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Zhang Z, Chen M, Peng X. Integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing identifies a signature based on drug response genes to predict prognosis and therapeutic response in ovarian cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33367. [PMID: 39040239 PMCID: PMC11260940 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer represents a severe gynecological malignancy with a dire prognosis, underscoring the imperative need for dependable biomarkers that can accurately predict drug response and guide therapeutic choices. In this study, we harnessed online single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and bulk RNA sequencing (RNAseq) datasets, applying the Scissor algorithm to identify cells responsive to paclitaxel. From these cells, we derived a gene signature, subsequently used to construct a prognostic model that demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in predicting patient outcomes. Moreover, we conducted pathway and functional enrichment analyses to uncover potential molecular mechanisms driving the prognostic gene signature. This study illustrates the critical role of scRNAseq and bulk RNAseq in developing precise prognostic models for ovarian cancer, potentially transforming clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhenWei Zhang
- Jinjiang Municipal Hospital(Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Fujian Campus), No. 16, Luoshan Section, Jinguang Road, Luoshan Street, Jinjiang City, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - MianMian Chen
- Jinjiang Municipal Hospital(Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Fujian Campus), No. 16, Luoshan Section, Jinguang Road, Luoshan Street, Jinjiang City, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - XiaoLian Peng
- Jinjiang Municipal Hospital(Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Fujian Campus), No. 16, Luoshan Section, Jinguang Road, Luoshan Street, Jinjiang City, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
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AlBashtawi J, Al-Jaber H, Ahmed S, Al-Mansoori L. Impact of Obesity-Related Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress on Cancer and Associated Molecular Targets. Biomedicines 2024; 12:793. [PMID: 38672148 PMCID: PMC11047871 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, characterized by excessive body fat, is closely linked to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Inflammatory pathways like c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) worsen insulin resistance, impacting insulin signaling. Moreover, ER stress plays a substantial role in cancer, influencing tumor cell survival and growth by releasing factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The unfolded protein response (UPR) is pivotal in this process, offering both pro-survival and apoptotic pathways. This review offers an extensive exploration of the sophisticated connection between ER stress provoked by obesity and its role in both the onset and advancement of cancer. It delves into the intricate interplay between oncogenic signaling and the pathways associated with ER stress in individuals who are obese. Furthermore, this review sheds light on potential therapeutic strategies aimed at managing ER stress induced by obesity, with a focus on addressing cancer initiation and progression. The potential to alleviate ER stress through therapeutic interventions, which may encompass the use of small molecules, FDA-approved medications, and gene therapy, holds great promise. A more in-depth examination of pathways such as UPR, ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD), autophagy, and epigenetic regulation has the potential to uncover innovative therapeutic approaches and the identification of predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joud AlBashtawi
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Hend Al-Jaber
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (H.A.-J.); (S.A.)
| | - Sara Ahmed
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (H.A.-J.); (S.A.)
| | - Layla Al-Mansoori
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (H.A.-J.); (S.A.)
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3
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Collier AB, Viswanadhapalli S, Gopalam R, Lee TK, Kassees K, Parra K, Sharma G, Reese TC, Liu X, Yang X, Ebrahimi B, Pratap UP, Mahajan M, Arnold WC, Baker A, Chen CY, Elmore ST, Subbarayalu P, Sareddy GR, Valente PT, Kost ER, Ahn JM, Vadlamudi RK. Novel LIPA-Targeted Therapy for Treating Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:500. [PMID: 38339252 PMCID: PMC10854701 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OCa) is the most lethal form of gynecologic cancer, and the tumor heterogeneities at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels fuel tumor resistance to standard therapies and pose a substantial clinical challenge. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the heightened basal endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) observed in OCa represents an exploitable vulnerability and may overcome tumor heterogeneity. Our recent studies identified LIPA as a novel target to induce ERS in cancer cells using the small molecule ERX-41. However, the role of LIPA and theutility of ERX-41 to treat OCa remain unknown. Expression analysis using the TNMplot web tool, TCGA data sets, and immunohistochemistry analysis using a tumor tissue array showed that LIPA is highly expressed in OCa tissues, compared to normal tissues. ERX-41 treatment significantly reduced the cell viability and colony formation ability and promoted the apoptosis of OCa cells. Mechanistic studies revealed a robust and consistent induction of ERS markers, including CHOP, elF2α, PERK, and ATF4, upon ERX-41 treatment. In xenograft and PDX studies, ERX-41 treatment resulted in a significant reduction in tumor growth. Collectively, our results suggest that ERX-41 is a novel therapeutic agent that targets the LIPA with a unique mechanism of ERS induction, which could be exploited to treat heterogeneity in OCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia B. Collier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.B.C.); (S.V.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (B.E.); (U.P.P.); (M.M.); (W.C.A.); (A.B.); (G.R.S.); (P.T.V.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.B.C.); (S.V.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (B.E.); (U.P.P.); (M.M.); (W.C.A.); (A.B.); (G.R.S.); (P.T.V.); (E.R.K.)
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Rahul Gopalam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.B.C.); (S.V.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (B.E.); (U.P.P.); (M.M.); (W.C.A.); (A.B.); (G.R.S.); (P.T.V.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Tae-Kyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; (T.-K.L.); (K.K.); (C.-Y.C.); (S.T.E.); (J.-M.A.)
| | - Kara Kassees
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; (T.-K.L.); (K.K.); (C.-Y.C.); (S.T.E.); (J.-M.A.)
| | - Karla Parra
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (K.P.); (G.S.); (T.C.R.); (X.L.)
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (K.P.); (G.S.); (T.C.R.); (X.L.)
| | - Tanner C. Reese
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (K.P.); (G.S.); (T.C.R.); (X.L.)
| | - Xihui Liu
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (K.P.); (G.S.); (T.C.R.); (X.L.)
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.B.C.); (S.V.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (B.E.); (U.P.P.); (M.M.); (W.C.A.); (A.B.); (G.R.S.); (P.T.V.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Behnam Ebrahimi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.B.C.); (S.V.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (B.E.); (U.P.P.); (M.M.); (W.C.A.); (A.B.); (G.R.S.); (P.T.V.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Uday P. Pratap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.B.C.); (S.V.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (B.E.); (U.P.P.); (M.M.); (W.C.A.); (A.B.); (G.R.S.); (P.T.V.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Megharani Mahajan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.B.C.); (S.V.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (B.E.); (U.P.P.); (M.M.); (W.C.A.); (A.B.); (G.R.S.); (P.T.V.); (E.R.K.)
| | - William C. Arnold
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.B.C.); (S.V.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (B.E.); (U.P.P.); (M.M.); (W.C.A.); (A.B.); (G.R.S.); (P.T.V.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Adriana Baker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.B.C.); (S.V.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (B.E.); (U.P.P.); (M.M.); (W.C.A.); (A.B.); (G.R.S.); (P.T.V.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Chia-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; (T.-K.L.); (K.K.); (C.-Y.C.); (S.T.E.); (J.-M.A.)
| | - Scott Terry Elmore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; (T.-K.L.); (K.K.); (C.-Y.C.); (S.T.E.); (J.-M.A.)
| | - Panneerdoss Subbarayalu
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Gangadhara R. Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.B.C.); (S.V.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (B.E.); (U.P.P.); (M.M.); (W.C.A.); (A.B.); (G.R.S.); (P.T.V.); (E.R.K.)
