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Shanker OR, Kumar S, Banerjee J, Tripathi M, Chandra PS, Dixit AB. Role of non-receptor tyrosine kinases in epilepsy: significance and potential as therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:283-294. [PMID: 38629385 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2343952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition characterized by a persistent propensity for seizure generation. About one-third of patients do not achieve seizure control with the first-line treatment options, which include >20 antiseizure medications. It is therefore imperative that new medications with novel targets and mechanisms of action are developed. AREAS COVERED Clinical studies and preclinical research increasingly implicate Non-receptor tyrosine kinases (nRTKs) in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. To date, several nRTK members have been linked to processes relevant to the development of epilepsy. Therefore, in this review, we provide insight into the molecular mechanisms by which the various nRTK subfamilies can contribute to the pathogenesis of epilepsy. We further highlight the prospective use of specific nRTK inhibitors in the treatment of epilepsy deriving evidence from existing literature providing a rationale for their use as therapeutic targets. EXPERT OPINION Specific small-molecule inhibitors of NRTKs can be employed for the targeted therapy as already seen in other diseases by examining the precise molecular pathways regulated by them contributing to the development of epilepsy. However, the evidence supporting NRTKs as therapeutic targets are limiting in nature thus, necessitating more research to fully comprehend their function in the development and propagation of seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozasvi R Shanker
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonali Kumar
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Banerjee
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - P Sarat Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Aparna Banerjee Dixit
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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2
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Balasooriya ER, Madhusanka D, López-Palacios TP, Eastmond RJ, Jayatunge D, Owen JJ, Gashler JS, Egbert CM, Bulathsinghalage C, Liu L, Piccolo SR, Andersen JL. Integrating Clinical Cancer and PTM Proteomics Data Identifies a Mechanism of ACK1 Kinase Activation. Mol Cancer Res 2024; 22:137-151. [PMID: 37847650 PMCID: PMC10831333 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Beyond the most common oncogenes activated by mutation (mut-drivers), there likely exists a variety of low-frequency mut-drivers, each of which is a possible frontier for targeted therapy. To identify new and understudied mut-drivers, we developed a machine learning (ML) model that integrates curated clinical cancer data and posttranslational modification (PTM) proteomics databases. We applied the approach to 62,746 patient cancers spanning 84 cancer types and predicted 3,964 oncogenic mutations across 1,148 genes, many of which disrupt PTMs of known and unknown function. The list of putative mut-drivers includes established drivers and others with poorly understood roles in cancer. This ML model is available as a web application. As a case study, we focused the approach on nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (NRTK) and found a recurrent mutation in activated CDC42 kinase-1 (ACK1) that disrupts the Mig6 homology region (MHR) and ubiquitin-association (UBA) domains on the ACK1 C-terminus. By studying these domains in cultured cells, we found that disruption of the MHR domain helps activate the kinase while disruption of the UBA increases kinase stability by blocking its lysosomal degradation. This ACK1 mutation is analogous to lymphoma-associated mutations in its sister kinase, TNK1, which also disrupt a C-terminal inhibitory motif and UBA domain. This study establishes a mut-driver discovery tool for the research community and identifies a mechanism of ACK1 hyperactivation shared among ACK family kinases. IMPLICATIONS This research identifies a potentially targetable activating mutation in ACK1 and other possible oncogenic mutations, including PTM-disrupting mutations, for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eranga R. Balasooriya
- The Fritz B. Burns Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dept. of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deshan Madhusanka
- The Fritz B. Burns Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Tania P. López-Palacios
- The Fritz B. Burns Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Riley J. Eastmond
- The Fritz B. Burns Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Dasun Jayatunge
- The Fritz B. Burns Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jake J. Owen
- The Fritz B. Burns Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Jack S. Gashler
- The Fritz B. Burns Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Christina M. Egbert
- The Fritz B. Burns Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | | | - Lu Liu
- Department of Computer Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | | | - Joshua L. Andersen
- The Fritz B. Burns Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
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3
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Nawarathnage S, Tseng YJ, Soleimani S, Smith T, Romo MJP, Abiodun WO, Egbert CM, Madhusanka D, Bunn D, Woods B, Tsubaki E, Stewart C, Brown S, Doukov T, Andersen JL, Moody JD. Fusion crystallization reveals the behavior of both the 1TEL crystallization chaperone and the TNK1 UBA domain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.14.544429. [PMID: 37398013 PMCID: PMC10312729 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.14.544429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Human thirty-eight-negative kinase-1 (TNK1) is implicated in cancer progression. The TNK1-UBA domain binds polyubiquitin and plays a regulatory role in TNK1 activity and stability. Sequence analysis suggests an unusual architecture for the TNK1 UBA domain, but an experimentally-validated molecular structure is undetermined. To gain insight into TNK1 regulation, we fused the UBA domain to the 1TEL crystallization chaperone and obtained crystals diffracting as far as 1.53 Å. A 1TEL search model enabled solution of the X-ray phases. GG and GSGG linkers allowed the UBA to reproducibly find a productive binding mode against its host 1TEL polymer and to crystallize at protein concentrations as low as 0.1 mg/mL. Our studies support a mechanism of TELSAM fusion crystallization and show that TELSAM fusion crystals require fewer crystal contacts than traditional protein crystals. Modeling and experimental validation suggest the UBA domain may be selective for both the length and linkages of polyubiquitin chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supeshala Nawarathnage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yi Jie Tseng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sara Soleimani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Tobin Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Maria J Pedroza Romo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Wisdom Oshireku Abiodun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Christina M. Egbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Deshan Madhusanka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Derick Bunn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Bridger Woods
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Evan Tsubaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Cameron Stewart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Seth Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Tzanko Doukov
- Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Molecular Biology Resource, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park, California, United States of America
| | - Joshua L. Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - James D. Moody
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
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4
