1
|
Gong T, Huang X, Wang Z, Chu Y, Wang L, Wang Q. IL-2 promotes expansion and intratumoral accumulation of tumor infiltrating dendritic cells in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:84. [PMID: 38554155 PMCID: PMC10981618 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the diagnostic potential of IL-2 for PDAC and develop a method to improve the dendritic cell (DC) based vaccine against PDAC. The gene expression data and clinical characteristics information for 178 patients with PDAC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). DCs were isolated from Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and were cultured in 4 different conditions. DCs were pulsed by tumor cell lysates or KRAS G12D1 - 23 peptide, and then used to activate T cells. The mixture of DCs and T cells were administered to xenograft mouse model through the tail vein. The infiltration of DCs and T cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. The generation of KRAS G12D mutation specific cytotoxic T cells was determined by in vitro killing assay. We observed that PDAC patients with higher IL-2 mRNA levels exhibited improved overall survival and increased infiltration of CD8 + T cells, NK cells, naïve B cells, and resting myeloid DCs in the tumor microenvironment. IL-2 alone did not enhance DC proliferation, antigen uptake, or apoptosis inhibition unless co-cultured with PBMCs. DCs co-cultured with PBMCs in IL-2-containing medium demonstrated the strongest tumor repression effect in vitro and in vivo. Compared to DCs obtained through the traditional method (cultured in medium containing GM-CSF and IL-4), DCs cultured with PBMCs, and IL-2 exhibited increased tumor infiltration capacity, potentially facilitating sustained T cell immunity. DCs cultured in the PBMCs-IL-2 condition could promote the generation of cytotoxic T cells targeting tumor cells carrying KRAS G12D mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xinyang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhuoxin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ye Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Mato FC, Barreto N, Cordeiro G, Munhoz J, Bonfanti AP, da Rocha-e-Silva TAA, Sutti R, Cruz PBM, Sanches LR, Bombeiro AL, Chalbatani GM, Verinaud L, Rapôso C. Isolated Peptide from Spider Venom Modulates Dendritic Cells In Vitro: A Possible Application in Oncoimmunotherapy for Glioblastoma. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071023. [PMID: 37048096 PMCID: PMC10092987 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) vaccine is a potential tool for oncoimmunotherapy. However, it is known that this therapeutic strategy has failed in solid tumors, making the development of immunoadjuvants highly relevant. Recently, we demonstrated that Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom (PnV) components are cytotoxic to glioblastoma (GB) and activate macrophages for an antitumor profile. However, the effects of these molecules on the adaptive immune response have not yet been evaluated. This work aimed to test PnV and its purified fractions in DCs in vitro. For this purpose, bone marrow precursors were collected from male C57BL6 mice, differentiated into DCs and treated with venom or PnV-isolated fractions (F1—molecules < 3 kDa, F2—3 to 10 kDa and F3—>10 kDa), with or without costimulation with human GB lysate. The results showed that mainly F1 was able to activate DCs, increasing the activation-dependent surface marker (CD86) and cytokine release (IL-1β, TNF-α), in addition to inducing a typical morphology of mature DCs. From the F1 purification, a molecule named LW9 was the most effective, and mass spectrometry showed it to be a peptide. The present findings suggest that this molecule could be an immunoadjuvant with possible application in DC vaccines for the treatment of GB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Cezar de Mato
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Barreto
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Cordeiro
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Munhoz
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences (AFNS), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Amanda Pires Bonfanti
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Thomaz A. A. da Rocha-e-Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05653-120, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Sutti
- Valer Laboratórios Eireli, São Paulo 13347-633, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscilla B. M. Cruz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05653-120, SP, Brazil
| | - Livia R. Sanches
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05653-120, SP, Brazil
| | - André Luis Bombeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Liana Verinaud
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Catarina Rapôso
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-19-983544559
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shojaee P, Mornata F, Deutsch A, Locati M, Hatzikirou H. The impact of tumor associated macrophages on tumor biology under the lens of mathematical modelling: A review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1050067. [PMID: 36439180 PMCID: PMC9685623 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1050067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we review the role of mathematical modelling to elucidate the impact of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in tumor progression and therapy design. We first outline the biology of TAMs, and its current application in tumor therapies, and their experimental methods that provide insights into tumor cell-macrophage interactions. We then focus on the mechanistic mathematical models describing the role of macrophages as drug carriers, the impact of macrophage polarized activation on tumor growth, and the role of tumor microenvironment (TME) parameters on the tumor-macrophage interactions. This review aims to identify the synergies between biological and mathematical approaches that allow us to translate knowledge on fundamental TAMs biology in addressing current clinical challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Shojaee
- Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Federica Mornata
- Leukocyte Biology Lab, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Andreas Deutsch
- Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Massimo Locati
- Leukocyte Biology Lab, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Haralampos Hatzikirou
- Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Mathematics Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Centre (HEIC), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Efficacy of bivalent CEACAM6/4-1BBL genetic vaccine combined with anti-PD1 antibody in MC38 tumor model of mice. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10775. [PMID: 36212004 PMCID: PMC9535276 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We used mouse CRC cell line (MC38) to establish a heterotopic mouse model, and applied [89Zr]-labeled PD-L1 antibody KN035 for PET imaging. Attenuated Salmonella typhimurium 3261 was used as an anti-tumor vaccine, and the combined anti-tumor immunotherapy with bivalent genetic vaccine and anti-PD1 antibody Nivolumab was conducted. MicroPET was performed to observe the changes of tumor tissues and expression of PD-L1. We found that the recombinant double-gene plasmids were stably expressed in COS7 cells. Study results showed the combined immunotherapy improved the effectiveness over genetic vaccine alone. This study supports that combination of genetic vaccines and anti-immunocheckpoint immunotherapy can inhibit MC38 tumor growth.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kiryu S, Ito Z, Suka M, Bito T, Kan S, Uchiyama K, Saruta M, Hata T, Takano Y, Fujioka S, Misawa T, Yamauchi T, Yanagisawa H, Sato N, Ohkusa T, Sugiyama H, Koido S. Prognostic value of immune factors in the tumor microenvironment of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1197. [PMID: 34758773 PMCID: PMC8582170 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both activated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and immune-suppressive cells, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play an important role in the prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS The densities of TILs, programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) + T cells, and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) + T cells were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. The associations of the immunological status of the PDAC microenvironment with overall survival (OS) time and disease-free survival (DFS) time were evaluated. RESULTS PDAC patients with a high density of TILs in the TME or PD-1-positive T cells in tertiary lymphoid aggregates (TLAs) demonstrated a significantly better prognosis than those with a low density of TILs or PD-1-negativity, respectively. Moreover, PDAC patients with high levels of Foxp3-expressing T cells showed a worse prognosis than those with low levels of Foxp3-expressing T cells. Importantly, even with a high density of the TILs in TME or PD-1-positive T cells in TLAs, PDAC patients with high levels of Foxp3-expressing T cells showed a worse prognosis than patients with low levels of Foxp3-expressing T cells. A PDAC TME with a high density of TILs/high PD-1 positivity/low Foxp3 expression was an independent predictive marker associated with superior prognosis. CONCLUSION Combined assessment of TILs, PD-1+ cells, and Foxp3+ T cells in the TME may predict the prognosis of PDAC patients following surgical resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachie Kiryu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8567 Japan
| | - Zensho Ito
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8567 Japan
| | - Machi Suka
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
| | - Tsuuse Bito
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8567 Japan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8567 Japan
| | - Shin Kan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8567 Japan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8567 Japan
| | - Kan Uchiyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8567 Japan
| | - Masayuki Saruta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
| | - Taigo Hata
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8567 Japan
| | - Yuki Takano
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8567 Japan
| | - Shuichi Fujioka
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8567 Japan
| | - Takeyuki Misawa
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8567 Japan
| | - Takashi Yamauchi
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yanagisawa
