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Gene Engineering T Cells with T-Cell Receptor for Adoptive Therapy. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2453:209-229. [PMID: 35622329 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2115-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Prior to clinical testing of adoptive T-cell therapy with T-cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells, TCRs need to be retrieved, annotated, gene-transferred, and extensively tested in vitro to accurately assess specificity and sensitivity of target recognition. Here, we present a fundamental series of protocols that cover critical preclinical parameters, thereby enabling the selection of candidate TCRs for clinical testing.
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2
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Frick R, Høydahl LS, Petersen J, du Pré MF, Kumari S, Berntsen G, Dewan AE, Jeliazkov JR, Gunnarsen KS, Frigstad T, Vik ES, Llerena C, Lundin KEA, Yaqub S, Jahnsen J, Gray JJ, Rossjohn J, Sollid LM, Sandlie I, Løset GÅ. A high-affinity human TCR-like antibody detects celiac disease gluten peptide-MHC complexes and inhibits T cell activation. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/62/eabg4925. [PMID: 34417258 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abg4925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies specific for peptides bound to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules are valuable tools for studies of antigen presentation and may have therapeutic potential. Here, we generated human T cell receptor (TCR)-like antibodies toward the immunodominant signature gluten epitope DQ2.5-glia-α2 in celiac disease (CeD). Phage display selection combined with secondary targeted engineering was used to obtain highly specific antibodies with picomolar affinity. The crystal structure of a Fab fragment of the lead antibody 3.C11 in complex with HLA-DQ2.5:DQ2.5-glia-α2 revealed a binding geometry and interaction mode highly similar to prototypic TCRs specific for the same complex. Assessment of CeD biopsy material confirmed disease specificity and reinforced the notion that abundant plasma cells present antigen in the inflamed CeD gut. Furthermore, 3.C11 specifically inhibited activation and proliferation of gluten-specific CD4+ T cells in vitro and in HLA-DQ2.5 humanized mice, suggesting a potential for targeted intervention without compromising systemic immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Frick
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene S Høydahl
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Petersen
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Fleur du Pré
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Alisa E Dewan
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kristin S Gunnarsen
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Carmen Llerena
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sheraz Yaqub
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Jeffrey J Gray
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Åge Løset
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. .,Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Nextera AS, Oslo, Norway
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3
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Sugata K, Matsunaga Y, Yamashita Y, Nakatsugawa M, Guo T, Halabelian L, Ohashi Y, Saso K, Rahman MA, Anczurowski M, Wang CH, Murata K, Saijo H, Kagoya Y, Ly D, Burt BD, Butler MO, Mak TW, Hirano N. Affinity-matured HLA class II dimers for robust staining of antigen-specific CD4 + T cells. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:958-967. [PMID: 33649568 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-00836-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) multimers enable the detection of antigen-specific T cells in studies ranging from vaccine efficacy to cancer immunotherapy. However, this technology is unreliable when applied to pMHC class II for the detection of CD4+ T cells. Here, using a combination of molecular biological and immunological techniques, we cloned sequences encoding human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DP, HLA-DQ and HLA-DR molecules with enhanced CD4 binding affinity (with a Kd of 8.9 ± 1.1 µM between CD4 and affinity-matured HLA-DP4) and produced affinity-matured class II dimers that stain antigen-specific T cells better than conventional multimers in both in vitro and ex vivo analyses. Using a comprehensive library of dimers for HLA-DP4, which is the most frequent HLA allele in many ancestry groups, we mapped 103 HLA-DP4-restricted epitopes derived from diverse tumor-associated antigens and cloned the cognate T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) genes from in vitro-stimulated CD4+ T cells. The availability of affinity-matured class II dimers across HLA-DP, HLA-DQ and HLA-DR alleles will aid in the investigation of human CD4+ T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sugata
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yukiko Matsunaga
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuki Yamashita
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Munehide Nakatsugawa
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tingxi Guo
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Levon Halabelian
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yota Ohashi
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kayoko Saso
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muhammed A Rahman
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Anczurowski
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chung-Hsi Wang
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenji Murata
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiroshi Saijo
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuki Kagoya
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dalam Ly
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian D Burt
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naoto Hirano
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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4
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Das B, Senapati S. Immunological and functional aspects of MAGEA3 cancer/testis antigen. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 125:121-147. [PMID: 33931137 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Identification of ectopic gene activation in cancer cells serves as a basis for both gene signature-guided tumor targeting and unearthing of oncogenic mechanisms to expand the understanding of tumor biology/oncogenic process. Proteins expressed only in germ cells of testis and/or placenta (immunoprivileged organs) and in malignancies are called cancer testis antigens; they are antigenic because of the lack of antigen presentation by those specific cell types (germ cells), which limits the exposure of the proteins to the immune cells. Since the Cancer Testis Antigens (CTAs) are immunogenic and expressed in a wide variety of cancer types, CT antigens have become interesting target for immunotherapy against cancer. Among CT antigens MAGEA family is reported to have 12 members (MAGEA1 to MAGEA12). The current review highlights the studies on MAGEA3 which is a CT antigen and reported in almost all types of cancer. MAGEA3 is well tried for cancer immunotherapy. Recent advances on its functional and immunological aspect warranted much deliberation on effective therapeutic approach, thus making it a more interesting target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Das
- Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Lab, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shantibhusan Senapati
- Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Lab, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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5
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Lérias JR, de Sousa E, Paraschoudi G, Martins J, Condeço C, Figueiredo N, Carvalho C, Dodoo E, Maia A, Castillo-Martin M, Beltrán A, Ligeiro D, Rao M, Zumla A, Maeurer M. Trained Immunity for Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy: Current Knowledge and Future Opportunities. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2924. [PMID: 31998254 PMCID: PMC6967396 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory formation, guided by microbial ligands, has been reported for innate immune cells. Epigenetic imprinting plays an important role herein, involving histone modification after pathogen-/danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs) recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Such "trained immunity" affects not only the nominal target pathogen, yet also non-related targets that may be encountered later in life. The concept of trained innate immunity warrants further exploration in cancer and how these insights can be implemented in immunotherapeutic approaches. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of innate immune memory and we reference new findings in this field, highlighting the observations of trained immunity in monocytic and natural killer cells. We also provide a brief overview of trained immunity in non-immune cells, such as stromal cells and fibroblasts. Finally, we present possible strategies based on trained innate immunity that may help to devise host-directed immunotherapies focusing on cancer, with possible extension to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana R Lérias