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Ide M, Tabata N, Yonemura Y, Shirasaki T, Murai K, Wang Y, Ishida A, Okada H, Honda M, Kaneko S, Doi N, Ito S, Yanagawa H. Guanine nucleotide exchange factor DOCK11-binding peptide fused with a single chain antibody inhibits Hepatitis B Virus infection and replication. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102097. [PMID: 35660020 PMCID: PMC9241042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health problem with no established cure. Dedicator of cytokinesis 11 (DOCK11), known as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Cdc42, is reported to be essential for the maintenance of HBV. However, potential therapeutic strategies targeting DOCK11 have not yet been explored. We have previously developed an in vitro virus method as a more efficient tool for the analysis of proteomics and evolutionary protein engineering. In this study, using the in vitro virus method, we screened and identified a novel antiasialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGR) antibody, ASGR3-10M, and a DOCK11-binding peptide, DCS8-42A, for potential use in HBV infection. We further constructed a fusion protein (10M-D42AN) consisting of ASGR3-10M, DCS8-42A, a fusogenic peptide, and a nuclear localization signal to deliver the peptide inside hepatocytes. We show using immunofluorescence staining that 10M-D42AN was endocytosed into early endosomes and released into the cytoplasm and nucleus. Since DCS8-42A shares homology with activated cdc42-associated kinase 1 (Ack1), which promotes EGFR endocytosis required for HBV infection, we also found that 10M-D42AN inhibited endocytosis of EGFR and Ack1. Furthermore, we show 10M-D42AN suppressed the function of DOCK11 in the host DNA repair system required for covalently closed circular DNA synthesis and suppressed HBV proliferation in mice. In conclusion, this study realizes a novel hepatocyte-specific drug delivery system using an anti-ASGR antibody, a fusogenic peptide, and DOCK11-binding peptide to provide a novel treatment for HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Ide
- Research Department, Purotech Bio Inc, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Noriko Tabata
- Research Department, Purotech Bio Inc, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yuko Yonemura
- Research Department, Purotech Bio Inc, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Shirasaki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0942, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Murai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0942, Japan
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0942, Japan
| | - Atsuya Ishida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0942, Japan
| | - Hikari Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Masao Honda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0942, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Nobuhide Doi
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Satoru Ito
- Research Department, Purotech Bio Inc, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yanagawa
- Research Department, Purotech Bio Inc, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
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5
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Umarao P, Rath PP, Gourinath S. Cdc42/Rac Interactive Binding Containing Effector Proteins in Unicellular Protozoans With Reference to Human Host: Locks of the Rho Signaling. Front Genet 2022; 13:781885. [PMID: 35186026 PMCID: PMC8847673 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.781885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases are the key to actin cytoskeleton signaling, which opens the lock of effector proteins to forward the signal downstream in several cellular pathways. Actin cytoskeleton assembly is associated with cell polarity, adhesion, movement and other functions in eukaryotic cells. Rho proteins, specifically Cdc42 and Rac, are the primary regulators of actin cytoskeleton dynamics in higher and lower eukaryotes. Effector proteins, present in an inactive state gets activated after binding to the GTP bound Cdc42/Rac to relay a signal downstream. Cdc42/Rac interactive binding (CRIB) motif is an essential conserved sequence found in effector proteins to interact with Cdc42 or Rac. A diverse range of Cdc42/Rac and their effector proteins have evolved from lower to higher eukaryotes. The present study has identified and further classified CRIB containing effector proteins in lower eukaryotes, focusing on parasitic protozoans causing neglected tropical diseases and taking human proteins as a reference point to the highest evolved organism in the evolutionary trait. Lower eukaryotes’ CRIB containing proteins fall into conventional effector molecules, PAKs (p21 activated kinase), Wiskoit-Aldrich Syndrome proteins family, and some have unique domain combinations unlike any known proteins. We also highlight the correlation between the effector protein isoforms and their selective specificity for Cdc42 or Rac proteins during evolution. Here, we report CRIB containing effector proteins; ten in Dictyostelium and Entamoeba, fourteen in Acanthamoeba, one in Trypanosoma and Giardia. CRIB containing effector proteins that have been studied so far in humans are potential candidates for drug targets in cancer, neurological disorders, and others. Conventional CRIB containing proteins from protozoan parasites remain largely elusive and our data provides their identification and classification for further in-depth functional validations. The tropical diseases caused by protozoan parasites lack combinatorial drug targets as effective paradigms. Targeting signaling mechanisms operative in these pathogens can provide greater molecules in combatting their infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Umarao
- Structural Biology Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Pragyan Parimita Rath
- Structural Biology Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Samudrala Gourinath
- Structural Biology Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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6
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Wang A, Pei J, Shuai W, Lin C, Feng L, Wang Y, Lin F, Ouyang L, Wang G. Small Molecules Targeting Activated Cdc42-Associated Kinase 1 (ACK1/TNK2) for the Treatment of Cancers. J Med Chem 2021; 64:16328-16348. [PMID: 34735773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Activated Cdc42-associated kinase 1 (ACK1/TNK2) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase with a unique structure. It not only can act as an activated transmembrane effector of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) to transmit various RTK signals but also can play a corresponding role in epigenetic regulation. A number of studies have shown that ACK1 is a carcinogenic factor. Blockage of ACK1 has been proven to be able to inhibit cancer cell survival, proliferation, migration, and radiation resistance. Thus, ACK1 is a promising potential antitumor target. To date, despite many efforts to develop ACK1 inhibitors, no specific small molecule inhibitors have entered clinical trials. This Perspective provides an overview of the structural features, biological functions, and association with diseases of ACK1 and in vitro and in vivo activities, selectivity, and therapeutic potential of small molecule ACK1 inhibitors with different chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junping Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Congcong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Feng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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7
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TNK1 is a ubiquitin-binding and 14-3-3-regulated kinase that can be targeted to block tumor growth. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5337. [PMID: 34504101 PMCID: PMC8429728 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TNK1 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase with poorly understood biological function and regulation. Here, we identify TNK1 dependencies in primary human cancers. We also discover a MARK-mediated phosphorylation on TNK1 at S502 that promotes an interaction between TNK1 and 14-3-3, which sequesters TNK1 and inhibits its kinase activity. Conversely, the release of TNK1 from 14-3-3 allows TNK1 to cluster in ubiquitin-rich puncta and become active. Active TNK1 induces growth factor-independent proliferation of lymphoid cells in cell culture and mouse models. One unusual feature of TNK1 is a ubiquitin-association domain (UBA) on its C-terminus. Here, we characterize the TNK1 UBA, which has high affinity for poly-ubiquitin. Point mutations that disrupt ubiquitin binding inhibit TNK1 activity. These data suggest a mechanism in which TNK1 toggles between 14-3-3-bound (inactive) and ubiquitin-bound (active) states. Finally, we identify a TNK1 inhibitor, TP-5801, which shows nanomolar potency against TNK1-transformed cells and suppresses tumor growth in vivo.