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Sato
- Department of Microbiota Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ohkusa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8567 Japan
- Department of Microbiota Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Haruo Sugiyama
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-city, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Shigeo Koido
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8567 Japan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8567 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu WJ, Hu ZF, Yuan Z. Progress in research of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in pancreatic cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:1207-1214. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i21.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer is less than 5%, and the only available treatments, surgery, chemotherapy, and chemoradiation, have shown limited effectiveness. Therefore, alternative treatment strategies are urgently needed. In recent years, tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy has shown promising successes in the treatment of some types of solid tumors because of its diverse TCR clonality, superior tumor-homing ability, and low off-target toxicity. The significant association between a high TIL density in pancreatic cancer tissue and a good clinical outcome and success of pancreatic cancer-specific TIL expansion ex vivo potentiates the rationality of the TIL therapy in pancreatic cancer. However, there are still many challenges ahead, such as neoantigen screening, rapid cell expansion, and low cytotoxicity. This article reviews the recent advances and limitations of TIL therapy in pancreatic cancer and discusses its future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Zhu
- CAR-T (Shanghai) Cell Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhan-Fei Hu
- CAR-T (Shanghai) Cell Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhou Yuan
- The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Elaskandrany M, Patel R, Patel M, Miller G, Saxena D, Saxena A. Fungi, host immune response, and tumorigenesis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G213-G222. [PMID: 34231392 PMCID: PMC8410104 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00025.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Advances in -omics analyses have tremendously enhanced our understanding of the role of the microbiome in human health and disease. Most research is focused on the bacteriome, but scientists have now realized the significance of the virome and microbial dysbiosis as well, particularly in noninfectious diseases such as cancer. In this review, we summarize the role of mycobiome in tumorigenesis, with a dismal prognosis, and attention to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We also discuss bacterial and mycobial interactions to the host's immune response that is prevalently responsible for resistance to cancer therapy, including immunotherapy. We reported that the Malassezia species associated with scalp and skin infections, colonize in human PDAC tumors and accelerate tumorigenesis via activating the C3 complement-mannose-binding lectin (MBL) pathway. PDAC tumors thrive in an immunosuppressive microenvironment with desmoplastic stroma and a dysbiotic microbiome. Host-microbiome interactions in the tumor milieu pose a significant threat in driving the indolent immune behavior of the tumor. Microbial intervention in multimodal cancer therapy is a promising novel approach to modify an immunotolerant ("cold") tumor microenvironment to an immunocompetent ("hot") milieu that is effective in eliminating tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miar Elaskandrany
- 1Biology Department, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, New York,2Macaulay Honors Academy, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Rohin Patel
- 1Biology Department, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Mintoo Patel
- 3Natural Sciences, South Florida State College, Avon Park, Florida
| | - George Miller
- 4New York City Health & Hospitals (Woodhull), New York, New York
| | - Deepak Saxena
- 5Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York,6Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Anjana Saxena
- 1Biology Department, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, New York,7Biology and Biochemistry Programs, Graduate Center, City
University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao J, Soto LMS, Wang H, Katz MH, Prakash LR, Kim M, Tzeng CWD, Lee JE, Wolff RA, Huang Y, Wistuba II, Maitra A, Wang H. Overexpression of CD73 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is associated with immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and poor survival. Pancreatology 2021; 21:942-949. [PMID: 33832821 PMCID: PMC8802341 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD73, a newly recognized immune checkpoint mediator, is expressed in several types of malignancies. However, CD73 expression and its impact on tumor microenvironment and clinical outcomes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain unclear. METHODS This study included two cohorts: 138 patients from our institution (MDA) and 176 patients from TCGA dataset. CD73 expression, CD4+, CD8+, CD21+ and CD45RO + tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays. The results of CD73 expression were correlated with clinicopathologic parameters, survival and TILs. RESULTS CD73 overexpression correlated with poor differentiation (P = 0.002) and tumor size (P = 0.049). For CD73-low group, median overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were 26.9 ± 3.8 months and 12.6 ± 2.6 months, respectively, compared to 16.9 ± 4.4 months (P = 0.01) and 7.9 ± 1.2 months (P = 0.01), respectively, in CD73-high group. CD73 was an independent predictor for both RFS (P = 0.02) and OS (P = 0.01) by multivariate variate analysis. Similarly, CD73-high tumors had significantly shorter OS than CD73-low tumors in TCGA dataset (P < 0.0001). CD73-high correlated with decreased CD4+ TILs in MDA cohort and decreased CD8A and CR2 (CD21) expression in TCGA cohort. CONCLUSIONS CD73 overexpression is associated with poor differentiation, tumor size, and shorter survival, and is an independent prognostic factor in PDAC patients. CD73 overexpression is associated with decreased CD4+, CD8+ and CD21+ TILs. Our data support that CD73 plays an important role in immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and promote tumor progression in PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luisa M Solis Soto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew H Katz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura R Prakash
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ching-Wei D Tzeng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert A Wolff
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanqing Huang
- Evolution of Cancer, Leukemia and Immunity Post Stem Cell Transplant (ECLIPSE), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu L, Kshirsagar P, Christiansen J, Gautam SK, Aithal A, Gulati M, Kumar S, Solheim JC, Batra SK, Jain M, Wannemuehler MJ, Narasimhan B. Polyanhydride nanoparticles stabilize pancreatic cancer antigen MUC4β. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:893-902. [PMID: 32776461 PMCID: PMC8100985 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal malignancies and represents an increasing and challenging threat, especially with an aging population. The identification of immunogenic PC-specific upregulated antigens and an enhanced understanding of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment have provided opportunities to enable the immune system to recognize cancer cells. Due to its differential upregulation and functional role in PC, the transmembrane mucin MUC4 is an attractive target for immunotherapy. In the current study we characterized the antigen stability, antigenicity and release kinetics of a MUC4β-nanovaccine to guide further optimization and, in vivo evaluation. Amphiphilic polyanhydride copolymers based on 20 mol % 1,8-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)-3,6-dioxaoctane and 80 mol % 1,6-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)hexane were used to synthesize nanoparticles. Structurally stable MUC4β protein was released from the particles in a sustained manner and characterized by gel electrophoresis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Modest levels of protein degradation were observed upon release. The released protein was also analyzed by MUC4β-specific monoclonal antibodies using ELISA and showed no significant loss of epitope availability. Further, mice immunized with multiple formulations of combination vaccines containing MUC4β-loaded nanoparticles generated MUC4β-specific antibody responses. These results indicate that polyanhydride nanoparticles are viable MUC4β vaccine carriers, laying the foundation for evaluation of this platform for PC immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luman Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Prakash Kshirsagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - John Christiansen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Shailendra K. Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Abhijit Aithal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Mansi Gulati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Joyce C. Solheim
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Michael J. Wannemuehler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Engagement of activating receptor NKG2D to its ligand mediates natural killer (NK) cell activation and enhances cytotoxicity. NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs) are frequently expressed on the tumor cell surface. However, the expression patterns of different NKG2DLs vary between tumor cells. Downregulation of certain ligand enables the tumor cells to escape NK cell-mediated immunosurveillance. By generating tumor cell lines with high expression of NKG2D ligand MULT1, we aimed to explore the function of NKG2DLs diversity on the activation and regulation of NKG2D signaling pathway. NK cells were potently activated by the "acquired" MULT1 expression on MOVCAR 5009 cells. Further, the progression of the tumor was significantly inhibited in mice inoculated with MULT1-expressing MOVCAR 5009 cells. Also, the pulmonary metastasis of MULT1-expressing B16-F0 cells was also significantly reduced in vivo. Our results implied that "acquired" NKG2D ligands enhance antitumor responses of NK cells, providing insights for designing novel therapeutic strategies and drugs to enhance NK cell surveillance over malignances.