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eric de Sousa
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - João Martins
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina Condeço
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno Figueiredo
- Digestive Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Carvalho
- Digestive Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ernest Dodoo
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Maia
- Molecular and Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mireia Castillo-Martin
- Molecular and Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Antonio Beltrán
- Department of Pathology, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dário Ligeiro
- Lisbon Centre for Blood and Transplantation, Instituto Português do Sangue e Transplantação, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Martin Rao
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Maeurer
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
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6
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Anczurowski M, Sugata K, Matsunaga Y, Yamashita Y, Wang CH, Guo T, Murata K, Saijo H, Kagoya Y, Saso K, Butler MO, Hirano N. Chaperones of the class I peptide-loading complex facilitate the constitutive presentation of endogenous antigens on HLA-DP84GGPM87. J Autoimmun 2019; 102:114-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Mercier-Letondal P, Marton C, Deschamps M, Ferrand C, Vauchy C, Chenut C, Baguet A, Adotévi O, Borg C, Galaine J, Godet Y. Isolation and Characterization of an HLA-DRB1*04-Restricted HPV16-E7 T Cell Receptor for Cancer Immunotherapy. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:1202-1212. [PMID: 30136612 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a causal factor in oropharyngeal and gynecological malignancies, and development of HPV-targeted immunotherapy could be used to treat patients with these cancers. T cell-mediated adoptive immunotherapy targeting E6 and E7, two HPV16 proteins consistently expressed in tumor cells, appears to be both attractive and safe. However, isolation of HPV-specific T cells is difficult owing to the low frequency of these cell precursors in the peripheral blood. In addition, HPV-positive cancer cells often down-regulate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression ex vivo, limiting the efficacy of MHC class I-restricted approaches. Of particular interest is that both CD4 and CD8 T cells can mediate the responses. Given that CD4 T cells play a critical role in coordinating effective antitumor responses, the generation of a T helper response in patients with HPV16-associated malignancies would unleash the ultimate potential of immunotherapy. In this view, T-cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer could be a relevant strategy to generate HPV16-E7-specific and MHC class II-restricted T cells in sufficient numbers. An HPV16-E7/HLA-DRB1*04 TCR has been isolated from a cancer patient with complete response, and retroviral particles encoding this TCR have been produced. The transgenic TCR is highly expressed in transduced T cells, with a functional inducible caspase-9 suicide gene safety cassette. TCR transgenic T cells are HPV16-E770-89 specific and HLA-DRB1*04 restricted, as determined by interferon (IFN)-γ secretion. CD8 and CD4 T cells are equivalently transduced and secrete interleukin-2 and IFN-γ when cultured with appropriate targets. We also demonstrate that TCR transgenic T cells recognize the endogenously processed and presented HPV16-E770-89 peptide. In conclusion, our data indicate that the production of MHC class II-restricted HPV16-E7-specific T cells is feasible through TCR gene transfer and could be used for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Mercier-Letondal
- 1 Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; Department of Medical Oncology, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Chrystel Marton
- 1 Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; Department of Medical Oncology, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Marina Deschamps
- 1 Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; Department of Medical Oncology, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Ferrand
- 1 Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; Department of Medical Oncology, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Charline Vauchy
- 1 Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; Department of Medical Oncology, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Clément Chenut
- 1 Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; Department of Medical Oncology, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Aurélie Baguet
- 2 EA3181, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , F-25000 Besançon, France; and Department of Medical Oncology, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Olivier Adotévi
- 1 Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; Department of Medical Oncology, F-25000 Besançon, France .,3 University Hospital of Besançon , Department of Medical Oncology, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Borg
- 1 Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; Department of Medical Oncology, F-25000 Besançon, France .,3 University Hospital of Besançon , Department of Medical Oncology, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Jeanne Galaine
- 1 Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; Department of Medical Oncology, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Yann Godet
- 1 Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; Department of Medical Oncology, F-25000 Besançon, France
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8
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Schooten E, Di Maggio A, van Bergen en Henegouwen PM, Kijanka MM. MAGE-A antigens as targets for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 67:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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T lymphocytes facilitate brain metastasis of breast cancer by inducing Guanylate-Binding Protein 1 expression. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 135:581-599. [PMID: 29350274 PMCID: PMC5978929 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1806-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of genes and molecular pathways involved in the formation of brain metastasis would direct the development of therapeutic strategies to prevent this deadly complication of cancer. By comparing gene expression profiles of Estrogen Receptor negative (ER-) primary breast tumors between patients who developed metastasis to brain and to organs other than brain, we found that T lymphocytes promote the formation of brain metastases. To functionally test the ability of T cells to promote brain metastasis, we used an in vitro blood–brain barrier (BBB) model. By co-culturing T lymphocytes with breast cancer cells, we confirmed that T cells increase the ability of breast cancer cells to cross the BBB. Proteomics analysis of the tumor cells revealed Guanylate-Binding Protein 1 (GBP1) as a key T lymphocyte-induced protein that enables breast cancer cells to cross the BBB. The GBP1 gene appeared to be up-regulated in breast cancer of patients who developed brain metastasis. Silencing of GBP1 reduced the ability of breast cancer cells to cross the in vitro BBB model. In addition, the findings were confirmed in vivo in an immunocompetent syngeneic mouse model. Co-culturing of ErbB2 tumor cells with activated T cells induced a significant increase in Gbp1 expression by the cancer cells. Intracardial inoculation of the co-cultured tumor cells resulted in preferential seeding to brain. Moreover, intracerebral outgrowth of the tumor cells was demonstrated. The findings point to a role of T cells in the formation of brain metastases in ER- breast cancers, and provide potential targets for intervention to prevent the development of cerebral metastases.