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8
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Ling S, He Y, Li X, Ma Y, Li Y, Kong B, Huang P. Significant Gene Biomarker Tyrosine Kinase Non-receptor 2 Mediated Cell Proliferation and Invasion in Colon Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:653657. [PMID: 34421982 PMCID: PMC8371684 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.653657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the expression and biological functions of TNK2 and miR-125a-3p in colon cancer. Materials and methods: The expression of TNK2 and miR-125a-3p in colon cancer tissues was analyzed using data deposited on public databases including UALCAN and ONCOMINE. We verified their expression in colon cancer cell lines by RT-qPCR and western blotting. By regulating the expression of TNK2 and miR-125a-3p in colon cancer cells, their functions and potential mechanisms were explored. Results:TNK2 was overexpressed in colon cancer cell lines, and it was found to directly bind to miR-125a-3p, which was downregulated in these cell lines. Their expression affected the proliferation and invasion of colon cancer cells. Additionally, colon cancer patients with lower TNK2 expression had better prognoses than those with higher TNK2 expression. Conclusion: Our results indicated that TNK2 and miR-125a-3p play critical roles in colon cancer, and could also serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of this malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkai Ling
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanru He
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Kong
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Department of General Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peilin Huang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Montrose K, López Cabezas RM, Paukštytė J, Saarikangas J. Winter is coming: Regulation of cellular metabolism by enzyme polymerization in dormancy and disease. Exp Cell Res 2020; 397:112383. [PMID: 33212148 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism feeds growth. Accordingly, metabolism is regulated by nutrient-sensing pathways that converge growth promoting signals into biosynthesis by regulating the activity of metabolic enzymes. When the environment does not support growth, organisms invest in survival. For cells, this entails transitioning into a dormant, quiescent state (G0). In dormancy, the activity of biosynthetic pathways is dampened, and catabolic metabolism and stress tolerance pathways are activated. Recent work in yeast has demonstrated that dormancy is associated with alterations in the physicochemical properties of the cytoplasm, including changes in pH, viscosity and macromolecular crowding. Accompanying these changes, numerous metabolic enzymes transition from soluble to polymerized assemblies. These large-scale self-assemblies are dynamic and depolymerize when cells resume growth. Here we review how enzyme polymerization enables metabolic plasticity by tuning carbohydrate, nucleic acid, amino acid and lipid metabolic pathways, with particular focus on its potential adaptive value in cellular dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher Montrose
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland; Research Programme in Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rosa María López Cabezas
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland; Research Programme in Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jurgita Paukštytė
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland; Research Programme in Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Saarikangas
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland; Research Programme in Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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10
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Li Z, Powell CE, Groendyke BJ, Gero TW, Feru F, Feutrill J, Chen B, Li B, Szabo H, Gray NS, Scott DA. Discovery of a series of benzopyrimidodiazepinone TNK2 inhibitors via scaffold morphing. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127456. [PMID: 32739400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase TNK2 (ACK1) is an emerging drug target for a variety of indications, in particular for cancer where it plays a key role transmitting cell survival, growth and proliferative signals via modification of multiple downstream effectors by unique tyrosine phosphorylation events. Scaffold morphing based on our previous TNK2 inhibitor XMD8-87 identified urea 17 from which we developed the potent and selective compound 32. A co-crystal structure was obtained showing 32 interacting primarily with the main chain atoms of an alanine residue of the hinge region. Additional H-bonds exist between the urea NHs and the Thr205 and Asp270 residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnian Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chelsea E Powell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian J Groendyke
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas W Gero
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frederic Feru
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John Feutrill
- SYNthesis med chem, 425 Changyang Street, Suzhou Industry Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bailing Chen
- SYNthesis med chem, 425 Changyang Street, Suzhou Industry Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Li
- SYNthesis med chem, 425 Changyang Street, Suzhou Industry Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hilary Szabo
- Vivid BioSciences, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - David A Scott
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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11
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Gao J, Zhao L, Luo Q, Liu S, Lin Z, Wang P, Fu X, Chen J, Zhang H, Lin L, Shi A. An EHBP-1-SID-3-DYN-1 axis promotes membranous tubule fission during endocytic recycling. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008763. [PMID: 32384077 PMCID: PMC7239482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ACK family tyrosine kinase SID-3 is involved in the endocytic uptake of double-stranded RNA. Here we identified SID-3 as a previously unappreciated recycling regulator in the Caenorhabditis elegans intestine. The RAB-10 effector EHBP-1 is required for the endosomal localization of SID-3. Accordingly, animals with loss of SID-3 phenocopied the recycling defects observed in ehbp-1 and rab-10 single mutants. Moreover, we detected sequential protein interactions between EHBP-1, SID-3, NCK-1, and DYN-1. In the absence of SID-3, DYN-1 failed to localize at tubular recycling endosomes, and membrane tubules breaking away from endosomes were mostly absent, suggesting that SID-3 acts synergistically with the downstream DYN-1 to promote endosomal tubule fission. In agreement with these observations, overexpression of DYN-1 significantly increased recycling transport in SID-3-deficient cells. Finally, we noticed that loss of RAB-10 or EHBP-1 compromised feeding RNAi efficiency in multiple tissues, implicating basolateral recycling in the transport of RNA silencing signals. Taken together, our study demonstrated that in C. elegans intestinal epithelia, SID-3 acts downstream of EHBP-1 to direct fission of recycling endosomal tubules in concert with NCK-1 and DYN-1. After endocytic uptake, a recycling transport system is deployed to deliver endocytosed macromolecules, fluid, membranes, and membrane proteins back to the cell surface. This process is essential for a series of biological processes such as cytokinesis, cell migration, maintenance of cell polarity, and synaptic plasticity. Recycling endosomes mainly consist of membrane tubules and often undergo membrane fission to generate vesicular carriers, which mediates the delivery of cargo proteins back to the plasma membrane. Previous studies suggested that RAB-10 and its effector protein EHBP-1 function jointly to generate and maintain recycling endosomal tubules. However, the mechanism coupling recycling endosomal tubulation and membrane fission remains elusive. Here, we identified SID-3 as a new interactor of EHBP-1. EHBP-1 is required for the endosomal localization of SID-3 and initiates a protein interaction cascade involving SID-3, NCK-1, and DYN-1/dynamin. We also found that SID-3 functions downstream of EHBP-1 to encourage membrane scission, and that ectopic expression of DYN-1 improves recycling transport in SID-3-depleted cells. Our findings revealed EHBP-1 as a point of convergence between RAB-10-mediated endosomal tubulation and SID-3-assisted membrane tubule fission during endocytic recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghu Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Linyue Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuyao Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ziyang Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peixiang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Long Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (AS)
| | - Anbing Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (AS)
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12
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The non-receptor tyrosine kinase ACK: regulatory mechanisms, signalling pathways and opportunities for attACKing cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1715-1731. [PMID: 31845724 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Activated Cdc42-associated kinase or ACK, is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase and an effector protein for the small G protein Cdc42. A substantial body of evidence has accumulated in the past few years heavily implicating ACK as a driver of oncogenic processes. Concomitantly, more is also being revealed regarding the signalling pathways involving ACK and molecular details of its modes of action. Some details are also available regarding the regulatory mechanisms of this kinase, including activation and regulation of its catalytic activity, however, a full understanding of these aspects remains elusive. This review considers the current knowledge base concerning ACK and summarizes efforts and future prospects to target ACK therapeutically in cancer.
