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de Almeida LGN, Thode H, Eslambolchi Y, Chopra S, Young D, Gill S, Devel L, Dufour A. Matrix Metalloproteinases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:712-768. [PMID: 35738680 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The first matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) was discovered in 1962 from the tail of a tadpole by its ability to degrade collagen. As their name suggests, matrix metalloproteinases are proteases capable of remodeling the extracellular matrix. More recently, MMPs have been demonstrated to play numerous additional biologic roles in cell signaling, immune regulation, and transcriptional control, all of which are unrelated to the degradation of the extracellular matrix. In this review, we will present milestones and major discoveries of MMP research, including various clinical trials for the use of MMP inhibitors. We will discuss the reasons behind the failures of most MMP inhibitors for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. There are still misconceptions about the pathophysiological roles of MMPs and the best strategies to inhibit their detrimental functions. This review aims to discuss MMPs in preclinical models and human pathologies. We will discuss new biochemical tools to track their proteolytic activity in vivo and ex vivo, in addition to future pharmacological alternatives to inhibit their detrimental functions in diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in most inflammatory, autoimmune, cancers, and pathogen-mediated diseases. Initially overlooked, MMP contributions can be both beneficial and detrimental in disease progression and resolution. Thousands of MMP substrates have been suggested, and a few hundred have been validated. After more than 60 years of MMP research, there remain intriguing enigmas to solve regarding their biological functions in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz G N de Almeida
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Hayley Thode
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Yekta Eslambolchi
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Sameeksha Chopra
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Daniel Young
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Sean Gill
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Laurent Devel
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
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Young D, Das N, Anowai A, Dufour A. Matrix Metalloproteases as Influencers of the Cells' Social Media. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3847. [PMID: 31394726 PMCID: PMC6720954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been studied in the context of cancer due to their ability to increase cell invasion, and were initially thought to facilitate metastasis solely through the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMPs have also been investigated in the context of their ECM remodeling activity in several acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. However, after several MMP inhibitors failed in phase III clinical trials, a global reassessment of their biological functions was undertaken, which has revealed multiple unanticipated functions including the processing of chemokines, cytokines, and cell surface receptors. Despite what their name suggests, the matrix aspect of MMPs could contribute to a lesser part of their physiological functions in inflammatory diseases, as originally anticipated. Here, we present examples of MMP substrates implicated in cell signaling, independent of their ECM functions, and discuss the impact for the use of MMP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Young
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Nabangshu Das
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Anthonia Anowai
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Maldonado M, Salgado-Aguayo A, Herrera I, Cabrera S, Ortíz-Quintero B, Staab-Weijnitz CA, Eickelberg O, Ramírez R, Manicone AM, Selman M, Pardo A. Upregulation and Nuclear Location of MMP28 in Alveolar Epithelium of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 59:77-86. [PMID: 29373068 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0223oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive aging-associated disease of unknown etiology. A growing body of evidence indicates that aberrant activated alveolar epithelial cells induce the expansion and activation of the fibroblast population, leading to the destruction of the lung architecture. Some matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are upregulated in IPF, indicating that they may be important in the pathogenesis and/or progression of IPF. In the present study, we examined the expression of MMP28 in this disease and evaluated its functional effects in two alveolar epithelial cell lines and in human primary bronchial epithelial cells. We found that the enzyme is expressed in bronchial (apical and cytoplasmic localization) and alveolar (cytoplasmic and nuclear localization) epithelial cells in two different groups of patients with IPF. In vitro MMP28 epithelial silencing decreased the proliferation rate and delayed wound closing, whereas overexpression showed opposite effects, protecting from apoptosis and enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Our findings demonstrate that MMP28 is upregulated in epithelial cells from IPF lungs, where it may play a role in increasing the proliferative and migratory phenotype in a catalysis-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Maldonado
- 1 Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alfonso Salgado-Aguayo
- 2 Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Iliana Herrera
- 2 Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sandra Cabrera
- 1 Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Blanca Ortíz-Quintero
- 2 Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Claudia A Staab-Weijnitz
- 3 Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- 3 Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,4 Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Remedios Ramírez
- 1 Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Anne M Manicone
- 5 Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Moisés Selman
- 2 Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Annie Pardo
- 1 Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Overexpression of MMP21 and MMP28 is associated with gastric cancer progression and poor prognosis. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7776-7782. [PMID: 29731903 PMCID: PMC5920775 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-21 and MMP-28, or epilysin, are overexpressed during the invasion and metastasis of solid tumors. The present study investigated MMP-21 and MMP-28 expression levels in human gastric cancer using tissue microarray (TMA) analysis, and determined their association with clinicopathological characteristics and patient prognosis. TMA blocks, including 436 cases of gastric cancer and 92 non-cancerous adjacent gastric tissues, were investigated using immunohistochemistry. Staining results were analyzed statistically in association with various clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival. The MMP-21 and MMP-28 positive detection rate was 31.9% (139/436) and 34.4% (150/436), respectively, in the gastric carcinoma tissue specimens. MMP-21 and MMP-28 expression levels were negative in the 92 normal gastric tissue samples. In patients with gastric cancer, positive expression of MMP-21 and MMP-28 was correlated with tumor diameter, depth of invasion, vessel invasion, lymph node and distant metastases and tumor-node-metastasis stage. The overall survival rate was significantly lower in MMP-21 and MMP-28-positive compared with negative patients. Cox multivariate analysis revealed that MMP-21 and MMP-28 levels were independent predictors of survival in patients with gastric cancer. These findings emphasize the importance of MMP-21 and MMP-28, which may serve as novel and independent prognostic markers for the invasion and metastasis of human gastric cancer.