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Philip T. Valente
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.B.C.); (S.V.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (B.E.); (U.P.P.); (M.M.); (W.C.A.); (A.B.); (G.R.S.); (P.T.V.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Edward R. Kost
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.B.C.); (S.V.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (B.E.); (U.P.P.); (M.M.); (W.C.A.); (A.B.); (G.R.S.); (P.T.V.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Jung-Mo Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; (T.-K.L.); (K.K.); (C.-Y.C.); (S.T.E.); (J.-M.A.)
| | - Ratna K. Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.B.C.); (S.V.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (B.E.); (U.P.P.); (M.M.); (W.C.A.); (A.B.); (G.R.S.); (P.T.V.); (E.R.K.)
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Abu-Mahfouz A, Ali M, Elfiky A. Anti-breast cancer drugs targeting cell-surface glucose-regulated protein 78: a drug repositioning in silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7794-7808. [PMID: 36129131 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2125076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is prevalent worldwide and is a leading cause of death among women. However, cell-surface glucose-regulated protein 78 (cs-GRP78) is overexpressed in several types of cancer and during pathogen infections. This study examines two well-known BC drugs approved by the FDA as BC treatments to GRP78. The first type consists of inhibitors of cyclin-based kinases 4/6, including abemaciclib, palbociclib, ribociclib, and dinaciclib. In addition, tunicamycin, and doxorubicin, which are among the most effective anticancer drugs for early and late-stage BC, are tested against GRP78. As (-)-epiGallocatechin gallate inhibits GRP78, it is also being evaluated (used as positive control). Thus, using molecular dynamics simulation approaches, this study aims to examine the advantages of targeting GRP78, which represents a promising cancer therapy regime. In light of recent advances in computational drug response prediction models, this study aimed to examine the benefits of GRP78 targeting, which represents a promising cancer therapy regime, by utilizing combined molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation approaches. The simulated protein (50 ns) was docked with the drugs, then a second round of dynamics simulation was performed for 100 ns. After that, the binding free energies were calculated from 30 to 100 ns for each complex during the simulation period. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of abemaciclib, ribociclib, and tunicamycin in binding to the nucleotide-binding domain of the GRP78, paving the way for elucidating the mode of interactions between these drugs and cancer (and other stressed) cells that overexpress GRP78.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Abu-Mahfouz
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha Ali
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdo Elfiky
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Acosta JC, Bahr JM, Basu S, O’Donnell JT, Barua A. Expression of CISH, an Inhibitor of NK Cell Function, Increases in Association with Ovarian Cancer Development and Progression. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020299. [PMID: 36830840 PMCID: PMC9952877 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (OVCA), a fatal malignancy of women, disseminates locally. Although NK cells mount immune responses against OVCA, tumors inhibit NK cells, and the mechanism is not well understood. Cytokines stimulate NK cells; however, chronic stimulation exhausts them and induces expression of cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CISH). Tumors produce anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 which may induce NK cell exhaustion. The goal of this study was to examine if CISH expression in NK cells increases during OVCA development and to determine the mechanism(s) of OVCA-induced CISH expression in NK cells. Normal ovaries (n = 7) were used for CISH, IL-10 and GRP78 expression. In tumor ovaries, CISH was examined in early and late stages (n = 14 each, all subtypes) while IL-10 and GRP78 expression were examined in early and late stage HGSC (n = 5 each). Compared to normal, the population of CISH-expressing NK cells increased and the intensity of IL-10 and GRP78 expression was significantly higher in OVCA (p < 0.05). CISH expression was positively correlated with IL-10 expression (r = 0.52, r = 0.65, p < 0.05 at early and late stages, respectively) while IL-10 expression was positively correlated with GRP78 expression (r = 0.43, r = 0.52, p < 0.05, respectively). These results suggest that OVCA development and progression are associated with increased CISH expression by NK cells which is correlated with tumor-induced persistent cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin C. Acosta
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Janice M. Bahr
- Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sanjib Basu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - James T. O’Donnell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Animesh Barua
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(312)-942-6666
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Dubey H, Ranjan A, Durai J, Khan MA, Lakshmy R, Khurana S, Gupta S, Meena J, Ray MD, Tanwar P, Chopra A, Tiwari S. Evaluation of HE4 as a prognostic biomarker in uterine cervical cancer . Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 34:100672. [PMID: 36525756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uterine cervical cancer (UCC) is the fourth most common health problem worldwide among women. Currently available biomarkers CA125, CA199, and CEA for diagnosis or prognostic evaluation of UCC have not got widespread acceptance. METHOD Whole blood samples of 64 patients with UCC were collected along with 63 healthy females and tested for serum levels of HE4 (sHE4). A cut-off value for positive result 64.0 pmol/L was set. Statistical analysis of different clinical variables was done. RESULT Serum level of HE4 has a significant role in the diagnosis of uterine cervical cancer. Its level increases with age, higher parity (P < 0.05), stage (P < 0.16), tumor size, and parametrial invasion. Negative result was seen with vaginal invasion, lymph node involvement & cases which had recurrence. Various histological types showed variable results. So the serum level of HE4 (sHE) level may play a role in the diagnosis & therapeutic monitoring of UCC. But the prognostic evaluation needs further studies. CONCLUSION sHE4 is useful in the diagnosis of cervical cancer, but its prognostic significance is under the question marks. It may be associated with higher values in higher stages. Higher parity of the patient is associated with higher level of HE4 in UCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Dubey
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amar Ranjan
- Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institue of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | | | - M A Khan
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - R Lakshmy
- C.N. Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sachin Khurana
- Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institue of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Gupta
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Meena
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M D Ray
- Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institue of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institue of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Chopra
- Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institue of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanat Tiwari
- Bionics Scientific Technologies Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, India
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Application of plasma membrane proteomics to identify cancer biomarkers. Proteomics 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-95072-5.00008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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Hussain Y, Khan H, Efferth T, Alam W. Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress by hesperetin: Focus on antitumor and cytoprotective effects. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:153985. [PMID: 35358935 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is still an all-times issue due to a large and even increasing number of deaths. Impaired genes regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis are targets for the development of novel cancer treatments. HYPOTHESIS Increased transcription of NADPH oxidase activator (NOXA), Bcl2-like11 (BIM), BH3-only proteins and p53 unregulated apoptosis modulator (PUMA) is caused by the imbalance between pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins due to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The membranous network of ER is present in all eukaryotic cells. ER stress facilitates the interaction between Bax and PUMA, triggering the release of cytochrome C. As a main intracellular organelle, ER is responsible for translocation as well as post-translation modification and protein folding. RESULTS Hesperetin is a cytoprotective flavonone, which acts against ER stress and protects from cell damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Hesperetin inhibits lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+ and l-ascorbic acid in rat brain homogenates. CONCLUSION This review deals with the anticancer effects of hesperetin regarding the regulation of ER stress as a principal mechanism in the pathogenesis of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Hussain
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123, China
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
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9
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Molecular Chaperones and Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084196. [PMID: 33919591 PMCID: PMC8073690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancers are the most common of the endocrine system malignancies and progress must be made in the areas of differential diagnosis and treatment to improve patient management. Advances in the understanding of carcinogenic mechanisms have occurred in various fronts, including studies of the chaperone system (CS). Components of the CS are found to be quantitatively increased or decreased, and some correlations have been established between the quantitative changes and tumor type, prognosis, and response to treatment. These correlations provide the basis for identifying distinctive patterns useful in differential diagnosis and for planning experiments aiming at elucidating the role of the CS in tumorigenesis. Here, we discuss studies of the CS components in various thyroid cancers (TC). The chaperones belonging to the families of the small heat-shock proteins Hsp70 and Hsp90 and the chaperonin of Group I, Hsp60, have been quantified mostly by immunohistochemistry and Western blot in tumor and normal control tissues and in extracellular vesicles. Distinctive differences were revealed between the various thyroid tumor types. The most frequent finding was an increase in the chaperones, which can be attributed to the augmented need for chaperones the tumor cells have because of their accelerated metabolism, growth, and division rate. Thus, chaperones help the tumor cell rather than protect the patient, exemplifying chaperonopathies by mistake or collaborationism. This highlights the need for research on chaperonotherapy, namely the development of means to eliminate/inhibit pathogenic chaperones.