Collapse
|
11
|
Amin S, Baine M, Meza J, Alam M, Lin C. The impact of immunotherapy on the survival of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients who do not receive definitive surgery of the tumor. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2020; 24:34-40. [PMID: 32613090 PMCID: PMC7317682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Immunotherapy has shown great efficacy in many cancers, but its role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of immunotherapy on the overall survival of PDAC patients who did not receive definitive surgery of the pancreatic primary tumor site using the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Materials and Methods Patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who did not receive surgery were identified from NCDB. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to assess the impact of immunotherapy on survival after adjusting for age at diagnosis, race, sex, place of living, income, education, treatment facility type, insurance status, year of diagnosis, and treatment types such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Results Of 263,886 patients who were analyzed, 911 (0.35%) received immunotherapy. Among patients who received chemotherapy (101,546), and chemoradiation (30,226) therapy, 555/101,546 (0.55%) received chemotherapy plus immunotherapy, and 299/3,022 (9.9%) received chemoradiation plus immunotherapy. In a multivariable analysis adjusted for the factors mentioned above, immunotherapy was associated with significantly improved OS (HR: 0.866 (0.800–0.937); P < 0.001) compared to no immunotherapy. Chemotherapy plus immunotherapy was significantly associated with improved OS (HR: 0.848 (0.766–0.938); P < 0.001) compared to chemotherapy without immunotherapy. Further, chemoradiation plus immunotherapy was associated with significantly improved OS (HR: 0.813 (0.707–0.936); P < 0.001) compared to chemoradiation alone. Conclusion In this study, the addition of immunotherapy to chemotherapy and chemoradiation therapy was associated with significantly improved OS in PDAC patients without definitive surgery. The study warrants future clinical trials of immunotherapy in PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saber Amin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA
| | - Michael Baine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA
| | - Jane Meza
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA
| | - Morshed Alam
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA
| | - Chi Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Manero-Rupérez N, Martínez-Bosch N, Barranco LE, Visa L, Navarro P. The Galectin Family as Molecular Targets: Hopes for Defeating Pancreatic Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E689. [PMID: 32168866 PMCID: PMC7140611 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of proteins that bind β-galactose residues through a highly conserved carbohydrate recognition domain. They regulate several important biological functions, including cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion, and play critical roles during embryonic development and cell differentiation. In adults, different galectin members are expressed depending on the tissue type and can be altered during pathological processes. Numerous reports have shown the involvement of galectins in diseases, mostly inflammation and cancer. Here, we review the state-of-the-art of the role that different galectin family members play in pancreatic cancer. This tumor is predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the next decade as there is still no effective treatment nor accurate diagnosis for it. We also discuss the possible translation of recent results about galectin expression and functions in pancreatic cancer into clinical interventions (i.e., diagnosis, prediction of prognosis and/or therapy) for this fatal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Manero-Rupérez
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Neus Martínez-Bosch
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Luis E Barranco
- Department of Gastroenterolgy, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Laura Visa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar-IMIM-CIBERONC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Pilar Navarro
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kamath SD, Kalyan A, Kircher S, Nimeiri H, Fought AJ, Benson A, Mulcahy M. Ipilimumab and Gemcitabine for Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Phase Ib Study. Oncologist 2019; 25:e808-e815. [PMID: 31740568 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains resistant to chemotherapy and immunotherapy individually because of its desmoplastic stroma and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Synergizing cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) immune checkpoint blockade with chemotherapy could overcome these barriers. Here we present results of a phase Ib trial combining ipilimumab and gemcitabine in advanced PDAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a single-institution study with a 3 + 3 dose-escalation design. The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Secondary objectives included determining the toxicity profile, objective response rate (ORR), median progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Twenty-one patients were enrolled, 13 during dose escalation and 8 at the MTD. The median age was 66 years, 62% were female, 95% had stage IV disease, and 67% had received at least one prior line of therapy. The primary objective to establish the MTD was achieved at doses of ipilimumab 3 mg/kg and gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 . The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events were anemia (48%), leukopenia (48%), and neutropenia (43%). The ORR was 14% (3/21), and seven patients had stable disease. Median response duration for the three responders was 11 months, with one response duration of 19.8 months. Median PFS was 2.78 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.61-4.83 months), and median OS was 6.90 months (95% CI, 2.63-9.57 months). CONCLUSION Gemcitabine and ipilimumab is a safe and tolerable regimen for PDAC with a similar response rate to gemcitabine alone. As in other immunotherapy trials, responses were relatively durable in this study. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Gemcitabine and ipilimumab is a safe and feasible regimen for treating advanced pancreatic cancer. Although one patient in this study had a relatively durable response of nearly 20 months, adding ipilimumab to gemcitabine does not appear to be more effective than gemcitabine alone in advanced pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suneel D Kamath
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aparna Kalyan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sheetal Kircher
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Halla Nimeiri
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Angela J Fought
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventative Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Al Benson
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mary Mulcahy
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yoshida S, Ito Z, Suka M, Bito T, Kan S, Akasu T, Saruta M, Okamoto M, Kitamura H, Fujioka S, Misawa T, Akiba T, Yanagisawa H, Sugiyama H, Koido S. Clinical Significance of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells and Programed Death Ligand-1 in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Invest 2019; 37:463-477. [PMID: 31490702 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2019.1661427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The associations of the immunological status of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) microenvironment with prognosis were assessed. A high tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density was associated with a better prognosis. Importantly, even with a high density of TILs, the PDA cells with programed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression showed a worse prognosis than the patients with negative PD-L1 expression. A significant association between a better prognosis and a tumor microenvironment with a high TIL density/negative PD-L1 expression was observed. Assessments of a combined immunological status in the tumor microenvironment may predict the prognosis of PDA patients following surgical resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayumi Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital , Chiba , Japan
| | - Zensho Ito
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital , Chiba , Japan
| | - Machi Suka
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tsuuse Bito
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital , Chiba , Japan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Chiba , Japan
| | - Shin Kan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital , Chiba , Japan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Chiba , Japan
| | - Takafumi Akasu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital , Chiba , Japan
| | - Masayuki Saruta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masato Okamoto
- Department of Oral Medicine and Stomatology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kitamura
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital , Chiba , Japan
| | - Shuichi Fujioka
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital , Chiba , Japan
| | - Takeyuki Misawa
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital , Chiba , Japan
| | - Tadashi Akiba
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital , Chiba , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yanagisawa
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Haruo Sugiyama
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka , Japan
| | - Shigeo Koido
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital , Chiba , Japan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Chiba , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang X, Hamann MT. Marine natural products in the discovery and development of potential pancreatic cancer therapeutics. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 144:299-314. [PMID: 31349901 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer one of the most deadly cancers and is an increasingly significant concern for global health. The death rates for pancreatic cancer have changed little over time, even with recent expansions of first-line drugs to treat pancreatic cancer there has been little improvement in patient prognosis. Any improvements in treatment strategies will come as a much-needed reprieve to patients diagnosed with this uniquely-challenging disease. Greater attention is needed regarding the identification and development of novel chemotherapeutic strategies with unique mechanisms of action. The marine environment with its particularity has provided a diverse source of novel structural compounds with interesting activities. The marine natural products reported from 2006 to 2018 with compelling activity and potential for the control of pancreatic cancer based on in vitro and in vivo results will be summarized. A key goal of this review is to draw attention to those molecules that warrant additional preclinical development studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- Departments of Drug Discovery, Biomedical Sciences, and Public Health Sciences, Hollings Cancer Center, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Mark T Hamann
- Departments of Drug Discovery, Biomedical Sciences, and Public Health Sciences, Hollings Cancer Center, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Madendag Y, Sahin E, Madendag IC, Sahin ME, Acmaz G, Karaman H. High Immune Expression of Progesterone-Induced Blocking Factor in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2018; 17:1533033818783911. [PMID: 29962287 PMCID: PMC6048602 DOI: 10.1177/1533033818783911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Progesterone-induced blocking factor, which is released from maternal lymphocytes
during pregnancy mediates the immune effect of progesterone. According to new reports,
it is suggested that proliferating cells, such as human trophoblasts, mesenchymal stem
cells, and malignant tumors, can excrete progesterone-induced blocking factor at high
ratio to escape from maternal immunity. It is shown in recent studies that
progesterone-induced blocking factor is overexpressed in many malignant tumors such as
breast, cervical, lymphoma, and leukemia. There are no data about progesterone-induced
blocking factor expression in ovarian cancer cells. Hence, it is aimed to determine the
progesterone-induced blocking factor expression levels in epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods: The study which was a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in a University
Hospital. Twenty tissue specimens of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer and 20
tissue specimens of patients with healthy ovary were included in the study. Primary
rabbit polyclonal anti- progesterone-induced blocking factor antibody was used to
incubate the sections at a ratio of 1:300. Results: When the tissue sections were compared based on immunostaining with
progesterone-induced blocking factor, we detected high stromal progesterone-induced
blocking factor expression in the epithelial ovarian cancer group as check against to
the normal ovarian group (P = .007). Similarly, we found high glandular
progesterone-induced blocking factor expression in the epithelial ovarian cancer group
as check against to the normal ovarian group (P < .001). Conclusion: Proving the existence of progesterone-induced blocking factor expression in epithelial
ovarian cancer cells may lead new visions or new studies for epithelial ovarian cancer
immunotherapy. As a result, epithelial ovarian cancer cells have greater levels of
expression of progesterone-induced blocking factor protein than normal ovarian tissue
according to immunohistochemistry. Further research is needed to understand the clinical
importance of this finding, to learn outcomes of high levels of progesterone-induced
blocking factor, and to investigate its underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Madendag
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Health Sciences University Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Erdem Sahin
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Health Sciences University Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Col Madendag
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Health Sciences University Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mefkure Eraslan Sahin
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Acmaz
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Health Sciences University Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hatice Karaman
- 3 Department of Pathology Clinic, Health Sciences University Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou F, Yang J, Zhang Y, Liu M, Lang ML, Li M, Chen WR. Local Phototherapy Synergizes with Immunoadjuvant for Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer through Induced Immunogenic Tumor Vaccine. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5335-5346. [PMID: 30068705 PMCID: PMC6214772 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To develop a synergistic combination therapy for advanced pancreatic cancer, using local phototherapy and immunotherapy, and to determine the efficacy and mechanism of the novel combination therapy using a highly metastatic pancreatic tumor model in mice.Experimental Design: Mice bearing Panc02-H7 pancreatic tumors (both subcutaneous and orthotopic) were treated with noninvasive or interventional photothermal therapy, followed by local application of an immunoadjuvant. Tumor growth and animal survival were assessed. Immune cell populations within spleen and tumors were evaluated by FACS and IHC, and cytokine levels were determined by ELISA.Results: Up to 75% of mice bearing subcutaneous tumors treated with combination therapy had complete tumor regression. Local photothermal therapy exposed/released damage-associated molecular patterns, which initiated an immunogenic tumor cell death, resulting in infiltration of antigen-presenting cells and Th1 immunity. Concomitant application of immunoadjuvant amplified Th1 immunity, especially the tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response, with increased quantity and quality of T cells. Combination therapy also induced tumor-specific immune memory, as demonstrated by resistance to tumor rechallenge and production of memory T cells. For the treatment of orthotopic tumor, the combination therapy significantly reduced the primary tumors and metastases, and prolonged the animal survival time.Conclusions: This study indicated that combination of local phototherapy and immunotherapy induced a systemic immunity against established tumors and metastases in an aggressive, preclinical pancreatic tumor model, leading to a potential clinical method for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 24(21); 5335-46. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Oklahoma
| | - Jingxuan Yang
- Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Mingyang Liu
- Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Mark L Lang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
| | - Wei R Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Oklahoma
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Targeting galectin-1 inhibits pancreatic cancer progression by modulating tumor-stroma crosstalk. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E3769-E3778. [PMID: 29615514 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1722434115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) remains one of the most lethal tumor types, with extremely low survival rates due to late diagnosis and resistance to standard therapies. A more comprehensive understanding of the complexity of PDA pathobiology, and especially of the role of the tumor microenvironment in disease progression, should pave the way for therapies to improve patient response rates. In this study, we identify galectin-1 (Gal1), a glycan-binding protein that is highly overexpressed in PDA stroma, as a major driver of pancreatic cancer progression. Genetic deletion of Gal1 in a Kras-driven mouse model of PDA (Ela-KrasG12Vp53-/- ) results in a significant increase in survival through mechanisms involving decreased stroma activation, attenuated vascularization, and enhanced T cell infiltration leading to diminished metastasis rates. In a human setting, human pancreatic stellate cells (HPSCs) promote cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion via Gal1-driven pathways. Moreover, in vivo orthotopic coinjection of pancreatic tumor cells with Gal1-depleted HPSCs leads to impaired tumor formation and metastasis in mice. Gene-expression analyses of pancreatic tumor cells exposed to Gal1 reveal modulation of multiple regulatory pathways involved in tumor progression. Thus, Gal1 hierarchically regulates different events implicated in PDA biology including tumor cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, inflammation, and metastasis, highlighting the broad therapeutic potential of Gal1-specific inhibitors, either alone or in combination with other therapeutic modalities.