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Mishra S, Tripathi R, Singh S. Crosstalk of proteins, miRNAs involved in metastatic and epithelial–mesenchymal transition pathways. FRONTIERS IN LIFE SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2016.1256843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Siner JI, Samelson-Jones BJ, Crudele JM, French RA, Lee BJ, Zhou S, Merricks E, Raymer R, Nichols TC, Camire RM, Arruda VR. Circumventing furin enhances factor VIII biological activity and ameliorates bleeding phenotypes in hemophilia models. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e89371. [PMID: 27734034 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Processing by the proprotein convertase furin is believed to be critical for the biological activity of multiple proteins involved in hemostasis, including coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). This belief prompted the retention of the furin recognition motif (amino acids 1645-1648) in the design of B-domain-deleted FVIII (FVIII-BDD) products in current clinical use and in the drug development pipeline, as well as in experimental FVIII gene therapy strategies. Here, we report that processing by furin is in fact deleterious to FVIII-BDD secretion and procoagulant activity. Inhibition of furin increases the secretion and decreases the intracellular retention of FVIII-BDD protein in mammalian cells. Our new variant (FVIII-ΔF), in which this recognition motif is removed, efficiently circumvents furin. FVIII-ΔF demonstrates increased recombinant protein yields, enhanced clotting activity, and higher circulating FVIII levels after adeno-associated viral vector-based liver gene therapy in a murine model of severe hemophilia A (HA) compared with FVIII-BDD. Moreover, we observed an amelioration of the bleeding phenotype in severe HA dogs with sustained therapeutic FVIII levels after FVIII-ΔF gene therapy at a lower vector dose than previously employed in this model. The immunogenicity of FVIII-ΔF did not differ from that of FVIII-BDD as a protein or a gene therapeutic. Thus, contrary to previous suppositions, FVIII variants that can avoid furin processing are likely to have enhanced translational potential for HA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua I Siner
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamin J Samelson-Jones
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julie M Crudele
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert A French
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamin J Lee
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shanzhen Zhou
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Robin Raymer
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Rodney M Camire
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Valder R Arruda
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ortutay Z, Oksanen A, Aittomäki S, Ortutay C, Pesu M. Proprotein convertase FURIN regulates T cell receptor-induced transactivation. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:73-83. [PMID: 25926688 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2a0514-257rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen emergence rapidly stimulates T cells, which leads to changes in cytokine production, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Some of the key molecules involved in these events, such as TGF-β1 and NOTCH1, are synthesized initially as inactive precursors and are proteolytically activated during T cell activation. PCSKs regulate proprotein maturation by catalyzing the proteolytic cleavage of their substrates. The prototype PCSK FURIN is induced upon TCR activation, and its expression in T cells is critical for the maintenance of peripheral immune tolerance. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that FURIN regulates T cell activation. Our data demonstrate that IL-2 is increased initially in FURIN-deficient mouse CD4(+) T cells, but the TCR-induced IL-2 mRNA expression is not sustained in the absence of FURIN. Accordingly, the inhibition of FURIN in human Jurkat T cell lines also results in a decrease in IL-2 production, whereas the overexpression of WT FURIN is associated with elevated IL-2 levels. In Jurkat cells, FURIN is dispensable for immediate TCR signaling steps, such as ERK, ZAP70, or LAT phosphorylation. However, with the use of gene reporter assays, we demonstrate that FURIN regulates the AP-1, NFAT, and NF-κB transcription factors. Finally, by performing a transcription factor-binding site enrichment analysis on FURIN-dependent transcriptomes, we identify the FURIN-regulated transcription factors in mouse CD4(+) T cell subsets. Collectively, our work confirms the hypothesis that the TCR-regulated protease FURIN plays an important role in T cell activation and that it can specifically modulate TCR-activated transactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Ortutay
- *Immunoregulation, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland; HiDucator Oy, Kangasala, Finland; and Department of Dermatology and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anna Oksanen
- *Immunoregulation, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland; HiDucator Oy, Kangasala, Finland; and Department of Dermatology and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Saara Aittomäki
