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Dyer L, Parker A, Paphiti K, Sanderson J. Lightsheet Microscopy. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e448. [PMID: 35838628 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we review lightsheet (selective plane illumination) microscopy for mouse developmental biologists. There are different means of forming the illumination sheet, and we discuss these. We explain how we introduced the lightsheet microscope economically into our core facility and present our results on fixed and living samples. We also describe methods of clearing fixed samples for three-dimensional imaging and discuss the various means of preparing samples with particular reference to mouse cilia, adipose spheroids, and cochleae. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dyer
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Andrew Parker
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Keanu Paphiti
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Jeremy Sanderson
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
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2
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Halm S, Haberthür D, Eppler E, Djonov V, Arnold A. Micro-CT imaging of Thiel-embalmed and iodine-stained human temporal bone for 3D modeling. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 50:33. [PMID: 34078459 PMCID: PMC8173723 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-021-00522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This pilot study explores whether a human Thiel-embalmed temporal bone is suitable for generating an accurate and complete data set with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and whether solid iodine-staining improves visualization and facilitates segmentation of middle ear structures. Methods A temporal bone was used to verify the accuracy of the imaging by first digitally measuring the stapes on the tomography images and then physically under the microscope after removal from the temporal bone. All measurements were compared with literature values. The contralateral temporal bone was used to evaluate segmentation and three-dimensional (3D) modeling after iodine staining and micro-CT scanning. Results The digital and physical stapes measurements differed by 0.01–0.17 mm or 1–19%, respectively, but correlated well with the literature values. Soft tissue structures were visible in the unstained scan. However, iodine staining increased the contrast-to-noise ratio by a factor of 3.7 on average. The 3D model depicts all ossicles and soft tissue structures in detail, including the chorda tympani, which was not visible in the unstained scan. Conclusions Micro-CT imaging of a Thiel-embalmed temporal bone accurately represented the entire anatomy. Iodine staining considerably increased the contrast of soft tissues, simplified segmentation and enabled detailed 3D modeling of the middle ear. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40463-021-00522-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Halm
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - David Haberthür
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Eppler
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Arnold
- University of Bern, Hochschulstrasse 6, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Ear Nose Throat, Spital Münsingen, Krankenhausweg 18/20, CH-3110, Münsingen, Switzerland
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3
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Pieters T, Sanders E, Tian H, van Hengel J, van Roy F. Neural defects caused by total and Wnt1-Cre mediated ablation of p120ctn in mice. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 20:17. [PMID: 32741376 PMCID: PMC7398255 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-020-00222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Background p120 catenin (p120ctn) is an important component in the cadherin-catenin cell adhesion complex because it stabilizes cadherin-mediated intercellular junctions. Outside these junctions, p120ctn is actively involved in the regulation of small GTPases of the Rho family, in actomyosin dynamics and in transcription regulation. We and others reported that loss of p120ctn in mouse embryos results in an embryonic lethal phenotype, but the exact developmental role of p120ctn during brain formation has not been reported. Results We combined floxed p120ctn mice with Del-Cre or Wnt1-Cre mice to deplete p120ctn from either all cells or specific brain and neural crest cells. Complete loss of p120ctn in mid-gestation embryos resulted in an aberrant morphology, including growth retardation, failure to switch from lordotic to fetal posture, and defective neural tube formation and neurogenesis. By expressing a wild-type p120ctn from the ROSA26 locus in p120ctn-null mouse embryonic stem cells, we could partially rescue neurogenesis. To further investigate the developmental role of p120ctn in neural tube formation, we generated conditional p120ctnfl/fl;Wnt1Cre knockout mice. p120ctn deletion in Wnt1-expressing cells resulted in neural tube closure defects (NTDs) and craniofacial abnormalities. These defects could not be correlated with misregulation of brain marker genes or cell proliferation. In contrast, we found that p120ctn is required for proper expression of the cell adhesion components N-cadherin, E-cadherin and β-catenin, and of actin-binding proteins cortactin and Shroom3 at the apical side of neural folds. This region is of critical importance for closure of neural folds. Surprisingly, the lateral side of mutant neural folds showed loss of p120ctn, but not of N-cadherin, β-catenin or cortactin. Conclusions These results indicate that p120ctn is required for neurogenesis and neurulation. Elimination of p120ctn in cells expressing Wnt1 affects neural tube closure by hampering correct formation of specific adhesion and actomyosin complexes at the apical side of neural folds. Collectively, our results demonstrate the crucial role of p120ctn during brain morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Pieters
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Present address: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ellen Sanders
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Present address: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Huiyu Tian
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Present address: Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jolanda van Hengel
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Present address: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frans van Roy
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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4
