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Elgohary MK, Elkotamy MS, Abdelrahman Alkabbani M, Abdel-Aziz HA. Fenamates and ibuprofen as foundational components in the synthesis of innovative, targeted COX-2 anti-inflammatory drugs, undergoing thorough biopharmacological assessments and in-silico computational studies. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107393. [PMID: 38691908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 plays a vital role in inflammation by catalyzing arachidonic acid conversion toward prostaglandins, making it a prime therapeutic objective. Selective COX-2 inhibitors represent significant progress in anti-inflammatory therapy, offering improved efficacy and fewer side effects. This study describes the synthesis of novel anti-inflammatory compounds from established pharmaceutically marketed agents like fenamates III-V and ibuprofen VI. Through rigorous in vitro testing, compounds 7b-c, and 12a-b demonstrated substantial in vitro selective inhibition, with IC50 values of 0.07 to 0.09 μM, indicating potent pharmacological activity. In vivo assessment, particularly focusing on compound 7c, revealed significant anti-inflammatory effects. Markedly, it demonstrated the highest inhibition of paw thickness (58.62 %) at the 5-hr mark compared to the carrageenan group, indicating its potency in mitigating inflammation. Furthermore, it exhibited a rapid onset of action, with a 54.88 % inhibition observed at the 1-hr mark. Subsequent comprehensive evaluations encompassing analgesic efficacy, histological characteristics, and toxicological properties indicated that compound 7c did not induce gastric ulcers, in contrast to the ulcerogenic tendency associated with mefenamic acid. Moreover, compound 7c underwent additional investigations through in silico methodologies such as molecular modelling, field alignment, and density functional theory. These analyses underscored the therapeutic potential and safety profile of this novel compound, warranting further exploration and development in the realm of pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed K Elgohary
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Badr City Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud S Elkotamy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Badr City Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdelrahman Alkabbani
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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Yang H, Shi P, Li M, Kong L, Liu S, Jiang L, Yang J, Xu B, Yang T, Xi S, Liu W. Mendelian-randomization study reveals causal relationships between nitrogen dioxide and gut microbiota. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115660. [PMID: 37948942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to nitrogen dioxide might potentially change the makeup and operation of gut microbes. Nitrogen dioxide data was procured from the IEU Open GWAS (N = 456 380). Subsequently, a two-sample Mendelian randomization study was executed, utilizing summary statistics of gut microbiota sourced from the most expansive available genome-wide association study meta-analysis, conducted by the MiBioGen consortium (N = 13 266). The causal relationship between nitrogen dioxide and gut microbiota was determined using inverse variance weighted, maximum likelihood, MR-Egger, Weighted Median, Weighted Model, Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, and constrained maximum likelihood and model averaging and Bayesian information criterion. The level of heterogeneity of instrumental variables was quantified by utilizing Cochran's Q statistic. The colocalization analysis was used to examine whether nitrogen dioxide and the identified gut microbiota shared casual variants. Inverse variance weighted estimate suggested that nitrogen dioxide was causally associated with Akkermansia (β = -1.088, 95% CI: -1.909 to -0.267, P = 0.009). In addition, nitrogen dioxide presented a potential association with Bacteroides (β = -0.938, 95% CI: -1.592 to -0.284, P = 0.005), Barnesiella (β = -0.797, 95% CI: -1.538 to -0.055, P = 0.035), Coprococcus 3 (β = 1.108, 95% CI: 0.048-2.167, P = 0.040), Eubacterium hallii group (E. hallii) (β = 0.776, 95% CI: 0.090-1.463, P = 0.027), Holdemania (β = -1.354, 95% CI: -2.336 to -0.372, P = 0.007), Howardella (β = 1.698, 95% CI: 0.257-3.139, P = 0.021), Olsenella (β = 1.599, 95% CI: 0.151-3.048, P = 0.030) and Sellimonas (β = -1.647, 95% CI: -3.209 to -0.086, P = 0.039). No significant heterogeneity of instrumental variables or horizontal pleiotropy was found. The associations of nitrogen dioxide with Akkermansia (PH4 = 0.836) and E. hallii (PH4 = 0.816) were supported by colocalization analysis. This two-sample Mendelian randomization study found that increased exposure to nitrogen dioxide had the potential to impact the human gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Mingzheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Lingxu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Shuailing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Liujiangshan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Tianyao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Shuhua Xi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Owusu G, Ainooson GK, Osafo N. Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of Cordia vignei Hutch and Dalziel Inhibits Carrageenan-Induced Foot Oedema in Chicks, Prostaglandin E 2-Induced Paw Oedema in Mice, and Bradykinin-Induced Paw Oedema in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:9525015. [PMID: 37064947 PMCID: PMC10104733 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9525015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Cordia vignei Hutch and Dalziel (Fam. Boraginaceae) is a woody plant found in west tropical Africa. The aim of this research is to find out if the leaf extract of this plant prevents oedema in animal models. Methods (a) Inflammation was induced in the animals by injecting 100 µl of 2% lambda carrageenan into the subplantar tissue of the right footpads of 7-day-old chicks 1 h before or after oral administration of 30-300 mgkg-1 CVE. Oedema was measured for 5 h using the water displacement method. (b) Oedema was induced in ICR mice by subplantar injection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (50 µl of 1 nM) 30 minutes before or after CVE administration. Oedema was measured for 3 h. (c) Oedema was induced in ICR mice by subplantar injection of bradykinin (BK) (10 nmol/paw) 30 min before or after administration of extract. Results We found that CVE significantly (P < 0.05) prevented inflammation that was induced by injecting carrageenan into the footpads of the chicks. Also, we observed that CVE prevented inflammation produced by injecting PGE2 into the subplantar tissue of mice. Finally, we also report that CVE prevented inflammation produced by injecting BK into the subplantar tissues of mice. All these effects were observed in both preventive and curative protocols. Conclusion We conclude that Cordia vignei leaf extract has potential anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Owusu
- Deparment of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - George K. Ainooson
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Newman Osafo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Chlorogenic acid rich in coffee pulp extract suppresses inflammatory status by inhibiting the p38, MAPK, and NF-κB pathways. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13917. [PMID: 36873494 PMCID: PMC9982044 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee pulp (CP) is a coffee byproduct that contains various active ingredients, namely, chlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeine. These active compounds show several benefits, including antihyperlipidemia, antioxidants, and anti-inflammation. However, the anti-inflammatory properties of Coffea pulp extract (CPE) are unknown. This work determined the impact of CPE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophage cells and the molecular mechanism behind this action. RAW 264.7 cells were exposed to varying doses of CPE with or without LPS. Inflammatory markers and their mechanism were studied. CPE therapy has been shown to suppress the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines and mediators, namely, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nitric oxide (NO), as well as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Finally, CPE inactivated the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and MAPK signaling pathways. Consequently, CPE might be used as a nutraceutical to treat inflammation and its related disorders.
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Helixor-M Suppresses Immunostimulatory Activity through TLR4-Dependent NF-κB Pathway in RAW 264.7 Cells. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020595. [PMID: 36836952 PMCID: PMC9966133 DOI: 10.3390/life13020595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation causes a protective immune response, which can be observed by examining the inflammatory responses of macrophages. Macrophages release various immunostimulatory factors when destroying external pathogens. We induced lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells, a macrophage cell line, to determine whether Helixor-M can cause immuno-suppression. Helixor-M is known to have anticancer and immune effects. However, an indicator that regulates immunity has not been clearly confirmed. To this end, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was conducted to confirm Helixor-M was not cytotoxic. Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed the anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, immunofluorescence assay confirmed the translocation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p65, a representative inflammatory pathway. Helixor-M was found to be non-cytotoxic, induce the NF-κB pathway, and reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). We found Helixor-M affected the PI3K/AKT/JNK pathway. Therefore, we confirmed Helixor-M acts as an anti-inflammatory agent through NF-κB, TLR4 and PI3K inhibition and that it could be an effective immunosuppressive drug.