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13
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Jiang H, Leung C, Tahan S, Wang D. Entry by multiple picornaviruses is dependent on a pathway that includes TNK2, WASL, and NCK1. eLife 2019; 8:50276. [PMID: 31769754 PMCID: PMC6904212 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive knowledge of the host factors required for picornavirus infection would facilitate antiviral development. Here we demonstrate roles for three human genes, TNK2, WASL, and NCK1, in infection by multiple picornaviruses. CRISPR deletion of TNK2, WASL, or NCK1 reduced encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), poliovirus and enterovirus D68 infection, and chemical inhibitors of TNK2 and WASL decreased EMCV infection. Reduced EMCV lethality was observed in mice lacking TNK2. TNK2, WASL, and NCK1 were important in early stages of the viral lifecycle, and genetic epistasis analysis demonstrated that the three genes function in a common pathway. Mechanistically, reduced internalization of EMCV was observed in TNK2 deficient cells demonstrating that TNK2 functions in EMCV entry. Domain analysis of WASL demonstrated that its actin nucleation activity was necessary to facilitate viral infection. Together, these data support a model wherein TNK2, WASL, and NCK1 comprise a pathway important for multiple picornaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Jiang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, United States
| | - Christian Leung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, United States
| | - Stephen Tahan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, United States
| | - David Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, United States
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14
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Research Progress of the Functional Role of ACK1 in Breast Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1018034. [PMID: 31772931 PMCID: PMC6854235 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1018034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
ACK1 is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase with a unique structure, which is tightly related to the biological behavior of tumors. Previous studies have demonstrated that ACK1 was involved with multiple signaling pathways of tumor progression. Its crucial role in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis was tightly related to the prognosis and clinicopathology of cancer. ACK1 has a unique way of regulating cellular pathways, different from other nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. As an oncogenic kinase, recent studies have shown that ACK1 plays a critical regulatory role in the initiation and progression of tumors. In this review, we will be summarizing the structural characteristics, activation, and regulation of ACK1 in breast cancer, aiming to deeply understand the functional and mechanistic role of ACK1 and provide novel therapeutic strategies for breast cancer treatment.
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15
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Siveen KS, Prabhu KS, Achkar IW, Kuttikrishnan S, Shyam S, Khan AQ, Merhi M, Dermime S, Uddin S. Role of Non Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Hematological Malignances and its Targeting by Natural Products. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:31. [PMID: 29455667 PMCID: PMC5817858 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases belong to a family of enzymes that mediate the movement of the phosphate group to tyrosine residues of target protein, thus transmitting signals from the cell surface to cytoplasmic proteins and the nucleus to regulate physiological processes. Non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTK) are a sub-group of tyrosine kinases, which can relay intracellular signals originating from extracellular receptor. NRTKs can regulate a huge array of cellular functions such as cell survival, division/propagation and adhesion, gene expression, immune response, etc. NRTKs exhibit considerable variability in their structural make up, having a shared kinase domain and commonly possessing many other domains such as SH2, SH3 which are protein-protein interacting domains. Recent studies show that NRTKs are mutated in several hematological malignancies, including lymphomas, leukemias and myelomas, leading to aberrant activation. It can be due to point mutations which are intragenic changes or by fusion of genes leading to chromosome translocation. Mutations that lead to constitutive kinase activity result in the formation of oncogenes, such as Abl, Fes, Src, etc. Therefore, specific kinase inhibitors have been sought after to target mutated kinases. A number of compounds have since been discovered, which have shown to inhibit the activity of NRTKs, which are remarkably well tolerated. This review covers the role of various NRTKs in the development of hematological cancers, including their deregulation, genetic alterations, aberrant activation and associated mutations. In addition, it also looks at the recent advances in the development of novel natural compounds that can target NRTKs and perhaps in combination with other forms of therapy can show great promise for the treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodappully S Siveen
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Iman W Achkar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Sunitha Shyam
- Medical Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, State of Qatar.
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16
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Del Mar Masdeu M, Armendáriz BG, Torre AL, Soriano E, Burgaya F, Ureña JM. Identification of novel Ack1-interacting proteins and Ack1 phosphorylated sites in mouse brain by mass spectrometry. Oncotarget 2017; 8:101146-101157. [PMID: 29254152 PMCID: PMC5731862 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ack1 (activated Cdc42-associated tyrosine kinase) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that is highly expressed in brain. This kinase contains several protein-protein interaction domains and its action is partially regulated by phosphorylation. As a first step to address the neuronal functions of Ack1, here we screened mouse brain samples to identify proteins that interact with this kinase. Using mass spectrometry analysis, we identified new putative partners for Ack1 including cytoskeletal proteins such as Drebrin or MAP4; adhesion regulators such as NCAM1 and neurabin-2; and synapse mediators such as SynGAP, GRIN1 and GRIN3. In addition, we confirmed that Ack1 and CAMKII both co-immunoprecipitate and co-localize in neurons. We also identified that adult and P5 samples contained the phosphorylated residues Thr 104 and Ser 825, and only P5 samples contained phosphorylated Ser 722, a site linked to cancer and interleukin signaling when phosphorylated. All these findings support the notion that Ack1 could be involved in neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Mar Masdeu
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain.,Present address: Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz G Armendáriz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna La Torre
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Present address: Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, 95616 Davis, California, USA
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain.,Vall d´Hebron Institute of Research, Barcelona 08035, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Ferran Burgaya
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Mariano Ureña