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Wen L, Fan Z, Mikulski Z, Ley K. Imaging of the immune system - towards a subcellular and molecular understanding. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/5/jcs234922. [PMID: 32139598 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.234922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses involve many types of leukocytes that traffic to the site of injury, recognize the insult and respond appropriately. Imaging of the immune system involves a set of methods and analytical tools that are used to visualize immune responses at the cellular and molecular level as they occur in real time. We will review recent and emerging technological advances in optical imaging, and their application to understanding the molecular and cellular responses of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes. Optical live-cell imaging provides deep mechanistic insights at the molecular, cellular, tissue and organism levels. Live-cell imaging can capture quantitative information in real time at subcellular resolution with minimal phototoxicity and repeatedly in the same living cells or in accessible tissues of the living organism. Advanced FRET probes allow tracking signaling events in live cells. Light-sheet microscopy allows for deeper tissue penetration in optically clear samples, enriching our understanding of the higher-level organization of the immune response. Super-resolution microscopy offers insights into compartmentalized signaling at a resolution beyond the diffraction limit, approaching single-molecule resolution. This Review provides a current perspective on live-cell imaging in vitro and in vivo with a focus on the assessment of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wen
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- Microscopy Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA .,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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5
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Ding Y, Ma J, Langenbacher AD, Baek KI, Lee J, Chang CC, Hsu JJ, Kulkarni RP, Belperio J, Shi W, Ranjbarvaziri S, Ardehali R, Tintut Y, Demer LL, Chen JN, Fei P, Packard RRS, Hsiai TK. Multiscale light-sheet for rapid imaging of cardiopulmonary system. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121396. [PMID: 30135307 PMCID: PMC6141183 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to image tissue morphogenesis in real-time and in 3-dimensions (3-D) remains an optical challenge. The advent of light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) has advanced developmental biology and tissue regeneration research. In this review, we introduce a LSFM system in which the illumination lens reshapes a thin light-sheet to rapidly scan across a sample of interest while the detection lens orthogonally collects the imaging data. This multiscale strategy provides deep-tissue penetration, high-spatiotemporal resolution, and minimal photobleaching and phototoxicity, allowing in vivo visualization of a variety of tissues and processes, ranging from developing hearts in live zebrafish embryos to ex vivo interrogation of the microarchitecture of optically cleared neonatal hearts. Here, we highlight multiple applications of LSFM and discuss several studies that have allowed better characterization of developmental and pathological processes in multiple models and tissues. These findings demonstrate the capacity of multiscale light-sheet imaging to uncover cardiovascular developmental and regenerative phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Ding
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jianguo Ma
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Adam D. Langenbacher
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kyung In Baek
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey J. Hsu
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and
| | - Rajan P. Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and
| | - John Belperio
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and
| | - Wei Shi
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Reza Ardehali
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and
| | - Yin Tintut
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and
| | - Linda L. Demer
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and
| | - Jau-Nian Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peng Fei
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Tzung K. Hsiai
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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6
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Ding Y, Lee J, Hsu JJ, Chang CC, Baek KI, Ranjbarvaziri S, Ardehali R, Packard RRS, Hsiai TK. Light-Sheet Imaging to Elucidate Cardiovascular Injury and Repair. Curr Cardiol Rep 2018; 20:35. [PMID: 29574550 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-018-0979-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Real-time 3-dimensional (3-D) imaging of cardiovascular injury and regeneration remains challenging. We introduced a multi-scale imaging strategy that uses light-sheet illumination to enable applications of cardiovascular injury and repair in models ranging from zebrafish to rodent hearts. RECENT FINDINGS Light-sheet imaging enables rapid data acquisition with high spatiotemporal resolution and with minimal photo-bleaching or photo-toxicity. We demonstrated the capacity of this novel light-sheet approach for scanning a region of interest with specific fluorescence contrast, thereby providing axial and temporal resolution at the cellular level without stitching image columns or pivoting illumination beams during one-time imaging. This cutting-edge imaging technique allows for elucidating the differentiation of stem cells in cardiac regeneration, providing an entry point to discover novel micro-circulation phenomenon with clinical significance for injury and repair. These findings demonstrate the multi-scale applications of this novel light-sheet imaging strategy to advance research in cardiovascular development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Ding
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76010, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Hsu
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chih-Chiang Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kyung In Baek
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sara Ranjbarvaziri
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Reza Ardehali
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - René R Sevag Packard
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91106, USA.