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10
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Atallah GA, Abd. Aziz NH, Teik CK, Shafiee MN, Kampan NC. New Predictive Biomarkers for Ovarian Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:465. [PMID: 33800113 PMCID: PMC7998656 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the eighth-most common cause of death among women worldwide. In the absence of distinctive symptoms in the early stages, the majority of women are diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease. Surgical debulking and systemic adjuvant chemotherapy remain the mainstays of treatment, with the development of chemoresistance in up to 75% of patients with subsequent poor treatment response and reduced survival. Therefore, there is a critical need to revisit existing, and identify potential biomarkers that could lead to the development of novel and more effective predictors for ovarian cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The capacity of these biomarkers to predict the existence, stages, and associated therapeutic efficacy of ovarian cancer would enable improvements in the early diagnosis and survival of ovarian cancer patients. This review not only highlights current evidence-based ovarian-cancer-specific prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers but also provides an update on various technologies and methods currently used to identify novel biomarkers of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nirmala Chandralega Kampan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (G.A.A.); (N.H.A.A.); (C.K.T.); (M.N.S.)
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11
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Phang CW, Abd Malek SN, Karsani SA. Flavokawain C exhibits anti-tumor effects on in vivo HCT 116 xenograft and identification of its apoptosis-linked serum biomarkers via proteomic analysis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:110846. [PMID: 33761587 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chalcones and their derivatives belong to the flavonoid family. They have been extensively studied for their anticancer properties and some have been approved for clinical use. In this study, the in vivo anti-tumor activity of flavokawain C (FKC), a naturally occurring chalcone found in Kava (Piper methysticum Forst) was evaluated in HCT 116 cells (colon carcinoma). We also attempted to identify potential biomarkers and/or molecular targets in serum with applicability in predicting treatment outcome. The anti-tumor effects and toxicity of FKC were assessed using the xenograft nude mice model. Cisplatin was used as positive control. The anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities were then evaluated in tumor tissues treated with FKC. Furthermore, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by protein identification using MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS/MS was performed to compare the serum proteome profiles between healthy nude mice and nude mice bearing HCT 116 tumor treated with vehicle solution and FKC, respectively. Our results showed that FKC treatment significantly inhibited HCT 116 tumor growth. In vivo toxicity studies showed that administration of FKC did not cause damage to major organs and had no significant effect on body weight. FKC was found to induce apoptosis in tumor, and this was associated with increased expression of cleaved caspase-3 and decreased expression of Ki67 in tumor tissues. Our proteomic analysis identified five proteins that changed in abundance - Ig mu chain C region (secreted form), GRP78, hemopexin, kininogen-1 and apolipoprotein E. Overall, our findings demonstrated the potential of FKC as an anti-cancer agent for the treatment of colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Weng Phang
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sri Nurestri Abd Malek
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Saiful Anuar Karsani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Universiti Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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12
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Khan AA, Allemailem KS, Almatroudi A, Almatroodi SA, Mahzari A, Alsahli MA, Rahmani AH. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Provocation by Different Nanoparticles: An Innovative Approach to Manage the Cancer and Other Common Diseases. Molecules 2020; 25:E5336. [PMID: 33207628 PMCID: PMC7697255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A proper execution of basic cellular functions requires well-controlled homeostasis including correct protein folding. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) implements such functions by protein reshaping and post-translational modifications. Different insults imposed on cells could lead to ER stress-mediated signaling pathways, collectively called the unfolded protein response (UPR). ER stress is also closely linked with oxidative stress, which is a common feature of diseases such as stroke, neurodegeneration, inflammation, metabolic diseases, and cancer. The level of ER stress is higher in cancer cells, indicating that such cells are already struggling to survive. Prolonged ER stress in cancer cells is like an Achilles' heel, if aggravated by different agents including nanoparticles (NPs) may be exhausted off the pro-survival features and can be easily subjected to proapoptotic mode. Different types of NPs including silver, gold, silica, graphene, etc. have been used to augment the cytotoxicity by promoting ER stress-mediated cell death. The diverse physico-chemical properties of NPs play a great role in their biomedical applications. Some special NPs have been effectively used to address different types of cancers as these particles can be used as both toxicological or therapeutic agents. Several types of NPs, and anticancer drug nano-formulations have been engineered to target tumor cells to enhance their ER stress to promote their death. Therefore, mitigating ER stress in cancer cells in favor of cell death by ER-specific NPs is extremely important in future therapeutics and understanding the underlying mechanism of how cancer cells can respond to NP induced ER stress is a good choice for the development of novel therapeutics. Thus, in depth focus on NP-mediated ER stress will be helpful to boost up developing novel pro-drug candidates for triggering pro-death pathways in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.H.R.)
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.H.R.)
| | - Saleh A. Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.H.R.)
| | - Ali Mahzari
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha 65527, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed A. Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.H.R.)
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.H.R.)
