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Ebrahimi R, Dennis PA, Alvarez CA, Shroyer AL, Beckham JC, Sumner JA. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Is Associated With Elevated Risk of Incident Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack in Women Veterans. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e033032. [PMID: 38410963 PMCID: PMC10944021 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with ischemic heart disease in women veterans, but evidence for associations with other cardiovascular disorders remains limited in this population. This retrospective longitudinal cohort study evaluated the association of PTSD with incident stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) in women veterans. METHODS AND RESULTS Veterans Health Administration electronic health records were used to identify women veterans aged ≥18 years engaged with Veterans Health Administration health care from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2019. We identified women veterans with and without PTSD without a history of stroke or TIA at start of follow-up. Propensity score matching was used to match groups on age, race or ethnicity, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, female-specific risk factors, a range of mental and physical health conditions, and number of prior health care visits. PTSD, stroke, TIA, and risk factors used in propensity score matching were based on diagnostic codes. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for associations of PTSD with an incident stroke/TIA composite. Subanalyses considered stroke and TIA separately, plus age- and race- or ethnicity-stratified analyses were carried out. The analytic sample included 208 092 women veterans (104 046 with and 104 046 without PTSD). PTSD was associated with a greater rate of developing stroke/TIA (HR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.25-1.42], P<0.001). This elevated risk was especially pronounced in women <50 years old and in Hispanic/Latina women. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate a strong association of PTSD with incident stroke/TIA in women veterans. Research is needed to determine whether addressing PTSD and its downstream consequences can offset this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Ebrahimi
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of MedicineVeterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare SystemLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Paul A. Dennis
- Department of Population Health SciencesDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA
- Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA
| | - Carlos A. Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacy PracticeTexas Tech University Health Science CenterLubbockTXUSA
- Department of ResearchVA North Texas Health Care SystemDallasTXUSA
| | - A. Laurie Shroyer
- Department of Surgery, Renaissance School of MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
- Northport VA Medical CenterNorthportNYUSA
| | - Jean C. Beckham
- Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA
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Chen J, Wang S, Wang K, Abiri P, Huang Z, Yin J, Jabalera AM, Arianpour B, Roustaei M, Zhu E, Zhao P, Cavallero S, Duarte‐Vogel S, Stark E, Luo Y, Benharash P, Tai Y, Cui Q, Hsiai TK. Machine learning-directed electrical impedance tomography to predict metabolically vulnerable plaques. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10616. [PMID: 38193119 PMCID: PMC10771559 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The characterization of atherosclerotic plaques to predict their vulnerability to rupture remains a diagnostic challenge. Despite existing imaging modalities, none have proven their abilities to identify metabolically active oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), a marker of plaque vulnerability. To this end, we developed a machine learning-directed electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) platform to analyze oxLDL-rich plaques, with immunohistology serving as the ground truth. We fabricated the EIS sensor by affixing a six-point microelectrode configuration onto a silicone balloon catheter and electroplating the surface with platinum black (PtB) to improve the charge transfer efficiency at the electrochemical interface. To demonstrate clinical translation, we deployed the EIS sensor to the coronary arteries of an explanted human heart from a patient undergoing heart transplant and interrogated the atherosclerotic lesions to reconstruct the 3D EIS profiles of oxLDL-rich atherosclerotic plaques in both right coronary and left descending coronary arteries. To establish effective generalization of our methods, we repeated the reconstruction and training process on the common carotid arteries of an unembalmed human cadaver specimen. Our findings indicated that our DenseNet model achieves the most reliable predictions for metabolically vulnerable plaque, yielding an accuracy of 92.59% after 100 epochs of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of EngineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Shaolei Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of EngineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kaidong Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Parinaz Abiri
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of EngineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Zi‐Yu Huang
- Department of Medical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Junyi Yin
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of EngineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alejandro M. Jabalera
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of EngineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Brian Arianpour
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of EngineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mehrdad Roustaei
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of EngineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Enbo Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Peng Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Susana Cavallero
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineGreater Los Angeles VA Healthcare SystemLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sandra Duarte‐Vogel
- Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Elena Stark
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Medical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Peyman Benharash
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yu‐Chong Tai
- Department of Medical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Qingyu Cui
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tzung K. Hsiai
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of EngineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Medical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineGreater Los Angeles VA Healthcare SystemLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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