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Raineri D, Chiocchetti A, Cappellano G. Beyond the Biomarker: Unveiling the Multifaceted Role of Osteopontin in Both Physiological and Pathological Processes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:982. [PMID: 38790944 PMCID: PMC11117741 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional protein, has emerged as a fascinating subject of study due to its diverse roles in various physiological and pathological processes [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Raineri
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (A.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiocchetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (A.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cappellano
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (A.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Rivera-Cameras A, Gallegos-Arreola MP, Morán-Moguel MC, Salazar-Páramo M, Alcaraz-López MF, Echeverría-González G, Topete-Reyes JF, Franco-Chávez SA, Dávalos-Rodríguez IP. Association of the rs1126616 and rs9138 Variants in the SPP1 Gene among Mexican Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1000. [PMID: 38256074 PMCID: PMC10816335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem disease considered a prototype of the main autoimmune disease and presents serious complications, such as lupus nephritis (LN), which generates a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. The SPP1 gene encodes the osteopontin (OPN) protein, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of inflammation and immunity. The variants rs1126616 and rs9138 of this gene have been associated with the inflammatory response. The study aims to analyze the association of the rs1126616 and rs9138 variants of the SPP1 gene in SLE Mexican-Mestizo patients without LN (SLE-LN). In this cross-sectional study, a total of 171 genomic DNA samples from SLE patients were clinically confirmed, of which 111 were SLE without LN, 60 were SLE with LN, and 100 healthy individuals were included as reference group. The rs1126616 variant was genotyped using PCR-RFLPs, and the rs9138 variant was genotyped using qPCR TaqMan. The TT genotype, the recessive model [OR 2.76 (95% CI 1.31-5.82), p = 0.011], and the T allele [OR 2.0 (95% CI 1.26-3.16), p = 0.003] of the rs1126616 variant are risk factors for SLE with LN. By contrast, the rs9138 variant did not show statistically significant differences among SLE patients stratified by LN. In our study of SLE Mexican-Mestizo patients with and without NL, demographic and clinical characteristics do not differ from other SLE populations, and the TT genotype of the rs1126616 variant of the SPP1 gene confers a risk factor for the presentation of LN. Otherwise, the rs9138 variant did not show association with NL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rivera-Cameras
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (A.R.-C.); (M.P.G.-A.)
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Martha Patricia Gallegos-Arreola
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (A.R.-C.); (M.P.G.-A.)
| | - María Cristina Morán-Moguel
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Mario Salazar-Páramo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Miriam Fabiola Alcaraz-López
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital General Regional 46, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44910, Mexico;
| | - Gustavo Echeverría-González
- Servicio de Reumatología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44329, Mexico;
| | - Jorge Fernando Topete-Reyes
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital General Regional 46, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44910, Mexico;
| | - Sergio Adalberto Franco-Chávez
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Ingrid Patricia Dávalos-Rodríguez
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (A.R.-C.); (M.P.G.-A.)
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
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Aubin AM, Lombard-Vadnais F, Collin R, Aliesky HA, McLachlan SM, Lesage S. The NOD Mouse Beyond Autoimmune Diabetes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:874769. [PMID: 35572553 PMCID: PMC9102607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.874769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diabetes arises spontaneously in Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice, and the pathophysiology of this disease shares many similarities with human type 1 diabetes. Since its generation in 1980, the NOD mouse, derived from the Cataract Shinogi strain, has represented the gold standard of spontaneous disease models, allowing to investigate autoimmune diabetes disease progression and susceptibility traits, as well as to test a wide array of potential treatments and therapies. Beyond autoimmune diabetes, NOD mice also exhibit polyautoimmunity, presenting with a low incidence of autoimmune thyroiditis and Sjögren’s syndrome. Genetic manipulation of the NOD strain has led to the generation of new mouse models facilitating the study of these and other autoimmune pathologies. For instance, following deletion of specific genes or via insertion of resistance alleles at genetic loci, NOD mice can become fully resistant to autoimmune diabetes; yet the newly generated diabetes-resistant NOD strains often show a high incidence of other autoimmune diseases. This suggests that the NOD genetic background is highly autoimmune-prone and that genetic manipulations can shift the autoimmune response from the pancreas to other organs. Overall, multiple NOD variant strains have become invaluable tools for understanding the pathophysiology of and for dissecting the genetic susceptibility of organ-specific autoimmune diseases. An interesting commonality to all autoimmune diseases developing in variant strains of the NOD mice is the presence of autoantibodies. This review will present the NOD mouse as a model for studying autoimmune diseases beyond autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Aubin
- Immunology-Oncology Division, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Félix Lombard-Vadnais
- Immunology-Oncology Division, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Roxanne Collin
- Immunology-Oncology Division, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- CellCarta, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Holly A. Aliesky
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sandra M. McLachlan
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Immunology-Oncology Division, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Sylvie Lesage, ;