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10
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Anczurowski M, Yamashita Y, Nakatsugawa M, Ochi T, Kagoya Y, Guo T, Wang CH, Rahman MA, Saso K, Butler MO, Hirano N. Mechanisms underlying the lack of endogenous processing and CLIP-mediated binding of the invariant chain by HLA-DP 84Gly. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4804. [PMID: 29555965 PMCID: PMC5859192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While the principles of classical antigen presentation via MHC class II are well-established, the mechanisms for the many routes of cross-presentation by which endogenous antigens become associated with class II molecules are not fully understood. We have recently demonstrated that the single amino acid polymorphism HLA-DPβ84Gly (DP84Gly) is critical to abrogate class II invariant chain associated peptide (CLIP) region-mediated binding of invariant chain (Ii) to DP, allowing endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident endogenous antigens to constitutively associate with DP84Gly such as DP4. In this study, we demonstrate that both the CLIP and N-terminal non-CLIP Ii regions cooperatively generate an Ii conformation that cannot associate with DP84Gly via the CLIP region. We also demonstrate the ability of DP4 to efficiently process and present antigens encoded in place of CLIP in a chimeric Ii, regardless of wild type Ii and HLA-DM expression. These data highlight the complex interplay between DP polymorphisms and the multiple Ii regions that cooperatively regulate this association, ultimately controlling the presentation of endogenous antigens on DP molecules. These results may also offer a mechanistic explanation for recent studies identifying the differential effects between DP84Gly and DP84Asp as clinically relevant in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Anczurowski
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yuki Yamashita
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Munehide Nakatsugawa
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Toshiki Ochi
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Yuki Kagoya
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Tingxi Guo
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Chung-Hsi Wang
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Muhammed A Rahman
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Kayoko Saso
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Naoto Hirano
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada. .,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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11
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Wang Y, Song X, Zheng Y, Liu Z, Li Y, Qian X, Pang X, Zhang Y, Yin Y. Cancer/testis Antigen MAGEA3 Interacts with STAT1 and Remodels the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:1702-1712. [PMID: 30588194 PMCID: PMC6299422 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.27643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-testis antigen MAGEA3, being restrictedly expressed in testis and various kinds of tumors, has long been considered as an ideal target for immunotherapy. In this study, we report that MAGEA3 interacts with STAT1 and regulates the expression of tyrosine phosphorylated STAT1 (pY-STAT1) in tumor cells. We show that pY-STAT1 is significantly up-regulated when MAGEA3 is silenced by MAGEA3-specific siRNA. RNA sequencing analysis identified 274 STAT1-related genes to be significantly altered in expression level in MAGEA3 knockdown cells. Further analysis of these differentially expressed genes with GO enrichment and KEGG pathway revealed that they are mainly enriched in plasma membrane, extracellular region and MHC class I protein complex, and involved in the interferon signaling pathways, immune response, antigen presentation and cell chemotaxis. The differentially expressed genes associated with chemokines, antigen presentation and vasculogenic mimicry formation were validated by biological experiments. Matrigel matrix-based tube formation assay showed that silencing MAGEA3 in tumor cells impairs tumor vasculogenic mimicry formation. These data indicate that MAGEA3 expression in tumor cells is associated with immune cells infiltration into tumor microenvironment and anti-tumor immune responses, implying that it may play an important role in tumor immune escape. Our findings reveal the potential impact of MAGEA3 on the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and will provide promising strategies for improving the efficacy of MAGEA3-targeted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao Song
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yutian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoping Qian
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuewen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanhui Yin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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12
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Massa C, Robins H, Desmarais C, Riemann D, Fahldieck C, Fornara P, Seliger B. Identification of patient-specific and tumor-shared T cell receptor sequences in renal cell carcinoma patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21212-21228. [PMID: 28177902 PMCID: PMC5400578 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A major requirement for cancer immunotherapy is the development of biomarkers for prognosis and for monitoring therapy response. In an attempt to evaluate the immune response of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients, tumor lesions and / or blood samples from 12 RCC patients underwent deep T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing. Despite the low number of samples, different TCR distribution patterns could be detected. Most of the RCC patients presented "patient-specific" TCR sequences, and those clonotypes were present at higher frequency in tumor lesions suggesting a specific extravasation from the blood. Comparison among the tumor samples revealed also "patient-shared" TCR patterns. Indeed, a central core of 16 different TCRs were shared by 3 patients, whereas other 6 patients shared between 4 and 6 TCR sequences, with two sub-groups sharing 12 to 17 different clonotypes. The relative frequencies of shared clonotypes were very different varying from < 1% to a maximum of 37% of the total TCR repertoire. These data confirm the presence of tumor-specific TCR within the cancer tissue and suggest the existence of shared epitopes among different patients that might be used as targets for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Massa
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale 06112, Germany
| | - Harlan Robins
- Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | | | - Dagmar Riemann
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale 06112, Germany
| | - Corinna Fahldieck
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale 06112, Germany
| | - Paolo Fornara
- Clinic of Urology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale 06112, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale 06112, Germany
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13
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Zhou G, Sprengers D, Boor PPC, Doukas M, Schutz H, Mancham S, Pedroza-Gonzalez A, Polak WG, de Jonge J, Gaspersz M, Dong H, Thielemans K, Pan Q, IJzermans JNM, Bruno MJ, Kwekkeboom J. Antibodies Against Immune Checkpoint Molecules Restore Functions of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinomas. Gastroenterology 2017. [PMID: 28648905 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Ligand binding to inhibitory receptors on immune cells, such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA4), down-regulates the T-cell-mediated immune response (called immune checkpoints). Antibodies that block these receptors increase antitumor immunity in patients with melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and renal cell cancer. Tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been found to be functionally compromised. We analyzed HCC samples from patients to determine if these inhibitory pathways prevent T-cell responses in HCCs and to find ways to restore their antitumor functions. METHODS We collected HCC samples from 59 patients who underwent surgical resection from November 2013 through May 2017, along with tumor-free liver tissues (control tissues) and peripheral blood samples. We isolated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and intra-hepatic lymphocytes. We used flow cytometry to quantify expression of the inhibitory receptors PD-1, hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (TIM3), lymphocyte activating 3 (LAG3), and CTLA4 on CD8+ and CD4+ T cells from tumor, control tissue, and blood; we studied the effects of antibodies that block these pathways in T-cell activation assays. RESULTS Expression of PD-1, TIM3, LAG3, and CTLA4 was significantly higher on CD8+ and CD4+ T cells isolated from HCC tissue than control tissue or blood. Dendritic cells, monocytes, and B cells in HCC tumors expressed ligands for these receptors. Expression of PD-1, TIM3, and LAG3 was higher on tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-specific CD8+ TIL, compared with other CD8+ TIL. Compared with TIL that did not express these inhibitory receptors, CD8+ and CD4+ TIL that did express these receptors had higher levels of markers of activation, but similar or decreased levels of granzyme B and effector cytokines. Antibodies against CD274 (PD-ligand1 [PD-L1]), TIM3, or LAG3 increased proliferation of CD8+ and CD4+ TIL and cytokine production in response to stimulation with polyclonal antigens or TAA. Importantly, combining antibody against PD-L1 with antibodies against TIM3, LAG3, or CTLA4 further increased TIL functions. CONCLUSIONS The immune checkpoint inhibitory molecules PD-1, TIM3, and LAG3 are up-regulated on TAA-specific T cells isolated from human HCC tissues, compared with T cells from tumor-free liver tissues or blood. Antibodies against PD-L1, TIM3, or LAG3 restore responses of HCC-derived T cells to tumor antigens, and combinations of the antibodies have additive effects. Strategies to block PD-L1, TIM3, and LAG3 might be developed for treatment of primary liver cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- CTLA-4 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- CTLA-4 Antigen/immunology