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Wei J, Zhan Y, Liu L, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Liu R, Ma Z. Longitudinal association between ambient nitrogen dioxide exposure and all-cause mortality in Chinese adults. J Adv Res 2022; 41:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Huang S, Li H, Wang M, Qian Y, Steenland K, Caudle WM, Liu Y, Sarnat J, Papatheodorou S, Shi L. Long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 776:145968. [PMID: 33640547 PMCID: PMC8499020 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution is among the greatest environmental risks to human health. However, little is known about the health effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a traffic-related air pollutant. Herein, we aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to investigate the long-term effects of NO2 on mortality. METHODS We conducted a systematic search for studies that were published up to February 2020 and performed a meta-analysis of all available epidemiologic studies evaluating the associations between long-term exposure to NO2 with all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality. Overall pooled effect estimates as well as subgroup-specific pooled estimates (e.g. location, exposure assessment method, exposure metric, study population, age at recruitment, and key confounder adjustment) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random-effects models. Risk of bias assessment was accessed by following WHO global air quality guidelines. Publication bias was accessed by visually inspecting funnel plot and Egger's liner regression was used to test of asymmetry. RESULTS Our search initially retrieved 1349 unique studies, of which 34 studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality was 1.06 (95%CI: 1.04-1.08, n = 28 studies, I2 = 98.6%) per 10 ppb increase in annual NO2 concentrations. The pooled HRs for cardiovascular and respiratory mortality per 10 ppb increment were 1.11 (95%CI: 1.07-1.16, n = 20 studies, I2 = 99.2%) and 1.05 (95%CI: 1.02-1.08, n = 17 studies, I2 = 94.6%), respectively. The sensitivity analysis pooling estimates from multi-pollutant models suggest an independent effect of NO2 on mortality. Funnel plots indicate that there is no evidence for publication bias in our study. CONCLUSION We provide robust epidemiological evidence that long-term exposure to NO2, a proxy for traffic-sourced air pollutants, is associated with a higher risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality that might be independent of other common air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Huang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haomin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mingrui Wang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yaoyao Qian
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kyle Steenland
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William Michael Caudle
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeremy Sarnat
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Liuhua Shi
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Xu W, Tang M, Wang J, Wang L. Anti-inflammatory activities of puerarin in high-fat diet-fed rats with streptozotocin-induced gestational diabetes mellitus. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7537-7546. [PMID: 32946041 PMCID: PMC7588390 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05816-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of puerarin on insulin resistance and inflammation in rats with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Gestational diabetic model rats were established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (25 mg/kg) combined with high-fat feeding and were randomly assigned to three groups: the control group, the GDM group, and the puerarin-treated group. Puerarin was intragastrically administered to rats daily until the offspring were born. The rats in both the GDM group and control group were administered the same volume of normal saline. Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in all groups of rats were measured. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate morphological changes in the liver, pancreas, and adipose tissues around the reproductive organs. Western blotting was carried out to measure the protein expression of IRS-1 and inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, TLR4, MyD88 and phosphorylated NF-κB, in the adipose tissues around the reproductive organs. Puerarin had preventive effects on GDM-induced pathological changes and ameliorated glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in GDM rats. Puerarin upregulated IRS-1 expression and decreased the protein expression of TNF-α, TLR4, and MyD88 as well as the levels of phosphorylated NF-κB in adipose tissues around the reproductive organs in GDM rats. This study indicated that puerarin exerts anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating the important TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB inflammatory signalling pathway. Therefore, puerarin can decrease the expression of TNF-α and ameliorate insulin resistance in GDM rats, suggesting the potential efficacy of puerarin in GDM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Xu
- Department of Reproduction, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhang jiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyu Tang
- Department of Reproduction, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhang jiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Reproduction, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhang jiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Reproduction, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhang jiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Han C, Yang J, Song P, Wang X, Shi W. Effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza Polysaccharides on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Factor Release in RAW264.7 Cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 38:29-37. [PMID: 29328882 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and possible underlying mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharides (SMP) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The cytotoxicity of SMP was detected by the MTT method. The morphological change of RAW264.7 was observed by Diff-Quik staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate the production of cytokines in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. The nitric oxide (NO) kit assay detected the NO release from LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the transcriptions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. The protein expression of nuclear NF-κB was measured by Western blot. The results showed that the safe medication range of SMP was less than 3 mg/mL. Compared with the LPS model group, SMP (2, 1, and 0.5 mg/mL) improved the degree of cell deformation and reduced the amount of pseudopodia, and statistically reduced the secretions of cytokines in cells induced by LPS (P < 0.01) at different time points. SMP significantly inhibited the mRNA transcriptions of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2 and the protein expressions of NF-κB, p-p65, and p-IκBa. In conclusion, this study preliminarily proved the protective effect of SMP on LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage. Its mechanism might be related to inhibition of NF-κB signal pathway and the gene expressions and secretion of cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei , Baoding, China