Collapse
|
19
|
Li W, Song X, Yu H, Zhang M, Li F, Cao C, Jiang Q. Dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer. Arab J Gastroenterol 2018. [PMID: 29526540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a lethal disease and remains one of the most resistant cancers to traditional therapies. New therapeutic modalities are urgently needed, particularly immunotherapy, which has shown promise in numerous animal model studies. Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy has been used in clinical trials for various cancers, including PC, because DCs are the most potent antigen-presenting cell (APC), which are capable of priming naive T cells and stimulating memory T cells to generate antigen-specific responses. In this paper, we review the preclinical and clinical efforts towards the application of DCs for PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Radiation Damage, The General Hospital of The PLA Rocket Force, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Xiujun Song
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Radiation Damage, The General Hospital of The PLA Rocket Force, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Huijie Yu
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Radiation Damage, The General Hospital of The PLA Rocket Force, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Manze Zhang
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Radiation Damage, The General Hospital of The PLA Rocket Force, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Fengsheng Li
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Radiation Damage, The General Hospital of The PLA Rocket Force, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Cheng Cao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Qisheng Jiang
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Radiation Damage, The General Hospital of The PLA Rocket Force, Beijing 100088, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Birnbaum DJ, Bertucci F, Finetti P, Birnbaum D, Mamessier E. Molecular classification as prognostic factor and guide for treatment decision of pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:248-255. [PMID: 29499330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinico-pathological factors fail to consistently predict the outcome after pancreatic resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDACs show a high level of inter- and intra- tumor genetic heterogeneity. A molecular classification should help sort patients into less heterogeneous and more appropriate groups regarding the metastatic risk and the therapeutic response, with the consequences of better predicting evolution and better orienting the treatment. PDAC can be classified based on mutational subtypes and 18gene alterations. Whole-genome sequencing identified mutational signatures, mutational burden and hyper-mutated tumors with specific DNA repair defects. Their overlap/similarities allow the definition of molecular subtypes. DNA and RNA classifications can be used in prognosis assessment. They are useful in therapeutic choice for they allow the design of approaches that can predict the respective drug sensitivity of each molecular subtype. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of available molecular classifications in PDAC and how this can help guide clinical decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Birnbaum
- Département d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Département de Chirurgie Générale et Viscérale, AP-HM, Marseille, France.
| | - François Bertucci
- Département d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Département d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Département d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Mamessier
- Département d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yoyen-Ermis D, Ozturk-Atar K, Kursunel MA, Aydin C, Ozkazanc D, Gurbuz MU, Uner A, Tulu M, Calis S, Esendagli G. Tumor-Induced Myeloid Cells Are Reduced by Gemcitabine-Loaded PAMAM Dendrimers Decorated with Anti-Flt1 Antibody. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1526-1533. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Digdem Yoyen-Ermis
- Cancer Institute, Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kivilcim Ozturk-Atar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - M. Alper Kursunel
- Cancer Institute, Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cisel Aydin
- Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Didem Ozkazanc
- Cancer Institute, Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ulvi Gurbuz
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34349 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Uner
- Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Metin Tulu
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34349 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Calis
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gunes Esendagli
- Cancer Institute, Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sakellariou-Thompson D, Forget MA, Creasy C, Bernard V, Zhao L, Kim YU, Hurd MW, Uraoka N, Parra ER, Kang Y, Bristow CA, Rodriguez-Canales J, Fleming JB, Varadhachary G, Javle M, Overman MJ, Alvarez HA, Heffernan TP, Zhang J, Hwu P, Maitra A, Haymaker C, Bernatchez C. 4-1BB Agonist Focuses CD8 + Tumor-Infiltrating T-Cell Growth into a Distinct Repertoire Capable of Tumor Recognition in Pancreatic Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:7263-7275. [PMID: 28947567 PMCID: PMC6097625 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Survival for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients is extremely poor and improved therapies are urgently needed. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has shown great promise in other tumor types, such as metastatic melanoma where overall response rates of 50% have been seen. Given this success and the evidence showing that T-cell presence positively correlates with overall survival in PDAC, we sought to enrich for CD8+ TILs capable of autologous tumor recognition. In addition, we explored the phenotype and T-cell receptor repertoire of the CD8+ TILs in the tumor microenvironment.Experimental Design: We used an agonistic 4-1BB mAb during the initial tumor fragment culture to provide 4-1BB costimulation and assessed changes in TIL growth, phenotype, repertoire, and antitumor function.Results: Increased CD8+ TIL growth from PDAC tumors was achieved with the aid of an agonistic 4-1BB mAb. Expanded TILs were characterized by an activated but not terminally differentiated phenotype. Moreover, 4-1BB stimulation expanded a more clonal and distinct CD8+ TIL repertoire than IL2 alone. TILs from both culture conditions displayed MHC class I-restricted recognition of autologous tumor targets.Conclusions: Costimulation with an anti-4-1BB mAb increases the feasibility of TIL therapy by producing greater numbers of these tumor-reactive T cells. These results suggest that TIL ACT for PDAC is a potential treatment avenue worth further investigation for a patient population in dire need of improved therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(23); 7263-75. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Caitlin Creasy
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vincent Bernard
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Young Uk Kim
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark W Hurd
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Naohiro Uraoka
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Edwin Roger Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ya'an Kang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher A Bristow
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason B Fleming
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gauri Varadhachary
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Milind Javle
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael J Overman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hector A Alvarez
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
A practical approach to pancreatic cancer immunotherapy using resected tumor lysate vaccines processed to express α-gal epitopes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184901. [PMID: 29077749 PMCID: PMC5659602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Single-agent immunotherapy is ineffective against poorly immunogenic cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The aims of this study were to demonstrate the feasibility of production of novel autologous tumor lysate vaccines from resected PDAC tumors, and verify vaccine safety and efficacy. Methods Fresh surgically resected tumors obtained from human patients were processed to enzymatically synthesize α-gal epitopes on the carbohydrate chains of membrane glycoproteins. Processed membranes were analyzed for the expression of α-gal epitopes and the binding of anti-Gal, and vaccine efficacy was assessed in vitro and in vivo. Results Effective synthesis of α-gal epitopes was demonstrated after processing of PDAC tumor lysates from 10 different patients, and tumor lysates readily bound an anti-Gal monoclonal antibody. α-gal(+) PDAC tumor lysate vaccines elicited strong antibody production against multiple tumor-associated antigens and activated multiple tumor-specific T cells. The lysate vaccines stimulated a robust immune response in animal models, resulting in tumor suppression and a significant improvement in survival without any adverse events. Conclusions Our data suggest that α-gal(+) PDAC tumor lysate vaccination may be a practical and effective new immunotherapeutic approach for treating pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen Y, Xue SA, Behboudi S, Mohammad GH, Pereira SP, Morris EC. Ex Vivo PD-L1/PD-1 Pathway Blockade Reverses Dysfunction of Circulating CEA-Specific T Cells in Pancreatic Cancer Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:6178-6189. [PMID: 28710313 PMCID: PMC5683391 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a candidate target for cellular immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer. In this study, we have characterized the antigen-specific function of autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for the HLA-A2-restricted peptide, pCEA691-699, isolated from the peripheral T-cell repertoire of pancreatic cancer patients and sought to determine if ex vivo PD-L1 and TIM-3 blockade could enhance CTL function.Experimental Design: CD8+ T-cell lines were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 18 HLA-A2+ patients with pancreatic cancer and from 15 healthy controls. In vitro peptide-specific responses were evaluated by flow cytometry after staining for intracellular cytokine production and carboxy fluorescein succinimydyl ester cytotoxicity assays using pancreatic cancer cell lines as targets.Results: Cytokine-secreting functional CEA691-specific CTL lines were successfully generated from 10 of 18 pancreatic cancer patients, with two CTL lines able to recognize and kill both CEA691 peptide-loaded T2 cells and CEA+ HLA-A2+ pancreatic cancer cell lines. In the presence of ex vivo PD-L1 blockade, functional CEA691-specific CD8+ T-cell responses, including IFNγ secretion and proliferation, were enhanced, and this effect was more pronounced on Ag-specific T cells isolated from tumor draining lymph nodes.Conclusions: These data demonstrate that CEA691-specific CTL can be readily expanded from the self-restricted T-cell repertoire of pancreatic cancer patients and that their function can be enhanced by PD-L1 blockade. Clin Cancer Res; 23(20); 6178-89. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shao-An Xue