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7
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Ding Y, Abiri A, Abiri P, Li S, Chang CC, Baek KI, Hsu JJ, Sideris E, Li Y, Lee J, Segura T, Nguyen TP, Bui A, Sevag Packard RR, Fei P, Hsiai TK. Integrating light-sheet imaging with virtual reality to recapitulate developmental cardiac mechanics. JCI Insight 2017; 2:97180. [PMID: 29202458 PMCID: PMC5752380 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.97180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a limited ability to interactively study developmental cardiac mechanics and physiology. We therefore combined light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) with virtual reality (VR) to provide a hybrid platform for 3D architecture and time-dependent cardiac contractile function characterization. By taking advantage of the rapid acquisition, high axial resolution, low phototoxicity, and high fidelity in 3D and 4D (3D spatial + 1D time or spectra), this VR-LSFM hybrid methodology enables interactive visualization and quantification otherwise not available by conventional methods, such as routine optical microscopes. We hereby demonstrate multiscale applicability of VR-LSFM to (a) interrogate skin fibroblasts interacting with a hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel, (b) navigate through the endocardial trabecular network during zebrafish development, and (c) localize gene therapy-mediated potassium channel expression in adult murine hearts. We further combined our batch intensity normalized segmentation algorithm with deformable image registration to interface a VR environment with imaging computation for the analysis of cardiac contraction. Thus, the VR-LSFM hybrid platform demonstrates an efficient and robust framework for creating a user-directed microenvironment in which we uncovered developmental cardiac mechanics and physiology with high spatiotemporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Ding
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Bioengineering, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arash Abiri
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Parinaz Abiri
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Bioengineering, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shuoran Li
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department
| | - Chih-Chiang Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kyung In Baek
- Department of Bioengineering, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | - Yilei Li
- Electrical Engineering Department, and
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tatiana Segura
- Department of Bioengineering, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department
| | | | - Alexander Bui
- Department of Bioengineering, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Medical Imaging Informatics Group, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Peng Fei
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tzung K. Hsiai
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Bioengineering, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
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8
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Ding Y, Lee J, Ma J, Sung K, Yokota T, Singh N, Dooraghi M, Abiri P, Wang Y, Kulkarni RP, Nakano A, Nguyen TP, Fei P, Hsiai TK. Light-sheet fluorescence imaging to localize cardiac lineage and protein distribution. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42209. [PMID: 28165052 PMCID: PMC5292685 DOI: 10.1038/srep42209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) serves to advance developmental research and regenerative medicine. Coupled with the paralleled advances in fluorescence-friendly tissue clearing technique, our cardiac LSFM enables dual-sided illumination to rapidly uncover the architecture of murine hearts over 10 by 10 by 10 mm3 in volume; thereby allowing for localizing progenitor differentiation to the cardiomyocyte lineage and AAV9-mediated expression of exogenous transmembrane potassium channels with high contrast and resolution. Without the steps of stitching image columns, pivoting the light-sheet and sectioning the heart mechanically, we establish a holistic strategy for 3-dimentional reconstruction of the "digital murine heart" to assess aberrant cardiac structures as well as the spatial distribution of the cardiac lineages in neonates and ion-channels in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Ding
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering &Applied Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering &Applied Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jianguo Ma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kevin Sung
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering &Applied Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tomohiro Yokota
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Neha Singh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mojdeh Dooraghi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Parinaz Abiri
