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Plemmenos G, Piperi C. Pathogenic Molecular Mechanisms in Periodontitis and Peri-Implantitis: Role of Advanced Glycation End Products. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020218. [PMID: 35207505 PMCID: PMC8874682 DOI: 10.3390/life12020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs), the products of the non-enzymatic oxidation of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, are accumulated in periodontal tissues under hyperglycemic conditions such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and are responsible for sustained periodontal destruction. AGEs mediate their intracellular effects either directly or indirectly through receptor binding (via RAGE) in all types of periodontal ligament cells (osteocytes, gingival fibroblasts, stem cells, epithelial cells), indicating an important target for intervention. In combination with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), the negative impact of AGEs on periodontal tissue is further enhanced and accentuated. In addition, AGE accumulation is evident in peri-implantitis, yet through different underlying molecular mechanisms. Novel therapeutic approaches targeting the effects of AGEs in periodontal ligament cells show beneficial effects in pre-clinical studies. Herein, we provide evidence on the detrimental role of AGE accumulation in oral cavity tissues and their associated signaling pathways in periodontitis and peri-implantitis to further highlight the significance of oral or topical use of AGE blockers or inhibitors along with dental biofilms’ removal and DM regulation in patients’ management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Plemmenos
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; or
| | - Christina Piperi
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; or
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2107462610
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2
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Bhattarai G, So HS, Kieu TTT, Kook SH, Lee JC, Jeon YM. Astaxanthin Inhibits Diabetes-Triggered Periodontal Destruction, Ameliorates Oxidative Complications in STZ-Injected Mice, and Recovers Nrf2-Dependent Antioxidant System. Nutrients 2021; 13:3575. [PMID: 34684576 PMCID: PMC8537008 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies highlight that astaxanthin (ASTX) ameliorates hyperglycemic condition and hyperglycemia-associated chronic complications. While periodontitis and periodontic tissue degradation are also triggered under chronic hyperglycemia, the roles of ASTX on diabetes-associated periodontal destruction and the related mechanisms therein are not yet fully understood. Here, we explored the impacts of supplemental ASTX on periodontal destruction and systemic complications in type I diabetic mice. To induce diabetes, C57BL/6 mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 150 mg/kg), and the hyperglycemic mice were orally administered with ASTX (12.5 mg/kg) (STZ+ASTX group) or vehicle only (STZ group) daily for 60 days. Supplemental ASTX did not improve hyperglycemic condition, but ameliorated excessive water and feed consumptions and lethality in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Compared with the non-diabetic and STZ+ASTX groups, the STZ group exhibited severe periodontal destruction. Oral gavage with ASTX inhibited osteoclastic formation and the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand, 8-OHdG, γ-H2AX, cyclooxygenase 2, and interleukin-1β in the periodontium of STZ-injected mice. Supplemental ASTX not only increased the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and osteogenic transcription factors in the periodontium, but also recovered circulating lymphocytes and endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity in the blood of STZ-injected mice. Furthermore, the addition of ASTX blocked advanced glycation end products-induced oxidative stress and growth inhibition in human-derived periodontal ligament cells by upregulating the Nrf2 pathway. Together, our results suggest that ASTX does not directly improve hyperglycemia, but ameliorates hyperglycemia-triggered periodontal destruction and oxidative systemic complications in type I diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Bhattarai
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
- Institute of Oral Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Han-Sol So
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (H.-S.S.); (T.T.T.K.)
| | - Thi Thu Trang Kieu
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (H.-S.S.); (T.T.T.K.)
| | - Sung-Ho Kook
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (H.-S.S.); (T.T.T.K.)
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
- Institute of Oral Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (H.-S.S.); (T.T.T.K.)