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'An University, Xi'An, P. R. China
| | | | - Goran H Mohammad
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimanyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Stephen P Pereira
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma C Morris
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yan Y, Gao R, Trinh TLP, Grant MB. Immunodeficiency in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma with Diabetes Revealed by Comparative Genomics. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:6363-6373. [PMID: 28684632 PMCID: PMC6022738 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PAAD) often are not diagnosed until their late stages, leaving no effective treatments. Currently, immunotherapy provides a promising treatment option against this malignancy. However, a set of immunotherapy agents benefit patients with many types of cancer, but not PAAD. Sharing the origin in the same organ, diabetes and PAAD tend to occur concurrently. We aimed to identify the impact of diabetes on immunotherapy of PAAD by conducting a comparative genomics analysis.Experimental Design: We analyzed level 3 PAAD genomics data (RNAseq, miRNAseq, DNA methylation, somatic copy number, and somatic mutation) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Firehose. The differential molecular profiles in PAAD with/out diabetes were performed by the differential gene expression, pathway analysis, epigenetic regulation, somatic copy-number alteration, and somatic gene mutation.Results: Differential gene expression analysis revealed a strong enrichment of immunogenic signature genes in diabetic individuals, including PD-1 and CTLA4, that were currently targetable for immunotherapy. Pathway analysis further implied that diabetic individuals were defective in immune modulation genes. Somatic copy-number aberration (SCNA) analysis showed a higher frequency of amplification and deletion occurred in the cohort without diabetes. Integrative analysis revealed strong association between differential gene expression, and epigenetic regulations, however, seemed not affected by SCNAs. Importantly, our somatic mutation analysis showed that the occurrence of diabetes in PAAD was associated with a large set of gene mutations encoding genes participating in immune modulation.Conclusions: Our analysis reveals the impact of diabetes on immunodeficiency in PAAD patients and provides novel insights into new therapeutic opportunities. Clin Cancer Res; 23(20); 6363-73. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Ruli Gao
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Thao L P Trinh
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Maria B Grant
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Skelton RA, Javed A, Zheng L, He J. Overcoming the resistance of pancreatic cancer to immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Surg Oncol 2017. [PMID: 28628715 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become a new modality of cancer treatment, but has had a limited success in treating PDAC. A combination approach to immunotherapy, using both immune checkpoint inhibitors and immune activating agonists, is needed, as PDAC does not respond to single-agent checkpoint inhibitors. Studies have also supported using vaccine-based therapies to prime the tumor microenvironment of PDAC with effector T-cells. Other therapeutic strategies including epigenetic agents, stroma modulators, radiotherapy, and T-cell transfer therapies may also prime the tumor microenvironment to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Skelton
- The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ammar Javed
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jin He
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Murakami T, Homma Y, Matsuyama R, Mori R, Miyake K, Tanaka Y, Den K, Nagashima Y, Nakazawa M, Hiroshima Y, Ueda M, Tanaka K, Hoffman RM, Bouvet M, Endo I. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy of pancreatic cancer induces a favorable immunogenic tumor microenvironment associated with increased major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A/B expression. J Surg Oncol 2017; 116:416-426. [PMID: 28608409 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are related to immune responses in malignant tumors including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between expression of components of DAMPs and TILs in pancreatic cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) versus those who did not. METHODS NACRT was administered to 51 patients with borderline-resectable pancreatic cancer and not to 33 patients with resectable pancreatic cancer. Resected specimens were analyzed for the presence of DAMPs, major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A/B (MICA/B), and CD8+ TILs, CD4+ TILs, and forkhead box P3 positive (Foxp3+ ) TILs. The Treg/TIL ratio was obtained by dividing the number of Foxp3+ TILs, a surrogate for regulatory T cells, by the sum of CD8+ and CD4+ TILs. RESULTS Overexpression of calreticulin, Hsp70, and MICA/B were all significantly correlated with NACRT administration. In the NACRT group, high MICA/B expression was associated with a low Treg/TIL ratio, indicating a favorable immunogenic tumor microenvironment. Patients with a lower Treg/TIL ratio had longer survival. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of MICA/B, a component of DAMPs induced by NACRT, may play an important role in acquiring a favorable immune response for pancreatic cancer which contributes to longer survival, suggesting the potential of immunotherapy of this recalcitrant disease, especially for patients with overexpression of DAMPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuki Homma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yusaku Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kanechika Den
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoji Nagashima
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakazawa
- Department of Experimental Animal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michio Ueda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kuniya Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Penafuerte C, Feldhammer M, Mills JR, Vinette V, Pike KA, Hall A, Migon E, Karsenty G, Pelletier J, Zogopoulos G, Tremblay ML. Downregulation of PTP1B and TC-PTP phosphatases potentiate dendritic cell-based immunotherapy through IL-12/IFNγ signaling. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1321185. [PMID: 28680757 PMCID: PMC5486178 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1321185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PTP1B and TC-PTP are highly related protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) that regulate the JAK/STAT signaling cascade essential for cytokine-receptor activation in immune cells. Here, we describe a novel immunotherapy approach whereby monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC) function is enhanced by modulating the enzymatic activities of PTP1B and TC-PTP. To downregulate or delete the activity/expression of these PTPs, we generated mice with PTP-specific deletions in the dendritic cell compartment or used PTP1B and TC-PTP specific inhibitor. While total ablation of PTP1B or TC-PTP expression leads to tolerogenic DCs via STAT3 hyperactivation, downregulation of either phosphatase remarkably shifts the balance toward an immunogenic DC phenotype due to hyperactivation of STAT4, STAT1 and Src kinase. The resulting increase in IL-12 and IFNγ production subsequently amplifies the IL-12/STAT4/IFNγ/STAT1/IL-12 positive autocrine loop and enhances the therapeutic potential of mature moDCs in tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of both PTPs improves the maturation of defective moDCs derived from pancreatic cancer (PaC) patients. Our study provides a new advance in the use of DC-based cancer immunotherapy that is complementary to current cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Feldhammer
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John R Mills
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Valerie Vinette
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kelly A Pike
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anita Hall
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, MUHC-RI, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eva Migon
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jerry Pelletier
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - George Zogopoulos
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, MUHC-RI, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel L Tremblay
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yin L, Zhao C, Han J, Li Z, Zhen Y, Xiao R, Xu Z, Sun Y. Antitumor effects of oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 2 against colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2017; 13:117-130. [PMID: 28223815 PMCID: PMC5308569 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s128575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is on the rise. Furthermore, late-stage diagnoses and limited efficacious treatment options make CRC a complex clinical challenge. Therefore, a new therapeutic regimen with a completely novel therapeutic mechanism is necessary for CRC. In the present study, the therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 2 (oHSV2) in CRC was assessed in vitro and in vivo. oHSV2 is an oncolytic agent derived from herpes simplex virus type 2 that encodes granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Materials and methods We investigated the cytopathic effects of oHSV2 in CRC cell lines using the MTT assay. Then, cell cycle progression and apoptosis of oHSV2 were examined by flow cytometry. We generated a model of CRC with mouse CRC cell CT26 in BALB/c mice. The antitumor effects and adaptive immune response of oHSV2 were assessed in tumor-bearing mice. The therapeutic efficacy of oHSV2 was compared with the traditional chemotherapeutic agent, 5-fluorouracil. Results The in vitro data showed that oHSV2 infected the CRC cell lines successfully and that the tumor cells formed a significant number of syncytiae postinfection. The oHSV2 killed cancer cells independent of the cell cycle and mainly caused tumor cells necrosis. The in vivo results showed that oHSV2 significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice without weight loss. With virus replication, oHSV2 not only resulted in a reduction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells in the spleen, but also increased the number of mature dendritic cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes and the effective CD4+T and CD8+T-cells in the tumor microenvironment. Conclusion Our study provides the first evidence that oHSV2 induces cell death in CRC in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate that oHSV2 is an effective therapeutic cancer candidate that causes an oncolytic effect and recruits adaptive immune responses for an enhanced therapeutic impact, thus providing a potential therapeutic tool for treatment of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yin