- CTLA-4 Antigen/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2/immunology
- Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Tumor Escape/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Up-Regulation
- Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dave Sprengers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick P C Boor
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michail Doukas
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hannah Schutz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shanta Mancham
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Wojciech G Polak
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Jonge
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcia Gaspersz
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Haidong Dong
- Department of Urology and Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit, Brussels, and eTheRNA immunotherapies NV, Niel, Belgium
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marco J Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Kwekkeboom
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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14
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Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) with CAIX CAR-engineered T-cells-a completed study overview. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:951-9. [PMID: 27284065 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We studied safety and proof of concept of a phase I/II trial with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). The CAR was based on the G250 mAb that recognized an epitope of carboxy-anhydrase-IX (CAIX). Twelve patients with CAIX+ mRCC were treated in three cohorts with a maximum of 10 daily infusions of 2×10(7) to 2×10(9) CAR T-cells. Circulating CAR T-cells were transiently detectable in all patients and maintained antigen-specific immune functions following their isolation post-treatment. Blood cytokine profiles mirrored CAR T-cell presence and in vivo activity. Unfortunately, patients developed anti-CAR T-cell antibodies and cellular immune responses. Moreover, CAR T-cell infusions induced liver enzyme disturbances reaching CTC grades 2-4, which necessitated cessation of treatment in four out of eight patients (cohort 1+2). Examination of liver biopsies revealed T-cell infiltration around bile ducts and CAIX expression on bile duct epithelium, adding to the notion of on-target toxicity. No such toxicities were observed in four patients that were pretreated with G250 mAb (cohort 3). The study was stopped due to the advent of competing treatments before reaching therapeutic or maximum tolerated dose in cohort 3. No clinical responses have been recorded. Despite that, from this trial numerous recommendations for future trials and their immune monitoring could be formulated, such as choice of the target antigen, format and immunogenicity of receptor and how the latter relates to peripheral T-cell persistence.
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15
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Yamashita Y, Anczurowski M, Nakatsugawa M, Tanaka M, Kagoya Y, Sinha A, Chamoto K, Ochi T, Guo T, Saso K, Butler MO, Minden MD, Kislinger T, Hirano N. HLA-DP 84Gly constitutively presents endogenous peptides generated by the class I antigen processing pathway. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15244. [PMID: 28489076 PMCID: PMC5436232 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical antigen processing leads to the presentation of antigenic peptides derived from endogenous and exogenous sources for MHC class I and class II molecules, respectively. Here we show that, unlike other class II molecules, prevalent HLA-DP molecules with β-chains encoding Gly84 (DP84Gly) constitutively present endogenous peptides. DP84Gly does not bind invariant chain (Ii) via the class II-associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP) region, nor does it present CLIP. However, Ii does facilitate the transport of DP84Gly from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the endosomal/lysosomal pathway by transiently binding DP84Gly via a non-CLIP region(s) in a pH-sensitive manner. Accordingly, like class I, DP84Gly constitutively presents endogenous peptides processed by the proteasome and transported to the ER by the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). Therefore, DP84Gly, found only in common chimpanzees and humans, uniquely uses both class I and II antigen-processing pathways to present peptides derived from intracellular and extracellular sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamashita
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Mark Anczurowski
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Munehide Nakatsugawa
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Makito Tanaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Yuki Kagoya
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Ankit Sinha
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Kenji Chamoto
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Toshiki Ochi
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Tingxi Guo
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Kayoko Saso
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Mark D Minden
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Naoto Hirano
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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16
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Chen X, Wang L, Liu J, Huang L, Yang L, Gao Q, Shi X, Li J, Li F, Zhang Z, Zhao S, Zhang B, Van der Bruggen P, Zhang Y. Expression and prognostic relevance of MAGE-A3 and MAGE-C2 in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1609-1618. [PMID: 28454298 PMCID: PMC5403542 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE)-A3 and MAGE-C2 are antigens encoded by cancer-germline genes, and have been recognized as potential prognostic biomarkers and attractive targets for immunotherapy in multiple types of cancer. The present study aimed to analyze the clinicopathological significance of MAGE-A3/C2 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The association between MAGE-A3/C2 mRNA and protein expression, and the pathological characteristics and overall survival of patients with NSCLC was analyzed. In addition, the functional role of MAGE-A3 in human NSCLC cell line A549 was examined in vitro. MAGE-A3/C2 mRNA expression was identified in 73% (151/206) and 53% (109/206) of patients with NSCLC, respectively. MAGE-A3/C2 protein expression was identified in 58% (44/76) and 53% (40/76) of NSCLC cases, respectively. MAGE-A3 mRNA expression was observed to be associated with smoking history, disease stage and lymph node metastasis. However, no association was identified between MAGE-C2 mRNA expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with NSCLC. MAGE-A3/C2-positive patients had a poorer survival rate compared with MAGE-A3/C2-negative patients. Multivariate analysis identified that MAGE-A3 expression may serve as an independent marker of poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC. Downregulation of MAGE-A3 mRNA expression in A549 cells resulted in lower migration and colony formation rates, and a higher amount of epithelial marker and lower amount of mesenchymal marker expression compared with the control group. These results indicate that MAGE-A3 serves a role in NSCLC cell metastasis through the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In conclusion, MAGE-A3 may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for patients with NSCLC, due to its association with tumor progression and poor clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Chen
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Lan Huang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Qun Gao
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Shi
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jieyao Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Cerebral Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Pierre Van der Bruggen