| | - Young-Mi Jeon
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
- Institute of Oral Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Korea
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3
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Histomorphometric analysis of implant osseointegration using hydrophilic implants in diabetic rats. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:5867-5878. [PMID: 33765194 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03892-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate peri-implant bone formation of titanium implants using an in vivo rat model with and without uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) to evaluate osseointegration of hydrophobic (Neoporos®) and hydrophilic (Acqua®) surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS 54 rats were divided into two groups: DM group (DMG) (streptozotocin-induced diabetes) and a control group (CG). Implants with hydrophobic (Neoporos®) and hydrophilic surfaces (Acqua®) were placed in the left or right tibia of animals. Animals were further divided into three groups (n = 9) euthanized after 7, 14, or 28 days. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) were assessed in total, cortical, and medullary areas. RESULTS The DMG group, after a 7-day healing period, yielded with the Acqua implants presented significantly higher total BIC (+37.9%; p=0.03) and trabecular BIC (%) (+46.3%; p=0.02) values in comparison to the Neoporos implants. After 28 days of healing, the CG yielded that the cortical BAFO of Acqua implants to be significantly, 14%, higher (p=0.04) than Neoporos implants. CONCLUSION The positive effects of the Acqua surface were able to counteract the adverse impact of uncontrolled DM at early osseointegration periods. After 28 days in vivo, the metabolic systemic impairment caused by DM overcame the surface treatment effect, leading to impaired osseointegration in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic implants. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The adverse effects of diabetes mellitus with respect to bone healing may be minimized by deploying implants with strategically modified surfaces. This study evaluated the effects of implants with Acqua® and Neoporos® surfaces in both diabetic and healthy animals. During the initial healing period in diabetic animals, the hydrophilic surface was demonstrated to have beneficial effect on osseointegration in comparison to the hydrophobic surface. The results provide an insight into early healing, but the authors suggest that a future short-term and long-term clinical study is needed to assess the possible benefit of the Acqua® implant as well as in increasing the predictability of implant osseointegration.
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Malta FS, Garcia RP, Azarias JS, Ribeiro GKDR, Miranda TS, Shibli JA, Bastos MF. Impact of hyperglycemia and treatment with metformin on ligature-induced bone loss, bone repair and expression of bone metabolism transcription factors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237660. [PMID: 32841254 PMCID: PMC7447028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus on bone loss, bone repair and cytokine production in hyperglycemic rats, treated or not with metformin. The animals were distributed as follow: Non-Hyperglycemic (NH), Non Hyperglycemic with Ligature (NH-L), Treated Non Hyperglycemic (TNH), Treated Non Hyperglycemic with Ligature Treated (TNH-L), Hyperglycemic (H), Treated Hyperglycemic (TH), Hyperglycemic with Ligature (H-L), Treated Hyperglycemic with Ligature (TH-L). At 40th day after induction of hyperglycemia, the groups NH-L, TNH-L, H-L, TH-L received a ligature to induce periodontitis. On the 69th, the TNH, TNH-L, TH, TH-L groups received metformin until the end of the study. Bone repair was evaluated at histometric and the expression levels of Sox9, RunX2 and Osterix. Analysis of the ex-vivo expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-4, TGF-β, IL-10, IL-6 and IL-17 were also evaluated. Metformin partially reverse induced bone loss in NH and H animals. Lower OPG/RANKL, increased OCN and TRAP expression were observed in hyperglycemic animals, and treatment with metformin partially reversed hyperglycemia on the OPG/RANKL, OPN and TRAP expression in the periodontitis. The expression of SOX9 and RunX2 were also decreased by hyperglycemia and metformin treatment. Increased ex vivo levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-17 was observed. Hyperglycemia promoted increased IL-10 levels compared to non-hyperglycemic ones. Treatment of NH with metformin was able to mediate increased levels of TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-17, whereas for H an increase of TNF-α and IL-17 was detected in the 24- or 48-hour after stimulation with LPS. Ligature was able to induce increased levels of TNF-α and IL-17 in both NH and H. This study revealed the negative impact of hyperglycemia and/or treatment with metformin in the bone repair via inhibition of transcription factors associated with osteoblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Souza Malta
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Puertas Garcia
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josuel Siqueira Azarias
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tamires Szemereske Miranda
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jamil Awad Shibli
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta Ferreira Bastos
