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Chen J, Wang S, Wang K, Abiri P, Huang Z, Yin J, Jabalera AM, Arianpour B, Roustaei M, Zhu E, Zhao P, Cavallero S, Duarte‐Vogel S, Stark E, Luo Y, Benharash P, Tai Y, Cui Q, Hsiai TK. Machine learning-directed electrical impedance tomography to predict metabolically vulnerable plaques. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10616. [PMID: 38193119 PMCID: PMC10771559 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The characterization of atherosclerotic plaques to predict their vulnerability to rupture remains a diagnostic challenge. Despite existing imaging modalities, none have proven their abilities to identify metabolically active oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), a marker of plaque vulnerability. To this end, we developed a machine learning-directed electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) platform to analyze oxLDL-rich plaques, with immunohistology serving as the ground truth. We fabricated the EIS sensor by affixing a six-point microelectrode configuration onto a silicone balloon catheter and electroplating the surface with platinum black (PtB) to improve the charge transfer efficiency at the electrochemical interface. To demonstrate clinical translation, we deployed the EIS sensor to the coronary arteries of an explanted human heart from a patient undergoing heart transplant and interrogated the atherosclerotic lesions to reconstruct the 3D EIS profiles of oxLDL-rich atherosclerotic plaques in both right coronary and left descending coronary arteries. To establish effective generalization of our methods, we repeated the reconstruction and training process on the common carotid arteries of an unembalmed human cadaver specimen. Our findings indicated that our DenseNet model achieves the most reliable predictions for metabolically vulnerable plaque, yielding an accuracy of 92.59% after 100 epochs of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of EngineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Shaolei Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of EngineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kaidong Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Parinaz Abiri
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of EngineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Zi‐Yu Huang
- Department of Medical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Junyi Yin
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of EngineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alejandro M. Jabalera
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of EngineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Brian Arianpour
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of EngineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mehrdad Roustaei
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of EngineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Enbo Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Peng Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Susana Cavallero
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineGreater Los Angeles VA Healthcare SystemLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sandra Duarte‐Vogel
- Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Elena Stark
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Medical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Peyman Benharash
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yu‐Chong Tai
- Department of Medical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Qingyu Cui
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tzung K. Hsiai
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of EngineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Medical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineGreater Los Angeles VA Healthcare SystemLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Wang S, Cui Q, Abiri P, Roustaei M, Zhu E, Li YR, Wang K, Duarte S, Yang L, Ebrahimi R, Bersohn M, Chen J, Hsiai TK. A self-assembled implantable microtubular pacemaker for wireless cardiac electrotherapy. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadj0540. [PMID: 37851816 PMCID: PMC10584332 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The current cardiac pacemakers are battery dependent, and the pacing leads are prone to introduce valve damage and infection, plus a complete pacemaker retrieval is needed for battery replacement. Despite the reported wireless bioelectronics to pace the epicardium, open-chest surgery (thoracotomy) is required to implant the device, and the procedure is invasive, requiring prolonged wound healing and health care burden. We hereby demonstrate a fully biocompatible wireless microelectronics with a self-assembled design that can be rolled into a lightweight microtubular pacemaker for intravascular implantation and pacing. The radio frequency was used to transfer energy to the microtubular pacemaker for electrical stimulation. We show that this pacemaker provides effective pacing to restore cardiac contraction from a nonbeating heart and have the capacity to perform overdrive pacing to augment blood circulation in an anesthetized pig model. Thus, this microtubular pacemaker paves the way for the minimally invasive implantation of leadless and battery-free microelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolei Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Qingyu Cui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Parinaz Abiri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mehrdad Roustaei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Enbo Zhu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kaidong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, Great Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Sandra Duarte
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ramin Ebrahimi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, Great Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Malcolm Bersohn
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, Great Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tzung K. Hsiai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, Great Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
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3
