1
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Nikitas J, Ong WL, Carrier N, Romero T, Millar J, Steinberg ML, Rettig MB, Boutros PC, Reiter R, Nickols NG, Valle L, McGuire SE, Spratt DE, Souhami L, Roy S, Martin JM, Joseph D, Nabid A, Kishan AU. Prostate-Specific Antigen Response to Androgen Deprivation Therapy in the Neoadjuvant Setting for High-Risk Prostate Adenocarcinoma (PIRANHA): Pooled Analysis of Two Randomized Clinical Trials. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 119:826-831. [PMID: 38151191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A suboptimal prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response to neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) among men who go on to receive definitive radiation therapy for prostate cancer might suggest the existence of castration-resistant disease or altered androgen receptor signaling. This in turn may portend worse long-term clinical outcomes, especially in men with high-risk disease. We set out to evaluate the prognostic impact of poor PSA response to neoadjuvant ADT in men with high-risk prostate cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS This was a post hoc analysis of the multicenter TROG 03.04 RADAR and PCS IV randomized clinical trials. Inclusion criteria for this analysis were patients with high-risk prostate cancer (defined as Gleason score ≥8, initial PSA ≥20 ng/mL, or cT3a disease or higher) who received definitive radiation therapy, at least 18 months of ADT, and had a preradiation therapy PSA level drawn after at least 3 months of neoadjuvant ADT. Poor PSA response was defined as PSA >0.5 ng/mL. Cox regression and Fine-Gray models were used to test whether poor PSA response was associated with metastasis-free survival, biochemical recurrence, prostate-cancer specific mortality, and overall survival. RESULTS Nine hundred thirty men met inclusion criteria for this analysis. Median follow-up was 130 months (interquartile range [IQR], 89-154 months). After a median of 3 months (IQR, 3-4.2 months) of neoadjuvant ADT, the median PSA was 0.60 ng/mL (IQR, 0.29-1.59). Overall, 535 men (57%) had a PSA >0.5 ng/mL. Poor PSA response was associated with significantly worse metastasis-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 3.93; P = .02), worse biochemical recurrence (subdistribution HR, 2.39; P = .003), worse prostate-cancer specific mortality (subdistribution HR, 1.50; P = .005), and worse overall survival (HR, 4.51; P = .05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with PSA >0.5 mg/mL after at least 3 months of neoadjuvant ADT had worse long-term clinical outcomes and should be considered for treatment intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Nikitas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wee Loon Ong
- Alfred Health Radiation Oncology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Heath Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathalie Carrier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tahmineh Romero
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jeremy Millar
- Alfred Health Radiation Oncology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael L Steinberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Matthew B Rettig
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Hematology-Oncology Section, Medicine Service, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert Reiter
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nicholas G Nickols
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Radiation Oncology Service, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Luca Valle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Radiation Oncology Service, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sean E McGuire
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel E Spratt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Luis Souhami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Soumyajit Roy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jarad M Martin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle & School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Joseph
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Genesis Cancer Care, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; 5D Clinics, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Abdenour Nabid
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amar U Kishan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Le TK, Duong QH, Baylot V, Fargette C, Baboudjian M, Colleaux L, Taïeb D, Rocchi P. Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: From Uncovered Resistance Mechanisms to Current Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5047. [PMID: 37894414 PMCID: PMC10605314 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. Despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains a significant medical challenge. Prostate cancer cells can develop mechanisms to resist androgen deprivation therapy, such as AR overexpression, AR mutations, alterations in AR coregulators, increased steroidogenic signaling pathways, outlaw pathways, and bypass pathways. Various treatment options for CRPC exist, including androgen deprivation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, localized or systemic therapeutic radiation, and PARP inhibitors. However, more research is needed to combat CRPC effectively. Further investigation into the underlying mechanisms of the disease and the development of new therapeutic strategies will be crucial in improving patient outcomes. The present work summarizes the current knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms that promote CRPC, including both AR-dependent and independent pathways. Additionally, we provide an overview of the currently approved therapeutic options for CRPC, with special emphasis on chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, PARP inhibitors, and potential combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Khanh Le
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille—CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University U105, 13009 Marseille, France; (T.K.L.); (Q.H.D.); (V.B.); (M.B.); (D.T.)
- European Center for Research in Medical Imaging (CERIMED), Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Quang Hieu Duong
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille—CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University U105, 13009 Marseille, France; (T.K.L.); (Q.H.D.); (V.B.); (M.B.); (D.T.)