- Department of Post-Graduation in Aging Sciences, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Polak D, Sanui T, Nishimura F, Shapira L. Diabetes as a risk factor for periodontal disease-plausible mechanisms. Periodontol 2000 2020; 83:46-58. [PMID: 32385872 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present narrative review examines the scientific evidence of the biological mechanisms that may link periodontitis and diabetes, as a source of comorbidity. Publications regarding periodontitis and diabetes, in human, animals, and in vitro were screened for their relevance. Periodontal microbiome studies indicate a possible association between altered glucose metabolism in prediabetes and diabetes and changes in the periodontal microbiome. Coinciding with this, hyperglycemia enhances expression of pathogen receptors, which enhance host response to the dysbiotic microbiome. Hyperglycemia also promotes pro-inflammatory response independently or via the advanced glycation end product/receptor for advanced glycation end product pathway. These processes excite cellular tissue destruction functions, which further enhance pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and alteration in the RANKL/osteoprotegerin ratio, promoting formation and activation of osteoclasts. The evidence supports the role of several pathogenic mechanisms in the path of true causal comorbidity between poorly controlled diabetes and periodontitis. However, further research is needed to better understand these mechanisms and to explore other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Polak
- Department of Periodontology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Terukazu Sanui
- Section of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fusanori Nishimura
- Section of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Lior Shapira
- Department of Periodontology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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Wang Q, Zhou X, Zhang P, Zhao P, Nie L, Ji N, Ding Y, Wang Q. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 positively regulates periodontal inflammaging via SOCS3/STAT signaling in diabetic mice. Steroids 2020; 156:108570. [PMID: 31917967 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a known age-related disease. Inflammaging has recently been shown to result in diabetic complications. Vitamin D3 is related to aging in the latest study but little is known about the underlying mechanism. Here, we investigated the effects of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) on inflammaging in diabetic periodontitis, a common chronic inflammatory diabetic complication. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A model of Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected db/db mice as experimental type 2 diabetic periodontitis was adopted in the whole study. A range of techniques, including microCT, western blotting, ELISA, histological and immunohistochemical analysis, were carried out in this study. The distinctive senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in serum was measured by Luminex technology. RESULTS We found an archetypal inflammaging status occurred in db/db mice. An increased SASP, senescent enhancement, and periodontal destruction were observed in periodontitis-db/db mice. Upon administration with 25(OH)D3, periodontitis-db/db mice presented increased levels of serum 25(OH)D3, 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and calcium. Moreover, decreased p16/p21-positive cells, relieved periodontal conditions and ameliorated serum SASP secretion were found in the periodontitis-db/db mice after treatment. Gingival tissue exhibited increased level of VDR and decreased expression of SOCS3, p-STAT3/STAT3, p-STAT5/STAT5, NF-κB and IL-1β, which were consistent with the change of p16/p21 expression. CONCLUSION Diabetic periodontitis appeared to develop an inflammaging status resulted in periodontal infection. 25(OH)D3 could inhibit SASP secretion through reducing SOCS3 expression in experimental diabetic periodontitis, dependently inactivating NF-κB pro-inflammatory signaling. The reversible effect further documented that the inflammaging might be a highly likely contributor in diabetic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China; Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China; Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China; Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China; Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Lulingxiao Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China; Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Yi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China; Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China; Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China.
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7
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Bhattarai G, Min CK, Jeon YM, Bashyal R, Poudel SB, Kook SH, Lee JC. Oral supplementation with p-coumaric acid protects mice against diabetes-associated spontaneous destruction of periodontal tissue. J Periodontal Res 2019; 54:690-701. [PMID: 31328274 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary bioactive materials having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials are able to inhibit diabetes-associated periodontal complications. Although numerous studies indicate that administration of p-coumaric acid (p-CA) ameliorates diabetes and diabetes-related complications, the roles of p-CA on periodontal tissue destruction in diabetic mice and the possible mechanisms therein are not completely understood. In this study, we evaluated whether supplementation with p-CA protects mice against diabetes-associated spontaneous periodontal destruction and also explored the associated mechanism therein using in vivo and in vitro experimental systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were divided into sham, streptozotocin (STZ), and STZ+CA groups (n = 5/group). Sham group was intraperitoneally injected with sodium buffer, whereas other two groups were injected with the buffer containing 160 mg/kg of STZ. STZ-induced diabetic mice received oral gavage with p-CA (50 mg/kg) (STZ+CA group) or with buffer only (STZ group) daily for 6 weeks. The effect of p-CA on diabetes-associated spontaneous periodontal destruction was evaluated using μCT analysis, hematoxylin and eosin staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, and immunohistochemical staining methods. The efficacies of p-CA on cell proliferation, osteoblast differentiation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and antioxidant-related marker expression were examined using human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPLFs) cultured under high glucose condition. RESULTS Streptozotocin group exhibited periodontal tissue destruction along with increased inflammation, oxidative stress, and osteoclast formation, as well as with decreased osteogenesis. However, oral administration with p-CA protected mice against STZ-induced periodontal destruction by inhibiting inflammation and osteoclastic activation. STZ+CA group also showed higher expression of antioxidant and osteogenic markers in periodontal tissue than did STZ group. Treatment with high glucose concentration (30 mmol/L) impaired proliferation and osteoblast differentiation of hPLFs along with cellular ROS accumulation, whereas these impairments were almost completely disappeared by supplementation with p-CA. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that supplementation with p-CA inhibits diabetes-associated spontaneous destruction of periodontal tissue by enhancing anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoclastogenic, and antioxidant defense systems in STZ-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Bhattarai
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Chang-Ki Min
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Young-Mi Jeon
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Rajendra Bashyal
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sher B Poudel
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kook
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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8
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Balci Yuce H, Karatas Ö, Tulu F, Altan A, Gevrek F. Effect of diabetes on collagen metabolism and hypoxia in human gingival tissue: a stereological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical study. Biotech Histochem 2018; 94:65-73. [PMID: 30317872 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1508745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases that disrupt soft tissue metabolism. The diseases separately or together increase apoptosis in gingival fibroblast cells and reduce cell renewal. We investigated the effects of diabetes and periodontitis on the composition and structure of gingival connective tissue. We used gingival biopsies from 16 healthy individuals (control group, C), 16 type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis (diabetes + periodontitis group, D + P) and 16 healthy chronic periodontitis patients (periodontitis group, P). Biopsies were obtained under local anesthesia. Clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI) were measured prior to gingival biopsies. Fibroblast cells were counted stereologically. Inflammatory cells were counted histomorphometrically. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, lysyl hydroxylase (PLOD-2), neutrophil collagenase (MMP-8), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were evaluated immunohistochemically. CAL, GI and PI for the C group were lower than for the other groups (p < 0.05). Fibroblast cell counts were lower for the D + P group than for the other groups (p < 0.05). Diabetes increased inflammatory cell numbers in the D and D + P groups compared to the C and P groups. MMP-8 levels were higher for the D + P group than for the other groups. VEGF was elevated in both the P and D + P groups compared to the C group, while HIF-1α and PLOD-2 levels were comparable. Diabetes increased tissue destruction and inflammation, and decreased fibroblast cell numbers without affecting collagen crosslinking and HIF-1α levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Balci Yuce
- a Departments of Periodontology , Gaziosmanpaşa University , Tokat , Turkey
| | - Ö Karatas
- a Departments of Periodontology , Gaziosmanpaşa University , Tokat , Turkey
| | - F Tulu
- a Departments of Periodontology , Gaziosmanpaşa University , Tokat , Turkey
| | - A Altan
- b Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Gaziosmanpaşa University , Tokat , Turkey
| | - F Gevrek
- c Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Gaziosmanpaşa University , Tokat , Turkey
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9
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Naiff P, Carneiro V, Guimarães MDC. Importance of Mechanical Periodontal Therapy in Patients with Diabetes Type 2 and Periodontitis. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:6924631. [PMID: 30356347 PMCID: PMC6176290 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6924631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infectious and inflammatory disease of high prevalence worldwide and constitutes a significant oral health problem. It can lead to tooth loss. In addition, the local inflammatory process can cause the release of inflammatory mediators in the bloodstream and, consequently, contribute to the emergence of systemic effects as cardiovascular and diabetic complications. The purpose of this mini review is to alert health professionals about the risk that periodontitis represents for the onset or exacerbation of complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to emphasize that the mechanical treatment of periodontal disease and reestablishment of oral health are essential for the metabolic control of these patients. The periodontal therapy may help to reduce the risk of systemic complications in diabetes patients. Proper dental management should be suggested by health professionals, mainly from physicians to their patients, in order to improve the health conditions in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Naiff
- Ph.D. Student, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Valéria Carneiro
- Ph.D. Professor at Periodontics Division, University of Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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10