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Jeong ISD, Abiri P, Cai J, Yim C, Powell L. A Case of Non-cirrhotic Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy in a Patient With Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. Cureus 2023; 15:e37541. [PMID: 37193452 PMCID: PMC10182871 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute toxic encephalopathy (ATE) is a widely recognized medical emergency with an expansive differential. One particular known etiology for ATE is elevated ammonia, a powerful neurotoxin that often presents with clinical findings of confusion, disorientation, tremors, and in severe cases, coma and death. Hyperammonemia is most commonly associated with liver disease and presents as hepatic encephalopathy in the setting of decompensated cirrhosis; however, in rare cases, a patient may suffer from non-cirrhotic hyperammonemic encephalopathy. We describe the case of a 61-year-old male with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor who was diagnosed with non-cirrhotic hyperammonemic encephalopathy, and briefly explore the literature describing its mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Seok D Jeong
- Internal Medicine, Olive View - University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Sylmar, USA
| | - Parinaz Abiri
- Internal Medicine, Olive View - University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Sylmar, USA
| | - Johnny Cai
- Hematology and Oncology, Olive View - University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Sylmar, USA
| | - Catherine Yim
- Neurology/Radiology, Olive View - University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Sylmar, USA
| | - Leland Powell
- Hematology and Oncology, Olive View - University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Sylmar, USA
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Cui Q, Abiri P, Cavallero S, Tai YC, Hsiai TK. Abstract P2086: Wirelessly Powered Miniaturized Intravascular Pacemaker Based On Inductive Coupling. Circ Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/res.131.suppl_1.p2086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Despite unparalleled advantages, clinical lead-associated complications of the conventional pacemakers remain to compromise patient safety and survival, accounting for nearly 10% of all implants. The leadless pacemakers from Medtronic or St. Jude Medical are revolutionary products, however, the integrated battery introduced new clinical constraints and health risks. Therefore, developing leadless pacemakers incorporating wireless powering owns special clinical significance to further the miniaturized integration and reduce the repetitive mechanical workload for the hearts.
Methods and Results:
Hereby, we achieved the leadless intravascular miniaturized pacemaker powered by electromagnetic inductive coupling. The miniaturized assembling was built up from flexible circuit boards, integrating with receiver coils and tiny electrical components for the RF-DC converting. The substrate circuit board will be bent into a cylinder with a diameter of 2.7 mm and filled with PDMS to achieve the electrical isolation and form a narrower tip for easy insertions (Figure 1a,b). The voltage of DC pulse converted at the wireless pacemaker depends on the DC voltage for the RF amplifier and the gap between the coils, ranging from 0.5V to 5V or higher (Figure 1c). After inserting the pacemaker into the anterior vein, the pacing demonstration showed the stimulation spikes and the following regular cardiac Q-R-S-T waves, indicating the pacemaker can stimulate the intrinsic cardiac rhythms (Figure 1d,e).
Conclusions:
The proposed medical device reveals the potentials of cardiac pacing from the anterior veins and paved the way to further device miniaturization for the intravascular deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Cui
- Sch of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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5
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Perley A, Roustaei M, Aguilar-Rivera M, Kunkel DC, Hsiai TK, Coleman TP, Abiri P. Miniaturized wireless gastric pacing via inductive power transfer with non-invasive monitoring using cutaneous Electrogastrography. Bioelectron Med 2021; 7:12. [PMID: 34425917 PMCID: PMC8383397 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-021-00074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastroparesis is a debilitating disease that is often refractory to pharmacotherapy. While gastric electrical stimulation has been studied as a potential treatment, current devices are limited by surgical complications and an incomplete understanding of the mechanism by which electrical stimulation affects physiology. METHODS A leadless inductively-powered pacemaker was implanted on the gastric serosa in an anesthetized pig. Wireless pacing was performed at transmitter-to-receiver distances up to 20 mm, frequency of 0.05 Hz, and pulse width of 400 ms. Electrogastrogram (EGG) recordings using cutaneous and serosal electrode arrays were analyzed to compute spectral and spatial statistical parameters associated with the slow wave. RESULTS Our data demonstrated evident change in EGG signal patterns upon initiation of pacing. A buffer period was noted before a pattern of entrainment appeared with consistent and low variability in slow wave direction. A spectral power increase in the EGG frequency band during entrainment also suggested that pacing increased strength of the slow wave. CONCLUSION Our preliminary in vivo study using wireless pacing and concurrent EGG recording established the foundations for a minimally invasive approach to understand and optimize the effect of pacing on gastric motor activity as a means to treat conditions of gastric dysmotility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Perley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mehrdad Roustaei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Marcelo Aguilar-Rivera
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - David C Kunkel
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Todd P Coleman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Parinaz Abiri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Chen JL, Abiri P, Tsui E. Recent advances in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2021; 13:2515841420984572. [PMID: 33681703 PMCID: PMC7897841 DOI: 10.1177/2515841420984572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis has an estimated prevalence of 10-20% in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, making it the most common cause of chronic anterior uveitis in children. Prompt treatment is important to prevent development of ocular complications and permanent vision loss. In this review, we will discuss the use of immunosuppression in treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. This will include the use of conventional immunosuppressants, such as methotrexate, biologic anti-tumor necrosis factor agents, such as adalimumab, as well as other anti-tumor necrosis factor agents, including infliximab and golimumab. In addition, we will discuss medications currently in clinical trials or under consideration for juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis, including interleukin-6 inhibitors (tocilizumab) and Janus kinase inhibitors (tofacitinib, baricitinib).