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Mahendrarajah N, Borisova ME, Reichardt S, Godmann M, Sellmer A, Mahboobi S, Haitel A, Schmid K, Kenner L, Heinzel T, Beli P, Krämer OH. HSP90 is necessary for the ACK1-dependent phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3. Cell Signal 2017; 39:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Thaker YR, Recino A, Raab M, Jabeen A, Wallberg M, Fernandez N, Rudd CE. Activated Cdc42-associated kinase 1 (ACK1) binds the sterile α motif (SAM) domain of the adaptor SLP-76 and phosphorylates proximal tyrosines. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6281-6290. [PMID: 28188290 PMCID: PMC5391757 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.759555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptor protein Src homology 2 domain-containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76 kDa (SLP-76) plays a crucial role in T cell activation by linking antigen receptor (T cell receptor, TCR) signals to downstream pathways. At its N terminus, SLP-76 has three key tyrosines (Tyr-113, Tyr-128, and Tyr-145, "3Y") as well as a sterile α motif (SAM) domain whose function is unclear. We showed previously that the SAM domain has two binding regions that mediate dimer and oligomer formation. In this study, we have identified SAM domain-carrying non-receptor tyrosine kinase, activated Cdc42-associated tyrosine kinase 1 (ACK1; also known as Tnk2, tyrosine kinase non-receptor 2) as a novel binding partner of SLP-76. Co-precipitation, laser-scanning confocal microscopy, and in situ proximity analysis confirmed the binding of ACK1 to SLP-76. Further, the interaction was induced in response to the anti-TCR ligation and abrogated by the deletion of SLP-76 SAM domain (ΔSAM) or mutation of Tyr-113, Tyr-128, and Tyr-145 to phenylalanine (3Y3F). ACK1 induced phosphorylation of the SLP-76 N-terminal tyrosines (3Y) dependent on the SAM domain. Further, ACK1 promoted calcium flux and NFAT-AP1 promoter activity and decreased the motility of murine CD4+ primary T cells on ICAM-1-coated plates, an event reversed by a small molecule inhibitor of ACK1 (AIM-100). These findings identify ACK1 as a novel SLP-76-associated protein-tyrosine kinase that modulates early activation events in T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/immunology
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Humans
- Jurkat Cells
- Lymphocyte Activation/physiology
- Mice
- Mutation, Missense
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/immunology
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/physiology
- Protein Domains
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/immunology
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Tyrosine
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Affiliation(s)
- Youg R Thaker
- From the Cell Signaling Section, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom,
| | - Asha Recino
- From the Cell Signaling Section, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Raab
- the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Asma Jabeen
- the School of Biological Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Maja Wallberg
- From the Cell Signaling Section, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Nelson Fernandez
- the School of Biological Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher E Rudd
- From the Cell Signaling Section, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
- the Division of Immunology-Oncology Research Center Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada, and
- the Département de Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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19
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Zeng QS, Xie BH, Xie YK, Wang XN. Activated Cdc42 kinase 1 and hepatocellular carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:3853-3859. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i27.3853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer includes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocellular carcinoma. The incidence of HCC is different between countries and regions. As one of the common malignant tumors in China, HCC has high mortality and is the second most common cause of cancer-related death. Elucidating the molecular mechanism of HCC pathogenesis is important for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer in China. The expression of activated Cdc42 kinase 1 (ACK1) has been found in a variety of cancers, and ACK1 participates in the occurrence and development of cancers. However, there are currently few studies about the relationship between ACK1 protein and HCC. This paper reviews the structure characteristics and biological function of ACK1 as well as its relationship with invasion and metastasis of HCC.
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20
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Hu L, Xu J, Yin MX, Zhang L, Lu Y, Wu W, Xue Z, Ho MS, Gao G, Zhao Y, Zhang L. Ack promotes tissue growth via phosphorylation and suppression of the Hippo pathway component Expanded. Cell Discov 2016; 2:15047. [PMID: 27462444 PMCID: PMC4860957 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2015.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-receptor tyrosine kinase activated cdc42 kinase was reported to participate in several types of cancers in mammals. It is also believed to have an anti-apoptotic function in Drosophila. Here, we report the identification of Drosophila activated cdc42 kinase as a growth promoter and a novel Hippo signaling pathway regulator. We find that activated cdc42 kinase promotes tissue growth through modulating Yorkie activity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that activated cdc42 kinase interacts with Expanded and induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Expanded on multiple sites. We propose a model that activated cdc42 kinase negatively regulates Expanded by changing its phosphorylation status to promote tissue growth. Moreover, we show that ack genetically interacts with merlin and expanded. Thus, we identify Drosophila activated cdc42 kinase as a Hippo pathway regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianxin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Xin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyu Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Margaret S Ho
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai, China
| | - Guanjun Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Maxson JE, Abel ML, Wang J, Deng X, Reckel S, Luty SB, Sun H, Gorenstein J, Hughes SB, Bottomly D, Wilmot B, McWeeney SK, Radich J, Hantschel O, Middleton RE, Gray NS, Druker BJ, Tyner JW. Identification and Characterization of Tyrosine Kinase Nonreceptor 2 Mutations in Leukemia through Integration of Kinase Inhibitor Screening and Genomic Analysis. Cancer Res 2015; 76:127-38. [PMID: 26677978 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The amount of genomic information about leukemia cells currently far exceeds our overall understanding of the precise genetic events that ultimately drive disease development and progression. Effective implementation of personalized medicine will require tools to distinguish actionable genetic alterations within the complex genetic landscape of leukemia. In this study, we performed kinase inhibitor screens to predict functional gene targets in primary specimens from patients with acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Deep sequencing of the same patient specimens identified genetic alterations that were then integrated with the functionally important targets using the HitWalker algorithm to prioritize the mutant genes that most likely explain the observed drug sensitivity patterns. Through this process, we identified tyrosine kinase nonreceptor 2 (TNK2) point mutations that exhibited oncogenic capacity. Importantly, the integration of functional and genomic data using HitWalker allowed for prioritization of rare oncogenic mutations that may have been missed through genomic analysis alone. These mutations were sensitive to the multikinase inhibitor dasatinib, which antagonizes TNK2 kinase activity, as well as novel TNK2 inhibitors, XMD8-87 and XMD16-5, with greater target specificity. We also identified activating truncation mutations in other tumor types that were sensitive to XMD8-87 and XMD16-5, exemplifying the potential utility of these compounds across tumor types dependent on TNK2. Collectively, our findings highlight a more sensitive approach for identifying actionable genomic lesions that may be infrequently mutated or overlooked and provide a new method for the prioritization of candidate genetic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Maxson
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Melissa L Abel
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xianming Deng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sina Reckel
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Samuel B Luty
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Huahang Sun
- Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie Gorenstein
- Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Seamus B Hughes
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel Bottomly
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Beth Wilmot
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Shannon K McWeeney
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jerald Radich
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Oliver Hantschel
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Richard E Middleton
- Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian J Druker
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
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22
