1
|
Le Moli R, Naselli A, Giudice FL, Costanzo G, Frasca F, Belfiore A. Temporal trends in the clinical presentation of Graves' orbitopathy: a single-center retrospective study. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:2177-2184. [PMID: 38488977 PMCID: PMC11368978 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is an autoimmune disease that affects orbital soft tissues and represents the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease (GD). The European Group of Graves' Ophthalmopathy (EUGOGO) has attempted to shed light on the European epidemiological picture of GO, suggesting that GO in newly diagnosed patients in recent years has a trend towards a less severe clinical presentation. There are no studies that focus this issue on the population of our area; we aimed to evaluate the trend of GO clinical presentation in our outpatient clinic through an observation period of 10 years. METHODS We compared 55 consecutive patients, 11 males (F) and 44 females (M), who came to our observation from January 2005 to December 2006 [Group 1 (G1)], with 56 patients, 15 males, and 41 females, who were referred to us from 2015 to 2016 [Group 2 (G2)]. We studied the following putative predictors of GO presentation and severity: thyroid function, smoking, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, time from GO diagnosis to referral to our thyroid centre (TGOD), sex and age. RESULTS GO severity was significantly reduced in G2 vs. G1 (p = 0.04). TGOD ≥ 3 months was related to clinical characteristics of GO (severity and Clinical Activity Score ≥ 4) and was an independent predictor of GO severity (p = 0.01). The other variables evaluated had no independent effects. CONCLUSIONS We found that GO severity at presentation was significantly reduced over a ten-year observation period (2005-2006 vs. 2015-2016) in GO patients referred to our tertiary thyroid centre. TGOD ≥ 3 months was an independent predictor of GO severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Le Moli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Via Palermo 636, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - A Naselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Via Palermo 636, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - F Lo Giudice
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Via Palermo 636, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - G Costanzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Via Palermo 636, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - F Frasca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Via Palermo 636, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - A Belfiore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Via Palermo 636, 95125, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ma C, Li H, Lu S, Li X. Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: the role of oxidative stress. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1400869. [PMID: 39055057 PMCID: PMC11269105 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1400869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune condition affecting the eyes, characterized by proptosis, extraocular muscle involvement, and in severe cases, vision impairment including diplopia, optic neuropathy, and potential blindness. The exact etiology of TAO remains elusive; however, increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant capacity are pivotal in its pathogenesis. Elevated oxidative stress not only directly damages orbital tissues but also influences thyroid function and autoimmune responses, exacerbating tissue destruction. This review explores the role of oxidative stress in TAO, elucidates its mechanisms, and evaluates the efficacy and limitations of antioxidant therapies in managing TAO. The findings aim to enhance understanding of oxidative stress mechanisms in TAO and propose potential antioxidant strategies for future therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haoyu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Centre of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuwen Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xian Li
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ye Z, Wu H, Chen X, Xie R, Zhang D, Sun H, Wang F, Li Z, Xia Q, Chen L, Chen T. Puerarin inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress in female BALB/c mouse models of Graves' disease. Transl Pediatr 2024; 13:38-51. [PMID: 38323179 PMCID: PMC10839278 DOI: 10.21037/tp-23-370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune thyroid disorder. Our previous study has demonstrated a significant decrease in flavone levels among children with GD compared to the control group. Puerarin, a well-known flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We wanted to investigate its potential impact on GD pathogenesis, aiming to determine whether increasing puerarin intake could prevent or delay the onset of GD. Methods Adenovirus with TSHR-289 subunit was used to establish a GD mice model, and mice were intragastrically administered with puerarin or sterilized water daily. Thyroid function and inflammatory cytokine levels were quantified using ELISA, lymphocyte subsets were analyzed via flow cytometry, oxidative stress (OS) markers were measured with a microplate reader, and the expression of pertinent signaling pathway proteins were assessed by Western blot. Results The results demonstrated that puerarin treatment significantly decreased thyroxin levels and alleviated thyroid pathological changes in GD mice. Furthermore, the immune imbalance of GD mice was improved, as evidenced by reduced inflammatory indexes, elevated antioxidant levels, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared to untreated GD mice. Puerarin-treated GD mice exhibited significantly lower expressions of heat shock protein (HSP): HSP70, HSP90, phosphorylated extracellular regulated kinases (p-ERK) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) than untreated GD mice. Moreover, low dosage puerarin (400 mg/kg) was associated with a better protective effect than high dosage (1,200 mg/kg). Conclusions Puerarin may have the potential to mitigate GD by inhibiting inflammatory and OS, through downregulating the expression of HSP70 and HSP90 and suppressing the activation of the PI3K/AKT/ERK signaling pathway. Furthermore, a lower dose exhibited superior protective effects compared to a higher dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Haiying Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Qin Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Linqi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tian Z, Li X, Yu X, Yan S, Sun J, Ma W, Zhu X, Tang Y. The role of primary cilia in thyroid diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1306550. [PMID: 38260150 PMCID: PMC10801159 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1306550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia (PC) are non-motile and microtube-based organelles protruding from the surface of almost all thyroid follicle cells. They maintain homeostasis in thyrocytes and loss of PC can result in diverse thyroid diseases. The dysfunction of structure and function of PC are found in many patients with common thyroid diseases. The alterations are associated with the cause, development, and recovery of the diseases and are regulated by PC-mediated signals. Restoring normal PC structure and function in thyrocytes is a promising therapeutic strategy to treat thyroid diseases. This review explores the function of PC in normal thyroid glands. It summarizes the pathology caused by PC alterations in thyroid cancer (TC), autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), hypothyroidism, and thyroid nodules (TN) to provide comprehensive references for further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijiao Tian
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlin Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxin Yan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Tang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Al-Jahhafi AS, Al-Sawaai AA, Al-Bimani ZK, Al-Bulushi NK. Graves' disease post-COVID-19 m-RNA vaccine in pediatric age group. ASIA OCEANIA JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2024; 12:65-68. [PMID: 38164230 PMCID: PMC10757064 DOI: 10.22038/aojnmb.2023.73051.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The surge of the COVID-19 pandemic (December / 2019 - May/2023) and its catastrophic effect worldwide have necessitated emergent intervention to reduce its influence on people's health and life. To eliminate and reduce the impact of COVID-19 infection, COVID-19 vaccination was emergently authorized in December 2020 which has established good safety and efficacy. Having said that, some adverse effects merged in a few individuals. We are reporting an adolescent patient a 17-year-old female who has been diagnosed with Graves' disease after post-COVID-19 vaccinations. In addition, she was a confirmed case of COVID-19 infection three months earlier. The patient presented with typical features of hyperthyroidism 30 days post receiving the first dose of the vaccination. Based on the patient's presentation relative to the administration of the vaccine and prior infection of the virus. We proposed the synergistic effect of both factors to induce Graves' disease in this young healthy female with no family history of autoimmune disease. We are reporting this case for pediatric endocrinologists to be aware of the interaction and possible impact of the COVID-19 vaccine on thyroid function.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hong Y, Kim HJ, Park S, Yi S, Lim MA, Lee SE, Chang JW, Won HR, Kim JR, Ko H, Kim SY, Kim SK, Park JL, Chu IS, Kim JM, Kim KH, Lee JH, Ju YS, Shong M, Koo BS, Park WY, Kang YE. Single Cell Analysis of Human Thyroid Reveals the Transcriptional Signatures of Aging. Endocrinology 2023; 164:7040488. [PMID: 36791033 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The thyroid gland plays a critical role in the maintenance of whole-body metabolism. However, aging frequently impairs homeostatic maintenance by thyroid hormones due to increased prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and fibrosis. To understand the specific aging-related changes of endocrine function in thyroid epithelial cells, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of 54 726 cells derived from pathologically normal thyroid tissues from 7 patients who underwent thyroidectomy. Thyroid endocrine epithelial cells were clustered into 5 distinct subpopulations, and a subset of cells was found to be particularly vulnerable with aging, showing functional deterioration associated with the expression of metallothionein (MT) and major histocompatibility complex class II genes. We further validated that increased expression of MT family genes are highly correlated with thyroid gland aging in bulk RNAseq datasets. This study provides evidence that aging induces specific transcriptomic changes across multiple cell populations in the human thyroid gland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yourae Hong
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Shinae Yi
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mi Ae Lim
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seong Eun Lee
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Won Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ho-Ryun Won
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Je-Ryong Kim
- Genome Insight Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyemi Ko
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seon-Kyu Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jong-Lyul Park
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - In-Sun Chu
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Man Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kun Ho Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Seok Ju
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Genome Insight Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Bon Seok Koo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Genome Insight Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Macvanin MT, Gluvic Z, Zafirovic S, Gao X, Essack M, Isenovic ER. The protective role of nutritional antioxidants against oxidative stress in thyroid disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1092837. [PMID: 36686463 PMCID: PMC9846570 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1092837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance between pro-oxidative and antioxidative cellular mechanisms is oxidative stress (OxS) which may be systemic or organ-specific. Although OxS is a consequence of normal body and organ physiology, severely impaired oxidative homeostasis results in DNA hydroxylation, protein denaturation, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis, ultimately compromising cells' function and viability. The thyroid gland is an organ that exhibits both oxidative and antioxidative processes. In terms of OxS severity, the thyroid gland's response could be physiological (i.e. hormone production and secretion) or pathological (i.e. development of diseases, such as goitre, thyroid cancer, or thyroiditis). Protective nutritional antioxidants may benefit defensive antioxidative systems in resolving pro-oxidative dominance and redox imbalance, preventing or delaying chronic thyroid diseases. This review provides information on nutritional antioxidants and their protective roles against impaired redox homeostasis in various thyroid pathologies. We also review novel findings related to the connection between the thyroid gland and gut microbiome and analyze the effects of probiotics with antioxidant properties on thyroid diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana T. Macvanin
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Zemun Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Zafirovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Poon SHL, Cheung JJC, Shih KC, Chan YK. A systematic review of multimodal clinical biomarkers in the management of thyroid eye disease. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:541-567. [PMID: 35066781 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) is an autoimmune disease that affects the extraocular muscles and periorbital fat. It most commonly occurs with Graves' Disease (GD) as an extrathyroidal manifestation, hence, it is also sometimes used interchangeably with Graves' Ophthalmopathy (GO). Well-known autoimmune markers for GD include thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibodies (TSH-R-Ab) which contribute to hyperthyroidism and ocular signs. Currently, apart from radiological investigations, detection of TED is based on clinical signs and symptoms which is largely subjective, with no established biomarkers which could differentiate TED from merely GD. We evaluated a total of 28 studies on potential biomarkers for diagnosis of TED. Articles included were published in English, which investigated clinical markers in tear fluid, orbital adipose-connective tissues, orbital fibroblasts and extraocular muscles, serum, thyroid tissue, as well as imaging biomarkers. Results demonstrated that biomarkers with reported diagnostic power have high sensitivity and specificity for TED, including those using a combination of biomarkers to differentiate between TED and GD, as well as the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Other biomarkers which were upregulated include cytokines, proinflammatory markers, and acute phase reactants in subjects with TED, which are however, deemed less specific to TED. Further clinical investigations for these biomarkers, scrutinising their specificity and sensitivity on a larger sample of patients, may point towards selection of suitable biomarkers for aiding detection and prognosis of TED in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hiu Ling Poon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 301B Cyberport 4, 100 Cyberport Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Kendrick Co Shih
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 301B Cyberport 4, 100 Cyberport Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.