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan; Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan
| | - Chunhong Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan
| | - Jixia Han
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengjun Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan
| | - Yanan Zhen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan
| | - Ruixue Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan
| | - Zhongfa Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan
| | - Yanlai Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lopes AMM, Michelin MA, Murta EFC. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells from patients with cervical intraepithelial lesions. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1456-1462. [PMID: 28454277 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with dendritic cells (DCs) is a great promise for the treatment of neoplasms. However, the obtainment and protocol of differentiation of these cells may depend on extrinsic factors such as the tumor itself. The aim of the present study was to verify the influence of cervical neoplasia on different protocols of differentiation of monocyte-derived DCs resulting in an increased maturation phenotype. A total of 83 women were included in the study. The patients were grouped in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) (n=30), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (n=22), cervical cancer (n=10) and healthy patients (n=21) groups. The mononuclear cells of patients were subjected to three differentiation protocols. In protocol I (pI), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-4 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were used for the differentiation of mature DCs (pIDCs). In protocol II (pII), monocytes were stimulated with GM-CSF, IL-4, TNF-α and activated lymphocytes in the absence of non-adherent cells (pIIDCs). In protocol III (pIII), monocytes were stimulated with GM-CSF, IL-4, TNF-α and activated lymphocytes in the presence of non-adherent cells (pIIIDCs). These cells were evaluated by flow cytometry for the expression of maturation markers such as cluster of differentiation (CD)11c, CD86 and human leukocyte antigen-antigen D related (HLA-DR). The main cytokines secreted (IL-4, IL-12 and transforming growth factor-β) were measured by ELISA. Our results indicate a significantly lower mature profile of pIIDCs and a significant increase in CD11c+ pIIIDCs able to produce IL-12 (P=0.0007). Furthermore, a significant reduction in cervical cancer HLA-DR+ pIDCs (P=0.0113) was also observed. HSIL patients exhibited a higher percentage of HLA-DR+ pIIDCs (P=0.0113), while LSIL patients had a lower percentage of CD11c+ pIIIDCs (P=0.0411). These findings suggest that the extent of cervical lesions affects the process of differentiation of DCs. Furthermore, activated lymphocytes may induce a better maturation of monocyte-derived DCs, and the presence of mononuclear cells appears to contribute to the DC differentiation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maria Moed Lopes
- Oncology Research Institute, Federal University of The Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG 38025-440, Brazil
| | - Márcia Antoniazi Michelin
- Oncology Research Institute, Federal University of The Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG 38025-440, Brazil.,Discipline of Immunology, Clinical Hospital of Federal University of The Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG 38025-440, Brazil
| | - Eddie Fernando Cândido Murta
- Oncology Research Institute, Federal University of The Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG 38025-440, Brazil.,Discipline of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Hospital of Federal University of The Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG 38025-440, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Exosomes and breast cancer: a comprehensive review of novel therapeutic strategies from diagnosis to treatment. Cancer Gene Ther 2016; 24:6-12. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2016.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
32
|
Koido S, Okamoto M, Shimodaira S, Sugiyama H. Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1)-targeted cancer vaccines to extend survival for patients with pancreatic cancer. Immunotherapy 2016; 8:1309-1320. [DOI: 10.2217/imt-2016-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite novel chemotherapy treatments, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) remains a lethal disease. New targeted cancer vaccines may represent a viable option for patients with PDA. The Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) antigen is one of the most widely expressed tumor-associated antigens in various types of tumors, including PDA. Recent reports have indicated that WT1-targeted cancer vaccines for patients with PDA mediated a potent antitumor effect when combined with chemotherapy in preclinical and clinical studies. This review summarizes the early-phase clinical trials of WT1-targeted cancer vaccines (peptide vaccines and dendritic cell-based vaccines) for PDA. Moreover, we will discuss future strategies for PDA treatments using WT1-specific cancer vaccines combined with immune checkpoint therapies to maximize the clinical effectiveness of PDA treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Koido
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8567, Japan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine & Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8567, Japan
| | - Masato Okamoto
- Department of Advanced Immunotherapeutics, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | | | - Haruo Sugiyama
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ovarian cancer and the immune system - The role of targeted therapies. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 142:349-56. [PMID: 27174875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The majority of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer are diagnosed with advanced disease. While many of these patients will respond initially to chemotherapy, the majority will relapse and die of their disease. Targeted therapies that block or activate specific intracellular signaling pathways have been disappointing. In the past 15years, the role of the immune system in ovarian cancer has been investigated. Patients with a more robust immune response, as documented by the presence of lymphocytes infiltrating within their tumor, have increased survival and better response to chemotherapy. In addition, a strong immunosuppressive environment often accompanies ovarian cancer. Recent research has identified potential therapies that leverage the immune system to identify and destroy tumor cells that previously evaded immunosurveillance mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the role of the immune system in ovarian cancer and focus on specific pathways and molecules that show a potential for targeted therapy. We also review the ongoing clinical trials using targeted immunotherapy in ovarian cancer. The role of targeted immunotherapy in patients with ovarian cancer represents a field of growing research and clinical importance.
Collapse
|
34
|
Kajihara M, Takakura K, Kanai T, Ito Z, Matsumoto Y, Shimodaira S, Okamoto M, Ohkusa T, Koido S. Advances in inducing adaptive immunity using cell-based cancer vaccines: Clinical applications in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:4446-58. [PMID: 27182156 PMCID: PMC4858628 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i18.4446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is on the rise, and the prognosis is extremely poor because PDA is highly aggressive and notoriously difficult to treat. Although gemcitabine- or 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy is typically offered as a standard of care, most patients do not survive longer than 1 year. Therefore, the development of alternative therapeutic approaches for patients with PDA is imperative. As PDA cells express numerous tumor-associated antigens that are suitable vaccine targets, one promising treatment approach is cancer vaccines. During the last few decades, cell-based cancer vaccines have offered encouraging results in preclinical studies. Cell-based cancer vaccines are mainly generated by presenting whole tumor cells or dendritic cells to cells of the immune system. In particular, several clinical trials have explored cell-based cancer vaccines as a promising therapeutic approach for patients with PDA. Moreover, chemotherapy and cancer vaccines can synergize to result in increased efficacies in patients with PDA. In this review, we will discuss both the effect of cell-based cancer vaccines and advances in terms of future strategies of cancer vaccines for the treatment of PDA patients.
Collapse
|
35
|
Kajihara M, Takakura K, Kanai T, Ito Z, Saito K, Takami S, Shimodaira S, Okamoto M, Ohkusa T, Koido S. Dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy for colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:4275-86. [PMID: 27158196 PMCID: PMC4853685 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i17.4275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although systemic therapy is the standard care for patients with recurrent or metastatic CRC, the prognosis is extremely poor. The optimal sequence of therapy remains unknown. Therefore, alternative strategies, such as immunotherapy, are needed for patients with advanced CRC. This review summarizes evidence from dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy strategies that are currently in clinical trials. In addition, we discuss the possibility of antitumor immune responses through immunoinhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 pathway blockade in CRC patients.