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy L Chen
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Parinaz Abiri
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edmund Tsui
- Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 200 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7003, USA
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Abiri P, Duarte-Vogel S, Chou TC, Abiri A, Gudapati V, Yousefi A, Roustaei M, Chang CC, Cui Q, Hsu JJ, Bersohn M, Markovic D, Chen J, Tai YC, Hsiai TK. In Vivo Intravascular Pacing Using a Wireless Microscale Stimulator. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:2094-2102. [PMID: 33537925 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-021-02729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Millions of patients worldwide are implanted with permanent pacemakers for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disorders. The increased use of these devices has established a growing clinical need to mitigate associated complications. Pacemaker leads, in particular, present the primary risks in most implants. While wireless power transfer holds great promise in eliminating implantable device leads, anatomical constraints limit efficient wireless transmission over the necessary operational range. We thereby developed a transmitter-centered control system for wireless power transfer with sufficient power for continuous cardiac pacing. Device safety was validated using a computational model of the system within an MRI-based anatomical model. The pacer was then fabricated to meet the acute constraints of the anterior cardiac vein (ACV) to enable intravascular deployment while maintaining power efficiency. Our computational model revealed the wireless system to operate at > 50 times below the tissue energy absorption safety criteria. We further demonstrated the capacity for ex vivo pacing of pig hearts at 60 beats per minute (BPM) and in vivo pacing at 120 BPM following pacer deployment in the ACV. This work thus established the capacity for wireless intravascular pacing with the potential to eliminate complications associated with current lead-based deep tissue implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Abiri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sandra Duarte-Vogel
- Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tzu-Chieh Chou
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Arash Abiri
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Varun Gudapati
- Department of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alireza Yousefi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mehrdad Roustaei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chih-Chiang Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Qingyu Cui
- Department of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Hsu
- Department of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Malcolm Bersohn
- Department of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dejan Markovic
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yu-Chong Tai
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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Chang CC, Chu A, Meyer S, Ding Y, Sun MM, Abiri P, Baek KI, Gudapati V, Ding X, Guihard P, Bostrom KI, Li S, Gordon LK, Zheng JJ, Hsiai TK. Three-dimensional Imaging Coupled with Topological Quantification Uncovers Retinal Vascular Plexuses Undergoing Obliteration. Theranostics 2021; 11:1162-1175. [PMID: 33391527 PMCID: PMC7738897 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Murine models provide microvascular insights into the 3-D network disarray seen in retinopathy and cardiovascular diseases. Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) has emerged to capture retinal vasculature in 3-D, allowing for assessment of the progression of retinopathy and the potential to screen new therapeutic targets in mice. We hereby coupled LSFM, also known as selective plane illumination microscopy, with topological quantification, to characterize the retinal vascular plexuses undergoing preferential obliteration. Method and Result: In postnatal mice, we revealed the 3-D retinal microvascular network in which the vertical sprouts bridge the primary (inner) and secondary (outer) plexuses, whereas, in an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model, we demonstrated preferential obliteration of the secondary plexus and bridging vessels with a relatively unscathed primary plexus. Using clustering coefficients and Euler numbers, we computed the local versus global vascular connectivity. While local connectivity was preserved (p > 0.05, n = 5 vs. normoxia), the global vascular connectivity in hyperoxia-exposed retinas was significantly reduced (p < 0.05, n = 5 vs. normoxia). Applying principal component analysis (PCA) for auto-segmentation of the vertical sprouts, we corroborated the obliteration of the vertical sprouts bridging the secondary plexuses, as evidenced by impaired vascular branching and connectivity, and reduction in vessel volumes and lengths (p < 0.05, n = 5 vs. normoxia). Conclusion: Coupling 3-D LSFM with topological quantification uncovered the retinal vasculature undergoing hyperoxia-induced obliteration from the secondary (outer) plexus to the vertical sprouts. The use of clustering coefficients, Euler's number, and PCA provided new network insights into OIR-associated vascular obliteration, with translational significance for investigating therapeutic interventions to prevent visual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chiang Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alison Chu
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Scott Meyer
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yichen Ding