- European Center for Research in Medical Imaging (CERIMED), Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Virginie Baylot
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille—CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University U105, 13009 Marseille, France; (T.K.L.); (Q.H.D.); (V.B.); (M.B.); (D.T.)
- European Center for Research in Medical Imaging (CERIMED), Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Christelle Fargette
- European Center for Research in Medical Imaging (CERIMED), Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, La Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Michael Baboudjian
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille—CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University U105, 13009 Marseille, France; (T.K.L.); (Q.H.D.); (V.B.); (M.B.); (D.T.)
- European Center for Research in Medical Imaging (CERIMED), Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Department of Urology AP-HM, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Colleaux
- Faculté de Médecine Timone, INSERM, MMG, U1251, Aix-Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - David Taïeb
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille—CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University U105, 13009 Marseille, France; (T.K.L.); (Q.H.D.); (V.B.); (M.B.); (D.T.)
- European Center for Research in Medical Imaging (CERIMED), Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, La Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Palma Rocchi
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille—CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University U105, 13009 Marseille, France; (T.K.L.); (Q.H.D.); (V.B.); (M.B.); (D.T.)
- European Center for Research in Medical Imaging (CERIMED), Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France;
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Zamora I, Freeman MR, Encío IJ, Rotinen M. Targeting Key Players of Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13673. [PMID: 37761978 PMCID: PMC10531052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a highly aggressive subtype of prostate cancer (PC) that commonly emerges through a transdifferentiation process from prostate adenocarcinoma and evades conventional therapies. Extensive molecular research has revealed factors that drive lineage plasticity, uncovering novel therapeutic targets to be explored. A diverse array of targeting agents is currently under evaluation in pre-clinical and clinical studies with promising results in suppressing or reversing the neuroendocrine phenotype and inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis. This new knowledge has the potential to contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches that may enhance the clinical management and prognosis of this lethal disease. In the present review, we discuss molecular players involved in the neuroendocrine phenotype, and we explore therapeutic strategies that are currently under investigation for NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Zamora
- Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Michael R. Freeman
- Departments of Urology and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ignacio J. Encío
- Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Navarre Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mirja Rotinen
- Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Navarre Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Cartes R, Karim MU, Tisseverasinghe S, Tolba M, Bahoric B, Anidjar M, McPherson V, Probst S, Rompré-Brodeur A, Niazi T. Neoadjuvant versus Concurrent Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Localized Prostate Cancer Treated with Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3363. [PMID: 37444473 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an ongoing debate on the optimal sequencing of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and radiotherapy (RT) in patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa). Recent data favors concurrent ADT and RT over the neoadjuvant approach. METHODS We conducted a systematic review in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Databases assessing the combination and optimal sequencing of ADT and RT for Intermediate-Risk (IR) and High-Risk (HR) PCa. FINDINGS Twenty randomized control trials, one abstract, one individual patient data meta-analysis, and two retrospective studies were selected. HR PCa patients had improved survival outcomes with RT and ADT, particularly when a long-course Neoadjuvant-Concurrent-Adjuvant ADT was used. This benefit was seen in IR PCa when adding short-course ADT, although less consistently. The best available evidence indicates that concurrent over neoadjuvant sequencing is associated with better metastases-free survival at 15 years. Although most patients had IR PCa, HR participants may have been undertreated with short-course ADT and the absence of pelvic RT. Conversely, retrospective data suggests a survival benefit when using the neoadjuvant approach in HR PCa patients. INTERPRETATION The available literature supports concurrent ADT and RT initiation for IR PCa. Neoadjuvant-concurrent-adjuvant sequencing should remain the standard approach for HR PCa and is an option for IR PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Cartes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Muneeb Uddin Karim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | | | - Marwan Tolba
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalhousie University, and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Sydney, NS B1P 1P3, Canada
| | - Boris Bahoric
- Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Maurice Anidjar
- Department of Urology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Victor McPherson
- Department of Urology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Stephan Probst
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | | | - Tamim Niazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
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5
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Zhang L, Troccoli CI, Mateo-Victoriano B, Lincheta LM, Jackson E, Shu P, Plastini T, Tao W, Kwon D, Chen X, Sharma J, Jorda M, Gulley JL, Bilusic M, Lockhart AC, Beuve A, Rai P. The soluble guanylyl cyclase pathway is inhibited to evade androgen deprivation-induced senescence and enable progression to castration resistance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.03.537252. [PMID: 37205442 PMCID: PMC10187243 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.03.537252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is fatal and therapeutically under-served. We describe a novel CRPC-restraining role for the vasodilatory soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) pathway. We discovered that sGC subunits are dysregulated during CRPC progression and its catalytic product, cyclic GMP (cGMP), is lowered in CRPC patients. Abrogating sGC heterodimer formation in castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC) cells inhibited androgen deprivation (AD)-induced senescence, and promoted castration-resistant tumor growth. We found sGC is oxidatively inactivated in CRPC. Paradoxically, AD restored sGC activity in CRPC cells through redox-protective responses evoked to protect against AD-induced oxidative stress. sGC stimulation via its FDA-approved agonist, riociguat, inhibited castration-resistant growth, and the anti-tumor response correlated with elevated cGMP, indicating on-target sGC activity. Consistent with known sGC function, riociguat improved tumor oxygenation, decreasing the PC stem cell marker, CD44, and enhancing radiation-induced tumor suppression. Our studies thus provide the first evidence for therapeutically targeting sGC via riociguat to treat CRPC. Statement of significance Prostate cancer is the second highest cancer-related cause of death for American men. Once patients progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer, the incurable and fatal stage, there are few viable treatment options available. Here we identify and characterize a new and clinically actionable target, the soluble guanylyl cyclase complex, in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Notably we find that repurposing the FDA-approved and safely tolerated sGC agonist, riociguat, decreases castration-resistant tumor growth and re-sensitizes these tumors to radiation therapy. Thus our study provides both new biology regarding the origins of castration resistance as well as a new and viable treatment option.