- *Immunoregulation, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland; HiDucator Oy, Kangasala, Finland; and Department of Dermatology and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Csaba Ortutay
- *Immunoregulation, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland; HiDucator Oy, Kangasala, Finland; and Department of Dermatology and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marko Pesu
- *Immunoregulation, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland; HiDucator Oy, Kangasala, Finland; and Department of Dermatology and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
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Spinale FG. Epilysin (Matrix Metalloproteinase-28) Joins the Matrix Metalloproteinase Team on the Field of Postmyocardial Infarction Remodeling. Circ Res 2013; 112:579-82. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.300811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis G. Spinale
- From the Cardiovascular Translational Research Center (F.G.S.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (F.G.S.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center (F.G.S.), Columbia, SC
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Ma Y, Chiao YA, Zhang J, Manicone AM, Jin YF, Lindsey ML. Matrix metalloproteinase-28 deletion amplifies inflammatory and extracellular matrix responses to cardiac aging. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2012; 18:81-90. [PMID: 22153350 PMCID: PMC3972008 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927611012220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To determine if matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-28 mediates cardiac aging, wild-type (WT) and MMP-28-/- young (7 ± 1 months, n = 9 each) and old (20 ± 2 months, n = 7 each) female mice were evaluated. MMP-28 expression in the left ventricle (LV) increased 42% in old WT mice compared to young controls (p < 0.05). By Doppler echocardiography, LV function declined at 20 ± 2 months of age for both groups. However, dobutamine stress responses were similar, indicating that cardiac reserve was maintained. Plasma proteomic profiling revealed that macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 α, MIP-1β and MMP-9 plasma levels did not change in WT old mice but were significantly elevated in MMP-28-/- old mice (all p < 0.05), suggestive of a higher inflammatory status when MMP-28 is deleted. RT2-PCR gene array and immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that MIP-1α and MMP-9 gene and protein levels in the LV were also higher in MMP-28-/- old mice (all p < 0.05). Macrophage numbers in the LV increased similarly in WT and MMP-28-/- old mice, compared to respective young controls (both p < 0.05). Collagen content was not different among the WT and MMP-28-/- young and old mice. In conclusion, LV inflammation increases with age, and MMP-28 deletion further elevates inflammation and extracellular matrix responses, without altering macrophage numbers or collagen content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Ma
- Barshop Institute of Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Ying Ann Chiao
- Barshop Institute of Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Barshop Institute of Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Anne M. Manicone
- Center for Lung Biology and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yu-Fang Jin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Merry L. Lindsey
- Barshop Institute of Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
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Barrasa JI, Olmo N, Santiago-Gómez A, Lecona E, Anglard P, Turnay J, Lizarbe MA. Histone deacetylase inhibitors upregulate MMP11 gene expression through Sp1/Smad complexes in human colon adenocarcinoma cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1823:570-81. [PMID: 22227581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MMP-11 (stromelysin-3) is a matrix metalloproteinase associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. Its expression was initially described exclusively in stromal cells surrounding tumors, but more recently it has also been detected in macrophages and hepatocarcinoma cells. Here we show MMP-11 expression in human epithelial colon adenocarcinoma cell lines (Caco-2, HT-29 and BCS-TC2). Treatment of BCS-TC2 cells with butyrate and trichostatin A (TSA) (histone deacetylase inhibitors) increases MMP11 promoter activity and protein expression. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and supershift assays, we demonstrate for the first time that Sp1 is able to bind to the GC-boxes within the MMP11 proximal promoter region; this binding has been confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Sp1 is involved in MMP11 basal expression and it is essential for the upregulation of transcription by histone deacetylase inhibitors as deduced from mutant constructs lacking the Sp1 sites and by inhibition of its binding to the promoter with mithramycin. This regulation requires the formation of Sp1/Smad2 heterocomplexes, which is stimulated by an increase in the acetylation status of Smad after butyrate or TSA treatments. We have also found that ERK1/2-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), but not p38-MAPK or JNK, is involved in the upregulation of MMP11 by HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I Barrasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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