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Biernacki T, Kokas Z, Sandi D, Füvesi J, Fricska-Nagy Z, Faragó P, Kincses TZ, Klivényi P, Bencsik K, Vécsei L. Emerging Biomarkers of Multiple Sclerosis in the Blood and the CSF: A Focus on Neurofilaments and Therapeutic Considerations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063383. [PMID: 35328802 PMCID: PMC8951485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common immune-mediated chronic neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting young people. This is due to the permanent disability, cognitive impairment, and the enormous detrimental impact MS can exert on a patient's health-related quality of life. It is of great importance to recognise it in time and commence adequate treatment at an early stage. The currently used disease-modifying therapies (DMT) aim to reduce disease activity and thus halt disability development, which in current clinical practice are monitored by clinical and imaging parameters but not by biomarkers found in blood and/or the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Both clinical and radiological measures routinely used to monitor disease activity lack information on the fundamental pathophysiological features and mechanisms of MS. Furthermore, they lag behind the disease process itself. By the time a clinical relapse becomes evident or a new lesion appears on the MRI scan, potentially irreversible damage has already occurred in the CNS. In recent years, several biomarkers that previously have been linked to other neurological and immunological diseases have received increased attention in MS. Additionally, other novel, potential biomarkers with prognostic and diagnostic properties have been detected in the CSF and blood of MS patients. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarise the most up-to-date knowledge and research conducted on the already known and most promising new biomarker candidates found in the CSF and blood of MS patients. DISCUSSION the current diagnostic criteria of MS relies on three pillars: MRI imaging, clinical events, and the presence of oligoclonal bands in the CSF (which was reinstated into the diagnostic criteria by the most recent revision). Even though the most recent McDonald criteria made the diagnosis of MS faster than the prior iteration, it is still not an infallible diagnostic toolset, especially at the very early stage of the clinically isolated syndrome. Together with the gold standard MRI and clinical measures, ancillary blood and CSF biomarkers may not just improve diagnostic accuracy and speed but very well may become agents to monitor therapeutic efficacy and make even more personalised treatment in MS a reality in the near future. The major disadvantage of these biomarkers in the past has been the need to obtain CSF to measure them. However, the recent advances in extremely sensitive immunoassays made their measurement possible from peripheral blood even when present only in minuscule concentrations. This should mark the beginning of a new biomarker research and utilisation era in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Biernacki
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Zsófia Kokas
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Dániel Sandi
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Judit Füvesi
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Zsanett Fricska-Nagy
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Péter Faragó
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Tamás Zsigmond Kincses
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Radiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Klivényi
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Krisztina Bencsik
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - László Vécsei
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-545-356; Fax: +36-62-545-597
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Xu C, Wu Y, Liu N. Osteopontin in autoimmune disorders: current knowledge and future perspective. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:385-396. [PMID: 35235108 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional cytokine and adhesion molecule, as well as an unusual regulator for both innate and adaptive immune responses. Several immune cells can produce OPN, including dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and T lymphocytes. OPN expression is reported to be increased in a wide range of disorders, including autoimmunity, cancer, and allergy. The overexpression of OPN in several autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), Type 1 diabetes (T1D), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Sjögren's, and myasthenia gravis, have been shown to be correlated with disease severity. Regarding the important regulatory roles of OPN in the immune system, this study aimed to review the role of this molecule in autoimmune disorders and to provide a complete view of the current knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canhua Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No. 16, Meiguan Avenue, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yaohong Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No. 16, Meiguan Avenue, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No. 16, Meiguan Avenue, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
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Kaleta B, Lachota M, Łukaszkiewicz J, Woźniacka A, Bogaczewicz J. Osteopontin Gene Polymorphisms rs1126616 C>T and rs1126772 A>G are Associated with Atopic Dermatitis in Polish Population. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2021; 14:417-425. [PMID: 34675603 PMCID: PMC8502056 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s323735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disease, caused by environmental and genetic factors, which lead to immunological abnormalities. Osteopontin (OPN), also named secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), is a protein involved in the pathogenesis of numerous autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. However, its role in AD has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we aim to gain an insight into the role of OPN in AD pathogenesis through investigating its gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their possible associations with disease clinical features. Patients and Methods A total of 182 Caucasian participants (45 AD patients and 137 gender- and age-matched controls) were studied. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples. Genotyping for the rs1126616 C>T, rs1126772 A>G, rs9138 A>C, and rs3841116 T>G SNPs was performed by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The frequency of the minor TT genotype and the T allele of rs1126616 C>T was higher in AD patients compared to controls (P = 0.019, OD = 4.86, 95% CI = 1.46–16.20, and P = 0.047, OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.04–3.00, respectively) and was associated with the higher prevalence of asthma (P = 0.017, OR = 3.73, 95% CI = 0.71–19.67, and P = 0.004, OR = 3.96, 95% CI = 1.53–10.25, respectively). Likewise, the minor GG genotype and the G allele of rs1126772 A>G were more frequent in AD patients (P = 0.026, OR = 3.27, 95% CI = 1.29–8.33, and P = 0.013, OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.18–3.21, respectively) and were associated with the increased incidence of asthma (P = 0.016, OR = 5.06, 95% CI = 1.14–22.49, and P = 0.002, OR = 4.40, 95% CI = 1.71–11.35, respectively). Furthermore, haplotype frequency estimation determined the four-loci haplotype TGCT, as a significant risk factor for AD compared to controls (P = 0.031, OR = 9.48, 95% CI = 1.23–71.91). Conclusion Our results suggest that the variation in the OPN gene might be associated with AD and increased incidence of asthma in Caucasians. Further studies should be conducted to look into the possible role of OPN as a biomarker for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kaleta