| | - Jinkai Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei , Baoding, China
| | - Pengyan Song
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei , Baoding, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei , Baoding, China
| | - Wanyu Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei , Baoding, China
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Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Analgesic Activities of Incarvillea compacta Maxim from the Tibetan Plateau. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091692. [PMID: 31052248 PMCID: PMC6539126 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Incarvillea compacta Maxim is a traditional Tibetan plant widely used to treat rheumatic pain and bruises. We conducted qualitative analyses by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and quantitative analyses of the total phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids content of different extracts of I. compacta Maxim. Antioxidant and analgesic activity were analyzed. The results showed that the methanol extract had the highest content of the various ingredients. A total of 25 constituents were identified, of which compounds 1–23 were found for the first time in this plant. The water extract had the highest capacity to clear free radicals in the antioxidant test. The water extract had dose-dependent analgesic effects in the first and second phase in a formalin test. The latency of pain from a hot-plate test was augmented by the water extract when the dose was greater than or equal to 30 g/kg. The water extract significantly decreased the amount of writhing in a dose-dependent manner compared with the control group in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. These results showed that I. compacta Maxim is a new antioxidant and analgesic agent, and this study provides information on its ingredients for further study.
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Singh NK, Garabadu D, Sharma P, Shrivastava SK, Mishra P. Anti-allergy and anti-tussive activity of Clitoria ternatea L. in experimental animals. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:15-26. [PMID: 29787795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Clitoria ternatea flower is traditionally used in the treatment of respiratory disorders including bronchitis and is one of the ingredients in different Ayurvedic preparations that are used in respiratory disorders. However, till date there is no scientific report on the anti-asthmatic activity of this flower. AIM OF THE STUDY Ethanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea flowers (ECT) was evaluated for its anti-allergy and anti-tussive potential in experimental animals. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory potential of ECT was carried out to draw a plausible mechanism of action of the drug. MATERIALS AND METHODS In-vitro anti-asthmatic activity of ECT was evaluated in goat tracheal chain and isolated guinea pig ileum preparations. Acute and chronic anti-asthmatic activity of ECT (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg; p.o.) was estimated in histamine aerosol exposed guinea pigs and in OVA sensitized and challenged mice respectively. Anti-tussive activity of ECT (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg; p.o.) was evaluated against sulfur dioxide- and citric acid-induced cough in experimental animals. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity of ECT (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg; p.o.) was evaluated against carrageenan- and acetic acid-induced inflammation in rats. RESULTS ECT attenuated histamine-induced contraction in both goat tracheal chain and isolated guinea pig ileum preparations. ECT (400 mg/kg) attenuated histamine-induced dyspnoea and OVA-induced changes in differential cell count in broncheoalveolar fluid, levels of interleukins (IL-1beta and IL-6) and immunoglobulin (OVA-sensitive IgG1) in animals. ECT (400 mg/kg) further ameliorated sulfur dioxide- and citric acid-induced cough in experimental animals. Additionally, ECT (400 mg/kg) attenuated inflammation in carrageenan and acetic acid challenged rodents. CONCLUSIONS Standardized ECT could be considered as a potential therapeutic alternative in the management of allergy-induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar Singh
- Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debapriya Garabadu
- Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sushant Kumar Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Mishra
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Dwivedi VP, Bhattacharya D, Yadav V, Singh DK, Kumar S, Singh M, Ojha D, Ranganathan A, Van Kaer L, Chattopadhyay D, Das G. The Phytochemical Bergenin Enhances T Helper 1 Responses and Anti-Mycobacterial Immunity by Activating the MAP Kinase Pathway in Macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:149. [PMID: 28507951 PMCID: PMC5410567 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the greatest health concerns worldwide, which has hindered socioeconomic development in certain parts of the world for many centuries. Although current TB therapy, "Directly Observed Treatment Short-course," is effective, it is associated with unwanted side effects and the risk for the generation of drug-resistant organisms. The majority of infected individuals successfully confine the mycobacterial organisms and remain asymptotic unless immune responses are perturbed. Thus, host immunity can protect against TB and immunomodulation is therefore an attractive therapeutic option. Previous studies have shown that TNF-α and Nitric Oxide (NO) in conjunction with IFN-γ-producing T helper 1 (Th1) cells play critical roles in host protection against TB. Here, we show that bergenin, a phytochemical isolated from tender leaves of Shorea robusta, activates the MAP kinase and ERK pathways and induces TNF-α, NO and IL-12 production in infected macrophages. We further show that bergenin induces Th1 immune responses and potently inhibits bacillary growth in a murine model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. These findings identify bergenin as a potential adjunct to TB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ved P. Dwivedi
- Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | | | - Vinod Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of HaryanaMahendergarh, India
| | - Dhiraj K. Singh
- Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Mona Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi, India
| | | | - Anand Ranganathan
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi, India
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Gobardhan Das
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi, India
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Oral Administration of Escin Inhibits Acute Inflammation and Reduces Intestinal Mucosal Injury in Animal Models. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015. [PMID: 26199634 PMCID: PMC4496496 DOI: 10.1155/2015/503617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration of escin on acute inflammation and intestinal mucosal injury in animal models. The effects of escin on carrageenan-induced paw edema in a rat model of acute inflammation, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induced intestinal mucosal injury in a mouse model, were observed. It was shown that oral administration of escin inhibits carrageenan-induced paw edema and decreases the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2. In CLP model, low dose of escin ameliorates endotoxin induced liver injury and intestinal mucosal injury and increases the expression of tight junction protein claudin-5 in mice. These findings suggest that escin effectively inhibits acute inflammation and reduces intestinal mucosal injury in animal models.
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14
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Phuneerub P, Limpanasithikul W, Palanuvej C, Ruangrungsi N. In vitro anti-inflammatory, mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of ethanolic extract of Clerodendrum paniculatum root. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2015; 6:48-52. [PMID: 25878973 PMCID: PMC4397618 DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.154529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Clerodendrum paniculatum L. (Family Verbenaceae) has been used as an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug in traditional Thai medicine. This present study investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory, mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of the ethanolic extract of C. paniculatum (CPE) dried root collected from Sa Kaeo Province of Thailand. Murine macrophage J774A.1 cells were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to evaluate nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in the anti-inflammatory test while the mutagenic and antimutagenic potential was performed by the Ames test. The outcome of this study displayed that the CPE root significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO, TNF-α, and PGE2 production in macrophage cell line. In addition, the CPE root was not mutagenic toward Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 and TA100 with and without nitrite treatment. Moreover, it inhibited the mutagenicity of nitrite treated 1-aminopyrene on both strains. The findings suggested the anti-inflammatory and antimutagenic potentials of CPE root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravaree Phuneerub
- Public Health Sciences Programme, College of Public Health Sciences, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wacharee Limpanasithikul
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chanida Palanuvej
- Public Health Sciences Programme, College of Public Health Sciences, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nijsiri Ruangrungsi
- Public Health Sciences Programme, College of Public Health Sciences, Bangkok 10330, Thailand ; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathumthani 12000, Thailand
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15
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de Castro ICV, Rosa CB, Carvalho CM, Aragão JS, Cangussu MCT, Dos Santos JN, Pinheiro ALB. Assessment of different energy delivery settings in laser and LED phototherapies in the inflammatory process of rat's TMJ induced by carrageenan. Lasers Med Sci 2015; 30:2105-13. [PMID: 25854994 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-015-1748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are mostly inflammatory conditions widespread in the population. Previous studies have shown positive effects of either laser or light-emitting diode (LED) phototherapies on treating TMDs, but their action and mechanism in the inflammatory infiltrate of the temporomandibular joint are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess, through histological analysis, the effectiveness of using laser light (λ 780 nm, 70 mW, continous wave (CW), 10 J) and LED (λ 850 ± 10 nm, 100 mW, CW, 10 J) on the inflammation of the temporomandibular joint of rats induced by carrageenan. Forty-five animals were divided into three groups with five animals each according to the experimental times of 2, 3, and 7 days: inflammation, inflammation+laser phototherapy, and inflammation+LED phototherapy. The first irradiation was performed 24 h after induction with an interval of 48 h between sessions. After animal death, specimens were processed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and picrosirius. Then, the samples were examined histologically. Data were statistically analyzed. The inflammation group showed mild to moderate chronic inflammatory infiltrate between bone trabecules of the condyle. Over the time course of the study in the laser group, the region of the condyle presented mild chronic inflammation and intense vascularization. In the LED group, the condyle showed aspects of normality and absence of inflammation in some specimens. In all the time points, the laser-irradiated groups showed greater amount of collagen deposition in the condyle (p = 0.04) and in the disc (p = 0.03) when compared to the inflammation and LED groups, respectively. Laser- and LED-treated groups demonstrate a smaller number of layers of the synovial membrane when compared to the non-irradiated groups. It was concluded that, in general, laser and LED phototherapies resulted in a reduction of inflammatory infiltrate in the temporomandibular joint of rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabele C V de Castro
- Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62, Canela, Salvador, BA, CEP 40110-150, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane B Rosa
- Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62, Canela, Salvador, BA, CEP 40110-150, Brazil.