Collapse
|
36
|
Eskander MF, Bliss LA, Tseng JF. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Curr Probl Surg 2016; 53:107-54. [DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
37
|
Hartley ML, Bade NA, Prins PA, Ampie L, Marshall JL. Pancreatic cancer, treatment options, and GI-4000. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:931-7. [PMID: 25933185 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1011017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although pancreatic cancer is but the eleventh most prevalent cancer in the US, it is predicted that of all the patients newly diagnosed with this disease in 2014, only 27% will still be alive at the end of the first year, which is reduced to 6% after 5 years. The choice of chemotherapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer is dependent on disease stage and patient performance status but, in general, the most widely used approved regimens include 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) combinations and gemcitabine combinations. Recent therapeutic strategies have resulted in an improvement in survival of patients with pancreatic cancer but the magnitude of change is disappointing and vast improvements are still needed. The goal of immunotherapy is to enhance and guide the body's immune system to recognize tumor-specific antigens and mount an attack against the disease. Among newer immune therapies, GI-4000 consists of 4 different targeted molecular immunogens, each containing a different Ras protein (antigen) encoded by the most commonly found mutant RAS genes in solid tumors-RAS mutations exist in over 90% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. We will review pancreatic cancer epidemiology and its current treatment options, and consider the prospects of immunotherapy, focusing on GI-4000. We discuss the potential mechanism of action of GI-4000, and the performance of this vaccination series thus far in early phase clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion L Hartley
- a The Ruesch Center for the Cure of GI Cancers at the Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center ; Georgetown University ; Washington , DC USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang F, Jin R, Zou BB, Li L, Cheng FW, Luo X, Geng X, Zhang SQ. Activation of Toll-like receptor 7 regulates the expression of IFN-λ1, p53, PTEN, VEGF, TIMP-1 and MMP-9 in pancreatic cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:1807-12. [PMID: 26718740 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical in the induction of the immune response in tumor development. TLR7 has previously been demonstrated to be associated with the development of pancreatic cancer, and the release of cytokines and chemokines from other types of cancer cell; however, the specific expression induced by TLR7 agonists in pancreatic cancer cells remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the TLR7 agonist, gardiquimod, on ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and on the expression of genes involved in the pathogenesis of cancer, including phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), p53, type Ⅲ interferon (IFN-λ1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1). The results demonstrated that activation of TLR7 upregulated the expression levels of certain genes to varying degrees; the expression levels of IFN-λ1 and MMP-9 were increased by ~3 fold, whereas other genes (p53, PTEN, TIMP-1) were upregulated by ~2 fold, and VEGF was marginally upregulated after 10 min. Furthermore, gardiquimod increased the expression levels of phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. In addition, PD98059, a specific inhibitor of ERK phosphorylation, inhibited the ability of gardiquimod to activate ERK1/2; consequently weakening the effect of gardiquimod on gene regulation. These findings indicated that the effect of TLR7 agonists, including gardiquimod, on gene expression in BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells was partly associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase-ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Bing Zou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Wei Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Geng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Quan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Koay EJ, Amer AM, Baio FE, Ondari AO, Fleming JB. Toward stratification of patients with pancreatic cancer: Past lessons from traditional approaches and future applications with physical biomarkers. Cancer Lett 2016; 381:237-43. [PMID: 26806807 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a high mortality rate and outcomes have not improved substantially for decades. Significant attention has focused on the biological drivers of the disease, and preclinical work has pointed to multiple biomarker candidates and therapeutic avenues. However, translation of these promising biomarkers and treatment strategies to patients has not been overwhelmingly successful. New strategies to account for the significant heterogeneity of the disease are needed so that rational treatments can be administered. Here, we focus on how physical sciences-based approaches may play a role in stratifying patients for clinical trials, and how this view of PDAC may reinvigorate treatment strategies that have been abandoned after "failing" to fulfill their potential in unselected patient populations. By complementing biological approaches, the development of physical biomarkers of PDAC may help deliver on the promise of personalized medicine for this devastating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene J Koay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed M Amer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Flavio E Baio
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander O Ondari
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason B Fleming
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tsukinaga S, Kajihara M, Takakura K, Ito Z, Kanai T, Saito K, Takami S, Kobayashi H, Matsumoto Y, Odahara S, Uchiyama K, Arakawa H, Okamoto M, Sugiyama H, Sumiyama K, Ohkusa T, Koido S. Prognostic significance of plasma interleukin-6/-8 in pancreatic cancer patients receiving chemoimmunotherapy. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:11168-11178. [PMID: 26494971 PMCID: PMC4607914 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i39.11168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the association of plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and -8 with Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1)-specific immune responses and clinical outcomes in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) treated with dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with three types of major histocompatibility complex class I and II-restricted WT1 peptides combined with chemotherapy.
METHODS: During the entire treatment period, plasma levels of IL-6 and -8 were analyzed by ELISA. The induction of WT1-specific immune responses was assessed using the WT1 peptide-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) test.
RESULTS: Three of 7 patients displayed strong WT1-DTH reactions throughout long-term vaccination with significantly decreased levels of IL-6/-8 after vaccinations compared with the levels prior to treatment. Moreover, overall survival (OS) was significantly longer in PDA patients with low plasma IL-6 levels (< 2 pg/mL) after 5 vaccinations than in patients with high plasma IL-6 levels (≥ 2 pg/mL) (P = 0.025). After disease progression, WT1-DTH reactions decreased severely and were ultimately negative at the terminal stage of cancer. The decreased levels of IL-6/-8 observed throughout long-term vaccination were associated with WT1-specific DTH reactions and long-term OS.
CONCLUSION: Prolonged low levels of plasma IL-6/-8 in PDA patients may be a prognostic marker for the clinical outcomes of chemoimmunotherapy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/adverse effects
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/blood
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/mortality
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/transplantation
- Deoxycytidine/administration & dosage
- Deoxycytidine/adverse effects
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Humans
- Immunologic Tests
- Immunotherapy/adverse effects
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Interleukin-6/blood
- Interleukin-8/blood
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/blood
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/mortality
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Time Factors
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Treatment Outcome
- WT1 Proteins/immunology
- Gemcitabine
Collapse
|
41
|
Abate-Daga D, Lagisetty KH, Tran E, Zheng Z, Gattinoni L, Yu Z, Burns WR, Miermont AM, Teper Y, Rudloff U, Restifo NP, Feldman SA, Rosenberg SA, Morgan RA. A novel chimeric antigen receptor against prostate stem cell antigen mediates tumor destruction in a humanized mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Hum Gene Ther 2015; 25:1003-12. [PMID: 24694017 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the understanding of its molecular pathophysiology, pancreatic cancer remains largely incurable, highlighting the need for novel therapies. We developed a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) specific for prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), a glycoprotein that is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer starting at early stages of malignant transformation. To optimize the CAR design, we used antigen-recognition domains derived from mouse or human antibodies, and intracellular signaling domains containing one or two T cell costimulatory elements, in addition to CD3zeta. Comparing multiple constructs established that the CAR based on human monoclonal antibody Ha1-4.117 had the greatest reactivity in vitro. To further analyze this CAR, we developed a human pancreatic cancer xenograft model and adoptively transferred CAR-engineered T cells into animals with established tumors. CAR-engineered human lymphocytes induced significant antitumor activity, and unlike what has been described for other CARs, a second-generation CAR (containing CD28 cosignaling domain) induced a more potent antitumor effect than a third-generation CAR (containing CD28 and 41BB cosignaling domains). While our results provide evidence to support PSCA as a target antigen for CAR-based immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer, the expression of PSCA on selected normal tissues could be a source of limiting toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Abate-Daga
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute , National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lin M, Yuan YY, Liu SP, Shi JJ, Long XA, Niu LZ, Chen JB, Li Q, Xu KC. Prospective study of the safety and efficacy of a pancreatic cancer stem cell vaccine. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 141:1827-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-1968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
43
|
Combination of antiangiogenic therapy using the mTOR-inhibitor everolimus and low-dose chemotherapy for locally advanced and/or metastatic pancreatic cancer: a dose-finding study. Anticancer Drugs 2015; 25:1095-101. [PMID: 25029236 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinomas are associated with a poor survival prognosis. Besides curative surgical resection, only limited therapies with modest impact are available. New evidence suggests that the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of neuroendocrine tumors, and breast and renal cell cancer. The phase I study described here was therefore designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of escalating doses of the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Eligible patients had histologically confirmed locally advanced and/or metastatic pancreatic carcinoma and were administered 5 mg everolimus every second day (cohort 1, 2, 3) or 5 mg daily (cohort 4, 5) in combination with escalating low-dose gemcitabine. It was found that if two patients showed DLTs, MTD was reached and gemcitabine dose escalation was stopped at this level. Twenty-seven patients were enrolled in the study (cohort 1: n=3; cohort 2: n=4; cohort 3: n=6; cohort 4: n=7; cohort 5: n=7) and received a maximum 600 mg gemcitabine/week. In cohort 5, two of the six patients experienced DLTs (grade 3 liver toxicity lasting for>7 days). MTD was measured as 400 mg/m/week gemcitabine plus 5 mg/day everolimus. The MTD of a low-dose gemcitabine treatment in combination with everolimus was determined and no new safety concerns were identified in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
44
|
Di Caro G, Castino GF, Bergomas F, Cortese N, Chiriva-Internati M, Grizzi F, Marchesi F. Immune-based therapies in pancreatic and colorectal cancers and biomarkers of responsiveness. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 14:1219-28. [PMID: 25222571 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2014.947277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immune-based strategies are the most promising treatments to improve cancer disease control. Early clinical trials are ongoing to test the safety and feasibility of immune-based therapies for gastrointestinal cancers. However, to date, immunotherapy has been only an experimental option for these diseases and a better understanding of their molecular, cellular, structural and clinical dissimilarities is crucial in the generation of tailored immunotherapeutic treatments. In this review, we will summarize the key mechanisms that regulate the action of immune system in cancer and the different immune-based approaches aimed at improving disease control in patients with advanced disease. We will then move on to discussing the current immunotherapeutic approaches in two types of gastrointestinal (colo-rectal and pancreatic) cancers, whose immune microenvironment has been lately object of intense analyses and has emerged as an important determinant of clinical outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Caro