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mieszko Lachota
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Łukaszkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Woźniacka
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Cappellano G, Vecchio D, Magistrelli L, Clemente N, Raineri D, Barbero Mazzucca C, Virgilio E, Dianzani U, Chiocchetti A, Comi C. The Yin-Yang of osteopontin in nervous system diseases: damage versus repair. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1131-1137. [PMID: 33269761 PMCID: PMC8224140 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.300328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin is a broadly expressed pleiotropic protein, and is attracting increased attention because of its role in the pathophysiology of several inflammatory, degenerative, autoimmune, and oncologic diseases. In fact, in the last decade, several studies have shown that osteopontin contributes to tissue damage not only by recruiting harmful inflammatory cells to the site of lesion, but also increasing their survival. The detrimental role of osteopontin has been indeed well documented in the context of different neurological conditions (i.e., multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's diseases). Intriguingly, recent findings show that osteopontin is involved not only in promoting tissue damage (the Yin), but also in repair/regenerative mechanisms (the Yang), mostly triggered by the inflammatory response. These two apparently discordant roles are partly related to the presence of different functional domains in the osteopontin molecule, which are exposed after thrombin or metalloproteases cleavages. Such functional domains may in turn activate intracellular signaling pathways and mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. This review describes the current knowledge on the Yin and Yang features of osteopontin in nervous system diseases. Understanding the mechanisms behind the Yin/Yang would be relevant to develop highly specific tools targeting this multifunctional protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cappellano
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD); Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Domizia Vecchio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Neurology Unit, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Magistrelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Neurology Unit, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara; PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Medical Humanities, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Raineri
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD); Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Camilla Barbero Mazzucca
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD); Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Virgilio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Neurology Unit, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD); Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiocchetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD); Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Neurology Unit, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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TAM Receptor Pathways at the Crossroads of Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:2387614. [PMID: 31636733 PMCID: PMC6766163 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2387614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that pathogenic mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration are strongly linked with neuroinflammatory responses. Tyro3, Axl, and Mertk (TAM receptors) constitute a subgroup of the receptor tyrosine kinase family, cell surface receptors which transmit signals from the extracellular space to the cytoplasm and nucleus. TAM receptors and the corresponding ligands, Growth Arrest Specific 6 and Protein S, are expressed in different tissues, including the nervous system, playing complex roles in tissue repair, inflammation and cell survival, proliferation, and migration. In the nervous system, TAM receptor signalling modulates neurogenesis and neuronal migration, synaptic plasticity, microglial activation, phagocytosis, myelination, and peripheral nerve repair, resulting in potential interest in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Multiple Sclerosis. In Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, a role of TAM receptors in neuronal survival and pathological protein aggregate clearance has been suggested, while in Multiple Sclerosis TAM receptors are involved in myelination and demyelination processes. To better clarify roles and pathways involving TAM receptors may have important therapeutic implications, given the fine modulation of multiple molecular processes which could be reached. In this review, we summarise the roles of TAM receptors in the central nervous system, focusing on the regulation of immune responses and microglial activities and analysing in vitro and in vivo studies regarding TAM signalling involvement in neurodegeneration.
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Kaleta B, Krata N, Zagożdżon R, Mucha K. Osteopontin Gene Polymorphism and Urinary OPN Excretion in Patients with Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060524. [PMID: 31159229 PMCID: PMC6628186 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a glycoprotein involved in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. However, the association of variants of secreted phosphoprotein 1 gene (SPP1), which encodes OPN, with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) has not been examined up to date. Moreover, the role of OPN in disease pathogenesis and clinical manifestations is not fully known. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the frequency of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNiPs) of SPP1 gene, as well as the urinary OPN excretion in IgAN patients and healthy controls. In total, 58 Caucasian patients with biopsy-proven IgAN and 184 gender-, age-, and ethnically-matched healthy controls were genotyped for rs1126616, rs1126772, rs9138, and rs7687316/rs3841116 polymorphisms by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Urinary OPN concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 58 IgAN patients and 19 controls. SPP1 SNiPs, as well as urinary OPN excretion, were analyzed in relation to their possible associations with the clinicopathological parameters. The frequency of the minor TT/CT genotypes of rs1126616 was significantly higher in IgAN patients compared to controls (P = 0.0217). Similarly, the minor (CC/AC) genotypes and the C allele of rs9138 were more frequent in IgAN patients (P = 0.0425 and P = 0.0112, respectively). Moreover, these two SNiPs were associated with the higher urinary OPN excretion (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that rs1126616, as well as rs9138, may be associated with IgAN development, however future studies in this field are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kaleta
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Natalia Krata
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Radosław Zagożdżon
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Mucha
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland.