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels Branch, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China.,Engineering Key Laboratory for Cell Therapy of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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17
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Kunert A, van Brakel M, van Steenbergen-Langeveld S, da Silva M, Coulie PG, Lamers C, Sleijfer S, Debets R. MAGE-C2-Specific TCRs Combined with Epigenetic Drug-Enhanced Antigenicity Yield Robust and Tumor-Selective T Cell Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2541-52. [PMID: 27489285 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy has shown significant clinical success for patients with advanced melanoma and other tumors. Further development of T cell therapy requires improved strategies to select effective, yet nonself-reactive, TCRs. In this study, we isolated 10 TCR sequences against four MAGE-C2 (MC2) epitopes from melanoma patients who showed clinical responses following vaccination that were accompanied by significant frequencies of anti-MC2 CD8 T cells in blood and tumor without apparent side effects. We introduced these TCRs into T cells, pretreated tumor cells of different histological origins with the epigenetic drugs azacytidine and valproate, and tested tumor and self-reactivities of these TCRs. Pretreatment of tumor cells upregulated MC2 gene expression and enhanced recognition by T cells. In contrast, a panel of normal cell types did not express MC2 mRNA, and similar pretreatment did not result in recognition by MC2-directed T cells. Interestingly, the expression levels of MC2, but not those of CD80, CD86, or programmed death-ligand 1 or 2, correlated with T cell responsiveness. One of the tested TCRs consistently recognized pretreated MC2(+) cell lines from melanoma, head and neck, bladder, and triple-negative breast cancers but showed no response to MHC-eluted peptides or peptides highly similar to MC2. We conclude that targeting MC2 Ag, combined with epigenetic drug-enhanced antigenicity, allows for significant and tumor-selective T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Kunert
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Mandy van Brakel
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Sabine van Steenbergen-Langeveld
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Marvin da Silva
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Pierre G Coulie
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cor Lamers
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Stefan Sleijfer
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Reno Debets
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
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18
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Parida SK, Poiret T, Zhenjiang L, Meng Q, Heyckendorf J, Lange C, Ambati AS, Rao MV, Valentini D, Ferrara G, Rangelova E, Dodoo E, Zumla A, Maeurer M. T-Cell Therapy: Options for Infectious Diseases. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 61Suppl 3:S217-24. [PMID: 26409284 PMCID: PMC4583575 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis is challenging tuberculosis control worldwide. In the absence of an effective vaccine to prevent primary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and tuberculosis disease, host-directed therapies may offer therapeutic options, particularly for patients with multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis where prognosis is often limited. CD8+ and CD4+ T cells mediate antigen-specific adaptive cellular immune responses. Their use in precision immunotherapy in clinical conditions, especially in treating cancer as well as for prevention of life-threatening viral infections in allogeneic transplant recipients, demonstrated safety and clinical efficacy. We review key achievements in T-cell therapy, including the use of recombinant immune recognition molecules (eg, T-cell receptors and CD19 chimeric antigen receptors), and discuss its potential in the clinical management of patients with drug-resistant and refractory tuberculosis failing conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreemanta K Parida
- Therapeutic Immunology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Thomas Poiret
- Therapeutic Immunology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Liu Zhenjiang
- Therapeutic Immunology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Qingda Meng
- Therapeutic Immunology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Jan Heyckendorf
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, German Center for Infection Research, Research Center Borstel
| | - Christoph Lange
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, German Center for Infection Research, Research Center Borstel International Health/Infectious Diseases, University of Lübeck, Germany Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Aditya S Ambati
- Therapeutic Immunology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Martin V Rao
- Therapeutic Immunology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Davide Valentini
- Therapeutic Immunology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Elena Rangelova
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology
| | - Ernest Dodoo
- Therapeutic Immunology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Maeurer
- Therapeutic Immunology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
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Siddiqui I, Erreni M, van Brakel M, Debets R, Allavena P. Enhanced recruitment of genetically modified CX3CR1-positive human T cells into Fractalkine/CX3CL1 expressing tumors: importance of the chemokine gradient. J Immunother Cancer 2016; 4:21. [PMID: 27096098 PMCID: PMC4836203 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adoptive T-cell based immunotherapies constitute a promising approach to treat cancer, however, a major problem is to obtain effective and long-lasting anti-tumor responses. Lack of response may be due to insufficient trafficking of specific T cells to tumors. A key requirement for efficient migration of cytotoxic T cells is that they express chemokine receptors that match the chemokines produced by tumor or tumor-associated cells. Methods In this study, we investigated whether the in vivo tumor trafficking of activated T cells could be enhanced by the expression of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1. Two human colorectal cancer cell lines were used to set up a xenograft tumor model in immunodeficient mice; the NCI-H630, constitutively expressing the chemokine ligand CX3CL1 (Fractalkine), and the RKO cell line, transduced to express CX3CL1. Results Human primary T cells were transduced with the receptor CX3CR1-eGFP. Upon in vivo adoptive transfer of genetically modified CX3CR1-T cells in mice bearing NCI-H630 tumors, enhanced lymphocyte migration and tumor trafficking were observed, compared to mice receiving Mock-T cells, indicating improved homing ability towards ligand-expressing tumor cells. Furthermore, significant inhibition of tumor growth was found in mice receiving modified CX3CR1-T cells. In contrast, tumors formed by RKO cells transduced with the ligand (RKO-CX3CL1) were not affected, nor more infiltrated upon transfer of CX3CR1-T lymphocytes, likely because high levels of the chemokine were shed by tumor cells in the systemic circulation, thus nullifying the blood-tissue chemokine gradient. Conclusions This study demonstrates that ectopic expression of CX3CR1 enhanced the homing of adoptively transferred T cells towards CX3CL1-producing tumors, resulting in increased T cell infiltration in tumor tissues and decreased tumor growth. Our results also establish that a correct chemokine gradient between the systemic circulation and the tumor is an essential requirement in adoptive T-cell based immunotherapy to efficiently recruit T cell effectors at the correct sites. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40425-016-0125-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Siddiqui
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan Italy ; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Marco Erreni
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan Italy
| | - Mandy van Brakel
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reno Debets
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Allavena
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan Italy
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TCR-engineered T cells to treat tumors: Seeing but not touching? Semin Immunol 2016; 28:10-21. [PMID: 26997556 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of T cells gene-engineered with T cell receptors (TCRs) has proven its feasibility and therapeutic potential in the treatment of malignant tumors. To ensure further clinical development of TCR gene therapy, it is necessary to accurately select TCRs that demonstrate antigen-selective responses that are restricted to tumor cells and, at the same time, include strategies that restore or enhance the entry, migration and local accumulation of T cells in tumor tissues. Here, we present the current standing of TCR-engineered T cell therapy, discuss and propose procedures to select TCRs as well as strategies to sensitize the tumor to T cell trafficking, and provide a rationale for combination therapies with TCR-engineered T cells.