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Barez SR, Atar AM, Aghaei M. Mechanism of inositol-requiring enzyme 1-alpha inhibition in endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. J Cell Commun Signal 2020; 14:403-415. [PMID: 32200504 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IRE1α endonuclease is a key regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that controls cell survival/apoptosis in cancers. Inhibition of IRE1α endonuclease leads to decreased splice XBP1 which decreases cell proliferation and increases cell death in cancer cells. Therefore, this study investigated the effects and mechanism of STF-083010 (an IRE1α inhibitor) on the cell growth/apoptosis of ovarian malignant cells via the XBP1-CHOP-Bim pathway following the induction of ER stress (ERS). ERS in OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells was measured using Thioflavin T staining. The expression of ER stress response genes was evaluated by QRT-PCR. The levels of XBP1(s), PERK, phospho-PERK, p-PP2A, ATF4, BIP/GRP78, CHOP, and Bim proteins were evaluated using western blotting. Cell viability and apoptosis in STF-083010 and Tunicamycin (Tm) co-treated cells were assessed using BrdU, MTT, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and caspases-12 and -3 activity assays. The results showed increased XBP1, CHOP, and ATF-4 mRNA expression levels as well as high protein aggregation in STF-083010 and Tm co-treated cells. The IRE1α inhibitor down-regulated sXBP1 and BIP proteins, while XBP-1, p-PERK, ATF-4, CHOP, and Bim proteins were up-regulated. STF-083010 reduced cell proliferation and induced apoptosis through the activation of caspases-12 and -3 and Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression. In summary, the present data revealed the effects of STF-083010 in ER stress and apoptosis as well as signaling via XBP1/CHOP/Bim mediators. Thus, STF-083010 is proposed as a new target for the control of ERS in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekufe Rezghi Barez
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedian Atar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Yang C, Zhang Z, Zou Y, Gao G, Liu L, Xu H, Liu F. Expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 as prognostic biomarkers for triple-negative breast cancer. Histol Histopathol 2019; 35:559-568. [PMID: 31745967 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucose-regulated protein78(GRP78) is a stress - induced endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein. it is closely related to the occurrence, development, proliferation, differentiation and drug resistance of breast cancer. However, the association and clinicopathological features between GRP78 and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remain to be studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS Clinical and pathological characteristics and overall survival were analysed retrospectively in 179 surgically resected TNBC patients. GRP78 was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using breast cancer tissue microarrays (TMAs), and the association between GRP78 levels and clinicopathological factors and prognosis was analyzed. Furthermore, GRP78 expression in human TNBC and NTNBC cell lines was detected by Western blot and qRT-PCR. After Si-GRP78 knocked-down GRP78 in MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cell lines, cell proliferation was detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and cell colony formation was detected by crystal violet staining, respectively. RESULTS GRP78 was expressed in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). GRP78 expression was significantly associated with invasive, distant metastasis and proliferation of TNBC (P<0.05). In addition, patients with positive GRP78 expression had shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). And the high expression of GRP78 was significantly associated with disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with TNBC (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings improve our understanding of the expression pattern of GRP78 in TNBC and clarify the role of GRP78 as promising prognostic biomarkers for triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlian Yang
- Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Hengyang Medical School of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yutian Zou
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Guanfeng Gao
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lingrui Liu
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Haifan Xu
- Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Hengyang Medical School of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China.
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Hoter A, Naim HY. Heat Shock Proteins and Ovarian Cancer: Important Roles and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1389. [PMID: 31540420 PMCID: PMC6769485 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a serious cause of death in gynecological oncology. Delayed diagnosis and poor survival rates associated with late stages of the disease are major obstacles against treatment efforts. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are stress responsive molecules known to be crucial in many cancer types including ovarian cancer. Clusterin (CLU), a unique chaperone protein with analogous oncogenic criteria to HSPs, has also been proven to confer resistance to anti-cancer drugs. Indeed, these chaperone molecules have been implicated in diagnosis, prognosis, metastasis and aggressiveness of various cancers. However, relative to other cancers, there is limited body of knowledge about the molecular roles of these chaperones in ovarian cancer. In the current review, we shed light on the diverse roles of HSPs as well as related chaperone proteins like CLU in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer and elucidate their potential as effective drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Hoter
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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16
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Tashiro E. Screening and identification of inhibitors of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced activation of the IRE1α-XBP1 branch. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 72:899-905. [PMID: 31399644 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the subsequent adaptive cellular response, termed the unfolded protein response (UPR), have been implicated in several diseases, including cancer. In this review, I present a brief introduction to ER stress and the UPR and then summarize the importance of the IRE1α-XBP1 branch as a target for anticancer drug discovery. In addition, I introduce our approach to the identification of inhibitors against the IRE1α-XBP1 branch from microbial cultures. As a result of our screening, toyocamycin has been identified and toyocamycin showed anticancer activity against multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsu Tashiro
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama City, 223-8522, Japan.
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17
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Jiang B, Zhang R, Zhang J, Hou Y, Chen X, Zhou M, Tian X, Hao C, Fan K, Yan X. GRP78-targeted ferritin nanocaged ultra-high dose of doxorubicin for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2167-2182. [PMID: 31149036 PMCID: PMC6531302 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer deaths, primarily due to its high incidence of recurrence and metastasis. Considerable efforts have therefore been undertaken to develop effective therapies; however, effective anti-HCC therapies rely on identification of suitable biomarkers, few of which are currently available for drug targeting. Methods: GRP78 was identified as the membrane receptor of HCC-targeted peptide SP94 by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrum analysis. To develop an effective anti-HCC drug nanocarrier, we first displayed GRP78-targeted peptide SP94 onto the exterior surface of Pyrococcus furiosus ferritin Fn (HccFn) by genetic engineering approach, and then loaded doxorubicin (Dox) into the cavities of HccFn via urea-based disassembly/reassembly method, thereby constructing a drug nanocarrier called HccFn-Dox. Results: We demonstrated that HccFn nanocage encapsulated ultra-high dose of Dox (up to 400 molecules Dox/protein nanocage). In vivo animal experiments showed that Dox encapsulated in HccFn-Dox was selectively delivered into HCC tumor cells, and effectively killed subcutaneous and lung metastatic HCC tumors. In addition, HccFn-Dox significantly reduced drug exposure to healthy organs and improved the maximum tolerated dose by six-fold compared with free Dox. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings clearly demonstrate that GRP78 is an effective biomarker for HCC therapy, and GRP78-targeted HccFn nanocage is effective in delivering anti-HCC drug without damage to healthy tissue.