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michel M. Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Parinaz Abiri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kyung In Baek
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Varun Gudapati
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xili Ding
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Pierre Guihard
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kristina I. Bostrom
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
- Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lynn K. Gordon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jie J. Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tzung K. Hsiai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
- Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
- Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
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9
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Abiri P, Yousefi A, Abiri A, Gudapati V, Ding Y, Nguyen KL, Abiri A, Markovic D, Tai YC, Hsiai TK. A Multi-Dimensional Analysis of a Novel Approach for Wireless Stimulation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 67:3307-3316. [PMID: 32248088 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.2983443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The elimination of integrated batteries in biomedical implants holds great promise for improving health outcomes in patients with implantable devices. However, despite extensive research in wireless power transfer, achieving efficient power transfer and effective operational range have remained a hindering challenge within anatomical constraints. OBJECTIVE We hereby demonstrate an intravascular wireless and batteryless microscale stimulator, designed for (1) low power dissipation via intermittent transmission and (2) reduced fixation mechanical burden via deployment to the anterior cardiac vein (ACV, ∼3.8 mm in diameter). METHODS We introduced a unique coil design circumferentially confined to a 3 mm diameter hollow-cylinder that was driven by a novel transmitter-based control architecture with improved power efficiency. RESULTS We examined wireless capacity using heterogenous bovine tissue, demonstrating >5 V stimulation threshold with up to 20 mm transmitter-receiver displacement and 20° of misalignment. Feasibility for human use was validated using Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation of the cardiac cycle, guided by pacer phantom-integrated Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI). CONCLUSION This system design thus enabled sufficient wireless power transfer in the face of extensive stimulator miniaturization. SIGNIFICANCE Our successful feasibility studies demonstrated the capacity for minimally invasive deployment and low-risk fixation.
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10
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Abiri A, Abiri P, Goshtasbi K, Lehrich BM, Sahyouni R, Hsu FPK, Cadena G, Kuan EC. Endoscopic Anterior Skull Base Reconstruction: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Graft Type. World Neurosurg 2020; 139:460-470. [PMID: 32330621 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The influence of graft type (nonautologous vs. autologous) on surgical outcomes in endoscopic anterior skull base (EASB) reconstruction is not well understood. This review systematically evaluated rates of postoperative complications of EASB repairs that utilized autologous or nonautologous grafts. METHODS Original studies reporting EASB reconstruction outcomes were extracted from PubMed, Ovid, and the Cochrane Library from database inception to 2019. Risk ratios, risk differences, χ2 tests, and multivariate logistic regression were used to evaluate outcome measures: postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, meningitis, and other major complications (OMCs). RESULTS A total of 2275 patients from 29 studies were analyzed. Rates of postoperative CSF leaks, meningitis, and OMCs were 4.0%, 1.6%, and 2.3%, respectively, using autologous grafts, and 5.0%, 0.3%, and 1.0%, respectively, using nonautologous grafts. Multivariate analysis of 118 patients demonstrated no significant differences in age, CSF flow rate, single or multilayer reconstruction, and presence of intraoperative CSF leak or lumbar drain. Meta-analyses of 6 studies yielded a risk ratio of 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19-2.14; P = 0.47) for postoperative CSF leakage, and risk differences of -0.01 (95% CI, -0.06 to 0.05; P = 0.80) and -0.02 (95% CI, -0.09 to 0.05; P = 0.51) for postoperative meningitis and OMCs, respectively. There were no significant differences in postoperative CSF leakage (P = 0.95) and OMCs (P = 0.41) between graft types among cases with intraoperative CSF leaks. However, meningitis rates were lower (P = 0.04) in the nonautologous group. CONCLUSIONS EASB reconstructions utilizing autologous and nonautologous grafts are associated with similar rates of postoperative CSF leakage and OMCs. In cases with intraoperative CSF leakage, nonautologous grafts were associated with reduced postoperative meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Abiri
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Parinaz Abiri
- School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Khodayar Goshtasbi
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Brandon M Lehrich
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ronald Sahyouni
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Frank P K Hsu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Gilbert Cadena
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Edward C Kuan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