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano 20089, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Koido S, Homma S, Okamoto M, Takakura K, Mori M, Yoshizaki S, Tsukinaga S, Odahara S, Koyama S, Imazu H, Uchiyama K, Kajihara M, Arakawa H, Misawa T, Toyama Y, Yanagisawa S, Ikegami M, Kan S, Hayashi K, Komita H, Kamata Y, Ito M, Ishidao T, Yusa SI, Shimodaira S, Gong J, Sugiyama H, Ohkusa T, Tajiri H. Treatment with chemotherapy and dendritic cells pulsed with multiple Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1)-specific MHC class I/II-restricted epitopes for pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:4228-39. [PMID: 25056373 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We performed a phase I trial to investigate the safety, clinical responses, and Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1)-specific immune responses following treatment with dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with a mixture of three types of WT1 peptides, including both MHC class I and II-restricted epitopes, in combination with chemotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Ten stage IV patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) and 1 patient with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) who were HLA-positive for A*02:01, A*02:06, A*24:02, DRB1*04:05, DRB1*08:03, DRB1*15:01, DRB1*15:02, DPB1*05:01, or DPB1*09:01 were enrolled. The patients received one course of gemcitabine followed by biweekly intradermal vaccinations with mature DCs pulsed with MHC class I (DC/WT1-I; 2 PDA and 1 ICC), II (DC/WT1-II; 1 PDA), or I/II-restricted WT1 peptides (DC/WT1-I/II; 7 PDA), and gemcitabine. RESULTS The combination therapy was well tolerated. WT1-specific IFNγ-producing CD4(+) T cells were significantly increased following treatment with DC/WT1-I/II. WT1 peptide-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was detected in 4 of the 7 patients with PDA vaccinated with DC/WT1-I/II and in 0 of the 3 patients with PDA vaccinated with DC/WT1-I or DC/WT1-II. The WT1-specific DTH-positive patients showed significantly improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared with the negative control patients. In particular, all 3 patients with PDA with strong DTH reactions had a median OS of 717 days. CONCLUSIONS The activation of WT1-specific immune responses by DC/WT1-I/II combined with chemotherapy may be associated with disease stability in advanced pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Koido
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, Departments of Oncology,
| | | | - Masato Okamoto
- Department of Advanced Immunotherapeutics, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy
| | - Kazuki Takakura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Masako Mori
- Research and Development Division, Tella Inc., Tokyo
| | | | - Shintaro Tsukinaga
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Shunichi Odahara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | | | - Kan Uchiyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Mikio Kajihara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sei-Ichi Yusa
- Research and Development Division, Tella Inc., Tokyo
| | | | - Jianlin Gong
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Haruo Sugiyama
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Toshifumi Ohkusa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Hisao Tajiri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lutz ER, Wu AA, Bigelow E, Sharma R, Mo G, Soares K, Solt S, Dorman A, Wamwea A, Yager A, Laheru D, Wolfgang CL, Wang J, Hruban RH, Anders RA, Jaffee EM, Zheng L. Immunotherapy converts nonimmunogenic pancreatic tumors into immunogenic foci of immune regulation. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:616-31. [PMID: 24942756 PMCID: PMC4082460 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is considered a "nonimmunogenic" neoplasm. Single-agent immunotherapies have failed to demonstrate significant clinical activity in PDAC and other "nonimmunogenic" tumors, in part due to a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) that provides a formidable barrier to immune infiltration and function. We designed a neoadjuvant and adjuvant clinical trial comparing an irradiated, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-secreting, allogeneic PDAC vaccine (GVAX) given as a single agent or in combination with low-dose cyclophosphamide to deplete regulatory T cells (Treg) as a means to study how the TME is altered by immunotherapy. Examination of resected PDACs revealed the formation of vaccine-induced intratumoral tertiary lymphoid aggregates in 33 of 39 patients 2 weeks after vaccine treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis showed these aggregates to be regulatory structures of adaptive immunity. Microarray analysis of microdissected aggregates identified gene-expression signatures in five signaling pathways involved in regulating immune-cell activation and trafficking that were associated with improved postvaccination responses. A suppressed Treg pathway and an enhanced Th17 pathway within these aggregates were associated with improved survival, enhanced postvaccination mesothelin-specific T-cell responses, and increased intratumoral Teff:Treg ratios. This study provides the first example of immune-based therapy converting a "nonimmunogenic" neoplasm into an "immunogenic" neoplasm by inducing infiltration of T cells and development of tertiary lymphoid structures in the TME. Post-GVAX T-cell infiltration and aggregate formation resulted in the upregulation of immunosuppressive regulatory mechanisms, including the PD-1-PD-L1 pathway, suggesting that patients with vaccine-primed PDAC may be better candidates than vaccine-naïve patients for immune checkpoint and other immunomodulatory therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Lutz
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center; The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care; The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Annie A Wu
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Oncology, Surgery; The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
| | - Elaine Bigelow
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
| | | | - Guanglan Mo
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center; The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care
| | - Kevin Soares
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Oncology, Surgery; The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center; The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care; The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Sara Solt
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center; The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care
| | - Alvin Dorman
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center; The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care
| | - Anthony Wamwea
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center; The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care
| | - Allison Yager
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
| | - Daniel Laheru
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center; The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care
| | - Christopher L Wolfgang
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Oncology, Surgery; The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center; The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ralph H Hruban
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Oncology, Pathology, and The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center; The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Robert A Anders
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Oncology, Pathology, and The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center; The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Oncology, Pathology, and The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center; The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care; The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Lei Zheng
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Oncology, Surgery; The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center; The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care; The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Louzoun Y, Xue C, Lesinski GB, Friedman A. A mathematical model for pancreatic cancer growth and treatments. J Theor Biol 2014; 351:74-82. [PMID: 24594371 PMCID: PMC4011486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most deadly types of cancer and has extremely poor prognosis. This malignancy typically induces only limited cellular immune responses, the magnitude of which can increase with the number of encountered cancer cells. On the other hand, pancreatic cancer is highly effective at evading immune responses by inducing polarization of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages into anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, and promoting expansion of myeloid derived suppressor cells, which block the killing of cancer cells by cytotoxic T cells. These factors allow immune evasion to predominate, promoting metastasis and poor responsiveness to chemotherapies and immunotherapies. In this paper we develop a mathematical model of pancreatic cancer, and use it to qualitatively explain a variety of biomedical and clinical data. The model shows that drugs aimed at suppressing cancer growth are effective only if the immune induced cancer cell death lies within a specific range, that is, the immune system has a specific window of opportunity to effectively suppress cancer under treatment. The model results suggest that tumor growth rate is affected by complex feedback loops between the tumor cells, endothelial cells and the immune response. The relative strength of the different loops determines the cancer growth rate and its response to immunotherapy. The model could serve as a starting point to identify optimal nodes for intervention against pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoram Louzoun
- Department of Mathematics and Gonda brain research institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Chuan Xue
- Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Avner Friedman
- Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Xu YF, Lu Y, Cheng H, Shi S, Xu J, Long J, Liu L, Liu C, Yu X. Abnormal distribution of peripheral lymphocyte subsets induced by PDAC modulates overall survival. Pancreatology 2014; 14:295-301. [PMID: 25062880 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2014.05.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The impairment of the immune system is prevalent in patients with malignancies, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The present study aimed to evaluate alternations of peripheral lymphocyte subsets in patients with PDAC, and also to assess the prognostic value of observed changes. METHODS We recruited 160 consecutive PDAC patients who had undergone radical surgical resection between 2010 and 2013. To investigate the prognostic factors, we detected the peripheral lymphocyte subsets in PDAC by flow cytometry, including T cells (CD3(+), CD3(+)CD4(+), CD3(+)CD8(+), CD8(+)CD28(+)), regulatory T cells (Tregs, CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(-)), natural killer cells (NK cells, CD3(-)CD56(+)) and B cells (CD19(+)). We also evaluated the clinical and pathological features of these patients. Survival analysis was performed by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Our results indicated the profile of peripheral lymphocyte subsets undergone profound changes in PDAC patients. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated the levels of peripheral lymphocyte subsets (CD19(+) B cells, Tregs and CD8(+)CD28(+) T cells) were independent predictors for overall survival. The results also suggested that the systemic impairment of immune system in patients with PDAC, was reversed when primary tumor was removed. CONCLUSIONS The present study provided some evidences that the impairment of host immunity induced by PDAC may play a role in the survival of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Feng Xu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - He Cheng
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jiang Long
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lesina M, Wörmann SM, Neuhöfer P, Song L, Algül H. Interleukin-6 in inflammatory and malignant diseases of the pancreas. Semin Immunol 2014; 26:80-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
50
|
Staphylococcal entorotoxin B anchored exosome induces apoptosis in negative esterogen receptor breast cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:3699-707. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|