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18
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Gambogenic acid triggers apoptosis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells by activating volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying chloride channel. Fitoterapia 2019; 133:150-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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19
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Dai YJ, Qiu YB, Jiang R, Xu M, Liao LY, Chen GG, Liu ZM. Concomitant high expression of ERα36, GRP78 and GRP94 is associated with aggressive papillary thyroid cancer behavior. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 41:269-282. [PMID: 29368272 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is more common in women than in men. It has been suggested that estrogen may be involved in its development, as has previously been shown for breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess correlations between the expression of the estrogen receptor alpha36 (ERα36) and the glucose regulated proteins GRP78 and GRP94 (chaperones involved in glycoprotein folding) and various PTC clinicopathological features, as well as to evaluate the potential usefulness of these three potential oncogenic proteins in the prediction of aggressive PTC behavior. METHODS ERα36, GRP78 and GRP94 protein expression in 218 primary PTC tissues and PTC-derived BCPAP cells was examined using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. The proliferative, invasive and migrative capacities of BCPAP cells in which the respective genes were either exogenously over-expressed or silenced were assessed using BrdU incorporation and Transwell assays, respectively. RESULTS We found that ERα36, GRP78 and GRP94 protein expression was upregulated in the primary PTC tissues tested. We also found that ERα36, GRP78 and GRP94 expression modulation affected the proliferation, invasion and migration of PTC-derived BCPAP cells. A positive correlation and a positive feedback loop were noted between ERα36, GRP78 and GRP94 protein expression in the primary PTC tissues and in BCPAP cells, respectively. High ERα36 expression in combination with a high GRP78/ GRP94 expression was found to have a stronger correlation with extrathyroid extension (ETE), lymph node metastasis (LNM), distant metastasis (DM) and high TNM stage than high ERα36 expression in combination with either high GRP78 or high GRP94 expression (p = 0.028 for ETE, p = 0.002 for DM and p ≤ 0.001 for LNM and high TNM stage) or high ERα36 expression alone (p < 0.001 for ETE, LNM, DM and high TNM stage). CONCLUSIONS From our data we conclude that a concomitant high expression of ERα36, GRP78 and GRP94 is strongly associated with aggressive PTC behavior and may be used as a predictor for ETE, LNM, DM and high TNM stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yi-Bo Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Man Xu
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling-Yao Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - George G Chen
- Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Min Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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20
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Knockdown of GRP78 enhances cell death by cisplatin and radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal cells. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 27:726-33. [PMID: 27254284 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy and adjuvant cisplatin chemotherapy are the mainstream approaches in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). These have been shown to effectively improve the outcome and reduce tumor recurrence. However, radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance during the course of treatment has become more common recently, resulting in the failure of NPC therapy. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies or adjuvant drugs are urgently needed. The current study was designed to look for new treatment strategies or auxiliary drugs in the treatment of NPC. Two human NPC cell lines, HNE1 and HNE1/DDP, were used to examine the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell resistance to ionizing radiation (IR) and cisplatin (DDP). Cell proliferation was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Meanwhile, propidium iodide (PI) staining and PI/Annexin V staining were used to observe cell apoptosis. Finally, western blot was used to detect the endogenous expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and other apoptosis-related proteins. GRP78 small interference RNA was transfected using Lipofectamine 2000. Compared with HNE1/DDP, IR and DDP increased the cell apoptosis and inhibited the cell proliferation of HNE1. Inhibition of GRP78 can reverse IR and DDP resistance in NPC cells by PI/Annexin V staining. Knockdown of GRP78 upregulates the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and downregulates the expression of antiapoptotic proteins. These results indicate that HNE1 is more sensitive to DDP and IR than HNE1/DDP. Knockdown GRP78 can reverse IR and DDP resistance in NPC cells. Inhibition of GRP78 gives us a new target to overcome resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy of NPC cells. Thus, this study should be further explored in vivo and assessed for possible clinical applications.
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21
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Al-Hashimi AA, Lebeau P, Majeed F, Polena E, Lhotak Š, Collins CAF, Pinthus JH, Gonzalez-Gronow M, Hoogenes J, Pizzo SV, Crowther M, Kapoor A, Rak J, Gyulay G, D'Angelo S, Marchiò S, Pasqualini R, Arap W, Shayegan B, Austin RC. Autoantibodies against the cell surface-associated chaperone GRP78 stimulate tumor growth via tissue factor. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21180-21192. [PMID: 29066620 PMCID: PMC5743090 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.799908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells display on their surface several molecular chaperones that normally reside in the endoplasmic reticulum. Because this display is unique to cancer cells, these chaperones are attractive targets for drug development. Previous epitope-mapping of autoantibodies (AutoAbs) from prostate cancer patients identified the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) as one such target. Although we previously showed that anti-GRP78 AutoAbs increase tissue factor (TF) procoagulant activity on the surface of tumor cells, the direct effect of TF activation on tumor growth was not examined. In this study, we explore the interplay between the AutoAbs against cell surface-associated GRP78, TF expression/activity, and prostate cancer progression. First, we show that tumor GRP78 expression correlates with disease stage and that anti-GRP78 AutoAb levels parallel prostate-specific antigen concentrations in patient-derived serum samples. Second, we demonstrate that these anti-GRP78 AutoAbs target cell-surface GRP78, activating the unfolded protein response and inducing tumor cell proliferation through a TF-dependent mechanism, a specific effect reversed by neutralization or immunodepletion of the AutoAb pool. Finally, these AutoAbs enhance tumor growth in mice bearing human prostate cancer xenografts, and heparin derivatives specifically abrogate this effect by blocking AutoAb binding to cell-surface GRP78 and decreasing TF expression/activity. Together, these results establish a molecular mechanism in which AutoAbs against cell-surface GRP78 drive TF-mediated tumor progression in an experimental model of prostate cancer. Heparin derivatives counteract this mechanism and, as such, represent potentially appealing compounds to be evaluated in well-designed translational clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Al-Hashimi
- From the Department of Medicine, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
- the Department of Surgery, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Paul Lebeau
- From the Department of Medicine, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Fadwa Majeed
- From the Department of Medicine, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Enio Polena
- From the Department of Medicine, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Šárka Lhotak
- From the Department of Medicine, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Celeste A F Collins
- From the Department of Medicine, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Jehonathan H Pinthus
- From the Department of Medicine, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
- the Department of Surgery, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Mario Gonzalez-Gronow
- the Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Jen Hoogenes
- From the Department of Medicine, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
- the Department of Surgery, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Salvatore V Pizzo
- the Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Mark Crowther
- From the Department of Medicine, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- From the Department of Medicine, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
- the Department of Surgery, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Janusz Rak
- the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Gabriel Gyulay
- From the Department of Medicine, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Sara D'Angelo
- the University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106
- the Divisions of Molecular Medicine and
| | - Serena Marchiò
- the University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106
- the Divisions of Molecular Medicine and
- the Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy, and
- the Candiolo Cancer Institute-Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO)-Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- the University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106
- the Divisions of Molecular Medicine and
| | - Wadih Arap
- the University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Bobby Shayegan
- From the Department of Medicine, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
- the Department of Surgery, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- From the Department of Medicine, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada,