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering &Applied Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yibin Wang
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rajan P Kulkarni
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering &Applied Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thao P Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peng Fei
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering &Applied Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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9
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Lin HCA, Dutta R, Mandal S, Kind A, Schnieke A, Razansky D. Advancing ovarian folliculometry with selective plane illumination microscopy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38057. [PMID: 27905503 PMCID: PMC5131314 DOI: 10.1038/srep38057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Determination of ovarian status and follicle monitoring are common methods of diagnosing female infertility. We evaluated the suitability of selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM) for the study of ovarian follicles. The large field of view and fast acquisition speed of our SPIM system enables rendering of volumetric image stacks from intact whole porcine ovarian follicles, clearly visualizing follicular features including follicle volume and average diameter (70 μm-2.5 mm), their spherical asymmetry parameters, size of developing cumulus oophorus complexes (40 μm-110 μm), and follicular wall thickness (90 μm-120 μm). Follicles at all developmental stages were identified. A distribution of the theca thickness was measured for each follicle, and a relationship between these distributions and the stages of follicular development was discerned. The ability of the system to non-destructively generate sub-cellular resolution 3D images of developing follicles, with excellent image contrast and high throughput capacity compared to conventional histology, suggests that it can be used to monitor follicular development and identify structural abnormalities indicative of ovarian ailments. Accurate folliculometric measurements provided by SPIM images can immensely help the understanding of ovarian physiology and provide important information for the proper management of ovarian diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chun Amy Lin
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Rahul Dutta
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann Straße 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Subhamoy Mandal
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Biological Imaging, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technische Universität München, Arcisstraße 21, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann Straße 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann Straße 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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10
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Cros O, Knutsson H, Andersson M, Pawels E, Borga M, Gaihede M. Determination of the mastoid surface area and volume based on micro-CT scanning of human temporal bones. Geometrical parameters depend on scanning resolutions. Hear Res 2016; 340:127-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Visualization, measurement and modelling of the cochlea using rotating midmodiolar slice planes. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2016; 11:1855-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s11548-016-1374-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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12
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Adams MW, Loftus AF, Dunn SE, Joens MS, Fitzpatrick JAJ. Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 71:12.37.1-12.37.15. [PMID: 25559221 DOI: 10.1002/0471142956.cy1237s71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of confocal microscopy techniques introduced the ability to optically section fluorescent samples in the axial dimension, perpendicular to the image plane. These approaches, via the placement of a pinhole in the conjugate image plane, provided superior resolution in the axial (z) dimension resulting in nearly isotropic optical sections. However, increased axial resolution, via pinhole optics, comes at the cost of both speed and excitation efficiency. Light sheet fluorescent microscopy (LSFM), a century-old idea made possible with modern developments in both excitation and detection optics, provides sub-cellular resolution and optical sectioning capabilities without compromising speed or excitation efficiency. Over the past decade, several variations of LSFM have been implemented each with its own benefits and deficiencies. Here we discuss LSFM fundamentals and outline the basic principles of several major light-sheet-based imaging modalities (SPIM, inverted SPIM, multi-view SPIM, Bessel beam SPIM, and stimulated emission depletion SPIM) while considering their biological relevance in terms of intrusiveness, temporal resolution, and sample requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Adams