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Elburki MS, Rossa C, Guimarães-Stabili MR, Lee HM, Curylofo-Zotti FA, Johnson F, Golub LM. A Chemically Modified Curcumin (CMC 2.24) Inhibits Nuclear Factor κB Activation and Inflammatory Bone Loss in Murine Models of LPS-Induced Experimental Periodontitis and Diabetes-Associated Natural Periodontitis. Inflammation 2018; 40:1436-1449. [PMID: 28534138 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a novel chemically modified curcumin (CMC 2.24) on NF-κB and MAPK signaling and inflammatory cytokine production in two experimental models of periodontal disease in rats. Experimental model I: Periodontitis was induced by repeated injections of LPS into the gingiva (3×/week, 3 weeks); control rats received vehicle injections. CMC 2.24, or the vehicle, was administered by daily oral gavage for 4 weeks. Experimental model II: Diabetes was induced in adult male rats by streptozotocin injection; periodontal breakdown then results as a complication of uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Non-diabetic rats served as controls. CMC 2.24, or the vehicle, was administered by oral gavage daily for 3 weeks to the diabetics. Hemimaxillae and gingival tissues were harvested, and bone loss was assessed radiographically. Gingival tissues were pooled according to the experimental conditions and processed for the analysis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and bone-resorptive cytokines. Activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways was assessed by western blot. Both LPS and diabetes induced an inflammatory process in the gingival tissues associated with excessive alveolar bone resorption and increased activation of p65 (NF-κB) and p38 MAPK. In both models, the administration of CMC 2.24 produced a marked reduction of inflammatory cytokines and MMPs in the gingival tissues, decreased bone loss, and decreased activation of p65 (NF-κB) and p38 MAPK. Inhibition of these cell signaling pathways by this novel tri-ketonic curcuminoid (natural curcumin is di-ketonic) may play a role in its therapeutic efficacy in locally and systemically associated periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna S Elburki
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Jamal Abdel Nasser Street, Benghazi, Libya.
| | - Carlos Rossa
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Hsi-Ming Lee
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Fabiana A Curylofo-Zotti
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Francis Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacological Sciences, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Lorne M Golub
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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11
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Nakahara Y, Ozaki K, Matsuura T. Long-term Hyperglycemia Naturally Induces Dental Caries but Not Periodontal Disease in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Rodents. Diabetes 2017; 66:2868-2874. [PMID: 29061661 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) in patients with diabetes is described as the sixth complication of diabetes. We have previously shown that diabetes increases dental caries, and carious inflammation might have a strong effect on the adjacent periodontal tissue in diabetic rodent models. However, the possibility that hyperglycemia may induce PD in diabetic animals could not be completely eliminated. The goal of this study was to confirm the presence of PD in diabetic animal models by preventing carious inflammation with fluoride administration. F344 rats injected with alloxan (type 1 diabetic model) and db/db mice (type 2 diabetic model) were given either tap water alone or tap water containing fluoride. A cariostatic effect of fluoride was evident in the diabetic animals. Meanwhile, fluoride treatment drastically attenuated periodontal inflammation in addition to preventing dental caries. Furthermore, with fluoride treatment, periodontitis was notably nonexistent in the periodontal tissue surrounding the normal molars, whereas the caries-forming process was clearly observed in the teeth that were enveloped with persistent periodontitis, suggesting that enhanced periodontal inflammation might have been derived from the dental caries in the diabetic rodents rather than from the PD. In conclusion, long-term hyperglycemia naturally induces dental caries but not PD in type 1 and type 2 diabetic rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Nakahara
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Ozaki
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matsuura
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
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Grauballe MB, Belstrøm D, Østergaard JA, Paster BJ, Schou S, Flyvbjerg A, Holmstrup P. Ligature-associated bacterial profiles are linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus in a rat model and influenced by antibody treatment against TNF-α or RAGE. Clin Exp Dent Res 2017; 3:25-31. [PMID: 28344834 PMCID: PMC5347912 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). T2D may lead to ecological perturbations in the oral environment, which may facilitate an altered microbiota. However, previous studies have been inconclusive in determining the effect of T2D on oral bacterial profiles. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the influence of T2D on the ligature-associated bacterial profile in a diabetic rat model with PD and investigated the impact of blocking inflammatory pathways with antibodies targeting either Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α) or the receptor of advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). A total of 62 Zucker obese rats (45 T2D) and 17 lean (non-T2D) were divided into 4 treatment groups; lean with PD, obese with PD, obese with PD and anti-TNF-α treatment, and obese with PD with anti-RAGE treatment. Periodontal disease was ligature induced. Ligature-associated bacterial profiles were analyzed using Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM). Ligature-associated bacterial profiles differed between lean and obese rats. Furthermore, treatment with antibodies against TNF-α or RAGE had an impact on subgingival bacterial profiles. T2D phenotypes are associated with different ligature-associated bacterial profiles and influenced by treatment with antibodies against TNF-α or RAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Grauballe