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Van Hoesen K, Meynier S, Ribaux P, Petignat P, Delie F, Cohen M. Circulating GRP78 antibodies from ovarian cancer patients: a promising tool for cancer cell targeting drug delivery system? Oncotarget 2017; 8:107176-107187. [PMID: 29291021 PMCID: PMC5739806 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a chaperone protein that has a high frequency in tumor cells. Normally it is found in the endoplasmic reticulum to assist in protein folding, but under cellular stress, GRP78 influences proliferative signaling pathways at the cell surface. The increased expression elicits autoantibody production, providing a biomarker of ovarian cancer, as well as other types of cancer. This study aims to determine the epitope recognition of GRP78 autoantibodies isolated from serum of ovarian cancer patients and use the identified antibodies to design new drug delivery systems to specifically target cancer cells. We first confirmed that the membrane GRP78 levels are increased in ovarian cancer cells and positively correlate with proliferation. However, the level of circulating GRP78 autoantibodies did not correlate with membrane GRP78 expression in ovarian cancer cells and was lower, although not significantly, compared to control patients. We then determined the epitope recognition of GRP78 autoantibodies and showed that treatment with paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles coated with anti-GRP78 antibodies significantly decreased tumor development in chick embryo culture of ovarian cancer cell tumors compared to paclitaxel treatment alone. This evidence suggests that nanoparticle drug delivery systems coupled with antibodies against GRP78 has potential as a powerful therapy against ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Van Hoesen
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Meynier
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Ribaux
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Petignat
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florence Delie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Cohen
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Expression and release of glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78) in multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56243-56254. [PMID: 28915587 PMCID: PMC5593558 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm that is mostly incurable due to acquired resistance during the treatment course. Thus, we evaluated expression and release of glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78/BiP), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) based pro-survival chaperone involved in immunoglobulin folding and unfolded protein responses. Results GRP78 protein expression in the ER and on the cell surface did not significantly differ between MGUS, NDMM and RRMM patients although there was a trend to higher surface expression in RRMM. In bone marrow plasma, the amount of released GRP78 protein was not significantly increased between MGUS-, NDMM- and RRMM patients. MM cells of the three cell lines release GRP78 as full-length protein under apoptotic, but not under acidotic or ER-stress conditions. In necrosis, only proteolytic fragments of GRP78 were detected in supernatants of MM cells. Materials and Methods GRP78 protein expression and plasma levels were quantified in bone marrow aspirates of patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS, n = 29), newly diagnosed MM (NDMM, n = 29) and with relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM, n = 15) by immunohistochemistry and sandwich ELISA. The human MM cell lines U266, NCI-H929 and OPM-2 were used for functional GRP78 release- and processing studies after induction of acidosis, ER stress, apoptosis and necrosis. Conclusions Ectopic expression of GRP78 on cell membrane or its release in the microenvironment is not a suitable marker to distinguish MGUS from NDMM and RRMM.
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Boonstra MC, de Geus SWL, Prevoo HAJM, Hawinkels LJAC, van de Velde CJH, Kuppen PJK, Vahrmeijer AL, Sier CFM. Selecting Targets for Tumor Imaging: An Overview of Cancer-Associated Membrane Proteins. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2016; 8:119-133. [PMID: 27721658 PMCID: PMC5040425 DOI: 10.4137/bic.s38542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumor targeting is a booming business: The global therapeutic monoclonal antibody market accounted for more than $78 billion in 2012 and is expanding exponentially. Tumors can be targeted with an extensive arsenal of monoclonal antibodies, ligand proteins, peptides, RNAs, and small molecules. In addition to therapeutic targeting, some of these compounds can also be applied for tumor visualization before or during surgery, after conjugation with radionuclides and/or near-infrared fluorescent dyes. The majority of these tumor-targeting compounds are directed against cell membrane-bound proteins. Various categories of targetable membrane-bound proteins, such as anchoring proteins, receptors, enzymes, and transporter proteins, exist. The functions and biological characteristics of these proteins determine their location and distribution on the cell membrane, making them more, or less, accessible, and therefore, it is important to understand these features. In this review, we evaluate the characteristics of cancer-associated membrane proteins and discuss their overall usability for cancer targeting, especially focusing on imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Boonstra
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Susanna W L de Geus
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lukas J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Peter J K Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.; Antibodies for Research Applications BV, Gouda, the Netherlands
| | | | - Cornelis F M Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.; Antibodies for Research Applications BV, Gouda, the Netherlands
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Gwak H, Kim S, Dhanasekaran DN, Song YS. Resveratrol triggers ER stress-mediated apoptosis by disrupting N -linked glycosylation of proteins in ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2016; 371:347-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Aghamollaei H, Mousavi Gargari SL, Ghanei M, Rasaee MJ, Amani J, Bakherad H, Farnoosh G. Structure prediction, expression, and antigenicity of c-terminal of GRP78. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2016; 64:117-125. [PMID: 26549515 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Aghamollaei
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | | | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mohamad Javad Rasaee
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medical sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Hamid Bakherad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Gholamreza Farnoosh
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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Rasche L, Duell J, Castro IC, Dubljevic V, Chatterjee M, Knop S, Hensel F, Rosenwald A, Einsele H, Topp MS, Brändlein S. GRP78-directed immunotherapy in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma - results from a phase 1 trial with the monoclonal immunoglobulin M antibody PAT-SM6. Haematologica 2015; 100:377-84. [PMID: 25637055 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.117945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The primary objective of this phase 1 study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of the anti-glucose regulated protein 78 monoclonal immunoglobulin M antibody PAT-SM6 in subjects with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Twelve heavily pretreated patients received four intravenous infusions of PAT-SM6 at doses of 0.3, 1, 3, and 6 mg/kg within 2 weeks. Efficacy, pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity were followed up until the end of the trial (day 36). In addition, immune cell patterns in peripheral blood were assessed by flow cytometry and glucose regulated protein 78 expression status was evaluated in bone marrow specimens by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry at screening. All doses administered were found to be safe and well tolerated; the maximum tolerated dose was not reached. The most common treatment emergent adverse event was leukopenia (grades 1 and 2) in eight out of the 12 multiple myeloma patients. Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated dose-proportional increases in drug serum concentration. The terminal half-life ranged from 5.86 to 8.41 h, the apparent volume of distribution ranged from 101 to 150 mL/kg, and clearance ranged from 8.11 to 16.1 mL/h/kg. All patients showed glucose regulated protein 78 surface expression on multiple myeloma cells. Four out of the 12 patients (33.3 %) had stable disease, according to the International Myeloma Working Group criteria, after PAT-SM6 treatment across the doses 1, 3 and 6 mg/kg. In summary, single-agent PAT-SM6 was well tolerated with modest clinical activity in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Further trials exploring the combination of PAT-SM6 with existing myeloma therapies are planned. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01727778.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Rasche
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Duell
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Manik Chatterjee
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Knop
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Germany, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Max S Topp
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Brändlein
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Germany, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Germany
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Zhao L, Li H, Shi Y, Wang G, Liu L, Su C, Su R. Nanoparticles inhibit cancer cell invasion and enhance antitumor efficiency by targeted drug delivery via cell surface-related GRP78. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 10:245-56. [PMID: 25565817 PMCID: PMC4283987 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s74868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) which target specific agents could effectively recognize the target cells and increase the stability of chemical agents by encapsulation. As such, NPs have been widely used in cancer treatment research. Recently, over 90% of treatment failure cases in patients with metastatic cancer were attributed to resistance to chemotherapy. Surface-exposed glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa (GRP78) is expressed highly on many tumor cell surfaces in many human cancers and is related to the regulation of invasion and metastasis. Herein, we report that NPs conjugated with antibody against GRP78 (mAb GRP78-NPs) inhibit the adhesion, invasion, and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and promote drug delivery of 5-fluorouracil into GRP78 high-expressed human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Our new findings suggest that mAb GRP78-NPs could enhance drug accumulation by effectively transporting NPs into cell surface GRP78-overexpressed human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and then inhibit cell proliferation and viability and induce cell apoptosis by regulating caspase-3. In brief, mAb GRP78-NPs effectively inhibit cancer cell invasion and enhance antitumor efficiency by targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongdan Li