| | - Yau Kei Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 301B Cyberport 4, 100 Cyberport Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gupta V, Hammond CL, Roztocil E, Gonzalez MO, Feldon SE, Woeller CF. Thinking inside the box: Current insights into targeting orbital tissue remodeling and inflammation in thyroid eye disease. Surv Ophthalmol 2022; 67:858-874. [PMID: 34487739 PMCID: PMC8891393 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune disorder that manifests in the orbit. In TED, the connective tissue behind the eye becomes inflamed and remodels with increased fat accumulation and/or increased muscle and scar tissue. As orbital tissue expands, patients develop edema, exophthalmos, diplopia, and optic neuropathy. In severe cases vision loss may occur secondary to corneal scarring from exposure or optic nerve compression. Currently there is no cure for TED, and treatments are limited. A major breakthrough in TED therapy occurred with the FDA approval of teprotumumab, a monoclonal insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) blocking antibody. Yet, teprotumumab therapy has limitations, including cost, infusion method of drug delivery, variable response, and relapse. We describe approaches to target orbital fibroblasts and the complex pathophysiology that underlies tissue remodeling and inflammation driving TED. Further advances in the elucidation of the mechanisms of TED may lead to prophylaxis based upon early biomarkers as well as lead to more convenient, less expensive therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vardaan Gupta
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Christine L Hammond
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Elisa Roztocil
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Mithra O Gonzalez
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Steven E Feldon
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Collynn F Woeller
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sultana DR, Shahin AD, Md Jawadul H. Measurement of oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in hyperthyroid patients following treatment with carbimazole and antioxidant. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08651. [PMID: 35028444 PMCID: PMC8741446 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthyroidism is a common endocrine disorder in which the thyroid produces too many hormones, resulting in the metabolism speed up. The present study was designed to measure oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in hyperthyroid patients following treatment with carbimazole and antioxidants supplements. This randomized clinical trial study was conducted to compare Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) among 25 newly diagnosed hyperthyroid patients (Group A), 25 hyperthyroid patients treated with carbimazole (Group B) and 25 hyperthyroid patients treated with carbimazole and antioxidants supplement (Group C) of both sexes. In this study, the mean serum malondialdehyde (MDA) of the three groups were 4.60 ± 1.08 μmol/L (Group A), 2.79 ± 0.58 μmol/L (Group B), and 1.57 ± 0.29 μmol/L (Group C). We found the mean MDA level was significantly higher in Group A than Group B and Group C. This study found the MDA level was significantly higher in hyperthyroid patients treated with carbimazole alone (Group B, 2.79 ± 0.58 umol/L) than hyperthyroid patients treated with carbimazole and antioxidant combined (Group C, 1.57 ± 0.29 umol/L) among the study groups (p < 0.001). The results showed that the mean serum TAC was significantly lower in newly diagnosed hyperthyroid (Group A, 527.8 ± 78.44 umol/L] patients compared to carbimazole treated alone (Group B, 951.80 ± 99.67 umol/L) and combination with the antithyroid drug (carbimazole) and antioxidant treated (Group C, 1113.56 ± 121.69 umol/L). There was more improvement found in the treatment combined with the antithyroid drug (carbimazole) and antioxidant (Group C). Conventional treatment of hyperthyroid patients significantly reduced oxidative stress and elevated serum TAC but not up to normal level. Therefore, the supplementation of antioxidants could be utilized to improve thyroid function in hyperthyroid patients by boosting antioxidants and restoring oxidant-antioxidant balance. However, further studies are required to determine the optimal dosage, route of administration, and timing of antioxidant therapy needed before this supplementation could be officially recommended as adjuvant therapy. Antioxidant boosting with conventional treatment enhanced of thyroid function in hyperthyroidism. Treating antioxidants and carbimazole enhanced thyroid function more than carbimazole alone. MDA level was normalized along with improved TAC by treating antioxidants with the antithyroid drug. Serum T4 significantly reduces and TSH significantly improves boosting antioxidant with carbimazole. Antioxidant adding helps to improve thyroid hormone and oxidative damage of hyperthyroidism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dr Razia Sultana
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Ara Dr Shahin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Haque Md Jawadul
- Department of Community Medicine, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The Influence of Oxidative Stress on Thyroid Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091442. [PMID: 34573074 PMCID: PMC8465820 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid diseases, including neoplasms, autoimmune diseases and thyroid dysfunctions, are becoming a serious social problem with rapidly increasing prevalence. The latter is increasingly linked to oxidative stress. There are many methods for determining the biomarkers of oxidative stress, making it possible to evaluate the oxidative profile in patients with thyroid diseases compared to the healthy population. This opens up a new perspective for investigating the role of elevated parameters of oxidative stress and damage in people with thyroid diseases, especially of neoplastic nature. An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants is observed at different stages and in different types of thyroid diseases. The organ, which is part of the endocrine system, uses free radicals (reactive oxygen species, ROS) to produce hormones. Thyroid cells release enzymes that catalyse ROS generation; therefore, a key role is played by the internal defence system and non-enzymatic antioxidants that counteract excess ROS not utilised to produce thyroid hormones, acting as a buffer to neutralise free radicals and ensure whole-body homeostasis. An excess of free radicals causes structural cell damage, undermining genomic stability. Looking at the negative effects of ROS accumulation, oxidative stress appears to be implicated in both the initiation and progression of carcinogenesis. The aim of this review is to investigate the oxidation background of thyroid diseases and to summarise the links between redox imbalance and thyroid dysfunction and disease.