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative autoimmune disease with a complex clinical course characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal degeneration. Diagnosis of MS most commonly includes finding lesions in at least two separate areas of the central nervous system (CNS), including the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. In recent years, there has been a remarkable increase in the number of available treatments for MS. An optimal treatment is usually based on a personalized approach determined by an individual patient's prognosis and treatment risks. Biomarkers that can predict disability progression, monitor ongoing disease activity, and assess treatment response are integral in making important decisions regarding MS treatment. This review describes MS biomarkers that are currently being used in clinical practice; it also reviews and consolidates published findings from clinically relevant potential MS biomarkers in recent years. The work also discusses the challenges of validating and application of biomarkers in MS clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Paul
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Manuel Comabella
- Department of Neurology, MS Centre of Catalonia, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Roopali Gandhi
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Osteopontin (OPN) as a CSF and blood biomarker for multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190252. [PMID: 29346446 PMCID: PMC5773083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying a reliable biomarker may accelerate diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and lead to early management of the disease. Accumulating evidence suggest that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood concentration of osteopontin (OPN) may have diagnostic and prognostic value in MS. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that measured peripheral blood and CSF levels of OPN in MS patients and controls to evaluate the diagnostic potential of this biomarker better. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases to find articles that measured OPN concentration in peripheral blood and CSF samples from MS patients up to October 19, 2016. Q statistic tests and the I2 index were applied for heterogeneity assessment. If the I2 index was less than 40%, the fixed-effects model was used for meta-analysis. Random-effects meta-analysis was chosen if the I2 value was greater than 40%. After removal of duplicates, 918 articles were identified, and 27 of them fulfilled the inclusion criteria. We included 22 eligible studies in the final meta-analysis. MS patients, in general, had considerably higher levels of OPN in their CSF and blood when compared to all types of controls (p<0.05). When the comparisons were made between different subtypes of MS patients and controls, the results pointed to significantly higher levels of OPN in CSF of MS subgroups (p<0.05). All subtypes of MS patients, except CIS patients, had increased blood levels of OPN compared to controls (p<0.05). In the second set of meta-analyses, we compared the peripheral blood and CSF concentrations of OPN between MS patient subtypes. CIS patients had significantly lower levels of OPN both in their peripheral blood and CSF compared to patients with progressive subtypes of MS (p<0.05). CSF concentration of OPN was significantly higher among RRMS patients compared to the CIS patients and SPMS patients (P<0.05). Finally, patients with active MS had significantly higher OPN levels in their CSF compared to patients with stable disease (P = 0.007). The result of this study confirms that increased levels of OPN exist in CSF and peripheral blood of MS patients and strengthens the evidence regarding the clinical utility of OPN as a promising and validated biomarker for MS.
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Matute-Blanch C, Montalban X, Comabella M. Multiple sclerosis, and other demyelinating and autoimmune inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 146:67-84. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804279-3.00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Longitudinal Assessment of Transorbital Sonography, Visual Acuity, and Biomarkers for Inflammation and Axonal Injury in Optic Neuritis. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:5434310. [PMID: 29085182 PMCID: PMC5612304 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5434310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective To investigate the relationship between optic nerve sheath diameter, optic nerve diameter, visual acuity and osteopontin, and neurofilament heavy chain in patients with acute optic neuritis. Patients and Methods Sonographic and visual acuity assessment and biomarker measurements were executed in 23 patients with unilateral optic neuritis and in 19 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Results ONSD was thicker on the affected side at symptom onset (median 6.3 mm; interquartile range 6.0–6.5) than after 12 months (5.3 mm; 4.9–5.6; p < 0.001) or than in controls (5.2 mm; 4.8–5.5; p < 0.001). OND was significantly increased in the affected side (3.4 mm; 2.9–3.8) compared to healthy controls (2.7 mm; 2.5–2.9; p < 0.001) and was thicker at baseline than after 12 months (2.8 mm; 2.7–3.0; p < 0.01). Visual acuity improved significantly after 12 months (1.00; 0.90–1.00) compared to onset of symptoms (0.80; 0.40–1.00; p < 0.001). OPN levels were significantly higher in patients at presentation (median 6.44 ng/ml; 2.05–10.06) compared to healthy controls (3.21 ng/ml, 1.34–4.34; p < 0.03). Concentrations of NfH were significantly higher in patients than in controls. Conclusion ONSD and OND are increased in the affected eye. OPN and NfH are elevated in patients, confirming the presence of any underlying inflammation and axonal injury.
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14
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Osteopontin at the Crossroads of Inflammation and Tumor Progression. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:4049098. [PMID: 28769537 PMCID: PMC5523273 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4049098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex interactions between tumor and host cells regulate systemic tumor dissemination, a process that begins early at the primary tumor site and goes on until tumor cells detach themselves from the tumor mass and start migrating into the blood or lymphatic vessels. Metastatic cells colonize the target organs and are capable of surviving and growing at distant sites. In this context, osteopontin (OPN) appears to be a key determinant of the crosstalk between cancer cells and the host microenvironment, which in turn modulates immune evasion. OPN is overexpressed in several human carcinomas and has been implicated in inflammation, tumor progression, and metastasis. Thus, it represents one of the most attracting targets for cancer therapy. Within the tumor mass, OPN is secreted in various forms either by the tumor itself or by stroma cells, and it can exert either pro- or antitumorigenic effects according to the cell type and tumor microenvironment. Thus, targeting OPN for therapeutic purposes needs to take into account the heterogeneous functions of the multiple OPN forms with regard to cancer formation and progression. In this review, we will describe the role of systemic, tumor-derived, and stroma-derived OPN, highlighting its pivotal role at the crossroads of inflammation and tumor progression.