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Mahajan K, Mahajan NP. ACK1/TNK2 tyrosine kinase: molecular signaling and evolving role in cancers. Oncogene 2014; 34:4162-7. [PMID: 25347744 PMCID: PMC4411206 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Deregulated tyrosine kinase signaling alters cellular homeostasis to drive cancer progression. The emergence of a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, ACK1 as an oncogenic kinase, has uncovered novel mechanisms by which tyrosine kinase signaling promotes cancer progression. While early studies focused on ACK1 (also known as activated Cdc42-associated kinase 1 or TNK2) as a cytosolic effecter of activated transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), wherein it shuttles between the cytosol and the nucleus to rapidly transduce extracellular signals from the RTKs to the intracellular effectors, recent data unfold a new aspect of its functionality as an epigenetic regulator. ACK1 interacts with the Estrogen Receptor (ER)/histone demethylase KDM3A (JHDM2a) complex, modifies KDM3A by tyrosine phosphorylation to regulate transcriptional outcome at HOXA1 locus to promote the growth of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. It is also well established that ACK1 regulates the activity of Androgen Receptor (AR) by tyrosine phosphorylation to fuel the growth of hormone-refractory prostate cancers. Further, recent explosion in genomic sequencing has revealed recurrent ACK1 gene amplification and somatic mutations in a variety of human malignancies, providing a molecular basis for its role in neoplastic transformation. In this review, we will discuss the various facets of ACK1 signaling, including its newly uncovered epigenetic regulator function, which enables cells to bypass the blockade to major survival pathways to promote resistance to standard cancer treatments. Not surprisingly, cancer cells appear to acquire an `addiction’ to ACK1 mediated survival, particularly under stress conditions, such as growth factor deprivation or genotoxic insults or hormone deprivation. With the accelerated development of potent and selective ACK1 inhibitors, targeted treatment for cancers harboring aberrant ACK1 activity may soon become a clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mahajan
- 1] Moffitt Cancer Center, Drug Discovery Department, Tampa, FL, USA [2] Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - N P Mahajan
- 1] Moffitt Cancer Center, Drug Discovery Department, Tampa, FL, USA [2] Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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23
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Prudnikova TY, Rawat SJ, Chernoff J. Molecular pathways: targeting the kinase effectors of RHO-family GTPases. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 21:24-9. [PMID: 25336694 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RHO GTPases, members of the RAS superfamily of small GTPases, are adhesion and growth factor-activated molecular switches that play important roles in tumor development and progression. When activated, RHO-family GTPases such as RAC1, CDC42, and RHOA, transmit signals by recruiting a variety of effector proteins, including the protein kinases PAK, ACK, MLK, MRCK, and ROCK. Genetically induced loss of RHO function impedes transformation by a number of oncogenic stimuli, leading to an interest in developing small-molecule inhibitors that either target RHO GTPases directly, or that target their downstream protein kinase effectors. Although inhibitors of RHO GTPases and their downstream signaling kinases have not yet been widely adopted for clinical use, their potential value as cancer therapeutics continues to facilitate pharmaceutical research and development and is a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonali J Rawat
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan Chernoff
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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24
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Zhang J, Chen T, Mao Q, Lin J, Jia J, Li S, Xiong W, Lin Y, Liu Z, Liu X, Zhao H, Wang G, Zheng D, Qiu S, Ge J. PDGFR-β-activated ACK1-AKT signaling promotes glioma tumorigenesis. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:1769-80. [PMID: 25257795 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant PDGF-PDGFR signaling and its effects on downstream effectors have been implicated in glioma development. A crucial AKT regulator, ACK1 (TNK2) has been shown to be a downstream mediator of PDGF signaling; however, the exact underlying mechanisms in gliomas remain elusive. Here, we report that in glioma cells, PDGFR-β activation enhanced the interaction between ACK1 and AKT, resulting in AKT activation. PDGF treatment consistently promoted the formation of complexes containing PDGFR-β and ACK1. Mutational analysis suggested that Y635 of ACK1 is a PDGFR-β phosphorylation site and that the ACK1 Y635F mutant abrogated the sequential activation of AKT. Moreover, PDK1 interacted with ACK1 during PDGF stimulation, which is required for the binding of ACK1 to PDGFR-β. Further mutational analysis showed that T325 of ACK1 was crucial for the ACK1 and PDK1 interaction. ACK1 Y635F or T325A mutants abolished PDGFR-β-induced AKT activation, the subsequent nuclear translocation of β-catenin and the expression of cyclin D1. Glioma cell cycle progression, proliferation and tumorigenesis were accordingly blocked by ACK1 Y635F or T325A. In glioblastoma multiforme samples from 51 patients, increased ACK1 tyrosine phosphorylation correlated with upregulated PDGFR-β activity and AKT activation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that ACK1 plays a pivotal role in PDGF-PDGFR-induced AKT signaling in glioma tumorigenesis. This knowledge contributes to our understanding of glioma progression and may facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets for future glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Zhang
- Operation Room, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
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25
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Wang B, Xu T, Liu J, Zang S, Gao L, Huang A. Overexpression of activated Cdc42-associated kinase1 (Ack1) predicts tumor recurrence and poor survival in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2014; 210:787-92. [PMID: 25445114 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in China. Recent research suggested that activated Cdc42-associated kinase 1 (Ack1) played an important role in facilitating tumorigenesis, tumor invasion and metastasis. However, the role of Ack1 in HCC is not clear. Herein, the expression level of Ack1 mRNA in 30 fresh HCC specimens (carcinoma, peri-carcinoma and distal-carcinoma tissues) was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while the expression of Ack1 protein in 18 fresh HCC specimens (carcinoma, peri-carcinoma and distal-carcinoma tissues) was analyzed by Western blotting. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was also employed to assess both the expression level and distribution of Ack1 protein in HCC tissues collected from 173 lesions, so as to study the correlations between Ack1 protein expression and other HCC-related clinicopathologic parameters. The results showed that both Ack1 mRNA and protein were significantly over-expressed in HCC tissues than that of either peri-carcinoma or distal-carcinoma tissues (P < 0.001, P = 0.012, respectively), while there was no significant difference between peri-carcinoma and distal-carcinoma tissues. Furthermore, the results of IHC indicated that the rates of Ack1 expressions in the patients with capsular invasion, hepatic vessel involvement and recurrence were higher than without above three conditions (P = 0.037, P = 0.036, P = 0.019, respectively), whereas the patients with overexpression of Ack1 protein had low survival rate (P = 0.007). Ack1 expression, tumor size and recurrence were independently related to survival (P = 0.014, P = 0.018, P < 0.001, respectively). Thus, the level of Ack1 is associated with tumor invasion potential, and the expression of Ack1 plays an important role as predictor of recurrence and poor outcome in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Pathology and Institution of Oncology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Pathology, Yuncheng Central Hospital of Shanxi Province, Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Shengbing Zang
- Department of Pathology and Institution of Oncology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Lingyun Gao
- Department of Pathology and Institution of Oncology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Aimin Huang
- Department of Pathology and Institution of Oncology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China.