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6
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Ma TM, Sun Y, Malone S, Roach M, Dearnaley D, Pisansky TM, Feng FY, Sandler HM, Efstathiou JA, Syndikus I, Hall EC, Tree AC, Sydes MR, Cruickshank C, Roy S, Bolla M, Maingon P, De Reijke T, Nabid A, Carrier N, Souhami L, Zapatero A, Guerrero A, Alvarez A, Gonzalez San-Segundo C, Maldonado X, Romero T, Steinberg ML, Valle LF, Rettig MB, Nickols NG, Shoag JE, Reiter RE, Zaorsky NG, Jia AY, Garcia JA, Spratt DE, Kishan AU. Sequencing of Androgen-Deprivation Therapy of Short Duration With Radiotherapy for Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer (SANDSTORM): A Pooled Analysis of 12 Randomized Trials. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:881-892. [PMID: 36269935 PMCID: PMC9902004 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The sequencing of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) with radiotherapy (RT) may affect outcomes for prostate cancer in an RT-field size-dependent manner. Herein, we investigate the impact of ADT sequencing for men receiving ADT with prostate-only RT (PORT) or whole-pelvis RT (WPRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Individual patient data from 12 randomized trials that included patients receiving neoadjuvant/concurrent or concurrent/adjuvant short-term ADT (4-6 months) with RT for localized disease were obtained from the Meta-Analysis of Randomized trials in Cancer of the Prostate consortium. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was performed with propensity scores derived from age, initial prostate-specific antigen, Gleason score, T stage, RT dose, and mid-trial enrollment year. Metastasis-free survival (primary end point) and overall survival (OS) were assessed by IPTW-adjusted Cox regression models, analyzed independently for men receiving PORT versus WPRT. IPTW-adjusted Fine and Gray competing risk models were built to evaluate distant metastasis (DM) and prostate cancer-specific mortality. RESULTS Overall, 7,409 patients were included (6,325 neoadjuvant/concurrent and 1,084 concurrent/adjuvant) with a median follow-up of 10.2 years (interquartile range, 7.2-14.9 years). A significant interaction between ADT sequencing and RT field size was observed for all end points (P interaction < .02 for all) except OS. With PORT (n = 4,355), compared with neoadjuvant/concurrent ADT, concurrent/adjuvant ADT was associated with improved metastasis-free survival (10-year benefit 8.0%, hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.79; P < .0001), DM (subdistribution HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.82; P = .0046), prostate cancer-specific mortality (subdistribution HR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.54; P < .0001), and OS (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.83; P = .0001). However, in patients receiving WPRT (n = 3,049), no significant difference in any end point was observed in regard to ADT sequencing except for worse DM (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.05; P = .0009) with concurrent/adjuvant ADT. CONCLUSION ADT sequencing exhibits a significant impact on clinical outcomes with a significant interaction with field size. Concurrent/adjuvant ADT should be the standard of care where short-term ADT is indicated in combination with PORT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Martin Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yilun Sun
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Shawn Malone
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mack Roach
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - David Dearnaley
- Academic Urology Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Felix Y. Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Jason A. Efstathiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Isabel Syndikus
- Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Bebington, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Emma C. Hall
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit (ICR-CTSU), The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison C. Tree
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Claire Cruickshank
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit (ICR-CTSU), The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Soumyajit Roy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Michel Bolla
- Radiotherapy Department Grenoble, Grenoble Alpes University, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Maingon
- Sorbonne University, APHP Sorbonne University, La Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Theo De Reijke
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abdenour Nabid
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitaler Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Nathalie Carrier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitaler Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Luis Souhami
- Division of Radiation Oncology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Almudena Zapatero
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital La Princesa, Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Alvarez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Gregorio Maranon, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gonzalez San-Segundo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Gregorio Maranon, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Tahmineh Romero
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Luca F. Valle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Matthew B. Rettig
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Jonathan E. Shoag
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Robert E. Reiter