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - D Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen N Denmark
| | - J A Østergaard
- The Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University and Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus C Denmark; Danish Diabetes Academy Odense Denmark
| | - B J Paster
- The Forsyth Institute Department of Microbiology Cambridge, MA USA; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection & Immunity Harvard School of Dental Medicine Boston, MA USA
| | - S Schou
- Section for Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen N Denmark
| | - A Flyvbjerg
- The Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University and Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus C Denmark; Danish Diabetes Academy Odense Denmark; Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Aarhus University Hospital Denmark
| | - P Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark; Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen N Denmark
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13
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Chiu HC, Fu MMJ, Yang TS, Fu E, Chiang CY, Tu HP, Chin YT, Lin FG, Shih KC. Effect of high glucose,Porphyromonas gingivalislipopolysaccharide and advanced glycation end-products on production of interleukin-6/-8 by gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:268-276. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H-C. Chiu
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Dental Sciences; National Defense Medical Center; Taipei Taiwan
| | - M. M-J. Fu
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - T-S. Yang
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Dental Sciences; National Defense Medical Center; Taipei Taiwan
| | - E. Fu
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Dental Sciences; National Defense Medical Center; Taipei Taiwan
| | - C-Y. Chiang
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Dental Sciences; National Defense Medical Center; Taipei Taiwan
| | - H-P. Tu
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Y-T. Chin
- Institutes for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - F-G. Lin
- School of Public Health; National Defense Medical Center; Taipei Taiwan
| | - K-C. Shih
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism; Tri-Service General Hospital; National Defense Medical Center; Taipei Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism; Taipei-Veteran General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
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Taylor JJ, Preshaw PM, Lalla E. A review of the evidence for pathogenic mechanisms that may link periodontitis and diabetes. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 40 Suppl 14:S113-34. [PMID: 23627323 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To review the evidence for the molecular and cellular processes that may potentially link periodontal disease and diabetes. The pathogenic roles of cytokines and metabolic molecules (e.g. glucose, lipids) are explored and the role of periodontal bacteria is also addressed. Paradigms for bidirectional relationships between periodontitis and diabetes are discussed and opportunities for elaborating these models are considered. METHODS Database searches were performed using MeSH terms, keywords, and title words. Studies were evaluated and summarized in a narrative review. RESULTS Periodontal microbiota appears unaltered by diabetes and there is little evidence that it may influence glycaemic control. Small-scale clinical studies and experiments in animal models suggest that IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, OPG and RANKL may mediate periodontitis in diabetes. The AGE-RAGE axis is likely an important pathway of tissue destruction and impaired repair in diabetes-associated periodontitis. A role for locally activated pro-inflammatory factors in the periodontium, which subsequently impact on diabetes, remains speculative. CONCLUSION There is substantial information on potential mechanistic pathways which support a close association between diabetes and periodontitis, but there is a real need for longitudinal clinical studies using larger patient groups, integrated with studies of animal models and cells/tissues in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Taylor
- Centre for Oral Health Research and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Elburki MS, Moore DD, Terezakis NG, Zhang Y, Lee HM, Johnson F, Golub LM. A novel chemically modified curcumin reduces inflammation-mediated connective tissue breakdown in a rat model of diabetes: periodontal and systemic effects. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:186-200. [PMID: 27038334 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontal disease is the most common chronic inflammatory disease known to mankind (and the major cause of tooth loss in the adult population) and has also been linked to various systemic diseases, particularly diabetes mellitus. Based on the literature linking periodontal disease with diabetes in a "bidirectional manner", the objectives of the current study were to determine: (i) the effect of a model of periodontitis, complicated by diabetes, on mechanisms of tissue breakdown including bone loss; and (ii) the response of the combination of this local and systemic phenotype to a novel pleiotropic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, chemically modified curcumin (CMC) 2.24. MATERIAL AND METHODS Diabetes was induced in adult male rats by intravenous injection of streptozotocin (nondiabetic rats served as controls), and Escherichia coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) was repeatedly injected into the gingiva to induce periodontitis. CMC 2.24 was administered by oral gavage (30 mg/kg) daily; untreated diabetic rats received vehicle alone. After 3 wk of treatment, the rats were killed, and gingiva, jaws, tibia and skin were collected. The maxillary jaws and tibia were dissected and radiographed. The gingival tissues of each experimental group (n = 6 rats/group) were pooled, extracted, partially