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Dardiotis E, Panayiotou E, Provatas A, Christodoulou K, Hadjisavvas A, Antoniades A, Lourbopoulos A, Pantzaris M, Grigoriadis N, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Kyriakides T. Gene variants of adhesion molecules act as modifiers of disease severity in MS. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2017; 4:e350. [PMID: 28473999 PMCID: PMC5405760 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the potential effect of variants in genes encoding molecules that are implicated in leukocyte trafficking into the CNS on the clinical phenotype of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: A total of 389 Greek MS cases and 336 controls were recruited in 3 MS centers from Cyprus and Greece. We genotyped 147 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 9 genes encoding for P-selectin (SELP), integrins (ITGA4, ITGB1, and ITGB7), adhesion molecules (ICAM1, VCAM1, and MADCAM1), fibronectin 1 (FN1), and osteopontin (SPP1) involved in lymphocyte adhesion and trafficking into the CNS. Clinical end points of the study were age at MS onset and MS severity as measured by the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score. Permutation testing was applied to all analyses. Results: SNPs rs6721763 of the ITGA4 and rs6532040 of the SPP1 were found to significantly influence disease severity (permutation p values: 3.00e-06 and 0.009884, respectively). SNP rs1250249 of the FN1 had a dose-dependent effect on age at disease onset (permutation p value: 0.0002). Conclusions: This study provides evidence implicating variants encoding adhesion molecules, responsible for lymphocyte adhesion and trafficking within the CNS, as modifiers of MS disease severity. These genetic biomarkers, which can be available at the time of diagnosis, may be used to assess the biological aggressiveness of the disease and thus guide decisions on treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthimios Dardiotis
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics (E.D., E.P., K.C., A.H., M.P., T.K.), Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P., G.M.H.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa; Head of Research and Developments (A.A.), Stremble Ventures LTD, Limassol, Cyprus; and 2nd Department of Neurology (A.L., N.G.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elena Panayiotou
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics (E.D., E.P., K.C., A.H., M.P., T.K.), Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P., G.M.H.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa; Head of Research and Developments (A.A.), Stremble Ventures LTD, Limassol, Cyprus; and 2nd Department of Neurology (A.L., N.G.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Provatas
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics (E.D., E.P., K.C., A.H., M.P., T.K.), Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P., G.M.H.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa; Head of Research and Developments (A.A.), Stremble Ventures LTD, Limassol, Cyprus; and 2nd Department of Neurology (A.L., N.G.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyproula Christodoulou
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics (E.D., E.P., K.C., A.H., M.P., T.K.), Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P., G.M.H.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa; Head of Research and Developments (A.A.), Stremble Ventures LTD, Limassol, Cyprus; and 2nd Department of Neurology (A.L., N.G.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas Hadjisavvas
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics (E.D., E.P., K.C., A.H., M.P., T.K.), Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P., G.M.H.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa; Head of Research and Developments (A.A.), Stremble Ventures LTD, Limassol, Cyprus; and 2nd Department of Neurology (A.L., N.G.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athos Antoniades
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics (E.D., E.P., K.C., A.H., M.P., T.K.), Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P., G.M.H.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa; Head of Research and Developments (A.A.), Stremble Ventures LTD, Limassol, Cyprus; and 2nd Department of Neurology (A.L., N.G.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Lourbopoulos
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics (E.D., E.P., K.C., A.H., M.P., T.K.), Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P., G.M.H.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa; Head of Research and Developments (A.A.), Stremble Ventures LTD, Limassol, Cyprus; and 2nd Department of Neurology (A.L., N.G.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marios Pantzaris
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics (E.D., E.P., K.C., A.H., M.P., T.K.), Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P., G.M.H.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa; Head of Research and Developments (A.A.), Stremble Ventures LTD, Limassol, Cyprus; and 2nd Department of Neurology (A.L., N.G.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics (E.D., E.P., K.C., A.H., M.P., T.K.), Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P., G.M.H.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa; Head of Research and Developments (A.A.), Stremble Ventures LTD, Limassol, Cyprus; and 2nd Department of Neurology (A.L., N.G.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios M Hadjigeorgiou
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics (E.D., E.P., K.C., A.H., M.P., T.K.), Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P., G.M.H.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa; Head of Research and Developments (A.A.), Stremble Ventures LTD, Limassol, Cyprus; and 2nd Department of Neurology (A.L., N.G.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodoros Kyriakides
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics (E.D., E.P., K.C., A.H., M.P., T.K.), Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P., G.M.H.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa; Head of Research and Developments (A.A.), Stremble Ventures LTD, Limassol, Cyprus; and 2nd Department of Neurology (A.L., N.G.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Clemente N, Comi C, Raineri D, Cappellano G, Vecchio D, Orilieri E, Gigliotti CL, Boggio E, Dianzani C, Sorosina M, Martinelli-Boneschi F, Caldano M, Bertolotto A, Ambrogio L, Sblattero D, Cena T, Leone M, Dianzani U, Chiocchetti A. Role of Anti-Osteopontin Antibodies in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:321. [PMID: 28386258 PMCID: PMC5362623 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is highly expressed in demyelinating lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). OPN is cleaved by thrombin into N- (OPN-N) and C-terminal (OPN-C) fragments with different ligands and functions. In EAE, administering recombinant OPN induces relapses, whereas treatment with anti-OPN antibodies ameliorates the disease. Anti-OPN autoantibodies (autoAbs) are spontaneously produced during EAE but have never been detected in MS. The aim of the study was to evaluate anti-OPN autoAbs in the serum of MS patients, correlate them with disease course, and recapitulate the human findings in EAE. We performed ELISA in the serum of 122 patients collected cross-sectionally, and 50 patients with relapsing–remitting (RR) disease collected at diagnosis and followed longitudinally for 10 years. In the cross-sectional patients, the autoAb levels were higher in the RR patients than in the primary- and secondary-progressive MS and healthy control groups, and they were highest in the initial stages of the disease. In the longitudinal group, the levels at diagnosis directly correlated with the number of relapses during the following 10 years. Moreover, in patients with active disease, who underwent disease-modifying treatments, autoAbs were higher than in untreated patients and were associated with low MS severity score. The autoAb displayed neutralizing activity and mainly recognized OPN-C rather than OPN-N. To confirm the clinical effect of these autoAbs in vivo, EAE was induced using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein MOG35–55 in C57BL/6 mice pre-vaccinated with ovalbumin (OVA)-linked OPN or OVA alone. We then evaluated the titer of antibodies to OPN, the clinical scores and in vitro cytokine secretion by spleen lymphocytes. Vaccination significantly induced antibodies against OPN during EAE, decreased disease severity, and the protective effect was correlated with decreased T cell secretion of interleukin 17 and interferon-γ ex vivo. The best effect was obtained with OPN-C, which induced significantly faster and more complete remission than other OPN vaccines. In conclusion, these data suggest that production of anti-OPN autoAbs may favor remission in both MS and EAE. Novel strategies boosting their levels, such as vaccination or passive immunization, may be proposed as a future strategy in personalized MS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausicaa Clemente