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Andrew F Loftus
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Sarah E Dunn
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Matthew S Joens
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - James A J Fitzpatrick
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
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Buytaert J, Goyens J, De Greef D, Aerts P, Dirckx J. Volume shrinkage of bone, brain and muscle tissue in sample preparation for micro-CT and light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM). MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2014; 20:1208-17. [PMID: 24963987 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927614001329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two methods are especially suited for tomographic imaging with histological detail of macroscopic samples that consist of multiple tissue types (bone, muscle, nerve or fat): Light sheet (based) fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Micro-CT requires staining with heavy chemical elements (and thus fixation and sometimes dehydration) in order to make soft tissue imageable when measured alongside denser structures. LSMF requires fixation, decalcification, dehydration, clearing and staining with a fluorescent dye. The specimen preparation of both imaging methods is prone to shrinkage, which is often not mentioned, let alone quantified. In this paper the presence and degree of shrinkage are quantitatively identified for the selected preparation methods/stains. LSFM delivers a volume shrinkage of 17% for bone, 56% for muscle and 62% for brain tissue. The three most popular micro-CT stains (phosphotungstic acid, iodine with potassium iodide, and iodine in absolute ethanol) deliver a volume shrinkage ranging from 10 to 56% for muscle and 27-66% for brain, while bone does not shrink in micro-CT preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Buytaert
- 1Laboratory of Biomedical Physics,Groenenborgerlaan 171,2020 Antwerpen,Belgium
| | - Jana Goyens
- 1Laboratory of Biomedical Physics,Groenenborgerlaan 171,2020 Antwerpen,Belgium
| | - Daniel De Greef
- 1Laboratory of Biomedical Physics,Groenenborgerlaan 171,2020 Antwerpen,Belgium
| | - Peter Aerts
- 2Laboratory of Functional Morphology,Universiteitsplein 1,2610 Antwerp,Belgium
| | - Joris Dirckx
- 1Laboratory of Biomedical Physics,Groenenborgerlaan 171,2020 Antwerpen,Belgium
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Three-dimensional histological specimen preparation for accurate imaging and spatial reconstruction of the middle and inner ear. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2013; 8:481-509. [PMID: 23633112 PMCID: PMC3702969 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-013-0825-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper presents a highly accurate cross-sectional preparation technique. The research aim was to develop an adequate imaging modality for both soft and bony tissue structures featuring high contrast and high resolution. Therefore, the advancement of an already existing micro-grinding procedure was pursued. The central objectives were to preserve spatial relations and to ensure the accurate three-dimensional reconstruction of histological sections. METHODS Twelve human temporal bone specimens including middle and inner ear structures were utilized. They were embedded in epoxy resin, then dissected by serial grinding and finally digitalized. The actual abrasion of each grinding slice was measured using a tactile length gauge with an accuracy of one micrometre. The cross-sectional images were aligned with the aid of artificial markers and by applying a feature-based, custom-made auto-registration algorithm. To determine the accuracy of the overall reconstruction procedure, a well-known reference object was used for comparison. To ensure the compatibility of the histological data with conventional clinical image data, the image stacks were finally converted into the DICOM standard. RESULTS The image fusion of data from temporal bone specimens' and from non-destructive flat-panel-based volume computed tomography confirmed the spatial accuracy achieved by the procedure, as did the evaluation using the reference object. CONCLUSION This systematic and easy-to-follow preparation technique enables the three-dimensional (3D) histological reconstruction of complex soft and bony tissue structures. It facilitates the creation of detailed and spatially correct 3D anatomical models. Such models are of great benefit for image-based segmentation and planning in the field of computer-assisted surgery as well as in finite element analysis. In the context of human inner ear surgery, three-dimensional histology will improve the experimental evaluation and determination of intra-cochlear trauma after the insertion of an electrode array of a cochlear implant system.