purified and, together with individual skin samples, analyzed for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 by gelatin zymography; MMP-8 was analyzed in gingival and skin tissue extracts, and in serum, by western blotting. The levels of three bone-resorptive cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α], were measured in gingival tissue extracts and serum by ELISA. RESULTS Systemic administration of CMC 2.24 to diabetic rats with endotoxin-induced periodontitis significantly inhibited alveolar bone loss and attenuated the severity of local and systemic inflammation. Moreover, this novel tri-ketonic phenylaminocarbonyl curcumin (CMC 2.24) appeared to reduce the pathologically excessive levels of inducible MMPs to near-normal levels, but appeared to have no significant effect on the constitutive MMPs required for physiologic connective tissue turnover. In addition to the beneficial effects on periodontal disease, induced both locally and systemically, CMC 2.24 also favorably affected extra-oral connective tissues, skin and skeletal bone. CONCLUSION This study supports our hypothesis that CMC 2.24 is a potential therapeutic pleiotropic MMP inhibitor, with both intracellular and extracellular effects, which reduces local and systemic inflammation and prevents hyperglycemia- and bacteria-induced connective tissue destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Elburki
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya
| | - D D Moore
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - N G Terezakis
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - H-M Lee
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - F Johnson
- Departments of Chemistry and Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - L M Golub
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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16
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Daft JG, Lorenz RG. Role of the gastrointestinal ecosystem in the development of type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2015; 16:407-18. [PMID: 25952017 PMCID: PMC4534320 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A new emphasis has been put on the role of the gastrointestinal (GI) ecosystem in autoimmune diseases; however, there is limited knowledge about its role in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Distinct differences have been observed in intestinal permeability, epithelial barrier function, commensal microbiota, and mucosal innate and adaptive immunity of patients and animals with T1D, when compared with healthy controls. The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse and the BioBreeding diabetes prone (BBdp) rat are the most commonly used models to study T1D pathogenesis. With the increasing awareness of the importance of the GI ecosystem in systemic disease, it is critical to understand the basics, as well as the similarities and differences between rat and mouse models and human patients. This review examines the current knowledge of the role of the GI ecosystem in T1D and indicates the extensive opportunities for further investigation that could lead to biomarkers and therapeutic interventions for disease prevention and/or modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin G. Lorenz
- Corresponding Author: Dr. Robin G. Lorenz, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., SHEL 602, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182. Phone: 205-934-0676. Fax. 205-996-9113.
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17
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Gennaro G, Claudino M, Cestari TM, Ceolin D, Germino P, Garlet GP, de Assis GF. Green Tea Modulates Cytokine Expression in the Periodontium and Attenuates Alveolar Bone Resorption in Type 1 Diabetic Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134784. [PMID: 26270535 PMCID: PMC4535908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Diabetes mellitus comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders with the main feature of hyperglycemia. Chronic hyperglycemia increases the severity of periodontal disease via an exacerbated inflammatory response, activated by advanced glycation end products and their receptor, RAGE. Therefore, anti-inflammatory agents represent potential inhibitors of this pathological interaction. In particular, green tea has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties mediated by its polyphenol content. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the mechanisms by which green tea attenuates the spontaneous onset of diabetes-induced periodontitis. METHODS Diabetes was induced in rats via a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic and control animals were divided into water-treated and green tea-treated subgroups and were analyzed at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after diabetes induction. Immunohistochemistry was performed to quantitatively evaluate tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2) expression in serial sections of each hemimaxilla. Morphometric measurements of the distance from the cementum-enamel junction (CEJ) of the superior distal root of the first molar to the alveolar bone crest (ABC) were performed to assess bone loss. RESULTS Diabetes resulted in significant bone loss and alterations in the number of cells that stained positive for inflammatory mediators. In the diabetic rats treated with green tea, we observed a decreased number of cells expressing RANKL and TNF-α compared with that observed in the diabetic rats treated with water. Additionally, green tea increased the numbers of cells that stained positive for OPG, RUNX-2 and IL-10 in the diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Green tea intake reduces expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and the osteoclastogenic mediator RANKL to normal levels while increasing expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, the osteogenesis-related factor RUNX-2 and the anti-osteoclastogenic factor OPG. Therefore, green tea represents a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes-related periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gennaro