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO) , Novara , Italy
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Department of Translational Medicine, IRCAD, Neurology Unit, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO) , Novara , Italy
| | - Davide Raineri
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO) , Novara , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cappellano
- Division for Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Domizia Vecchio
- Department of Translational Medicine, IRCAD, Neurology Unit, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO) , Novara , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Orilieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO) , Novara , Italy
| | - Casimiro L Gigliotti
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO) , Novara , Italy
| | - Elena Boggio
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO) , Novara , Italy
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin , Torino , Italy
| | - Melissa Sorosina
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, CNS Inflammatory Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milano , Italy
| | - Filippo Martinelli-Boneschi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, CNS Inflammatory Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milano , Italy
| | - Marzia Caldano
- Neurology Unit 2, Centro Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (CRESM), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Luigi , Orbassano , Italy
| | - Antonio Bertolotto
- Neurology Unit 2, Centro Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (CRESM), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Luigi , Orbassano , Italy
| | - Luca Ambrogio
- ASO Neurologia, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Croce e Carle , Cuneo , Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Cena
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Statistics Unit, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO) , Novara , Italy
| | - Maurizio Leone
- IRCAD, Neurology Unit, Scientific Institute, Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" , San Giovanni Rotondo , Italy
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO) , Novara , Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiocchetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO) , Novara , Italy
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Comi C, Tondo G. Insights into the protective role of immunity in neurodegenerative disease. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:64-65. [PMID: 28250745 PMCID: PMC5319239 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.198980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristoforo Comi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy; Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giacomo Tondo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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18
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Clemente N, Raineri D, Cappellano G, Boggio E, Favero F, Soluri MF, Dianzani C, Comi C, Dianzani U, Chiocchetti A. Osteopontin Bridging Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Autoimmune Diseases. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:7675437. [PMID: 28097158 PMCID: PMC5206443 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7675437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) regulates the immune response at multiple levels. Physiologically, it regulates the host response to infections by driving T helper (Th) polarization and acting on both innate and adaptive immunity; pathologically, it contributes to the development of immune-mediated and inflammatory diseases. In some cases, the mechanisms of these effects have been described, but many aspects of the OPN function remain elusive. This is in part ascribable to the fact that OPN is a complex molecule with several posttranslational modifications and it may act as either an immobilized protein of the extracellular matrix or a soluble cytokine or an intracytoplasmic molecule by binding to a wide variety of molecules including crystals of calcium phosphate, several cell surface receptors, and intracytoplasmic molecules. This review describes the OPN structure, isoforms, and functions and its role in regulating the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausicaa Clemente
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Raineri
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cappellano
- Biocenter, Division for Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elena Boggio
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Favero
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Soluri
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Neurology Unit, “A. Avogadro” UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiocchetti
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
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19
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Heat shock protein 70-hom gene polymorphism and protein expression in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 298:189-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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20
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Thrombin Cleavage of Osteopontin Modulates Its Activities in Human Cells In Vitro and Mouse Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:9345495. [PMID: 27478856 PMCID: PMC4961817 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9345495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin is a proinflammatory cytokine and plays a pathogenetic role in multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), by recruiting autoreactive T cells into the central nervous system. Osteopontin functions are modulated by thrombin cleavage generating N- and C-terminal fragment, whose individual roles are only partly known. Published data are difficult to compare since they have been obtained with heterogeneous approaches. Interestingly, thrombin cleavage of osteopontin unmasks a cryptic domain of interaction with α4β1 integrin that is the main adhesion molecule involved in lymphocyte transmigration to the brain and is the target for natalizumab, the most potent drug preventing relapses. We produced recombinant osteopontin and its N- and C-terminal fragments in an eukaryotic system in order to allow their posttranslational modifications. We investigated, in vitro, their effect on human cells and in vivo in EAE. We found that the osteopontin cleavage plays a key role in the function of this cytokine and that the two fragments exert distinct effects both in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that drugs targeting each fragment may be used to fine-tune the pathological effects of osteopontin in several diseases.
