA, Lee CJ, Thompson KN, Ory EC, Lee RM, Mathias TJ, Pratt SJP, Vitolo MI, Jewell CM, Martin SS. Partial thermal imidization of polyelectrolyte multilayer cell tethering surfaces (TetherChip) enables efficient cell capture and microtentacle fixation for circulating tumor cell analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2872-2888. [PMID: 32744284 PMCID: PMC7595763 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00207k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The technical challenges of imaging non-adherent tumor cells pose a critical barrier to understanding tumor cell responses to the non-adherent microenvironments of metastasis, like the bloodstream or lymphatics. In this study, we optimized a microfluidic device (TetherChip) engineered to prevent cell adhesion with an optically-clear, thermal-crosslinked polyelectrolyte multilayer nanosurface and a terminal lipid layer that simultaneously tethers the cell membrane for improved spatial immobilization. Thermal imidization of the TetherChip nanosurface on commercially-available microfluidic slides allows up to 98% of tumor cell capture by the lipid tethers. Importantly, time-lapse microscopy demonstrates that unique microtentacles on non-adherent tumor cells are rapidly destroyed during chemical fixation, but tethering microtentacles to the TetherChip surface efficiently preserves microtentacle structure post-fixation and post-blood isolation. TetherChips remain stable for more than 6 months, enabling shipment to distant sites. The broad retention capability of TetherChips allows comparison of multiple tumor cell types, revealing for the first time that carcinomas beyond breast cancer form microtentacles in suspension. Direct integration of TetherChips into the Vortex VTX-1 CTC isolation instrument shows that live CTCs from blood samples are efficiently captured on TetherChips for rapid fixation and same-day immunofluorescence analysis. Highly efficient and unbiased label-free capture of CTCs on a surface that allows rapid chemical fixation also establishes a streamlined clinical workflow to stabilize patient tumor cell samples and minimize analytical variables. While current studies focus primarily on CTC enumeration, this microfluidic device provides a novel platform for functional phenotype testing in CTCs with the ultimate goal of identifying anti-metastatic, patient-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Ju
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Bressler Research Building Rm 10-29, 655 W, Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Chu PY, Hsieh CH, Wu MH. The Combination of Immunomagnetic Bead-Based Cell Isolation and Optically Induced Dielectrophoresis (ODEP)-Based Microfluidic Device for the Negative Selection-Based Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs). Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:921. [PMID: 32903713 PMCID: PMC7438881 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative selection-based circulating tumor cell (CTC) isolation is able to harvest viable, label-free, and clinically meaningful CTCs from the cancer patients' blood. Nevertheless, its main shortcoming is its inability to isolate high-purity CTCs, restricting subsequent CTC-related analysis. To address this issue, this study proposed a two-step optically-induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) cell manipulation to process the cell sample harvested by negative selection-/immunomagnetic microbeads-based CTC isolation. The working mechanism is that the ODEP force acting on the cells with and without magnetic microbeads binding is different. Accordingly, the use of ODEP cell manipulation in a microfluidic system was designed to first separate and then isolate the cancer cells from other magnetic microbead-bound cells. Immunofluorescent microscopic observation and ODEP cell manipulation were then performed to refine the purity of the cancer cells. In this study, the optimum operating conditions for effective cell isolation were determined experimentally. The results revealed that the presented method was able to further refine the purity of cancer cell in the sample obtained after negative selection-based CTC isolation with high cell purity (81.6~86.1%). Overall, this study proposed the combination of immunomagnetic bead-based cell isolation and ODEP cell manipulation for the negative selection-based isolation of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Chu
- Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (Linkou), Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsien Wu
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (Linkou), Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Zou L, Imani S, Maghsoudloo M, Shasaltaneh MD, Gao L, Zhou J, Wen Q, Liu S, Zhang L, Chen G. Genome‑wide copy number analysis of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer patients with liver metastasis. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:1075-1093. [PMID: 32705227 PMCID: PMC7388446 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome‑wide copy number analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) provides a promising prognostic biomarker for survival in breast cancer liver metastasis (BCLM) patients. The present study aimed to confirm the prognostic value of the presence of CTCs in BCLM patients. We previously developed an assay for the genome‑wide pattern differences in copy number variations (CNVs) as an adjunct test for the routine imaging and histopathologic diagnosis methods to distinguish newly diagnosed liver metastases and recurrent liver metastases. Forty‑three breast cancer patients were selected for this study in which 23 newly diagnosed and 20 recurrent liver metastases were diagnosed by histopathology and 18F‑FDG PET/CT imaging. CTCs were counted from all patients using the CellSearch system and were confirmed by cytomorphology and three‑color immunocytochemistry. Genomic DNA of single CTCs was amplified using multiple annealing and looping based amplification cycles (MALBAC). Then, we compared the CTC numbers of newly diagnosed and recurrent BCLM patients using Illumina platforms. A high CTC frequency (>15 CTCs/7.5 ml blood) was found to be correlated with disease severity and metastatic progression, which suggests the value for CTCs in the diagnosis of BCLM in comparison with pathohistology and PET/CT imaging (P>0.05). Moreover, CTCs isolated from BCLM patients remained an independent prognostic detection factor associated with overall survival (P=0.0041). Comparison between newly diagnosed and recurrent liver metastases revealed different frequencies of CNVs (P>0.05). Notably, the CNV pattern of isolated CTCs of recurrent BCLM patients was similar to recurrent liver metastases (nearly 82% of the gain/loss regions). Functional enrichment analysis identified 25 genes as a CNV signature of BCLM. Among them, were defensin and β‑defensin genes, which are significantly associated with anti‑angiogenesis and immunomodulation signaling pathways. High CTC frequencies are effective in the evaluation and differentiation between newly diagnosed liver metastases from recurrent liver metastases. Future clinical studies will be necessary to fully determine the prognostic potential of CTC cluster signatures in patients with BCLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglin Zou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Saber Imani
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Mazaher Maghsoudloo
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | | | - Lanyang Gao
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jia Zhou
- School of Humanities and Management Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Shuya Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Leisheng Zhang
- The Postdoctoral Research Station, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Medical Equipment, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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Cui Z, Su F, Li Y, Yang D. Circulating tumour cells as prognosis predictive markers of neoadjuvant chemotherapy-treated breast cancer patients. J Chemother 2020; 32:304-309. [PMID: 32500819 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2020.1774207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we detected and measured the count of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in breast cancer (BC) patients who were treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in order to assess the clinical validity of CTCs. A total of 96 patients with locally advanced BC and who were treated by NAC were enrolled in this study. The CTC count in the peripheral blood was estimated by negative enrichment-fluorescence in situ hybridization before and after NAC. The clinicopathological data of the patients were recorded. CTCs were detected in 59 of the 96 patients with BC before NAC. Particularly, the detection rate of CTCs was significantly lower in human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2)-negative patients than in HER-2-positive patients. CTCs were significantly fewer after NAC than before NAC. The CTC-detection sensitivity in the NAC efficacy evaluation was 75.5% (40/53), while the specificity was 72.1% (31/43). The CTC consistency analysis with clinical effects (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version 1.1 Standard) was described as moderate (kappa = 0.476, P < 0.001). Thus, our findings suggest that CTC detection is a potential new approach to assess the efficacy of NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Cui
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Fengbo Su
- Department of Surgery, Shouguang Yingli Central Hospital, Shouguang, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Zhong Yuan Academy of Biological Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Yang
- Zhong Yuan Academy of Biological Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, P. R. China
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