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11
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Abiri P, Abiri A, Gudapati V, Chang CC, Roustaei M, Bourenane H, Anwar U, Markovic D, Hsiai TK. Wireless Pacing Using an Asynchronous Three-Tiered Inductive Power Transfer System. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 48:1368-1381. [PMID: 31974869 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous advancements in pacemaker technology for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disorders, lead-related complications associated with these devices continue to compromise patient safety and survival. In this work, we present a system architecture that has the capacity to deliver power to a wireless, batteryless intravascular pacer. This was made possible through a three-tiered, dual-sub-system, four-coil design, which operates on two different frequencies through intermittent remote-controlled inductive power transfer. System efficiency was enhanced using coil design optimization, and validated using numerical simulations and experimental analysis. Our pacemaker design was concepted to achieve inductive power transfer over a 55 mm range to a microscale pacer with a 3 mm diameter. Thus, the proposed system design enabled long-range wireless power transfer to a small implanted pacer with the capacity for intravascular deployment to the anterior cardiac vein. This proposed stent-like fixation mechanism can bypass the multitude of complications associated with pacemaker wires while wireless power can eliminate the need for repeated procedures for battery replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Abiri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Arash Abiri
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Varun Gudapati
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chih-Chiang Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mehrdad Roustaei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hamed Bourenane
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Usama Anwar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dejan Markovic
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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12
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Abiri A, Ding Y, Abiri P, Packard RRS, Vedula V, Marsden A, Kuo CCJ, Hsiai TK. Simulating Developmental Cardiac Morphology in Virtual Reality Using a Deformable Image Registration Approach. Ann Biomed Eng 2018; 46:2177-2188. [PMID: 30112710 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-018-02113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
While virtual reality (VR) has potential in enhancing cardiovascular diagnosis and treatment, prerequisite labor-intensive image segmentation remains an obstacle for seamlessly simulating 4-dimensional (4-D, 3-D + time) imaging data in an immersive, physiological VR environment. We applied deformable image registration (DIR) in conjunction with 3-D reconstruction and VR implementation to recapitulate developmental cardiac contractile function from light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM). This method addressed inconsistencies that would arise from independent segmentations of time-dependent data, thereby enabling the creation of a VR environment that fluently simulates cardiac morphological changes. By analyzing myocardial deformation at high spatiotemporal resolution, we interfaced quantitative computations with 4-D VR. We demonstrated that our LSFM-captured images, followed by DIR, yielded average dice similarity coefficients of 0.92 ± 0.05 (n = 510) and 0.93 ± 0.06 (n = 240) when compared to ground truth images obtained from Otsu thresholding and manual segmentation, respectively. The resulting VR environment simulates a wide-angle zoomed-in view of motion in live embryonic zebrafish hearts, in which the cardiac chambers are undergoing structural deformation throughout the cardiac cycle. Thus, this technique allows for an interactive micro-scale VR visualization of developmental cardiac morphology to enable high resolution simulation for both basic and clinical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Abiri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Yichen Ding
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Parinaz Abiri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - René R Sevag Packard
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Vijay Vedula
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alison Marsden
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - C-C Jay Kuo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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13
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Luo Y, Abiri P, Zhang S, Chang CC, Kaboodrangi AH, Li R, Bui A, Kumar R, Woo M, Li Z, Packard RRS, Tai YC, Hsiai TK, Hsiai TK. Non-Invasive Electrical Impedance Tomography for Multi-Scale Detection of Liver Fat Content. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1636-1647. [PMID: 29556346 PMCID: PMC5858172 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). While Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive gold standard to detect fatty liver, we demonstrate a low-cost and portable electrical impedance tomography (EIT) approach with circumferential abdominal electrodes for liver conductivity measurements. Methods and Results: A finite element model (FEM) was established to simulate decremental liver conductivity in response to incremental liver lipid content. To validate the FEM simulation, we performed EIT imaging on an ex vivo porcine liver in a non-conductive tank with 32 circumferentially-embedded electrodes, demonstrating a high-resolution output given a priori information on location and geometry. To further examine EIT capacity in fatty liver detection, we performed EIT measurements in age- and gender-matched New Zealand White rabbits (3 on normal, 3 on high-fat diets). Liver conductivity values were significantly distinct following the high-fat diet (p = 0.003 vs. normal diet, n=3), accompanied by histopathological evidence of hepatic fat accumulation. We further assessed EIT imaging in human subjects with MRI quantification for fat volume fraction based on Dixon procedures, demonstrating average liver conductivity of 0.331 S/m for subjects with low Body-Mass Index (BMI < 25 kg/m²) and 0.286 S/m for high BMI (> 25 kg/m²). Conclusion: We provide both the theoretical and experimental framework for a multi-scale EIT strategy to detect liver lipid content. Our preliminary studies pave the way to enhance the spatial resolution of EIT as a marker for fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California.,Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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14
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Ding Y, Abiri A, Abiri P, Li S, Chang CC, Baek KI, Hsu JJ, Sideris E, Li Y, Lee J, Segura T, Nguyen TP, Bui A, Sevag Packard RR, Fei P, Hsiai TK. Integrating light-sheet imaging with virtual reality to recapitulate developmental cardiac mechanics. JCI Insight 2017; 2:97180. [PMID: 29202458 PMCID: PMC5752380 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.97180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a limited ability to interactively study developmental cardiac mechanics and physiology. We therefore combined light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) with virtual reality (VR) to provide a hybrid platform for 3D architecture and time-dependent cardiac contractile function characterization. By taking advantage of the rapid acquisition, high axial resolution, low phototoxicity, and high fidelity in 3D and 4D (3D spatial + 1D time or spectra), this VR-LSFM hybrid methodology enables interactive visualization and quantification otherwise not available by conventional methods, such as routine optical microscopes. We hereby demonstrate multiscale applicability of VR-LSFM to (a) interrogate skin fibroblasts interacting with a hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel, (b) navigate through the endocardial trabecular network during zebrafish development, and (c) localize gene therapy-mediated potassium channel expression in adult murine hearts. We further combined our batch intensity normalized segmentation algorithm with deformable image registration to interface a VR environment with imaging computation for the analysis of cardiac contraction. Thus, the VR-LSFM hybrid platform demonstrates an efficient and robust framework for creating a user-directed microenvironment in which we uncovered developmental cardiac mechanics and physiology with high spatiotemporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Ding
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Bioengineering, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arash Abiri
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Parinaz Abiri
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Bioengineering, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shuoran Li
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department
| | - Chih-Chiang Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kyung In Baek
- Department of Bioengineering, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | - Yilei Li
- Electrical Engineering Department, and
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tatiana Segura
- Department of Bioengineering, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department
| | | | - Alexander Bui
- Department of Bioengineering, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Medical Imaging Informatics Group, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Peng Fei
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tzung K. Hsiai
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Bioengineering, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
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15
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Packard RRS, Luo Y, Abiri P, Jen N, Aksoy O, Suh WM, Tai YC, Hsiai TK. 3-D Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Mapping of Arteries to Detect Metabolically Active but Angiographically Invisible Atherosclerotic Lesions. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:2431-2442. [PMID: 28744325 PMCID: PMC5525747 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed a novel 6-point electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) sensor with 15 combinations of permutations for the 3-D mapping and detection of metabolically active atherosclerotic lesions. Two rows of 3 stretchable electrodes circumferentially separated by 120° were mounted on an inflatable balloon for intravascular deployment and endoluminal interrogation. The configuration and 15 permutations of 2-point EIS electrodes allowed for deep arterial penetration via alternating current (AC) to detect varying degrees of lipid burden with distinct impedance profiles (Ω). By virtue of the distinctive impedimetric signature of metabolically active atherosclerotic lesions, a detailed impedance map was acquired, with the 15 EIS permutations uncovering early stages of disease characterized by fatty streak lipid accumulation in the New Zealand White rabbit model of atherosclerosis. Both the equivalent circuit and statistical analyses corroborated the 3-D EIS permutations to detect small, angiographically invisible, lipid-rich lesions, with translational implications for early atherosclerotic disease detection and prevention of acute coronary syndromes or strokes.