Collapse
|
12
|
Larsen CB, Riis KR, Winther KH, Larsen EL, Ellervik C, Hegedüs L, Brix TH, Poulsen HE, Bonnema SJ. Treatment of Hyperthyroidism Reduces Systemic Oxidative Stress, as Measured by Markers of RNA and DNA Damage. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e2512-e2520. [PMID: 33901280 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole-body oxidative stress can be estimated by the urine excretion of oxidized guanosine species, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), derived from RNA and DNA, respectively. These oxidative stress markers are not well explored in thyroid disorders. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether treatment of hyperthyroid patients affects the levels of these oxidative stress markers. METHODS Urinary excretion of 8-oxoGuo and 8-oxodG was measured in 51 hyperthyroid patients (toxic nodular goiter [TNG], n = 30; Graves disease [GD], n = 21) before or shortly after initiation of therapy and when stable euthyroidism had been achieved for at least 12 months. RESULTS Adjusting for age, the baseline urinary excretion of oxidative stress markers correlated positively with plasma thyroxine (8-oxoGuo, P = 0.002; 8-oxodG, P = 0.021) and was significantly higher in GD than in TNG patients (P = 0.001 for both oxidative stress markers). Restoration of euthyroidism significantly affected the excretion of the oxidative stress markers. In TNG, 8-oxoGuo decreased from geometric mean 2.11 nmol/mmol creatinine (95% CI, 1.85-2.39) to 1.91 nmol/mmol (95% CI, 1.67-2.19; P = 0.001), while 8-oxodG decreased from 1.65 nmol/mmol (95% CI, 1.41-1.93) to 1.48 nmol/mmol (95% CI, 1.27-1.74; P = 0.026). In GD, 8-oxoGuo decreased from 2.25 nmol/mmol (95% CI, 1.95-2.59) to 1.79 nmol/mmol (95% CI, 1.63-1.97; P = 0.0003), while 8-oxodG decreased from 2.02 nmol/mmol (95% CI, 1.73-2.38) to 1.54 nmol/mmol (95% CI, 1.31-1.81; P = 0.001). In the euthyroid state, there were no differences between groups. CONCLUSION Restoration of euthyroidism in patients with hyperthyroidism significantly decreased the systemic oxidative stress load by 10% to 25%. Our findings may help to explain the higher morbidity and mortality linked to hyperthyroid diseases, as shown in observational studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla B Larsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Kamilla R Riis
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | | | - Emil L Larsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Ellervik
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Research, Region Zealand, Sorø, Denmark
| | - Laszlo Hegedüs
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Thomas H Brix
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Henrik E Poulsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen J Bonnema
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Azova S, Rajabi F, Modi BP, Mansfield L, Jonas MM, Drobysheva A, Boyd TK, Wassner AJ, Smith JR. Graves' disease in a five-month-old boy with an unusual treatment course. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:401-406. [PMID: 33675208 PMCID: PMC10653980 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Graves' disease (GD) is rare in children under age five years. Antithyroid drugs are typically first-line therapy but carry the risks of agranulocytosis and liver dysfunction. CASE PRESENTATION A male infant with multiple congenital anomalies, left ventricular hypertrophy, and neurologic dysfunction developed GD at five months of life. The presence of chronic hepatitis complicated medical management. Potassium iodide was effective temporarily, but urgent thyroidectomy was required at nine months of age. Postoperatively, the patient developed a thyroid function pattern consistent with impaired pituitary sensitivity to thyroid hormone (TH) that responded to the addition of liothyronine. Exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous de novo duplication of the ATAD3 gene cluster, suggesting a possible mitochondrial disorder. CONCLUSIONS This case describes the youngest child to date to be diagnosed with endogenous GD and to successfully undergo definitive treatment with thyroidectomy. An underlying defect in mitochondrial function is suspected, suggesting a potential novel pathophysiologic link to early-onset thyroid autoimmunity. Additionally, this case illustrated the development of impaired pituitary sensitivity to TH following thyrotoxicosis of postnatal onset, which may contribute to our understanding of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Azova
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Farrah Rajabi
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Biren P. Modi
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; and Thyroid Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Mansfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; and Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maureen M. Jonas
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anastasia Drobysheva
- Department of Pathology, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Theonia K. Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ari J. Wassner
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; and Thyroid Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica R. Smith
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; and Thyroid Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Halczuk KM, Boguszewska K, Urbaniak SK, Szewczuk M, Karwowski BT. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a Cause of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases (AITD) During Pregnancy? THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 93:501-515. [PMID: 33005115 PMCID: PMC7513436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The thyroid is not necessary to sustain life. However, thyroid hormones (TH) strongly affect the human body. Functioning of the thyroid gland affects the reproductive capabilities of women and men, as well as fertilization and maintaining a pregnancy. For the synthesis of TH, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is necessary. From the chemical point of view, TH is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) and serves as an oxidative stress (OS) promoter. H2O2 concentration in the thyroid gland is much higher than in other tissues. Therefore, the thyroid is highly exposed to OS. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) are DNA lesions resulting from ROS action onto guanine moiety. Due to their abundance, they are recognized as biomarkers of OS. As thyroid function is correlated with the level of OS, 8-oxodG and 8-OHdG has been taken under consideration. Studies correlate the oxidative DNA damage with various thyroid diseases (TD) such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), Graves' disease (GD), and thyroid cancer. Human sexual function and fertility are also affected by OS and TD. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism diagnosed in pregnant women have a negative effect on pregnancy as it may increase the risk of miscarriage or fetus mortality. In the case of TD in the mother, fetal health is also at risk - neurodevelopment and cognitive function of the child may be impaired in its future life. This review presents thyroid function in the context of TD during pregnancy. The authors introduce OS and describe oxidative DNA lesions as a crucial marker of thyroid pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M. Halczuk
- DNA Damage Laboratory of Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical
University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Boguszewska
- DNA Damage Laboratory of Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical
University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sandra K. Urbaniak
- DNA Damage Laboratory of Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical
University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Szewczuk
- DNA Damage Laboratory of Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical
University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bolesław T. Karwowski
- DNA Damage Laboratory of Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical
University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Investigation of Meibomian Gland Function and Dry Eye Disease in Patients with Graves' Ophthalmopathy. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092814. [PMID: 32878140 PMCID: PMC7565905 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We prospectively evaluated the relationship between meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) in 19 patients (38 eyes) with subjective dry eye symptoms, compared to 14 age-matched normal participants (14 eyes). Extraocular muscle and lacrimal gland enlargement were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ocular surface examinations included fluorescein staining for keratoconjunctival epithelial damage, tear breakup time (TBUT) evaluation, and Schirmer’s test. Dry eye symptoms were evaluated with the Dry Eye-related Quality-of-Life Score (DEQS) questionnaire. Lid-margin abnormalities, meibum grade, and meiboscores were assessed using meibography. Clinical activity scores and T2 signal intensity ratios were used to define GO activity. All GO patients had obstructive MGD and 79% exhibited levator muscle enlargement. Ocular surface parameters of TBUT (p = 0.000), meibum score (p = 0.000), eyelid vasculitis (p = 0.000), meiboscore of the upper lid (p = 0.002), total meiboscores (p = 0.001), and DEQS (p = 0.000) significantly differed between GO patients and normal subjects. In addition, GO patients had significantly more abnormalities of the central region of the upper eyelid than normal subjects (p = 0.000). Thus, MGD might be related to eye discomfort and deterioration of the ocular surface in GO patients. Inflammation and morphological meibomian gland changes might be characteristic of GO.
Collapse
|
16
|
Morshed SA, Davies TF. Understanding Thyroid Cell Stress. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5621481. [PMID: 31711166 PMCID: PMC7047584 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control intracellular stress has fundamental importance since its failure results in cell death. Evidence has emerged indicating that the intracellular signals that are induced in response to diverse stresses include the deoxyribonucleic acid damage response, the unfolded protein response, the mitochondrial and/or endoplasmic reticulum stress responses, and the autophagy signals to degrade dangerous protein aggregates. These signals bring changes to the stressed cells that may support systemic homeostasis or contribute to disease pathology. In normal thyroid cells, both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant (AOD) activity is low. An increase in ROS balanced by AOD leads only to mild inflammation, but unopposed increases in ROS lead to a strong inflammatory response and may result in apoptosis. A balance between ROS and AOD is, therefore, needed to maintain thyrocyte homeostasis. This perspective describes how thyroid cells are subjected to multiple insults and how they try to protect themselves using these different cellular responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed A Morshed
- Thyroid Research Unit, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and the James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, New York
- Correspondence: Syed Morshed MD, PhD, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Box 1055, 1428 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029. E-mail:
| | - Terry F Davies