- Central Laboratory of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijie Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan Wang
- Central Laboratory of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Su
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjian Su
- Central Laboratory of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
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Yerlikaya A, Okur E, Baykal AT, Acılan C, Boyacı I, Ulukaya E. A proteomic analysis of p53-independent induction of apoptosis by bortezomib in 4T1 breast cancer cell line. J Proteomics 2014; 113:315-25. [PMID: 25305590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The 26S proteasome is a proteolytic enzyme found in both cytoplasm and nucleus. In this study, we examined the differential expression of proteasome inhibitor bortezomib-induced proteins in p53-deficient 4T1 cells. It was found that GRP78 and TCEB2 were over-expressed in response to treatment with bortezomib for 24h. Next, we analyzed the expression of intracellular proteins in response to treatment with 100nM bortezomib for 24h by label-free LC-MS/MS. These analyses showed that Hsp70, the 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 and sequestosome 1 were increased at least 2 fold in p53-deficient 4T1 cells. The proteins identified by label-free LC-MS/MS were then analyzed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) Tool to determine biological networks affected by inhibition of the 26S proteasome. The analysis results showed that post-translational modifications, protein folding, DNA replication, energy production and nucleic acid metabolism were found to be among the top functions affected by the 26S proteasome inhibition. The biological network analysis indicated that ubiquitin may be the central regulator of the pathways modulated after bortezomib-treatment. Further investigation of the mechanism of the proteins modulated in response to the proteasomal inhibition may lead to the design of more effective and novel therapeutic strategies for cancer. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Although the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is approved and used for the treatment of human cancer (multiple myeloma), the mechanism of action is not entirely understood. A number of studies showed that proteasome inhibitors induced apoptosis through upregulation of tumor suppressor protein p53. However, the role of tumor suppressor protein p53 in bortezomib-induced apoptosis is controversial and not well-understood. The tumor suppressor p53 is mutated in at least 50% of human cancers and is strongly induced by proteasomal inhibition. Some also reported that the proteasome inhibitor can induce apoptosis in a p53-independent manner. Also, it is reported that Noxa, a target of p53, is induced in response to proteasomal inhibition in a p53-independent manner. However, we have also previously reported that neither Puma nor Noxa are induced by proteasomal inhibition in p53-null 4T1 breast cancer cells, which is commonly used for in vivo breast cancer tumor models. The current results provided additional targets of proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and may therefore help in understanding the p53-independent mechanism of apoptosis induction by proteasome inhibitors. In addition, the results presented in this current study report for the first time that proteasomal subunit Psmd14, anti-apoptotic GRP78, anti apoptotic protein Card10, Dffb, Traf3 and Trp53bp2 are regulated and overexpressed in response to proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in p53-deficient 4T1 cells. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies targeting these anti-apoptotic or pro-apoptotic proteins as well as inhibiting the proteasome simultaneously may be more effective against cancer cells. The proteins identified here present new avenues for the development of anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmi Yerlikaya
- Dumlupınar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Kütahya, Turkey.
| | - Emrah Okur
- Dumlupınar University, Art and Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tarık Baykal
- İstanbul Medipol University, Medical School, Department of Medical Biochemistry, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceyda Acılan
- TÜBİTAK, MAM, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Boyacı
- İstanbul Medipol University, Vatan Clinic, İstanbul, 34214, Turkey
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
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GRP78 mediates the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin on colon cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:633-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2640-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Yadav RK, Chae SW, Kim HR, Chae HJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and cancer. J Cancer Prev 2014; 19:75-88. [PMID: 25337575 PMCID: PMC4204165 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2014.19.2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the principal organelle responsible for multiple cellular functions including protein folding and maturation and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. ER stress is activated by a variety of factors and triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), which restores homeostasis or activates cell death. Multiple studies have clarified the link between ER stress and cancer, and particularly the involvement of the UPR. The UPR seems to adjust the paradoxical microenvironment of cancer and, as such, is one of resistance mechanisms against cancer therapy. This review describes the activity of different UPRs involved in tumorigenesis and resistance to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Korea
| | - Soo-Wan Chae
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Korea
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Korea
| | - Han Jung Chae
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Korea
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Ávila MF, Torrente D, Cabezas R, Morales L, García-Segura LM, Gonzalez J, Barreto GE. Structural insights from GRP78–NF-κB binding interactions: A computational approach to understand a possible neuroprotective pathway in brain injuries. J Theor Biol 2014; 345:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhang Y, Tseng CC, Tsai YL, Fu X, Schiff R, Lee AS. Cancer cells resistant to therapy promote cell surface relocalization of GRP78 which complexes with PI3K and enhances PI(3,4,5)P3 production. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80071. [PMID: 24244613 PMCID: PMC3823711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, GRP78 has been regarded as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumenal protein due to its carboxyl KDEL retention motif. Recently, a subfraction of GRP78 is found to localize to the surface of specific cell types, serving as co-receptors and regulating signaling. However, the physiological relevance of cell surface GRP78 (sGRP78) expression in cancer and its functional interactions at the cell surface are just emerging. In this report, we combined biochemical, imaging and mutational approaches to address these issues. For detection of sGRP78, we utilized a mouse monoclonal antibody highly potent and specific for GRP78 or epitope-tagged GRP78, coupled with imaging and biochemical techniques that allowed detection of sGRP78 but not intracellular GRP78. Our studies revealed that breast and prostate cancer cells resistant to hormonal therapy actively promote GRP78 to the cell surface, which can be further elevated by a variety of ER stress-inducing conditions. We showed that sGRP78 forms complex with PI3K, and overexpression of sGRP78 promotes PIP3 formation, indicative of PI3K activation. We further discovered that an insertion mutant of GRP78 at its N-terminus domain, while retaining stable expression and the ability to translocate to the cell surface as the wild-type protein, exhibited reduced complex formation with p85 and production of PIP3. Thus, our studies provide a mechanistic explanation for the regulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling by sGRP78. Our findings suggest that targeting sGRP78 may suppress therapeutic resistance in cancer cells and offer a novel strategy to suppress PI3K activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Chun-Chih Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yuan-Li Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyong Fu
- Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rachel Schiff
- Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amy S. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Smolle E, Taucher V, Pichler M, Petru E, Lax S, Haybaeck J. Targeting signaling pathways in epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:9536-55. [PMID: 23644885 PMCID: PMC3676798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14059536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma (OC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Response to platinum-based chemotherapy is poor in some patients and, thus, current research is focusing on new therapy options. The various histological types of OC are characterized by distinctive molecular genetic alterations that are relevant for ovarian tumorigenesis. The understanding of these molecular pathways is essential for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Smolle
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, A-8036 Graz, Austria; E-Mails: (E.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Valentin Taucher
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, A-8036 Graz, Austria; E-Mails: (E.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Martin Pichler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Oncology, Medical University Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria; E-Mail:
| | - Edgar Petru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria; E-Mail:
| | - Sigurd Lax
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital Graz West, Goestinger Straße 22, A-8020 Graz, Austria
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.L.); (J.H.); Tel.: +43-316-5466-4652 (S.L.); +43-316-385-80594 (J.H.); Fax: +43-316-5466-74652 (S.L.); +43-316-384-329 (J.H.)