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16
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Ding Y, Lee J, Ma J, Sung K, Yokota T, Singh N, Dooraghi M, Abiri P, Wang Y, Kulkarni RP, Nakano A, Nguyen TP, Fei P, Hsiai TK. Light-sheet fluorescence imaging to localize cardiac lineage and protein distribution. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42209. [PMID: 28165052 PMCID: PMC5292685 DOI: 10.1038/srep42209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) serves to advance developmental research and regenerative medicine. Coupled with the paralleled advances in fluorescence-friendly tissue clearing technique, our cardiac LSFM enables dual-sided illumination to rapidly uncover the architecture of murine hearts over 10 by 10 by 10 mm3 in volume; thereby allowing for localizing progenitor differentiation to the cardiomyocyte lineage and AAV9-mediated expression of exogenous transmembrane potassium channels with high contrast and resolution. Without the steps of stitching image columns, pivoting the light-sheet and sectioning the heart mechanically, we establish a holistic strategy for 3-dimentional reconstruction of the "digital murine heart" to assess aberrant cardiac structures as well as the spatial distribution of the cardiac lineages in neonates and ion-channels in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Ding
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering &Applied Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering &Applied Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jianguo Ma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kevin Sung
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering &Applied Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tomohiro Yokota
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Neha Singh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mojdeh Dooraghi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Parinaz Abiri
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering &Applied Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yibin Wang
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rajan P Kulkarni
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering &Applied Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thao P Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peng Fei
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering &Applied Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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17
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Ma J, Luo Y, Sevag Packard RR, Ma T, Ding Y, Abiri P, Tai YC, Zhou Q, Shung KK, Li R, Hsiai T. Ultrasonic Transducer-Guided Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy to Assess Lipid-Laden Plaques. Sens Actuators B Chem 2016; 235:154-161. [PMID: 27773967 PMCID: PMC5068578 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2016.04.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plaque rupture causes acute coronary syndromes and stroke. Intraplaque oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is metabolically unstable and prone to induce rupture. We designed an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) sensor to enhance the detection reproducibility of oxLDL-laden plaques. The flexible 2-point micro-electrode array for EIS was affixed to an inflatable balloon anchored onto a co-axial double layer catheter (outer diameter = 2 mm). The mechanically scanning-driven IVUS transducer (45 MHz) was deployed through the inner catheter (diameter = 1.3 mm) to the acoustic impedance matched-imaging window. Water filled the inner catheter to match acoustic impedance and air was pumped between the inner and outer catheters to inflate the balloon. The integrated EIS and IVUS sensor was deployed into the ex vivo aortas dissected from the fat-fed New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits (n=3 for fat-fed, n= 5 normal diet). IVUS imaging was able to guide the 2-point electrode to align with the plaque for EIS measurement upon balloon inflation. IVUS-guided EIS signal demonstrated reduced variability and increased reproducibility (p < 0.0001 for magnitude, p < 0.05 for phase at < 15 kHz) as compared to EIS sensor alone (p < 0.07 for impedance, p < 0.4 for phase at < 15 kHz). Thus, we enhanced topographic and EIS detection of oxLDL-laden plaques via a catheter-based integrated sensor design to enhance clinical assessment for unstable plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - René R. Sevag Packard
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yichen Ding
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Parinaz Abiri
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yu-Chong Tai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kirk K. Shung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Rongsong Li
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tzung Hsiai
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Corresponding Author: Tzung K. Hsiai, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave., CHS17-054A, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, , Telephone: 310-268-3839
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18
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Abstract
We report the first demonstration of a microfluidic platform that captures the full physiological range of mass transport in 3-D tissue culture. The basis of our method used long microfluidic channels connected to both sides of a central microtissue chamber at different downstream positions to control the mass transport distribution within the chamber. Precise control of the Péclet number (Pe), defined as the ratio of convective to diffusive transport, over nearly five orders of magnitude (0.0056 to 160) was achieved. The platform was used to systematically investigate the role of physiological mass transport on vasculogenesis. We demonstrate, for the first time, that vasculogenesis can be independently stimulated by interstitial flow (Pe > 10) or hypoxic conditions (Pe < 0.1), and not by the intermediate state (normal living tissue). This simple platform can be applied to physiological and biological studies of 3D living tissue followed by pathological disease studies, such as cancer research and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Monica L. Moya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Parinaz Abiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Christopher C.W. Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Steven C. George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Abraham P. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
- Correspondence to: Tel: +1-(949) 824-9691; Fax: +1-(949) 824-1727; , 3120 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697-2715, USA
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