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21
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Engineered cytotoxic T lymphocytes with AFP-specific TCR gene for adoptive immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:799-806. [PMID: 26250457 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and could serve as a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) and potential target for adoptive immunotherapy. However, low frequency and severe functional impairment of AFP-specific T cells in vivo hamper adoptive infusion. TAA-specific T cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer could be an efficient and reliable alternation to generate AFP-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Autologous dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with AFP158-166 peptides were used to stimulate AFP-specific CTLs. TCR α/β chain genes of AFP-specific CTLs were cloned and linked by 2A peptide to form full-length TCR coding sequence synthesized into a lentiviral vector. Nonspecific activated T cells were engineered by lentivirus infection. Transgenetic CTLs were evaluated for transfection efficiency, expression of AFP158-166-specific TCR, interferon (IFN)-γ secretion, and specific cytotoxicity toward AFP+ HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry revealed the AFP158-166-MHC-Pentamer positive transgenetic CTLs was 9.86 %. The number of IFN-γ secretion T cells and the specific cytotoxicity toward HpeG2 in vitro and in tumor-bearing NOD/SCID mice were significantly raised in transgenetic CTLs than that of AFP158-166-specific CTLs obtained by peptide-pulsed DCs or control group. TCR gene transfer is a promising strategy to generate AFP158-166-specific CTLs for the treatment of HCC.
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22
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Lamers CHJ, van Steenbergen-Langeveld S, van Brakel M, Groot-van Ruijven CM, van Elzakker PMML, van Krimpen B, Sleijfer S, Debets R. T cell receptor-engineered T cells to treat solid tumors: T cell processing toward optimal T cell fitness. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2015; 25:345-57. [PMID: 25423330 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2014.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy with autologous T cells that have been gene-engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) or T cell receptors (TCR) provides a feasible and broadly applicable treatment for cancer patients. In a clinical study in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients with CAR T cells specific for carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), we observed toxicities that (most likely) indicated in vivo function of CAR T cells as well as low T cell persistence and clinical response rates. The latter observations were confirmed by later clinical trials in other solid tumor types and other gene-modified T cells. To improve the efficacy of T cell therapy, we have redefined in vitro conditions to generate T cells with young phenotype, a key correlate with clinical outcome. For their impact on gene-modified T cell phenotype and function, we have tested various anti-CD3/CD28 mAb-based T cell activation and expansion conditions as well as several cytokines prior to and/or after gene transfer using two different receptors: CAIX CAR and MAGE-C2(ALK)/HLA-A2 TCR. In a total set of 16 healthy donors, we observed that T cell activation with soluble anti-CD3/CD28 mAbs in the presence of both IL15 and IL21 prior to TCR gene transfer resulted in enhanced proportions of gene-modified T cells with a preferred in vitro phenotype and better function. T cells generated according to these processing methods demonstrated enhanced binding of pMHC, and an enhanced proportion of CD8+, CD27+, CD62L+, CD45RA+T cells. These new conditions will be translated into a GMP protocol in preparation of a clinical adoptive therapy trial to treat patients with MAGE-C2-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cor H J Lamers
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute , 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Overexpression of MAGE-A9 predicts unfavorable outcome in breast cancer. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 97:579-84. [PMID: 25445503 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma-associated antigens (MAGEs) are a group of well-characterized members of the cancer/testis antigen (CTA) family, which is one of the largest groups of human tumor-associated antigens. MAGE-A9 is a particular member in the context of the MAGE-A gene family and was defined as presenting prognostic relevance in certain type of human cancer. However, the expression of MAGE-A9 in invasive ductal breast cancer (IDC) and the relationship with the clinical attributes of IDC, especially prognostic characteristic, remain poorly understood. In this present study, one-step quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (18 fresh-frozen IDC tissues and corresponding non-cancerous tissues) and immunohistochemistry by tissue microarrays (82 IDC tissue samples and 70 matched tumor-adjacent non-cancerous tissue samples) were performed to characterize expression of the MAGE-A9 gene in IDC. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the prognosis of IDC. The results of qPCR and IHC analysis showed that the expression of MAGE-A9 in IDC was significantly higher than that in corresponding non-cancerous tissue. Moreover, the expression level of MAGE-A9 protein in IDC was significantly related to histological grade (p = 0.011) and distant metastasis (p = 0.019). Multivariate analysis with the Cox regression model showed that MAGE-A9 protein expression (p = 0.009), histological grade (p = 0.014), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.012) and distant metastasis (p = 0.011) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival of IDC patients. The data suggest that MAGE-A9 expression is correlated with malignant attributes of IDC and it may serve as a novel prognostic factor and an ideal candidate for targeted therapy in IDC treatment.
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24
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High expression of MAGE-A9 correlates with unfavorable survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6625. [PMID: 25315972 PMCID: PMC4197415 DOI: 10.1038/srep06625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma-associated antigens (MAGE)-A9 has been reported to play important roles in the development of human cancers. However, the association between MAGE-A9 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well understood. The study was to detect the expression of MAGE-A9 in human HCC and investigate the association between its expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of HCC. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), one-step quantitative -PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses were performed to characterize the expression of MAGE-A9 in HCC cell lines and tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were employed to evaluate the prognosis of 100 HCC patients. The results showed that the expression of MAGE-A9 in HCC was significantly higher than that in non-cancerous cells and tissues. Moreover, the expression level of the MAGE-A9 protein in HCC was related to the pathological grade (p = 0.003), portal vein invasion (p = 0.001), distant metastasis (p = 0.022) and TNM stage (p = 0.005). Cox regression analysis further revealed that MAGE-A9 expression is an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (p = 0.006) and overall survival (p = 0.022). These data are the first to indicate that MAGE-A9 expression is a valuable prognostic biomarker for HCC and that high MAGE-A9 expression suggests unfavorable survival outcomes in HCC patients.