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Saigoh K, Yoshimura S, Izumikawa T, Miyata S, Tabara Y, Matsushita T, Miki T, Miyamoto K, Hirano M, Kitagawa H, Kira JI, Kusunoki S. Chondroitin sulfate β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-1 (ChGn-1) polymorphism: Association with progression of multiple sclerosis. Neurosci Res 2016; 108:55-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Type 1 diabetes and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis: What is the truth? Mult Scler Relat Disord 2016; 7:14-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Chd7 cooperates with Sox10 and regulates the onset of CNS myelination and remyelination. Nat Neurosci 2016; 19:678-689. [PMID: 26928066 PMCID: PMC4846514 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in CHD7, encoding ATP-dependent chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 7, in CHARGE syndrome leads to multiple congenital anomalies including craniofacial malformations, neurological dysfunction and growth delay. Currently, mechanisms underlying the CNS phenotypes remain poorly understood. Here, we show that Chd7 is a direct transcriptional target of oligodendrogenesis-promoting factors Olig2 and Smarca4/Brg1, and is required for proper onset of CNS myelination and remyelination. Genome-occupancy analyses, coupled with transcriptome profiling, reveal that Chd7 interacts with Sox10 and targets the enhancers of key myelinogenic genes, and identify novel Chd7 targets including bone formation regulators Osterix/Sp7 and Creb3l2, which are also critical for oligodendrocyte maturation. Thus, Chd7 coordinates with Sox10 to regulate the initiation of myelinogenesis and acts as a molecular nexus of regulatory networks that account for the development of a seemingly diverse array of lineages including oligodendrocytes and osteoblasts, pointing to the hitherto previously uncharacterized Chd7 functions in white matter pathogenesis in CHARGE syndrome.
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24
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Mormile R. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and multiple sclerosis: One more reason to undergo vaccination? Immunol Lett 2015; 165:60-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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25
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Mormile R. Multiple sclerosis and susceptibility to celiac disease: an osteopontin gene haplotypes affair? Immunol Lett 2014; 163:132-3. [PMID: 25476232 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Mormile
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Moscati Hospital, Aversa, Italy.
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26
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Gazal S, Sacre K, Allanore Y, Teruel M, Goodall AH, Tohma S, Alfredsson L, Okada Y, Xie G, Constantin A, Balsa A, Kawasaki A, Nicaise P, Amos C, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Chiocchia G, Boileau C, Zhang J, Vittecoq O, Barnetche T, Gonzalez Gay MA, Furukawa H, Cantagrel A, Le Loët X, Sumida T, Hurtado-Nedelec M, Richez C, Chollet-Martin S, Schaeverbeke T, Combe B, Khoryati L, Coustet B, El-Benna J, Siminovitch K, Plenge R, Padyukov L, Martin J, Tsuchiya N, Dieudé P. Identification of secreted phosphoprotein 1 gene as a new rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility gene. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 74:e19. [PMID: 24448344 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the contribution of the SPP1 rs11439060 and rs9138 polymorphisms, previously reported as autoimmune risk variants, in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) genetic background according to anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) status of RA individuals. METHODS We analysed a total of 11,715 RA cases and 26,493 controls from nine independent cohorts; all individuals were genotyped or had imputed genotypes for SPP1 rs11439060 and rs9138. The effect of the SPP1 rs11439060 and rs9138 risk-allele combination on osteopontin (OPN) expression in macrophages and OPN serum levels was investigated. RESULTS We provide evidence for a distinct contribution of SPP1 to RA susceptibility according to ACPA status: the combination of ≥3 SPP1 rs11439060 and rs9138 common alleles was associated mainly with ACPA negativity (p=1.29×10(-5), ORACPA-negative 1.257 (1.135 to 1.394)) and less with ACPA positivity (p=0.0148, ORACPA-positive 1.072 (1.014 to 1.134)). The ORs between these subgroups (ie, ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative) significantly differed (p=7.33×10(-3)). Expression quantitative trait locus analysis revealed an association of the SPP1 risk-allele combination with decreased SPP1 expression in peripheral macrophages from 599 individuals. To corroborate these findings, we found an association of the SPP1 risk-allele combination and low serum level of secreted OPN (p=0.0157), as well as serum level of secreted OPN correlated positively with ACPA production (p=0.005; r=0.483). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a significant contribution of the combination of SPP1 rs11439060 and rs9138 frequent alleles to risk of RA, the magnitude of the association being greater in patients negative for ACPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Gazal
- Plateforme de Génomique Constitutionnelle Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Karim Sacre
- Department of Internal Medicine, DHU FIRE, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, INSERM U699, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Yannick Allanore
- Department A of Rheumatology, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris Descartes Paris, France INSERM U1016, University of Paris Descartes, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Maria Teruel
- Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Alison H Goodall
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester & Leicester National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Shigeto Tohma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gang Xie
- Samuel Lunenfeld and Toronto General Research Institutes and the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arnaud Constantin
- Department of Rheumatology, UMR 1027, INSERM, Toulouse III University, Purpan Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Aya Kawasaki
- Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Pascale Nicaise
- Department of Immunology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Christopher Amos
- Genomic Medicine Department of Community, Family Medicine Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, USA
| | | | - Gilles Chiocchia
- INSERM U1016, University of Paris Descartes, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Boileau
- INSERM U698, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jinyi Zhang
- Samuel Lunenfeld and Toronto General Research Institutes and the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivier Vittecoq
- Department of Rheumatology, CHU de Rouen-Hopitaux de Rouen and INSERM U905, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy, France
| | - Thomas Barnetche
- Department of Rheumatology, Pellegrin Hospital, Bordeaux Selagen University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Miguel A Gonzalez Gay
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV, Santander, Spain
| | - Hiroshi Furukawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Alain Cantagrel
- Department of Rheumatology, UMR 1027, INSERM, Toulouse III University, Purpan Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Le Loët
- Department of Rheumatology, CHU de Rouen-Hopitaux de Rouen and INSERM U905, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy, France