- Thyroid Research Unit, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and the James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gargouri B, Mseddi M, Mnif F, Abid M, Attia H, Lassoued S. Oxidative stress enhances the immune response to oxidatively modified catalase enzyme in patients with Graves' disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23051. [PMID: 31617239 PMCID: PMC7031633 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is associated with several autoimmune disorders and oxidative modification of proteins that may result in autoimmune response. This study aims to evaluate the catalase (CAT) activity and the autoimmune response against the native CAT and the oxidatively modified enzyme in patients with Graves' disease (GD) and healthy controls in a comparative way. METHODS The CAT activity was evaluated via spectrophotometric method. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the reactivities of autoantibody toward native, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) modified CAT were evaluated in plasmas of patients and controls. RESULTS Reduced CAT activity was found in patients compared with controls (P < .05). It was proved that levels of IgG antibodies against MDA-modified CAT were higher than against unmodified ones (P < .001). No changes were found for the reactivities to H2 O2 -modified CAT. Positive correlation was found between the reactivity to MDA-modified CAT and the triiodothyronine level (P < .001, r = .6). CONCLUSION Our findings incriminate the MDA in the autoantibodies reactivity to oxidatively modified CAT leading to a disturbed oxidative profile and/or the progression of GD pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Malek Mseddi
- Laboratory LR11ES45Research Group “Biotechnology and Pathology”National School of Engineers of SfaxSfaxTunisia
| | - Fatma Mnif
- Department of endocrinologyHedi Chaker HospitalSfaxTunisia
| | - Mohamed Abid
- Department of endocrinologyHedi Chaker HospitalSfaxTunisia
| | - Hamadi Attia
- Laboratory LR11ES45Research Group “Biotechnology and Pathology”National School of Engineers of SfaxSfaxTunisia
| | - Saloua Lassoued
- Laboratory LR11ES45Research Group “Biotechnology and Pathology”National School of Engineers of SfaxSfaxTunisia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li H, Min J, Chen Y, Li H, Zhang Y. Polydatin attenuates orbital oxidative stress in Graves’ orbitopathy through the NRF2 pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 315:108894. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
19
|
Lee GE, Kim J, Lee JS, Ko J, Lee EJ, Yoon JS. Role of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 in the Pathogenesis of Graves' Orbitopathy in Orbital Fibroblasts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:607144. [PMID: 33488522 PMCID: PMC7821242 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.607144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. We sought to investigate the role of PCSK9 in the pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) and whether it may be a legitimate target for treatment. METHODS The PCSK9 was compared between GO (n=11) and normal subjects (n=7) in orbital tissue explants using quantitative real-time PCR, and in cultured interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-treated fibroblasts using western blot. Western blot was used to identify the effects of PCSK9 inhibition on IL-1β-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines production and signaling molecules expression as well as levels of adipogenic markers and oxidative stress-related proteins. Adipogenic differentiation was identified using Oil Red O staining. The plasma PCSK9 concentrations were compared between patients with GO (n=44) and healthy subjects (n=26) by ELISA. RESULTS The PCSK9 transcript level was higher in GO tissues. The depletion of PCSK9 blunted IL-1β-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), IL-6, IL-8, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in GO and non-GO fibroblasts. The levels of activated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and phosphorylated forms of Akt and p38 were diminished when PCSK9 was suppressed in GO fibroblasts. Decreases in lipid droplets and attenuated levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), and leptin as well as hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), thioredoxin (Trx), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were noted when PCSK9 was suppressed during adipocyte differentiation. The plasma PCSK9 level was significantly higher in GO patients and correlated with level of thyrotropin binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII) and the clinical activity score (CAS). CONCLUSIONS PCSK9 plays a significant role in GO. The PCSK9 inhibition attenuated the pro-inflammatory cytokines production, oxidative stress, and fibroblast differentiation into adipocytes. PCSK9 may serve as a therapeutic target and biomarker for GO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ga Eun Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinjoo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihei Sara Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - JaeSang Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Jig Lee
- Department of Endocrinology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Sook Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jin Sook Yoon,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sur U, Erkekoglu P, Bulus AD, Andiran N, Kocer-Gumusel B. Oxidative stress markers, trace elements, and endocrine disrupting chemicals in children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 29:633-643. [PMID: 31354016 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1646367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate whether bisphenol A (BPA) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure have any association with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and its biomarkers and to determine whether oxidative stress biomarkers and trace element levels showed any alterations in children with HT. We found that superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities are lower in HT group from control (24% and 46%, respectively, p < 0.05). Zinc levels were significantly lower in HT group vs. control. In addition, the levels of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) which is the primary metabolite for DEHP, were markedly higher in HT group compared to control (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was observed between urinary BPA levels and fT4. In children with HT, oxidant/antioxidant balance is changed and these differences may be related by EDC exposure, the importance of which should be elucidated with further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Unzile Sur
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey.,Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Pinar Erkekoglu
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ayse Derya Bulus
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Turkish Ministry of Health, Keçioren Research and Training Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | | | - Belma Kocer-Gumusel
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lokman Hekim University , Ankara , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
A Pathway Analysis Based on Genome-Wide DNA Methylation of Chinese Patients with Graves' Orbitopathy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9565794. [PMID: 30733969 PMCID: PMC6348866 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9565794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis Graves' Orbitopathy (GO) is not yet fully understood. Here, we conducted a pathway analysis based on genome-wide DNA methylation data of Chinese GO patients to explore GO-related pathways and potential feature genes. Methods Six GO patients and 6 age-matched control individuals were recruited, and a genome-scale screen of DNA methylation was measured using their peripheral blood sample. After extracting the differentially methylated regions (DMRs), we classified DMRs into three clusters with respect to median absolute deviation (MAD) for GO and control group, respectively. Then the extract tests were performed to identify significant pathways by comparing the counts of genes in each cluster between GO and control group in a pathway. For each significant pathway, we calculated the Methylation-based Inference of Regulatory Activity (MIRA) score to infer the regulatory activity of genes involved in the pathway. Furthermore, we took the significant pathways as the subsets and applied Random forests (RF) method to extract GO-related feature genes. Results We identified four potential significant pathways associated with the occurrence and development of GO disease. There were Toxoplasmosis, Axon guidance, Focal adhesion, and Proteoglycans in cancer (p<0.001 or p=0.007). The identified genes involved in the significant pathways, such as LDLR (p=0.019), CDK5 (p=0.036), and PIK3CB (p=0.020), were found to be correlated with GO phenotype. Conclusion Our study suggested pathway analyses can help understand the potential relationships between the DNA methylation level of some certain genes and their regulation in Chinese GO patients.
Collapse
|
22
|
Choi W, Li Y, Ji YS, Yoon KC. Oxidative stress markers in tears of patients with Graves' orbitopathy and their correlation with clinical activity score. BMC Ophthalmol 2018; 18:303. [PMID: 30463536 PMCID: PMC6249971 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-018-0969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the concentrations of oxidative stress markers, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyquanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA), in tears and their correlation with the clinical activity score (CAS) in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) according to disease activity. Methods We recruited 27 participants with inactive stage GO, 35 participants with active stage GO, and 25 healthy controls without GO. The tear concentrations of 8-OHdG and MDA were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlation between CAS and the concentrations of tear 8-OHdG and MDA were analyzed according to the disease activity in the GO patients. Results The levels of 8-OHdG and MDA were 56.30 ± 16.81 ng/mL and 5.39 ± 1.31 pmol/mg, respectively, in the control subjects, and 123.46 ± 22.67 ng/mL and 13.59 ± 3.93 pmol/mg, respectively, in patients with inactive stage GO, and 215.14 ± 35.61 ng/mL and 22.52 ± 4.63 pmol/mg, in patients with active stage GO. The mean concentrations of 8-OHdG and MDA were higher in patients with inactive and active stage GO compared with the control group (all P < 0.001). Furthermore, in the active stage group, tear concentrations of 8-OHdG and MDA were higher than those in the inactive stage group (all P < 0.001). The level of 8-OHdG (r = 0.676, P < 0.001) and MDA (r = 0.506, P = 0.002) correlated with CAS in the active stage GO group. Conclusions The concentrations of 8-OHdG and MDA in tears increased in patients with GO, especially in those in the active stage. In patients with active stage GO, CAS correlated significantly with the tear 8-OHdG and MDA levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - Yong Sok Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology and Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - Kyung Chul Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zheng H, Wei J, Wang L, Wang Q, Zhao J, Chen S, Wei F. Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Graves' Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:3763565. [PMID: 30356415 PMCID: PMC6178160 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3763565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Low selenium status is associated with increased risk of Graves' disease (GD). While several trials have discussed the efficacy of selenium supplementation for thyroid function, in GD patients, the effectiveness of selenium intake as adjuvant therapy remains unclear. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to determine the efficacy of selenium supplementation on thyroid function in GD patients. Two reviewers searched PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and four Chinese databases for studies published up to October 31, 2017. RCTs comparing the effect of selenium supplementation on thyroid hyperfunction in GD patients on antithyroid medication to placebo were included. Serum free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyrotrophic hormone receptor antibody (TRAb), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were assessed. Ten trials involving 796 patients were included. Random-effects meta-analyses in weighted mean difference (WMD) were performed for 3, 6, and 9 months of supplementation and compared to placebo administration. Selenium supplementation significantly decreased FT4 (WMD=-0.86 [confidence interval (CI)-1.20 to -0.53]; p=0.756; I2=0.0%) and FT3 (WMD=-0.34 [CI-0.66 to -0.02]; p=0.719; I2=0.0%) levels at 3 months, compared to placebo administration; these findings were consistent at 6 but not 9 months. TSH levels were more elevated in the group of patients taking selenium than in the control group at 3 and 6, but not 9 months. TRAb levels decreased at 6 but not 9 months. At 6 months, patients on selenium supplementation were more likely than controls to show improved thyroid function; however, the effect disappeared at 9 months. Whether these effects correlate with clinically relevant measures remains to be demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Junping Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Shuya Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Fan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Giannakou M, Saltiki K, Mantzou E, Loukari E, Philippou G, Terzidis K, Stavrianos C, Kyprianou M, Psaltopoulou T, Karatzi K, Alevizaki M. The effect of obesity and dietary habits on oxidative stress in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:990-997. [PMID: 30300538 PMCID: PMC6176279 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased oxidative stress has been described in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether high oxidative stress is further influenced by obesity and dietary habits in euthyroid women with HT. METHODS Two hundred eighteen consecutive euthyroid women with HT were studied and separated in two groups; 102 with thyroxine replacement and 114 without. For the evaluation of oxidative stress, total lipid peroxide levels in serum (TOS) were measured and recoded as ‘high TOS’ vs ‘medium/low TOS’. The type of food and consumption frequency were recorded. Two binary variables were considered; normal vs low fruit consumption and daily vs sporadic vegetable consumption. RESULTS ‘High TOS’ was more frequent in women under thyroxine replacement (31.4% vs 14.7%, OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4–5.2). The prevalence of ‘high TOS’ was higher among overweight/obese women compared to women with normal BMI (30.4% vs 12.5%, OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.5–6.4). Low fruit consumption was associated with increased ‘high TOS’ prevalence (30.6% vs 12.9%, OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.4–6.2). Sporadic vegetable consumption was associated with increased ‘high TOS’ prevalence compared to daily consumption (29.9% vs 13.5%, OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.3–5.7). The examined risk factors were independent and additive in their effect on TOS. At least three risk factors had to be concomitantly present for the likelihood of ‘high TOS’ to be significantly elevated. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress is increased in women with HT under thyroxine replacement. Nevertheless, normal BMI, daily fruit and vegetable consumption, all contribute in maintaining oxidative stress at low levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giannakou
- Endocrine UnitDepartment Med Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Saltiki
- Endocrine UnitDepartment Med Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAthens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Emily Mantzou
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAthens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Loukari
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAthens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Philippou
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAthens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Terzidis
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAthens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos Stavrianos
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAthens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Miltiades Kyprianou
- Endocrine UnitDepartment Med Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Psaltopoulou
- Department of HygieneEpidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Karatzi
- Department of Nutrition and DieteticsSchool of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Alevizaki
- Endocrine UnitDepartment Med Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAthens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
- Correspondence should be addressed to M Alevizaki:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Federige MAF, Romaldini JH, Miklos ABPP, Koike MK, Takei K, Portes EDS. Serum selenium and selenoprotein-P levels in autoimmune thyroid diseases patients in a select center: a transversal study. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2017; 61:600-607. [PMID: 29412385 PMCID: PMC10522059 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Selenium (Se) supplementation has been used to help prevent the progression of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) patients. We investigated Se serum and selenoprotein P (SePP) levels in Graves' disease (GD) with and without GO, Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients and in 27 control individuals (C). SUBJECTS AND METHODS We studied 54 female and 19 male patients: 19 with GD without GO, 21 GD with GO, 14 with HT and 19 with HT+LT4. Se values were measured using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Serum SePP levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Median Se levels were similar among all groups; GD patients: 54.2 (46.5-61.1 μg/L), GO: 53.6 (43.5-60.0 μg/L), HT: 51.9 (44.6-58.5 μg/L), HT+LT4 54.4 (44-63.4) and C group patients: 56.0 (52.4-61.5 μg/L); P = 0.48. However, serum SePP was lower in GO patients: 0.30 (0.15-1.05 μg/mL) and in HT patients: 0.35 (0.2-1.17 μg/mL) compared to C group patients: 1.00 (0.564.21 μg/mL) as well as to GD patients: 1.19 (0.62-2.5 μg/mL) and HT+LT4 patients: 0.7 (0,25-1.95); P = 0.002. Linear regression analysis showed a significant relationship between SePP and TPOAb values (r = 0.445, R2 = 0.293; P < 0.0001). Multiple regression analysis found no independent variables related to Se or SePP. CONCLUSION A serum Se concentration was lower than in some other countries, but not significantly among AITD patients. The low serum SePP levels in GO and HT patients seems to express inflammatory reactions with a subsequent increase in Se-dependent protein consumption remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aurélio Ferreira Federige
- Hospital do Servidor Público EstadualSão PauloSPBrasilEndocrinología, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual (IAMSPE), São Paulo, SP Brasil
| | - João Hamilton Romaldini
- Hospital do Servidor Público EstadualSão PauloSPBrasilEndocrinología, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual (IAMSPE), São Paulo, SP Brasil
| | - Ana Beatriz Pinotti Pedro Miklos
- Hospital do Servidor Público EstadualSão PauloSPBrasilEndocrinología, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual (IAMSPE), São Paulo, SP Brasil
| | - Marcia Kiyomi Koike
- Hospital do Servidor Público EstadualSão PauloSPBrasilEndocrinología, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual (IAMSPE), São Paulo, SP Brasil
| | - Kioko Takei
- Hospital do Servidor Público EstadualSão PauloSPBrasilEndocrinología, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual (IAMSPE), São Paulo, SP Brasil
| | - Evandro de Souza Portes
- Hospital do Servidor Público EstadualSão PauloSPBrasilEndocrinología, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual (IAMSPE), São Paulo, SP Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fröhlich E, Wahl R. Thyroid Autoimmunity: Role of Anti-thyroid Antibodies in Thyroid and Extra-Thyroidal Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:521. [PMID: 28536577 PMCID: PMC5422478 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases have a high prevalence in the population, and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is one of the most common representatives. Thyroid autoantibodies are not only frequently detected in patients with AITD but also in subjects without manifest thyroid dysfunction. The high prevalence raises questions regarding a potential role in extra-thyroidal diseases. This review summarizes the etiology and mechanism of AITD and addresses prevalence of antibodies against thyroid peroxidase, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), and anti-thyroglobulin and their action outside the thyroid. The main issues limiting the reliability of the conclusions drawn here include problems with different specificities and sensitivities of the antibody detection assays employed, as well as potential confounding effects of altered thyroid hormone levels, and lack of prospective studies. In addition to the well-known effects of TSHR antibodies on fibroblasts in Graves' disease (GD), studies speculate on a role of anti-thyroid antibodies in cancer. All antibodies may have a tumor-promoting role in breast cancer carcinogenesis despite anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies having a positive prognostic effect in patients with overt disease. Cross-reactivity with lactoperoxidase leading to induction of chronic inflammation might promote breast cancer, while anti-thyroid antibodies in manifest breast cancer might be an indication for a more active immune system. A better general health condition in older women with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies might support this hypothesis. The different actions of the anti-thyroid antibodies correspond to differences in cellular location of the antigens, titers of the circulating antibodies, duration of antibody exposure, and immunological mechanisms in GD and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Internal Medicine (Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Richard Wahl
- Internal Medicine (Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Thyroid hormones in extreme longevity. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 165:98-106. [PMID: 28286215 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present review was to summarize knowledge about thyroid hormones (THs) and longevity. Longevity is a complex multifactorial phenomenon on which specific biological pathways, including hormonal networks involved in the regulation of homeostasis and survival, exert a strong impact. THs are the key responsible for growth, metabolism rate and energy expenditure, and help in maintaining cognition, bone and cardiovascular health. THs production and metabolism are fine tuned, and may help the organism to cope with a variety of environmental challenges. Experimental evidence suggests that hypothyroid state may favor longevity by reducing metabolism rate, oxidative stress and cell senescence. Data from human studies involving healthy subjects and centenarians seem to confirm this view, but THs changes observed in older patients affected by chronic diseases cannot be always interpreted as a protective adaptive mechanism aimed at reducing catabolism and prolonging survival. Medications, selected chronic diseases and multi-morbidity can interfere with thyroid function, and their impact is still to be elucidated.
Collapse
|
28
|
A meta-analysis of the association of serum ischaemia-modified albumin levels with human hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160268. [PMID: 27920278 PMCID: PMC5270316 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum levels of ischaemia-modified albumin (IMA) have been studied as a novel and simple measure of oxidative stress (OXS) in different thyroid pathologies. However, results of available studies in the literature were not consistent. This meta-analysis was attempted to quantify the overall effect size for serum IMA levels in human hypothyroidism (HT) and hyperthyroidism (HYT) and to study its associations with the thyroid profile. Databases of PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Science Direct were searched for articles. Data on serum IMA levels in HT, HYT patients and euthyroid controls were extracted to compute standardized mean differences (SMD) by the random-effects model. The associations between IMA and thyroid profile were computed by the meta-analysis of correlation coefficients. IMA levels in HT patients (SMD=1.12; Z=2.76; P=0.006) and HYT patients (SMD=1.64; Z=2.57; P=0.01) were significantly higher than in euthyroid controls and the thyroid treatment showed a favourble effect on serum IMA levels. There were strong and significant correlations between IMA and hormonal status in HT and HYT groups. This meta-analysis showing increased IMA level in both HT and HYT patients and its association with thyroid profile suggests that serum IMA could be used as a simple measure of increased OXS in thyroid dysfunction.