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Cros O, Borga M, Pauwels E, Dirckx JJJ, Gaihede M. Micro-channels in the mastoid anatomy. Indications of a separate blood supply of the air cell system mucosa by micro-CT scanning. Hear Res 2013; 301:60-5. [PMID: 23518400 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The mastoid air cell system has traditionally been considered to have a passive role in gas exchange and pressure regulation of the middle ear possibly with some acoustic function. However, more evidence has focused on the mucosa of the mastoid, which may play a more active role in regulation of middle ear pressure. In this study we have applied micro-CT scanning on a series of three human temporal bones. This approach greatly enhances the resolution (40-60 μm), so that we have discovered anatomical details, which has not been reported earlier. Thus, qualitative analysis using volume rendering has demonstrated notable micro-channels connecting the surface of the compact bone directly to the mastoid air cells as well as forming a network of connections between the air cells. Quantitative analysis on 2D slices was employed to determine the average diameter of these micro-channels (158 μm; range = 40-440 μm) as well as their density at a localized area (average = 75 cm(-2); range = 64-97 cm(-2)). These channels are hypothesized to contain a separate vascular supply for the mastoid mucosa. However, future studies of the histological structure of the micro-channels are warranted to confirm the hypothesis. Studies on the mastoid mucosa and its blood supply may improve our knowledge of its physiological properties, which may have important implications for our understanding of the pressure regulation of the middle ear. This article is part of a special issue entitled "MEMRO 2012".
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Cros
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.
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Buytaert JAN, Johnson SB, Dierick M, Salih WHM, Santi PA. MicroCT versus sTSLIM 3D imaging of the mouse cochlea. J Histochem Cytochem 2013; 61:382-95. [PMID: 23360693 DOI: 10.1369/0022155413478613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We made a qualitative and quantitative comparison between a state-of-the-art implementation of micro-Computed Tomography (microCT) and the scanning Thin-Sheet Laser Imaging Microscopy (sTSLIM) method, applied to mouse cochleae. Both imaging methods are non-destructive and perform optical sectioning, respectively, with X-rays and laser light. MicroCT can be used on fresh or fixed tissue samples and is primarily designed to image bone rather than soft tissues. It requires complex back-projection algorithms to produce a two-dimensional image, and it is an expensive instrument. sTSLIM requires that a specimen be chemically fixed, decalcified, and cleared; but it produces high-resolution images of soft and bony tissues with minimum image postprocessing and is less expensive than microCT. In this article, we discuss the merits and disadvantages of each method individually and when combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A N Buytaert
- Laboratory of BioMedical Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium.
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Buytaert JAN, Salih WHM, Dierick M, Jacobs P, Dirckx JJJ. Realistic 3D computer model of the gerbil middle ear, featuring accurate morphology of bone and soft tissue structures. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2011; 12:681-96. [PMID: 21751073 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-011-0281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve realism in middle ear (ME) finite-element modeling (FEM), comprehensive and precise morphological data are needed. To date, micro-scale X-ray computed tomography (μCT) recordings have been used as geometric input data for FEM models of the ME ossicles. Previously, attempts were made to obtain these data on ME soft tissue structures as well. However, due to low X-ray absorption of soft tissue, quality of these images is limited. Another popular approach is using histological sections as data for 3D models, delivering high in-plane resolution for the sections, but the technique is destructive in nature and registration of the sections is difficult. We combine data from high-resolution μCT recordings with data from high-resolution orthogonal-plane fluorescence optical-sectioning microscopy (OPFOS), both obtained on the same gerbil specimen. State-of-the-art μCT delivers high-resolution data on the 3D shape of ossicles and other ME bony structures, while the OPFOS setup generates data of unprecedented quality both on bone and soft tissue ME structures. Each of these techniques is tomographic and non-destructive and delivers sets of automatically aligned virtual sections. The datasets coming from different techniques need to be registered with respect to each other. By combining both datasets, we obtain a complete high-resolution morphological model of all functional components in the gerbil ME. The resulting 3D model can be readily imported in FEM software and is made freely available to the research community. In this paper, we discuss the methods used, present the resulting merged model, and discuss the morphological properties of the soft tissue structures, such as muscles and ligaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A N Buytaert
- Laboratory of BioMedical Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
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