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26
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Src kinase function controls progenitor cell pools during regeneration and tumor onset in the Drosophila intestine. Oncogene 2014; 34:2371-84. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Schenone S, Radi M, Musumeci F, Brullo C, Botta M. Biologically Driven Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines As Protein Kinase Inhibitors: An Old Scaffold As a New Tool for Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology Studies. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7189-238. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400270z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Schenone
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova Viale Benedetto
XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Radi
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma Viale delle
Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova Viale Benedetto
XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova Viale Benedetto
XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Sbarro
Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology,
College of Science and Technology, Temple University, BioLife Science
Building, Suite 333, 1900 N 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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28
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Novel antiviral host factor, TNK1, regulates IFN signaling through serine phosphorylation of STAT1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:1909-14. [PMID: 24449862 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1314268111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to viral infection, the host induces over 300 IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), which are the central component of intracellular antiviral innate immunity. Inefficient induction of ISGs contributes to poor control and persistence of hepatitis C virus infection. Therefore, further understanding of the hepatocytic ISG regulation machinery will guide us to an improved management strategy against hepatitis C virus infection. In this study, comprehensive genome-wide, high-throughput cDNA screening for genes regulating ISG expression identified a tyrosine kinase nonreceptor 1 (TNK1) as a unique player in the ISG induction pathway. The immune-modulatory function of TNK1 has never been studied, and this study characterizes its significance in antiviral innate immunity. TNK1 is abundantly expressed in hepatocytes and maintains basal ISG expression. More importantly, TNK1 plays a critical role in type I IFN-mediated ISG induction. We discovered that the activated IFN receptor complex recruits TNK1 from the cytoplasm. TNK1 is then phosphorylated to enhance its kinase activity. The activated TNK1 potentiates JAK-STAT signaling through dual phosphorylation of STAT1 at tyrosine 701 and serine 727 amino acid positions. Our loss-of-function approach demonstrated that TNK1 governs a cluster of ISG expression that defines the TNK1 pathway effector genes. More importantly, TNK1 abundance is inversely correlated to viral replication efficiency and is also a determinant factor for the hepatocytic response to antiviral treatment. Taken together, our studies found a critical but unidentified integrated component of the IFN-JAK-STAT signaling cascade.
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29
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Mahajan K, Mahajan NP. ACK1 tyrosine kinase: targeted inhibition to block cancer cell proliferation. Cancer Lett 2013; 338:185-92. [PMID: 23597703 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
ACK1 tyrosine kinase, located on chromosome 3q29, is aberrantly activated, amplified or mutated in a wide variety of human cancers. While the deregulated kinase is oncogenic and its activation correlates with progression to metastatic stage, its inhibition causes cell cycle arrest, sensitizes cells to ionizing radiation and induces apoptosis. Oncogenicity of ACK1 is not only due to its ability to promote activation of critical pro-survival kinases and harmone receptors by phosphorylating at distinct tyrosine residues, but also by employing a similar mechanism to eliminate a tumor suppressor from cancer cells. Despite the substantial data supporting the oncogenic role of ACK1, and the potential clinical benefit of blocking ACK1 in metastatic disease, to date ACK1-specific small molecule inhibitors have not been exploited for cancer therapy. This review highlights recent advances that elucidate how cancer cells employ ACK1 kinase to their advantage and discusses some of the novel ACK1 inhibitors that have shown promise in pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Mahajan
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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30
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Dkhil MA, Al-Quraishy S, Delic D, Abdel-Baki AA, Wunderlich F. Testosterone-induced persistent susceptibility to Plasmodium chabaudi malaria: long-term changes of lincRNA and mRNA expression in the spleen. Steroids 2013; 78:220-7. [PMID: 23123741 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone (T) is known to induce persistent susceptibility to blood-stage malaria of Plasmodium chabaudi in otherwise resistant female C57BL/6 mice, which is associated with permanent changes in mRNA expression of the liver. Here, we investigate the spleen as the major effector against blood-stage malaria for any possible T-induced long-term effects on lincRNA and mRNA expression. Female C57BL/6 mice were treated with T for 3 weeks, then T was withdrawn for 12 weeks before challenging with P. chabaudi. LincRNA and mRNA expression was examined after 12 weeks of T-withdrawal and after subsequent infections using Agilent whole mouse genome oligo microarrays. Our data show for the first time long-term effects of T on lincRNA expression evidenced directly as persistent changes after T-withdrawal for 12 weeks and indirectly as altered responsiveness of expression to P. chabaudi infections. There are 3 lincRNA-species upregulated and 10 lincRNAs downregulated by more than 2-fold (p<0.01). In addition, 11 and 10 mRNAs are persistently up- and downregulated by T, respectively. These changes remain not sustained during infections at peak parasitemia, when 15 other lincRNAs and 9 other mRNAs exhibit an altered expression. The only exception is the Tnk1-mRNA encoding the non-receptor tyrosine kinase 1 that is persistently downregulated by 0.34-fold after T-withdrawal and that becomes upregulated by 5.9-fold upon infection at peak parasitemia, suggesting an involvement of tyrosine phosphorylation by Tnk1 in mediating long-term effects of T in the spleen. The T-induced changes in splenic mRNA expression are totally different to those previously observed in the liver. Collectively, our data support the view that T induces long-term organ-specific changes in both lincRNA and mRNA expression, that presumably contribute to organ-specific dysfunctions upon infection with blood-stage malaria of P. chabaudi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Dkhil
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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31
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Gajiwala KS, Maegley K, Ferre R, He YA, Yu X. Ack1: activation and regulation by allostery. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53994. [PMID: 23342057 PMCID: PMC3544672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Ack1 belongs to a unique multi-domain protein kinase family, Ack. Ack is the only family of SH3 domain containing kinases to have an SH3 domain following the kinase domain; others have their SH3 domains preceding the kinase domain. Previous reports have suggested that Ack1 does not require phosphorylation for activation and the enzyme activity of the isolated kinase domain is low relative to other kinases. It has been shown to dimerize in the cellular environment, which augments its enzyme activity. The molecular mechanism of activation, however, remains unknown. Here we present structural and biochemical data on Ack1 kinase domain, and kinase domain+SH3 domain that suggest that Ack1 in its monomeric state is autoinhibited, like EGFR and CDK. The activation of the kinase domain may require N-lobe mediated symmetric dimerization, which may be facilitated by the N-terminal SAM domain. Results presented here show that SH3 domain, unlike in Src family tyrosine kinases, does not directly control the activation state of the enzyme. Instead we speculate that the SH3 domain may play a regulatory role by facilitating binding of the MIG6 homologous region to the kinase domain. We postulate that features of Ack1 activation and regulation parallel those of receptor tyrosine kinase EGFR with some interesting differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketan S Gajiwala
- Cancer Structural Biology within Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, United States of America.