Collapse
|
29
|
Eskalli Z, Achouri Y, Hahn S, Many MC, Craps J, Refetoff S, Liao XH, Dumont JE, Van Sande J, Corvilain B, Miot F, De Deken X. Overexpression of Interleukin-4 in the Thyroid of Transgenic Mice Upregulates the Expression of Duox1 and the Anion Transporter Pendrin. Thyroid 2016; 26:1499-1512. [PMID: 27599561 PMCID: PMC5067804 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dual oxidases (Duox) are involved in hydrogen peroxide generation, which is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis, and therefore they are markers of thyroid function. During inflammation, cytokines upregulate DUOX gene expression in the airway and the intestine, suggesting a role for these proteins in innate immunity. It was previously demonstrated that interleukin-4 (IL-4) upregulates DUOX gene expression in thyrocytes. Although the role of IL-4 in autoimmune thyroid diseases has been studied extensively, the effects of IL-4 on thyroid physiology remain largely unknown. Therefore, a new animal model was generated to study the impact of IL-4 on thyroid function. METHODS Transgenic (Thyr-IL-4) mice with thyroid-targeted expression of murine IL-4 were generated. Transgene expression was verified at the mRNA and protein level in thyroid tissues and primary cultures. The phenotype of the Thyr-IL-4 animals was characterized by measuring serum thyroxine (T4) and thyrotropin levels and performing thyroid morphometric analysis, immunohistochemistry, whole transcriptome sequencing, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and ex vivo thyroid function assays. RESULTS Thyrocytes from two Thyr-IL-4 mouse lines (#30 and #52) expressed IL-4, which was secreted into the extracellular space. Although 10-month-old transgenic animals had T4 and thyrotropin serum levels in the normal range, they had altered thyroid follicular structure with enlarged follicles composed of elongated thyrocytes containing numerous endocytic vesicles. These follicles were positive for T4 staining the colloid, indicating their capacity to produce thyroid hormones. RNA profiling of Thyr-IL-4 thyroid samples revealed modulation of multiple genes involved in inflammation, while no major leukocyte infiltration could be detected. Upregulated expression of Duox1, Duoxa1, and the pendrin anion exchanger gene (Slc26a4) was detected. In contrast, the iodide symporter gene Slc5a5 was markedly downregulated resulting in impaired iodide uptake and reduced thyroid hormone levels in transgenic thyroid tissue. Hydrogen peroxide production was increased in Thyr-IL-4 thyroid tissue compared with wild-type animals, but no significant oxidative stress could be detected. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show that ectopic expression of IL-4 in thyroid tissue upregulates Duox1/Duoxa1 and Slc26a4 expression in the thyroid. The present data demonstrate that IL-4 could affect thyroid morphology and function, mainly by downregulating Slc5a5 expression, while maintaining a normal euthyroid phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Eskalli
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Younes Achouri
- Institut De Duve, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stephan Hahn
- Laboratory of Image, Signal processing and Acoustics—Brussels School of Engineering, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Christine Many
- Pôle de Morphologie (MORF), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Craps
- Pôle de Morphologie (MORF), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samuel Refetoff
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiao-Hui Liao
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jacques E. Dumont
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacqueline Van Sande
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Françoise Miot
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier De Deken
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Korkmaz H, Tabur S, Savaş E, Özkaya M, Aksoy ŞN, Aksoy N, Akarsu E. Evaluation of Serum S100A8/S100A9 Levels in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases. Balkan Med J 2016; 33:547-551. [PMID: 27761284 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2016.15881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The correlation of S100A8/S100A9 with various inflammatory conditions, including autoimmune diseases have been reported. There is no study investigating the levels of S100A8/S100A9 in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). AIMS We aimed to evaluate the level of serum S100A8/S100A9 in AITD. STUDY DESIGN Case control study. METHODS Fifty patients with AITD (25 Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and 25 Graves' disease (GD)) were included in the study. Twenty seven healthy subjects participated as a control group. Blood samples were obtained in the 3 months after the initiation of medical treatment. Serum levels of total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidative status (TOS), total free sulfhydryl (SH), lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) and S100A8/S100A9 were analyzed. RESULTS The patients with AITD had significantly higher S100A8/S100A9, OSI, LOOH and TOS levels than the healthy control group. There was no significant difference between GD and HT patients in terms of S100A8/S100A9, TOS and OSI levels. S100A8/S100A9 level was positively correlated with LOOH, TOS and OSI levels but negatively correlated with -SH level in the patients with AITD. CONCLUSION Serum S100A8/S100A9 levels were increased in patients with AITD and positively correlated with LOOH, TOS and OSI whereas negatively correlated with SH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Korkmaz
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Edirne State Hospital, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Suzan Tabur
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Esen Savaş
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mesut Özkaya
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Şefika Nur Aksoy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Nurten Aksoy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Harran University School of Medicine, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Ersin Akarsu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cigarette Smoke Extract-Induced Oxidative Stress and Fibrosis-Related Genes Expression in Orbital Fibroblasts from Patients with Graves' Ophthalmopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4676289. [PMID: 27340508 PMCID: PMC4909929 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4676289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor for the development or deterioration of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Smoke-induced increased generation of reactive oxygen species may be involved. However, it remains to be clarified how orbital fibroblasts are affected by cigarette smoking. Our study demonstrated that Graves' orbital fibroblasts have exaggerated response to cigarette smoke extract challenge along with increased oxidative stress, fibrosis-related genes expression, especially connective tissue growth factor, and intracellular levels of transforming growth factor-β1 and interleukin-1β. The findings obtained in this study provide some clues for the impact of cigarette smoking on Graves' ophthalmopathy and offer a theoretical basis for the potential and rational use of antioxidants in treating Graves' ophthalmopathy.
Collapse
|
32
|
Uchida D, Takaki A, Ishikawa H, Tomono Y, Kato H, Tsutsumi K, Tamaki N, Maruyama T, Tomofuji T, Tsuzaki R, Yasunaka T, Koike K, Matsushita H, Ikeda F, Miyake Y, Shiraha H, Nouso K, Yoshida R, Umeda Y, Shinoura S, Yagi T, Fujiwara T, Morita M, Fukushima M, Yamamoto K, Okada H. Oxidative stress balance is dysregulated and represents an additional target for treating cholangiocarcinoma. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:732-43. [PMID: 27021847 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2016.1172071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatico-biliary malignancies exhibit similar characteristics, including obesity-related features and poor prognosis, and require new treatment strategies. Oxidative stress is known to induce DNA damage and carcinogenesis, and its reduction is viewed as being favorable. However, it also has anti-infection and anti-cancer functions that need to be maintained. To reveal the effect of oxidative stress on cancer progression, we evaluated oxidative stress and anti-oxidative balance in pancreatic cancer (PC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC) patients, as well as the effect of add-on antioxidant treatment to chemotherapy in a mouse cholangiocarcinoma model. METHODS We recruited 84 CC and 80 PC patients who were admitted to our hospital. Serum levels of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) and the anti-oxidative OXY-adsorbent test were determined and the balance of these tests was defined as an oxidative index. A diabetic mouse-based cholangiocarcinoma model was utilized to evaluate the effects of add-on antioxidant therapy on cholangiocarcinoma chemotherapy. RESULTS Serum ROM was higher and anti-oxidant OXY was lower in CC patients with poor outcomes. These parameters were not significantly different in PC patients. In mice, vitamin E administration induced antioxidant hemeoxygenase (HO)-1 protein expression in cancer tissue, while the number of stem-like cells increased. l-carnitine administration improved intestinal microbiome and biliary acid balance, upregulated the hepatic mitochondrial membrane uptake related gene Cpt1 in non-cancerous tissue, and did not alter stem-like cell numbers. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress balance was dysregulated in cholangiocarcinoma with poor outcome. The mitochondrial function-supporting agent l-carnitine is a good candidate to control oxidative stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Uchida
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Akinobu Takaki
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Hisashi Ishikawa
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Yasuko Tomono
- b Shigei Medical Research Institute , Okayama , Japan
| | - Hironari Kato
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Koichiro Tsutsumi
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Naofumi Tamaki
- c Department of Preventive Dentistry , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan ;,d Department of Preventive Dentistry Institute of Health Biosciences , Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Takayuki Maruyama
- c Department of Preventive Dentistry , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Takaaki Tomofuji
- c Department of Preventive Dentistry , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Tsuzaki
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yasunaka
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Kazuko Koike
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsushita
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Fusao Ikeda
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miyake
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Hidenori Shiraha
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nouso
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Ryuichi Yoshida
- e Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Yuzo Umeda
- e Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Susumu Shinoura
- e Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Takahito Yagi
- e Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- e Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Manabu Morita
- c Department of Preventive Dentistry , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | | | - Kazuhide Yamamoto