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcela Claudino
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Mary Cestari
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele Ceolin
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Germino
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerson Francisco de Assis
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Garlet GP, Santos CF. Cell culture conditions: from outer space-like conditions to the mimicking of complex in vivo environments. J Appl Oral Sci 2014; 22:144-5. [PMID: 25025552 PMCID: PMC4072262 DOI: 10.1590/1678-77572014ed003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Nakahara Y, Ozaki K, Sano T, Kodama Y, Matsuura T. Assessment of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats as a Periodontal Disease Model Using a Selective Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 Inhibitor. J Toxicol Pathol 2014; 27:123-9. [PMID: 25352713 PMCID: PMC4110936 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2013-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several recent studies have reported that alloxan-treated rats with long-term
hyperglycemia can develop naturally occurring periodontal disease (PD). Our previous
studies detected dental caries in the same model. Therefore, these two lesions of
different etiologies are expected to occur concurrently. In this study, we evaluated the
use of diabetic rats as a PD model by employing a selective COX-2 inhibitor reported to be
effective against PD. Six-week-old female F344 rats were divided into 3 groups: intact
rats (control), alloxan-induced diabetic rats fed a standard diet (AL) and alloxan-induced
diabetic rats fed a diet containing 0.01% etodolac (AL+Et). The animals were euthanized at
26 weeks of age, and their oral tissues were examined histopathologically. Gingivitis,
marginal periodontitis and alveolar bone resorption were markedly enhanced along with
dental caries in the AL group compared with the control group. However, the COX-2
inhibitor had no effect on periodontal inflammation in the AL+Et group. In addition, in
the AL group, periodontitis was notably nonexistent around the normal molars, and
gingivitis was scarcely worse than that in the control group. In the diabetic rats, the
progression of periodontal inflammation was closely correlated with the severity of
adjacent dental caries, and marginal periodontitis was frequently continuous with apical
periodontitis. In conclusion, an alloxan-induced diabetic rat is not a model of PD but of
dental caries. It is probable that in this model, hyperglycemia may enable crown caries to
progress to apical periodontitis, while the associated inflammation may rostrally expand
to surrounding periodontal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Nakahara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Ozaki
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Tomoya Sano
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kodama
- Laboratory of Clinicopathological Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matsuura
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
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4-methoxycarbonyl curcumin: a unique inhibitor of both inflammatory mediators and periodontal inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:329740. [PMID: 24453415 PMCID: PMC3886587 DOI: 10.1155/2013/329740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis have been associated with increased risk for various medical conditions including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), derived from gram-negative periodonto-pathogens, can induce the local accumulation of mononuclear cells in the inflammatory lesion, increasing proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This ultimately results in the destruction of periodontal connective tissues including alveolar bone. Curcumin is the principal dyestuff in the popular Indian spice turmeric and has significant regulatory effects on inflammatory mediators but is characterized by poor solubility and low bioactivity. Recently, we developed a series of chemically modified curcumins (CMCs) with increased solubility and zinc-binding activity, while retaining, or further enhancing, their therapeutic effects. In the current study, we demonstrate that a novel CMC (CMC 2.5: 4-methoxycarbonyl curcumin) has significant inhibitory effects, better than the parent compound curcumin, on proinflammatory cytokines and MMPs in in vitro, in cell culture, and in an animal model of periodontal inflammation. The therapeutic potential of CMC 2.5 and its congeners may help to prevent tissue damage during various chronic inflammatory diseases including periodontitis and may reduce the risks of systemic diseases associated with this local disorder.
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Abstract
Periodontitis is a common, chronic, inflammatory disease in which the supporting apparatus of the teeth is gradually destroyed, resulting in tooth mobility and tooth loss. Susceptibility to periodontitis is increased approximately three-fold in people with diabetes. Hyperglycemia leads to exacerbated tissue destruction and the clinical signs of periodontitis. There is evidence to support a two-way relationship between periodontitis and diabetes; not only does diabetes increase the risk for periodontitis, but periodontitis is associated with compromised glycemic control. Cooperation between health care teams would benefit the treatment of patients with diabetes and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Preshaw
- School of Dental Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4BW, UK.
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22
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Taylor JJ, Preshaw PM, Lalla E. A review of the evidence for pathogenic mechanisms that may link periodontitis and diabetes. J Periodontol 2013; 84:S113-34. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.134005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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