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25
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Combined analysis of serum alpha-fetoprotein and MAGE-A3-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in peripheral blood for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 35:915-23. [PMID: 24427779 PMCID: PMC3881391 DOI: 10.1155/2013/907394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the feasibility of the combined detection of HLA-A2/MAGE-A3 epitope-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) for specific diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We detected the frequency of MAGE-A3 epitopes (p112–120, KVAELVHFL) in spontaneous CTLs in the peripheral blood of HCC patients, liver cirrhosis patients, and healthy subjects with HLA-A2/polypeptide complex (pentamer) detection technology. Eighty-five HCC cases, 38 liver cirrhosis cases, and 50 healthy cases who were HLA-A2-positive were selected from 175 HCC patients, 80 patients with liver cirrhosis, and 105 healthy volunteers, respectively. The frequency of HLA-A2-specific MAGE-A3+ CTLs in the HCC group was significantly higher than that in the other groups. Combined detection of MAGE-A3+ CTL frequency and serum AFP value had a higher specificity than either of the two indicators alone. The pentamer technique is helpful in distinguishing benign lesions and malignant lesions in the liver. Combined with serum AFP, it can improve the diagnosis performance for HCC, especially for AFP-negative cancer.
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26
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Allorecognition of HLA-DP by CD4+ T cells is affected by polymorphism in its alpha chain. Mol Immunol 2014; 59:19-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yang F, Zhou X, Miao X, Zhang T, Hang X, Tie R, Liu N, Tian F, Wang F, Yuan J. MAGEC2, an epithelial-mesenchymal transition inducer, is associated with breast cancer metastasis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 145:23-32. [PMID: 24687377 PMCID: PMC3984411 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-2915-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
MAGEC2 is a member of melanoma antigen (MAGE) family of cancer-testis antigens and associated with tumor relapse and metastasis. Here, we investigated the expression of MAGEC2 in patients with breast cancer and its clinical effects with underlying mechanisms. The expression levels of MAGEC2 were compared between 420 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and 120 ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Correlations between MAGEC2 expression and clinico-pathologic factors or survival of patients with IDC were analyzed. In addition, MAGEC2 expression levels in tumor tissues dissected from the primary focus and matched tumor-invaded axillary lymph nodes were analyzed in 8 breast cancer patients. The functional effects of MAGEC2 overexpression were assessed in vitro using scratch assay and transwell chamber assay. MAGEC2 expression was increased in metastatic breast cancer in comparison to the non-metastatic. MAGEC2 expression was significantly associated with ER negative expression (P = 0.037), high tumor grade (P = 0.014) and stage (P = 0.002), high incidence of axillary lymph node metastasis (P = 0.013), and distant metastasis (P = 0.004). Patients with tumor with MAGEC2 positive expression have a worse prognosis and a shorter metastasis free interval. Multivariate analyses showed that MAGEC2 expression was an independent risk factor for patient overall survival and metastasis-free survival. Breast cancer cells that overexpressed MAGEC2 had stronger migratory and invasive potential than control-treated cells. Epithelial markers (E-cadherin and cytokeratin) were down-regulated in MAGEC2-overexpressing cells compared to controls, whereas mesenchymal markers (vimentin and fibronectin) were upregulated. Our results indicate that MAGEC2 has a role in breast cancer metastasis through inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In addition, MAGEC2 is a novel independent poor prognostic factor in patients with IDC. Thus, targeting MAGEC2 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 Shaanxi Province China
| | - Xingchun Zhou
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province China
| | - Xia Miao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, College of Preventive Medicine, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaojun Hang
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province China
| | - Ru Tie
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province China
| | - Nan Liu
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province China
| | - Fei Tian
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province China
| | - Fuli Wang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 Shaanxi Province China
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 Shaanxi Province China
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28
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Mitić NS, Pavlović MD, Jandrlić DR. Epitope distribution in ordered and disordered protein regions - part A. T-cell epitope frequency, affinity and hydropathy. J Immunol Methods 2014; 406:83-103. [PMID: 24614036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Highly disordered protein regions are prevalently hydrophilic, extremely sensitive to proteolysis in vitro, and are expected to be under-represented as T-cell epitopes. The aim of this research was to find out whether disorder and hydropathy prediction methods could help in understanding epitope processing and presentation. According to the pan-specific T-cell epitope predictors NetMHCpan and NetMHCIIpan and 9 publicly available disorder predictors, frequency of epitopes presented by human leukocyte antigens (HLA) class-I or -II was found to be more than 2.5 times higher in ordered than in disordered protein regions (depending on the disorder predictor). Both HLA class-I and HLA class-II binding epitopes are prevalently hydrophilic in disordered and prevalently hydrophobic in ordered protein regions, whereas epitopes recognized by HLA class-II alleles are more hydrophobic than those recognized by HLA class-I. As regards both classes of HLA molecules, high-affinity binding epitopes display more hydrophobicity than low affinity-binding epitopes (in both ordered and disordered regions). Epitopes belonging to disordered protein regions were not predicted to have poor affinity to HLA class-II molecules, as expected from disorder intrinsic proteolytic instability. The relation of epitope hydrophobicity and order/disorder location was also valid if alleles were grouped according to the HLA class-I and HLA class-II supertypes, except for the class-I supertype A3 in which the main part of recognized epitopes was prevalently hydrophilic. Regarding specific supertypes, the affinity of epitopes belonging to ordered regions varies only slightly (depending on the disorder predictor) compared to the affinity of epitopes in corresponding disordered regions. The distribution of epitopes in ordered and disordered protein regions has revealed that the curves of order-epitope distribution were convex-like while the curves of disorder-epitope distribution were concave-like. The percentage of prevalently hydrophobic epitopes increases with the enhancement of epitope promiscuity level and moving from disordered to ordered regions. These data suggests that reverse vaccinology, oriented towards promiscuous and high-affinity epitopes, is also oriented towards prevalently hydrophobic, ordered regions. The analysis of predicted and experimentally evaluated epitopes of cancer-testis antigen MAGE-A3 has confirmed that the majority of T-cell epitopes, particularly those that are promiscuous or naturally processed, was located in ordered and disorder/order boundary protein regions overlapping hydrophobic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad S Mitić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mathematics, P.O.B. 550, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Mirjana D Pavlović
- University of Belgrade, Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12/V, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Davorka R Jandrlić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kraljice Marije 16, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Philiponnet A, Grange JD, Baggetto LG. [Application of gene therapy to oncologic ophthalmology]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2014; 37:155-65. [PMID: 24503203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953 by Watson and Crick, our understanding of the genetic causes and the regulations involved in tumor development have hugely increased. The important amount of research developed since then has led to the development of gene therapy, which specifically targets and treats cancer cells by interacting with, and correcting their genetic material. This study is a review of the most accomplished research using gene therapy aimed at treating malignant ophthalmologic diseases, and focuses more specifically on uveal melanoma and retinoblastoma. Such approaches are remarkable regarding the efficiency and the cellular targeting specificity. However, gene therapy-based treatments are so recent that many long-term interrogations subsist. The majority of the reviewed studies are conducted in vitro or in murine models, thereby requiring several years before the resulting therapies become part of the daily ophthalmologists' arsenal. However, the recent spectacular developments based on advanced scientific knowledge justify an up-to-date review that would benefit the ophthalmologist community.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Philiponnet
- Clinique ophtalmologique universitaire, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 103, Grande-rue-de-la-Croix-Rousse, 69317 Lyon cedex 04, France
| | - J-D Grange
- Clinique ophtalmologique universitaire, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 103, Grande-rue-de-la-Croix-Rousse, 69317 Lyon cedex 04, France
| | - L G Baggetto
- UMR5305, laboratoire de biologie tissulaire & ingénierie thérapeutique (LBTI), CNRS UCBL, 7, Passage-du-Vercors, 69367 Lyon cedex 07, France.