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Korkmaz H, Tabur S, Ozkaya M, Oguz E, Elboga U, Aksoy N, Akarsu E. Paraoxonase and arylesterase levels in autoimmune thyroid diseases. Redox Rep 2016; 21:227-31. [PMID: 26795296 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2015.1107310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity and its association with oxidative stress in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). METHODS A total of 50 patients with AITD, including 25 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and 25 with Graves' disease were enrolled. The control group comprised 27 healthy subjects. Blood samples were obtained in the euthyroid period and 3 months after initiation of medical treatment. Serum samples from patients with AITD and the healthy control group were analyzed for basal PON1, salt-stimulated PON1, and arylesterase (ARE) activities, along with lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) and total free sulfhydryl (-SH) levels. RESULTS Serum PON1 activities and -SH levels were significantly lower (P < 0.001, for each), whereas LOOH levels were significantly higher (P < 0.001, for each) in patients with AITD, compared to the control group. We observed no significant differences in ARE levels between the patient and healthy control groups (P > 0.05). PON1 activity was positively correlated with -SH (r = 0.522, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with LOOH (r = -0.487, P < 0.001). PON1 phenotype distribution of the subjects was not significantly different among the three groups (P = 0.961). CONCLUSIONS Serum PON1 activity is decreased in patients with AITD, and correlated positively with -SH, a well-known antioxidant, and negatively with LOOH, an index of lipid oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Korkmaz
- a Edirne State Hospital, Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease , 22030 , Turkey
| | - Suzan Tabur
- b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology , Gaziantep University , 27100 Sahinbey , Turkey
| | - Mesut Ozkaya
- b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology , Gaziantep University , 27100 Sahinbey , Turkey
| | - Elif Oguz
- c Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology , Harran University , 63300 Sanliurfa , Turkey
| | - Umut Elboga
- d Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine , Gaziantep University , 27100 Sahinbey , Turkey
| | - Nurten Aksoy
- e Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Harran University , 63300 Sanliurfa , Turkey
| | - Ersin Akarsu
- b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology , Gaziantep University , 27100 Sahinbey , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cammarota F, Fiscardi F, Esposito T, de Vita G, Salvatore M, Laukkanen MO. Clinical relevance of thyroid cell models in redox research. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:113. [PMID: 26664298 PMCID: PMC4673788 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid-derived cell models are commonly used to investigate the characteristics of thyroid cancers. It is noteworthy that each in vitro single cell model system imitates only a few characteristics of thyroid cancer depending on e.g. source of cells or oncogene used to transform the cells. Methods In the current work we utilized rat thyroid cancer cell models
to determine their clinical relevance in redox gene studies by comparing in vitro expression data to thyroid Oncomine microarray database. To survey the cell lines we analyzed mRNA expression of genes that produce superoxide anion (nox family), genes that catalyze destruction of superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide (sod family), and genes that remove hydrogen peroxide from cellular environment (catalase, gpx family and prdx family). Results Based on the current results, rat thyroid PC Cl3, PC PTC1, PC E1A, or FRLT5 cell models can be used to study NOX2, NOX4, SOD2, SOD3, CATALASE, GPX1, GPX2, GPX5, PRDX2, and PRDX3 gene expression and function. Conclusions Redox gene expression in rat originated single cell model systems used to study human thyroid carcinogenesis corresponds only partly with human redox gene expression, which may be caused by differences in redox gene activation stimulus. The data suggest careful estimation of the data observed in rat thyroid in vitro models. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-015-0264-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gabriella de Vita
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80014 Naples, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Alteration of Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF) Expression in Orbital Fibroblasts from Patients with Graves' Ophthalmopathy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143514. [PMID: 26599235 PMCID: PMC4657967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is a disfiguring and sometimes blinding disease, which is characterized by inflammation and swelling of orbital tissues, with fibrosis and adipogenesis being predominant features. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the expression levels of fibrosis-related genes, especially that of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), are altered in orbital fibroblasts of patients with GO. The role of oxidative stress in the regulation of CTGF expression in GO orbital fibroblasts is also examined. By a SYBR Green-based real time quantitative PCR (RT-QPCR), we demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of fibronectin, apolipoprotein J, and CTGF in cultured orbital fibroblasts from patients with GO were significantly higher than those of age-matched normal controls (p = 0.007, 0.037, and 0.002, respectively). In addition, the protein expression levels of fibronectin, apolipoprotein J, and CTGF analyzed by Western blot were also significantly higher in GO orbital fibroblasts (p = 0.046, 0.032, and 0.008, respectively) as compared with the control. Furthermore, after treatment of orbital fibroblasts with a sub-lethal dose of hydrogen peroxide (200 μM H2O2), we found that the H2O2-induced increase of CTGF expression was more pronounced in the GO orbital fibroblasts as compared with those in normal controls (20% vs. 7%, p = 0.007). Importantly, pre-incubation with antioxidants including N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and vitamin C, respectively, resulted in significant attenuation of the induction of CTGF in GO orbital fibroblasts in response to H2O2 (p = 0.004 and 0.015, respectively). Taken together, we suggest that oxidative stress plays a role in the alteration of the expression of CTGF in GO orbital fibroblasts that may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of GO. Antioxidants may be used in combination with the therapeutic agents for effective treatment of GO.
Collapse
|
36
|
Mseddi M, Ben Mansour R, Mnif F, Gargouri B, Abid M, Guermazi F, Attia H, Lassoued S. Lipid peroxidation, proteins modifications, anti-oxidant enzymes activities and selenium deficiency in the plasma of hashitoxicosis patients. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2015; 6:181-8. [PMID: 26445640 PMCID: PMC4579411 DOI: 10.1177/2042018815589057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the oxidative stress profile in hashitoxicosis (HTX) and to compare it with that of healthy subjects. PATIENTS AND METHODS Spectrophotometric methods were used to evaluate the oxidative stress markers. The selenium level was investigated by atomic absorption. RESULTS High levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and conjugated dienes were found in HTX patients (p = 0.034 and p = 0.043, respectively) compared with healthy controls. For antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities increased, whereas that of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) decreased (p = 0.000, p = 0.014, p = 0.000, respectively) compared with controls. A reduction in the level of selenium (p = 0.029) and thiol groups (p = 0.008) were shown in patients; however, levels of carbonyl group and malondialdehyde (MDA) protein adducts decreased (p = 0.000) compared with controls. Positive correlation was shown between levels of free thyroxine (FT4) and TBARS (r = 0.711, p = 0.048) and between FT4 level and SOD activity (r = 0.713, p = 0.047). Conversely, GPx activity presented a negative correlation with FT4 and free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels (r = -0.934, p = 0.001; r = -0.993, p = 0.000, respectively). In addition, GPx activity showed positive correlation with selenium level (r = 0.981, p = 0.019) and the FT3 level correlated negatively with the level of thiol groups (r = -0.892, p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS This study shows the presence of an oxidative stress and selenium deficiency in HTX patients and suggests that the hyperthyroid state is strongly implicated in the establishment of this disturbed oxidative profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fatma Mnif
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Hedi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Mohamed Abid
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Hedi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fadhel Guermazi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamadi Attia
- National School of Engineers of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kaçmaz M, Atmaca M, Arslan A, Demir H, Özbay MF. Oxidative stress in patients with thyroidectomy and thyroparathyroidectomy under replacement therapy. Endocrine 2015; 48:227-32. [PMID: 24760660 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated an imbalance between free radicals and the antioxidative system in individuals with thyroid dysfunction. However, oxidative stress has not been evaluated in patients with thyroidectomy and thyroparathyroidectomy, who are under replacement therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress using malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and catalase levels in patients with thyroidectomy and thyroparathyroidectomy. Nineteen patients with thyroidectomy, 20 patients with thyroparathyroidectomy, and 20 controls with no history of thyroid or parathyroid disease or surgery were included in the study. Serum malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and catalase levels were examined. Levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde were elevated, and catalase levels decreased in patients with thyroidectomy and thyroparathyroidectomy compared with controls (p value for all the parameters: p<0.001). Free tetraiodothyronine was a potential predictor of malondialdehyde in the patient groups (p: 0.002). Catalase was negatively correlated with nitric oxide (p<0.01) and malondialdehyde (p<0.01). The results of the current study demonstrated that oxidative stress increased in patients with thyroidectomy and thyroparathyroidectomy despite the application of replacement therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kaçmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Erem C, Suleyman AK, Civan N, Mentese A, Nuhoglu İ, Uzun A, Ersoz HO, Deger O. Ischemia-modified albümin and malondialdehyde levels in patients with overt and subclinical hyperthyroidism: effects of treatment on oxidative stress. Endocr J 2015; 62:493-501. [PMID: 25843331 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej14-0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients with OHyper and SHyper, to assess the effects of antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy on the oxidative stress (OS) parameters. Forty-five untreated patients with overt hyperthyroidism (OHyper), 20 untreated patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism (SHyper) and 30 age-and sex-matched healthy controls were prospectively included in the study. Biochemical and hormonal parameters were evaluated in all patients before and after treatment. Compared with the control subjects, the levels of MDA, glucose and TG were significantly increased in patients with SHyper (p<0.05), whereas LDL-C levels were significantly decreased (p<0.01). Patients with OHyper showed significantly elevated MDA and glucose levels (p<0.001) and significantly decreased LDL-C and HDL-C levels compared with the controls (p<0.01). In patients with Graves' disease, serum TSH levels were inversely correlated with plasma MDA levels (r: -0.42, p<0.05). Plasma MDA levels significantly decreased and levels of TC, LDL-C and HDL-C significantly increased in the groups of OHyper and SHyper after treatment. Serum IMA levels did not significantly change at baseline and with the therapy in all subjects. In conclusion, increased MDA levels in both patient groups represent increased lipid peroxidation which might play an important role in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerosis in these patients. Increased oxidative stress in patients with SHyper and OHyper could be improved by ATD therapy. Also, MDA can be used as a reliable marker of OS and oxidative damage, while IMA is considered to be inappropriate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cihangir Erem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Khong JJ, Goldstein RF, Sanders KM, Schneider H, Pope J, Burdon KP, Craig JE, Ebeling PR. Serum selenium status in Graves' disease with and without orbitopathy: a case-control study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 80:905-10. [PMID: 24372054 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Selenium is effective in improving quality of life and reducing the progression of active Graves' orbitopathy. The effect of correcting relative selenium deficiency on improving Graves' orbitopathy is unknown, as baseline selenium levels have not previously been measured. The study aims to determine whether serum selenium levels are reduced in patients with Graves' disease with orbitopathy (GO) compared with without orbitopathy (GD). DESIGN A prospective, case-control study performed between 2009 and 2012 at endocrine and ophthalmology clinics in Australia. PATIENTS A total of 198 patients with Graves' disease participated in the study: 101 with Graves' orbitopathy and 97 without Graves' orbitopathy. MEASUREMENTS Serum selenium levels in both groups. RESULTS Mean serum selenium levels were significantly lower in GO (1·10 ± 0·18 μm) than in GD (1·19 ± 0·20 μm) (P = 0·001). Mean selenium levels appeared to decrease in parallel with increasing severity of GO; selenium level was 1·19 ± 0·20 μm in GD, 1·10 ± 0·19 μm in moderate-to-severe GO and 1·09 ± 0·17 μm in sight-threatening GO (P = 0·003). Serum selenium levels remained significantly lower in GO after adjusting for age, smoking status, thyroidectomy, radioactive iodine treatment and residential location. CONCLUSION Serum selenium levels are lower in patients with GO compared with GD in an Australian study population with marginal selenium status. Relative selenium deficiency may be an independent risk factor for orbitopathy in patients with Graves' disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jwu Jin Khong