| | - Carolina M Carvalho
- Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62, Canela, Salvador, BA, CEP 40110-150, Brazil.
| | - Juliana S Aragão
- Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62, Canela, Salvador, BA, CEP 40110-150, Brazil.
| | - Maria Cristina T Cangussu
- Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62, Canela, Salvador, BA, CEP 40110-150, Brazil.
| | - Jean N Dos Santos
- Oral Pathology School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62, Canela, Salvador, BA, 40110-150, Brazil.
| | - Antonio L B Pinheiro
- Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62, Canela, Salvador, BA, CEP 40110-150, Brazil. .,University of Camilo Castelo Branco Núcleo do Parque Tecnológico de São José dos Campos, Rod. Presidente Dutra Km 139, Eugênio de Melo, São José dos Campos, SP, 12247-004, Brazil. .,National Institute of Optics and Photonics, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil.
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16
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Ojha D, Mukherjee H, Mondal S, Jena A, Dwivedi VP, Mondal KC, Malhotra B, Samanta A, Chattopadhyay D. Anti-inflammatory activity of Odina wodier Roxb, an Indian folk remedy, through inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104939. [PMID: 25153081 PMCID: PMC4143220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is part of self-limiting non-specific immune response, which occurs during bodily injury. In some disorders the inflammatory process becomes continuous, leading to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer etc. Several Indian tribes used the bark of Odina wodier (OWB) for treating inflammatory disorders. Thus, we have evaluated the immunotherapeutic potential of OWB methanol extract and its major constituent chlorogenic acid (CA), using three popular in vivo antiinflammatory models: Carrageenan- and Dextran-induced paw edema, Cotton pellet granuloma, and Acetic acid-induced vascular permeability. To elucidate the possible anti-inflammatory mechanism of action we determine the level of major inflammatory mediators (NO, iNOS, COX-2-dependent prostaglandin E2 or PGE2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12). Further, we determine the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), nuclear factor kappa-B cells (NF-κB), and NF-kB inhibitor alpha (IK-Bα) by protein and mRNA expression, and Western blot analysis in drug treated LPS-induced murine macrophage model. Moreover, we determined the acute and sub-acute toxicity of OWB extract in BALB/c mice. Our study demonstrated a significant anti-inflammatory activity of OWB extract and CA along with the inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-12 expressions. Further, the expression of TLR4, NF-κBp65, MyD88, iNOS and COX-2 molecules were reduced in drug-treated groups, but not in the LPS-stimulated untreated or control groups, Thus, our results collectively indicated that the OWB extract and CA can efficiently inhibit inflammation through the down regulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-kB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durbadal Ojha
- ICMR Virus Unit, I.D. & B.G. Hospital, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Supriya Mondal
- ICMR Virus Unit, I.D. & B.G. Hospital, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | - Aditya Jena
- ICMR Virus Unit, I.D. & B.G. Hospital, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Keshab C. Mondal
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Bharti Malhotra
- Department of Microbiology, SMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Amalesh Samanta
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail: (DC); (AS)
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