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30
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Lamers CH, Sleijfer S, van Steenbergen S, van Elzakker P, van Krimpen B, Groot C, Vulto A, den Bakker M, Oosterwijk E, Debets R, Gratama JW. Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with CAIX CAR-engineered T cells: clinical evaluation and management of on-target toxicity. Mol Ther 2013; 21:904-12. [PMID: 23423337 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 499] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous T cells genetically modified to express a chimeric antibody receptor (CAR) against carboxy-anhydrase-IX (CAIX) were administered to 12 patients with CAIX-expressing metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Patients were treated in three cohorts with a maximum of 10 infusions of a total of 0.2 to 2.1 × 10(9) CAR T cells. CTC grade 2-4 liver enzyme disturbances occurred at the lowest CAR T cell doses, necessitating cessation of treatment in four out of eight patients in cohorts 1 and 2. Examination of liver biopsies revealed CAIX expression on bile duct epithelium with infiltration of T cells, including CAR T cells. Subsequently four patients were pre-treated with CAIX monoclonal antibody (mAb) G250 to prevent CAR-specific toxicity and showed no liver toxicities and indications for enhanced peripheral T cell persistence. No clinical responses were recorded. This report shows that CAIX-targeting CAR T cells exerted antigen-specific effects in vivo and induced liver toxicity at the lowest dose of 0.2 × 10(9) T cells applied, illustrating the potency of receptor-modified T cells. We provide in-patient proof that the observed "on-target" toxicity is antigen-directed and can be prevented by blocking antigenic sites in off-tumor organs and allowing higher T cell doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cor Hj Lamers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center - Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
T-cell immunotherapy is a promising approach to treat disseminated cancer. However, it has been limited by the ability to isolate and expand T cells restricted to tumour-associated antigens. Using ex vivo gene transfer, T cells from patients can be genetically engineered to express a novel T cell receptor or chimeric antigen receptor to specifically recognize a tumour-associated antigen and thereby selectively kill tumour cells. Indeed, genetically engineered T cells have recently been successfully used for cancer treatment in a small number of patients. Here we review the recent progress in the field, and summarize the challenges that lie ahead and the strategies being used to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Essand
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Weigand LU, Liang X, Schmied S, Mall S, Klar R, Stötzer OJ, Salat C, Götze K, Mautner J, Peschel C, Krackhardt AM. Isolation of human MHC class II-restricted T cell receptors from the autologous T-cell repertoire with potent anti-leukaemic reactivity. Immunology 2012; 137:226-38. [PMID: 23025755 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of T cells genetically modified with tumour-specific T-cell receptors (TCR) is a promising novel approach in the treatment of cancer. We have previously isolated an allorestricted MHC class I-restricted TCR with specificity for Formin-like protein 1 (FMNL1) with potent activity against chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells. CD4(+) T cells have been described to be highly important for tumour elimination although TCR derived from CD4(+) T cells with anti-tumour reactivity have been only rarely described. In this study we aimed to isolate MHC class-II-restricted CD4(+) T cells and TCR with specificity for leukaemia antigens. We used professional antigen-presenting cells pulsed with the leukaemia-associated and tumour-associated antigen FMNL1 for stimulation of autologous T cells in vitro. We isolated two CD4(+) HLA-DR-restricted T-cell clones and T-cell-derived TCR with so far unknown specificity but high reactivity against lymphoma cells and native malignant cells derived from HLA-matched patients with diverse leukaemias. Moreover, characterization of the TCR after TCR gene transfer revealed that specific characteristics of isolated TCR as reactivity in response to Toll-like receptors were transferable on effector cells. Our results have a major impact on the development of novel immunotherapies. They demonstrate that TCR with potent HLA-DR-restricted anti-leukaemic reactivity against so far undefined self-restricted antigens can be isolated from the healthy autorestricted CD4(+) T-cell repertoire and these TCR are highly interesting candidate tools for novel immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise U Weigand
- Medizinische Klinik III, Innere Medizin mit Schwerpunkt Hämatologie und Onkologie, Technische Universität München, Münich
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Daniel-Meshulam I, Ya'akobi S, Ankri C, Cohen CJ. How (specific) would like your T-cells today? Generating T-cell therapeutic function through TCR-gene transfer. Front Immunol 2012; 3:186. [PMID: 22783259 PMCID: PMC3390604 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cells are central players in the immune response against both pathogens and cancer. Their specificity is solely dictated by the T-cell receptor (TCR) they clonally express. As such, the genetic modification of T lymphocytes using pathogen- or cancer-specific TCRs represents an appealing strategy to generate a desired immune response from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Moreover, notable objective clinical responses were observed in terminally ill cancer patients treated with TCR-gene modified cells in several clinical trials conducted recently. Nevertheless, several key aspects of this approach are the object of intensive research aimed at improving the reliability and efficacy of this strategy. Herein, we will survey recent studies in the field of TCR-gene transfer dealing with the improvement of this approach and its application for the treatment of malignant, autoimmune, and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Daniel-Meshulam
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences , Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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