- NorthWest Academic Centre, The University of Melbourne, Western Health, St. Albans, Australia; Orbital Plastics and Lacrimal Unit, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li H, Fitchett C, Kozdon K, Jayaram H, Rose GE, Bailly M, Ezra DG. Independent adipogenic and contractile properties of fibroblasts in Graves' orbitopathy: an in vitro model for the evaluation of treatments. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95586. [PMID: 24751986 PMCID: PMC3994071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is a disfiguring and sometimes blinding disease, characterised by inflammation and swelling of orbital tissues, with fibrosis and adipogenesis being predominant features. Little is known about the disease aetiology and the molecular mechanisms driving the phenotypic changes in orbital fibroblasts are unknown. Using fibroblasts isolated from the orbital fat of undiseased individuals or GO patients, we have established a novel in vitro model to evaluate the dual profile of GO cells in a three-dimensional collagen matrix; this pseudo-physiological 3D environment allows measurement of their contractile and adipogenic properties. GO cells contracted collagen matrices more efficiently than control cells following serum or TGFβ1 stimulation, and showed a slightly increased ability to proliferate in the 3D matrix, in accordance with a fibro-proliferative phenotype. GO cells, unlike controls, also spontaneously differentiated into adipocytes in 3D cultures - confirming an intrinsic adipogenic profile. However, both control and GO cells underwent adipogenesis when cultured under pathological pressure levels. We further demonstrate that a Thy-1-low population of GO cells underlies the adipogenic - but not the contractile - phenotype and, using inhibitors, confirm that the contractile and adipogenic phenotypes are regulated by separate pathways. In view of the current lack of suitable treatment for GO, we propose that this new model testing the duality of the GO phenotype could be useful as a preclinical evaluation for the efficacy of potential treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Fitchett
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Kozdon
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hari Jayaram
- Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey E. Rose
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, UCL Partners AHSC, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maryse Bailly
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniel G. Ezra
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, UCL Partners AHSC, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Winsz-Szczotka K, Komosińska-Vassev K, Kuźnik-Trocha K, Olczyk K. Antioxidant activity and structural modifications of serum chondroitin sulfate in Graves' disease. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
42
|
Cheng KC, Huang HH, Hung CT, Chen CC, Wu WC, Suen JL, Chen KJ, Wu YJ, Chang CH. Proteomic analysis of the differences in orbital protein expression in thyroid orbitopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2013; 251:2777-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-013-2446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
43
|
Morshed SA, Ma R, Latif R, Davies TF. How one TSH receptor antibody induces thyrocyte proliferation while another induces apoptosis. J Autoimmun 2013; 47:17-24. [PMID: 23958398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) activates two major G-protein arms, Gsα and Gq leading to initiation of down-stream signaling cascades for survival, proliferation and production of thyroid hormones. Antibodies to the TSH receptor (TSHR-Abs), found in patients with Graves' disease, may have stimulating, blocking, or neutral actions on the thyroid cell. We have shown previously that such TSHR-Abs are distinct signaling imprints after binding to the TSHR and that such events can have variable functional consequences for the cell. In particular, there is a great contrast between stimulating (S) TSHR-Abs, which induce thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion as well as thyroid cell proliferation, compared to so called "neutral" (N) TSHR-Abs which may induce thyroid cell apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In the present study, using a rat thyrocyte (FRTL-5) ex vivo model system, our hypothesis was that while N-TSHR-Abs can induce apoptosis via activation of mitochondrial ROS (mROS), the S-TSHR-Abs are able to stimulate cell survival and avoid apoptosis by actively suppressing mROS. Using fluorescent microscopy, fluorometry, live cell imaging, immunohistochemistry and immunoblot assays, we have observed that S-TSHR-Abs do indeed suppress mROS and cellular stress and this suppression is exerted via activation of the PKA/CREB and AKT/mTOR/S6K signaling cascades. Activation of these signaling cascades, with the suppression of mROS, initiated cell proliferation. In sharp contrast, a failure to activate these signaling cascades with increased activation of mROS induced by N-TSHR-Abs resulted in thyroid cell apoptosis. Our current findings indicated that signaling diversity induced by different TSHR-Abs regulated thyroid cell fate. While S-TSHR-Abs may rescue cells from apoptosis and induce thyrocyte proliferation, N-TSHR-Abs aggravate the local inflammatory infiltrate within the thyroid gland, or in the retro-orbit, by inducing cellular apoptosis; a phenomenon known to activate innate and by-stander immune-reactivity via DNA release from the apoptotic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed A Morshed
- Thyroid Research Unit, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Ageing is a process characterized by a progressive decline in cellular function, organismal fitness and increased risk of age-related diseases and death. Several hundred theories have attempted to explain this phenomenon. One of the most popular is the 'oxidative stress theory', originally termed the 'free radical theory'. The endocrine system seems to have a role in the modulation of oxidative stress; however, much less is known about the role that oxidative stress might have in the ageing of the endocrine system and the induction of age-related endocrine diseases. This Review outlines the interactions between hormones and oxidative metabolism and the potential effects of oxidative stress on ageing of endocrine organs. Many different mechanisms that link oxidative stress and ageing are discussed, all of which converge on the induction or regulation of inflammation. All these mechanisms, including cell senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction and microRNA dysregulation, as well as inflammation itself, could be targets of future studies aimed at clarifying the effects of oxidative stress on ageing of endocrine glands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Vitale
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18, Cusano Milanino (MI) 20095, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Comparative Analysis of Serum (Anti)oxidative Status Parаmeters in Healthy Persons. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:6106-15. [PMID: 23507749 PMCID: PMC3634506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14036106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Five antioxidant and two oxidative stress assays were applied to serum samples of 43 healthy males. The antioxidant tests showed different inter-assay correlations. A very good correlation of 0.807 was observed between the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and total antioxidant status (TAS) assay and also a fair correlation of 0.501 between the biological antioxidant potential (BAP) and TAS assay. There was no statistically significant correlation between the BAP and FRAP assay. The anti-oxidant assays have a high correlation with uric acid, especially the TAS (0.922) and FRAP assay (0.869). The BAP assay has a much lower and no statistically significant correlation with uric acid (0.302), which makes BAP more suitable for the antioxidant status. The total thiol assay showed no statistically significant correlation with uric acid (0.114). The total thiol assay, which is based on a completely different principle, showed a good and statistically significant correlation with the BAP assay (0.510) and also to the TAS assay, but to a lower and not significant extent (0.279) and not with the FRAP assay (-0.008). The oxy-adsorbent test (OXY) assay has no correlation with any of the other assays tested. The oxidative stress assays, reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) and total oxidant status (TOS), based on a different principle, do not show a statistically significant correlation with the serum samples in this study. Both assays showed a negative, but not significant, correlation with the antioxidant assays. In conclusion, the ROM, TOS, BAP and TTP assays are based on different principles and will have an additional value when a combination of these assays will be applied in large-scale population studies.
Collapse
|
46
|
Marcocci C, Leo M, Altea MA. Oxidative stress in graves' disease. Eur Thyroid J 2012; 1:80-7. [PMID: 24783001 PMCID: PMC3821469 DOI: 10.1159/000337976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the consequent oxidative damage are involved in the development of several diseases, including autoimmune diseases. Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism and, less frequently, orbitopathy. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by increased oxidative stress. Untreated hyperthyroidism is associated with an increase of several parameters of oxidative stress and in most studies (but not all) by an increase of antioxidant defense enzymes. Restoration of euthyroidism with antithyroid drug is associated with a reversal of the biochemical abnormalities associated with oxidative stress. Animal and human studies suggest that increased ROS may directly contribute to some clinical manifestation of the disease, including orbitopathy. Antioxidants administered alone improve some clinical signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism and, when associated with antithyroid drugs, induce a more rapid control of clinical manifestations and a faster achievement of euthyroidism. A large randomized clinical trial has shown that antioxidant supplementation (selenium) may also be beneficial for mild Graves' orbitopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Marcocci
- *Prof. Claudio Marcocci, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolsim, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, IT–56124 Pisa (Italy), Tel. +39 050 995 878, E-Mail
| | | | | |
Collapse
|