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, A-8036 Graz, Austria; E-Mails: (E.S.); (V.T.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.L.); (J.H.); Tel.: +43-316-5466-4652 (S.L.); +43-316-385-80594 (J.H.); Fax: +43-316-5466-74652 (S.L.); +43-316-384-329 (J.H.)
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Potential for therapeutic manipulation of the UPR in disease. Semin Immunopathol 2013; 35:351-73. [PMID: 23572207 PMCID: PMC3641308 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-013-0370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the activated unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling associated with it play key roles in physiological processes as well as under pathological conditions. The UPR normally protects cells and re-establishes cellular homeostasis, but prolonged UPR activation can lead to the development of various pathologies. These features make the UPR signaling pathway an attractive target for the treatment of diseases whose pathogenesis is characterized by chronic activation of this pathway. Here, we focus on the molecular signaling pathways of the UPR and suggest possible ways to target this response for therapeutic purposes.
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Gray MJ, Mhawech-Fauceglia P, Yoo E, Yang W, Wu E, Lee AS, Lin YG. AKT inhibition mitigates GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein) expression and contribution to chemoresistance in endometrial cancers. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:21-30. [PMID: 23280503 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the unfolded protein response master regulator GRP78 is associated with poor prognosis and therapeutic resistance in numerous human cancers, yet its role in endometrial cancers (EC) is undefined. To better understand the contribution of GRP78 to EC, we examined its expression levels in EC patient samples and EC cell lines. We demonstrate that GRP78 overexpression occurs more frequently in EC tissues compared with that found in normal endometrium, and that GRP78 expression occurs in most EC cell lines examined. Functional analysis demonstrated that GRP78 is inducible by cisplatin in EC cells, and siRNA knockdown of GRP78 augments chemotherapy-mediated cell death. Examination of AKT and GRP78 expression demonstrated that inhibition of AKT activity by MK2206 blocks GRP78 expression in EC cells. SiRNA studies also revealed that knockdown of GRP78 reduces but does not abrogate AKT activity, demonstrating that GRP78 is required for optimal AKT activity. In the presence of MK2206, siRNA knockdown of GRP78 does not augment AKT mediated survival in response to cisplatin treatment, suggesting that GRP78's antiapoptosis functions are part of the AKT survival pathway. Targeted therapies that reduce GRP78 expression or activity in cancers may serve to increase the effectiveness of current therapies for EC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gray
- Women's Cancer Program, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Delie F, Petignat P, Cohen M. GRP78-targeted nanotherapy against castrate-resistant prostate cancer cells expressing membrane GRP78. Target Oncol 2012; 8:225-30. [PMID: 23090204 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-012-0234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 78, GRP78, is a chaperone protein mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of normal cells. In stress conditions, GRP78 is overexpressed and in different cancer cell types, it is expressed at the cell surface, whereas it stays intracellular in non-cancerous cells. Therefore, it appears as a strategic target to recognize malignant cells. Prostate cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancers in men. The development of castrate resistant tumors and the resistance to chemotherapy frequently occur. The carboxy-terminal ER retention domain is defined by the KDEL amino acid sequence. We developed anti-KDEL functionalized polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with paclitaxel (Tx) to specifically target prostate cancer cells expressing GRP78. The sensitivity to Tx in different formulations was compared in three prostate cell lines: PNT1B, a normal cell line, PC3, a cancer cell line faintly expressing GRP78 at its surface, and DU145, a cancer cell line expressing GRP78 at its cell surface. Our results show that the targeted formulation significantly increases Tx sensitivity of cell line expressing GRP78 at its surface compared to other treatments suggesting the added value of GRP78 targeted therapy for castrate resistant tumor which expresses GRP78 at its cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Delie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Delie F, Ribaux P, Petignat P, Cohen M. Anti-KDEL-coated nanoparticles: a promising tumor targeting approach for ovarian cancer? Biochimie 2012; 94:2391-7. [PMID: 22713763 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to target ovarian cancer cells by coupling paclitaxel (Tx)-loaded nanoparticles (NPs-Tx) to antibodies against KDEL sequence, able to recognize GRP94 and GRP78 that are located at cell surface in cancer cells whereas they are in the endoplasmic reticulum in healthy cells. Tx-loaded poly (DL-lactic acid) nanoparticles coated with anti-KDEL antibodies (NPs-Tx-KDEL) were successfully prepared and characterized. Interaction between tumor cells and NPs-Tx or NPs-Tx-KDEL was observed by microscopy with fluorescently labeled NPs and the efficacy of the different formulations was compared by a viability assay. Particles functionalized with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) showed a higher binding to the cells even though the internalization rate appeared limited. The effect of NPs-Tx-KDEL on cell viability (proliferation) was compared to Tx, NPs, NPs-Tx, anti-KDEL mAb or anti-KDEL mAb in combination with NPs-Tx in Bg-1 ovarian cell line. Our data indicate that NPs-Tx-KDEL significantly increase sensitivity of Bg-1 cells to Tx compared to other treatments. This study confirms the interest of anti-cancer therapy by targeting cell surface GRP78 and GRP94 on cancer cells, and demonstrates the efficiency of coupling KDEL antibodies to NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Delie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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