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32
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Jin M, Wang J, Kleinberg A, Kadalbajoo M, Siu KW, Cooke A, Bittner MA, Yao Y, Thelemann A, Ji Q, Bhagwat S, Mulvihill KM, Rechka JA, Pachter JA, Crew AP, Epstein D, Mulvihill MJ. Discovery of potent, selective and orally bioavailable imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine derived ACK1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 23:979-84. [PMID: 23317569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This Letter describes the medicinal chemistry effort towards a series of novel imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine derived inhibitors of ACK1. Virtual screening led to the discovery of the initial hit, and subsequent exploration of structure-activity relationships and optimization of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic properties led to the identification of potent, selective and orally bioavailable ACK1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhong Jin
- OSI Pharmaceuticals, LLC, A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Astellas US LLC, 1 Bioscience Park Drive, Farmingdale, NY 11735, USA.
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33
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Buchwald M, Pietschmann K, Brand P, Günther A, Mahajan NP, Heinzel T, Krämer OH. SIAH ubiquitin ligases target the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase ACK1 for ubiquitinylation and proteasomal degradation. Oncogene 2012. [PMID: 23208506 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Activated Cdc42-associated kinase 1 (ACK1) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase linked to cellular transformation. The aberrant regulation of ACK1 promotes tumor progression and metastasis. Therefore, ACK1 is regarded as a valid target in cancer therapy. Seven in absentia homolog (SIAH) ubiquitin ligases facilitate substrate ubiquitinylation that targets proteins to the proteasomal degradation pathway. Here we report that ACK1 and SIAH1 from Homo sapiens interact in a yeast two-hybrid screen. Protein-protein interaction studies and protein degradation analyses using deletion and point mutants of ACK1 verify that SIAH1 and the related SIAH2 interact with ACK1. The association between SIAHs and ACK1 depends on the integrity of a highly conserved SIAH-binding motif located in the far C-terminus of ACK1. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the interaction of ACK1 with SIAH1 and the induction of proteasomal degradation of ACK1 by SIAH1 are independent of ACK1's kinase activity. Chemical inhibitors blocking proteasomal activity corroborate that SIAH1 and SIAH2 destabilize the ACK1 protein by inducing its proteasomal turnover. This mechanism apparently differs from the lysosomal pathway targeting ACK1 after stimulation with the epidermal growth factor. Our data also show that ACK1, but not ACK1 mutants lacking the SIAH binding motif, has a discernable negative effect on SIAH levels. Additionally, knockdown approaches targeting the SIAH2 mRNA uncover specifically that the induction of SIAH2 expression, by hormonally-induced estrogen receptor (ER) activation, decreases the levels of ACK1 in luminal human breast cancer cells. Collectively, our data provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms modulating ACK1 and they position SIAH ubiquitin ligases as negative regulators of ACK1 in transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Buchwald
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Kelley LC, Weed SA. Cortactin is a substrate of activated Cdc42-associated kinase 1 (ACK1) during ligand-induced epidermal growth factor receptor downregulation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44363. [PMID: 22952966 PMCID: PMC3431376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) internalization following ligand binding controls EGFR downstream pathway signaling activity. Internalized EGFR is poly-ubiquitinated by Cbl to promote lysosome-mediated degradation and signal downregulation. ACK1 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that interacts with ubiquitinated EGFR to facilitate EGFR degradation. Dynamic reorganization of the cortical actin cytoskeleton controlled by the actin related protein (Arp)2/3 complex is important in regulating EGFR endocytosis and vesicle trafficking. How ACK1-mediated EGFR internalization cooperates with Arp2/3-based actin dynamics during EGFR downregulation is unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we show that ACK1 directly binds and phosphorylates the Arp2/3 regulatory protein cortactin, potentially providing a direct link to Arp2/3-based actin dynamics during EGFR degradation. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis indicates that the cortactin SH3 domain is responsible for binding to ACK1. In vitro kinase assays demonstrate that ACK1 phosphorylates cortactin on key tyrosine residues that create docking sites for adaptor proteins responsible for enhancing Arp2/3 nucleation. Analysis with phosphorylation-specific antibodies determined that EGFR-induced cortactin tyrosine phosphorylation is diminished coincident with EGFR degradation, whereas ERK1/2 cortactin phosphorylation utilized in promoting activation of the Arp2/3 regulator N-WASp is sustained during EGFR downregulation. Cortactin and ACK1 localize to internalized vesicles containing EGF bound to EGFR visualized by confocal microscopy. RNA interference and rescue studies indicate that ACK1 and the cortactin SH3 domain are essential for ligand-mediated EGFR internalization. Conclusions/Significance Cortactin is a direct binding partner and novel substrate of ACK1. Tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin by ACK1 creates an additional means to amplify Arp2/3 dynamics through N-WASp activation, potentially contributing to the overall necessary tensile and/or propulsive forces utilized during EGFR endocytic internalization and trafficking involved in receptor degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Kelley
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Scott A. Weed
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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35
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Conserved tyrosine kinase promotes the import of silencing RNA into Caenorhabditis elegans cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:14520-5. [PMID: 22912399 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1201153109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA silencing in Caenorhabditis elegans is transmitted between cells by the transport of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). The efficiency of such transmission, however, depends on both the cell type and the environment. Here, we identify systemic RNAi defective-3 (SID-3) as a conserved tyrosine kinase required for the efficient import of dsRNA. Without SID-3, cells perform RNA silencing well but import dsRNA poorly. Upon overexpression of SID-3, cells import dsRNA more efficiently than do wild-type cells and such efficient import of dsRNA requires an intact SID-3 kinase domain. The mammalian homolog of SID-3, activated cdc-42-associated kinase (ACK), acts in many signaling pathways that respond to environmental changes and is known to directly associate with endocytic vesicles, which have been implicated in dsRNA transport. Therefore, our results suggest that the SID-3/ACK tyrosine kinase acts as a regulator of RNA import into animal cells.
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