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Margarita Hurtado-Nedelec
- INSERM U773 CRB3, F-75018, Paris, France Department of Hematology and Immunology, UF Dysfonctionnements Immunitaires Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Richez
- Department of Rheumatology, Pellegrin Hospital, Bordeaux Selagen University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvie Chollet-Martin
- Department of Immunology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Schaeverbeke
- Department of Rheumatology, Pellegrin Hospital, Bordeaux Selagen University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bernard Combe
- Department of Rheumatology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Liliane Khoryati
- Department of Rheumatology, Pellegrin Hospital, Bordeaux Selagen University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Baptiste Coustet
- Department of Rheumatology, DHU FIRE, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Katherine Siminovitch
- Samuel Lunenfeld and Toronto General Research Institutes and the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Plenge
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Javier Martin
- Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Naoyuki Tsuchiya
- Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Philippe Dieudé
- Department of Rheumatology, DHU FIRE, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France Bichat Faculty of Medicine, INSERM U699, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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27
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Aricò M, Boggio E, Cetica V, Melensi M, Orilieri E, Clemente N, Cappellano G, Buttini S, Soluri MF, Comi C, Dufour C, Pende D, Dianzani I, Ellis SR, Pagliano S, Marcenaro S, Ramenghi U, Chiocchetti A, Dianzani U. Variations of the UNC13D gene in patients with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68045. [PMID: 23840885 PMCID: PMC3698121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is caused by genetic defects decreasing Fas function and is characterized by lymphadenopathy/splenomegaly and expansion of CD4/CD8 double-negative T cells. This latter expansion is absent in the ALPS variant named Dianzani Autoimmune/lymphoproliferative Disease (DALD). In addition to the causative mutations, the genetic background influences ALPS and DALD development. We previously suggested a disease-modifying role for the perforin gene involved in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL). The UNC13D gene codes for Munc13-4, which is involved in perforin secretion and FHL development, and thus, another candidate for a disease-modifying role in ALPS and DALD. In this work, we sequenced UNC13D in 21 ALPS and 20 DALD patients and compared these results with sequences obtained from 61 healthy subjects and 38 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. We detected four rare missense variations in three heterozygous ALPS patients carrying p.Cys112Ser, p.Val781Ile, and a haplotype comprising both p.Ile848Leu and p.Ala995Pro. Transfection of the mutant cDNAs into HMC-1 cells showed that they decreased granule exocytosis, compared to the wild-type construct. An additional rare missense variation, p.Pro271Ser, was detected in a healthy subject, but this variation did not decrease Munc13-4 function. These data suggest that rare loss-of-function variations of UND13D are risk factors for ALPS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Aricò
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Meyer Children Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - Elena Boggio
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, “A. Avogadro” University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Valentina Cetica
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Meyer Children Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - Matteo Melensi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, “A. Avogadro” University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Orilieri
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, “A. Avogadro” University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, “A. Avogadro” University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cappellano
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, “A. Avogadro” University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Buttini
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, "A. Avogadro" University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Soluri
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, “A. Avogadro” University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, "A. Avogadro" University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | | | | | - Irma Dianzani
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, “A. Avogadro” University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Steven R. Ellis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Sara Pagliano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Ugo Ramenghi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiocchetti
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, “A. Avogadro” University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, “A. Avogadro” University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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28
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Cappellano G, Carecchio M, Fleetwood T, Magistrelli L, Cantello R, Dianzani U, Comi C. Immunity and inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE 2013; 2:89-107. [PMID: 23844334 PMCID: PMC3703122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Immune reactions inside the central nervous system are finely regulated, thanks to the presence of several checkpoints that have the fundamental purpose to preserve this fragile tissue form harmful events. The current knowledge on the role of neuroinflammation and neuro-immune interactions in the fields of multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease is reviewed. Moreover, a focus on the potential role of both active and passive immunotherapy is provided. Finally, we propose a common perspective, which implies that, under pathological conditions, inflammation may exert both detrimental and protective functions, depending on local factors and the timing of immune activation and shutting-off systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cappellano
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Eastern Piedmont, “Amedeo Avogadro”Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, “Amedeo Avogadro”Novara, Italy
| | - Miryam Carecchio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Neurology, University of Eastern Piedmont, “Amedeo Avogadro”Novara, Italy
| | - Thomas Fleetwood
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Neurology, University of Eastern Piedmont, “Amedeo Avogadro”Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Magistrelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Neurology, University of Eastern Piedmont, “Amedeo Avogadro”Novara, Italy
| | - Roberto Cantello
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Neurology, University of Eastern Piedmont, “Amedeo Avogadro”Novara, Italy
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Eastern Piedmont, “Amedeo Avogadro”Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, “Amedeo Avogadro”Novara, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Eastern Piedmont, “Amedeo Avogadro”Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Neurology, University of Eastern Piedmont, “Amedeo Avogadro”Novara, Italy
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