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Nicholas G. Zaorsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Angela Y. Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jorge A. Garcia
- Department of Hematology Oncology, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Daniel E. Spratt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Amar U. Kishan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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7
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Scheinberg T, Mak B, Butler L, Selth L, Horvath LG. Targeting lipid metabolism in metastatic prostate cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231152839. [PMID: 36743527 PMCID: PMC9893394 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231152839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite key advances in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa), a proportion of men have de novo resistance, and all will develop resistance to current therapeutics over time. Aberrant lipid metabolism has long been associated with prostate carcinogenesis and progression, but more recently there has been an explosion of preclinical and clinical data which is informing new clinical trials. This review explores the epidemiological links between obesity and metabolic syndrome and PCa, the evidence for altered circulating lipids in PCa and their potential role as biomarkers, as well as novel therapeutic strategies for targeting lipids in men with PCa, including therapies widely used in cardiovascular disease such as statins, metformin and lifestyle modification, as well as novel targeted agents such as sphingosine kinase inhibitors, DES1 inhibitors and agents targeting FASN and beta oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahlia Scheinberg
- Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown NSW, Australia,Advanced Prostate Cancer Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Blossom Mak
- Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown NSW, Australia,Advanced Prostate Cancer Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa Butler
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Freemason’s Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Luke Selth
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Freemason’s Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Labs, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, Australia
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8
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Qi X, Zhang ZF, Gao XS, Qin SB, Bai Y, Yu W, He Q, Fan Y, Zhang JH, Jiang Y, He ZS, Li HZ. Treatment-related neuroendocrine prostate cancer managed with partial stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (P-SABR) for long-term survival: a case series. Transl Androl Urol 2023; 12:128-138. [PMID: 36760876 PMCID: PMC9906108 DOI: 10.21037/tau-22-867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The amount of treatment-related neuroendocrine prostate cancer (t-NEPC) increases after hormonal therapy, especially novel androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs). T-NEPC is considered a hormone refractory [androgen receptor (AR)-negative] subtype of prostate cancer. Although tumors are initially responsive to platinum-based chemotherapy, the drugs are only effective for a short time. Therefore, whether or not local treatment can prolong survival is of great concern. Case Description In this case series, we discuss 4 t-NEPC cases who were treated with partial stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (P-SABR) for bulky tumors. P-SABR is a radiotherapy regimen that is used in a SABR boost [such as 6 Gy × 4 fractions (f), 8 Gy × 3 f] prior to conventional radiotherapy to enhance the tumor biological effective dose (BED) without increasing the dose to organs at risk. All patients achieved good local control after P-SABR. For patient 1, P-SABR was used for the prostate tumor. After radiotherapy, pathological complete remission (pCR) was achieved, and the prostate lesion remained stable thus far. As of this writing, the patient has been in remission for 3 years after initial t-NEPC diagnosis. Conclusions We describe 4 cases and indicate that P-SABR is safe and effective in the treatment of a large prostate mass and may prolong the survival of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo-Fei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Shu Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shang-Bin Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qun He
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Song He
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
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9
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Taghavi Bahreghani M, Geraily G, Alizadeh S, Najafi M, Shirazi A. Apigenin Enhanced Radiation-Induced Apoptosis/Necrosis by Sensitization of LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells to 6 MV Photon Beams. CELL JOURNAL 2021; 23:730-735. [PMID: 34979061 PMCID: PMC8753104 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whereas prostate cancer (PrCa) may be unresponsive or moderately responsive to radiation therapy (RT)- most common modality for treatment of PrCa- patients must receive a high dose of RT In order to achieve appropriate tumour control. However, this increase in radiation dose may lead to severe adverse effects in normal tissues. Sensitization of PrCa to radiation provides an alternate approach to improve the therapeutic efficacy of RT. This study aims to assess the radiosensitisation effect of apigenin (Api) on a prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, LNCaP cells were treated with 0-80 μM Api to investigate its effect on LNCaP cell viability and determine its half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Next, the cells were divided into four groups: i. Control, ii. Cells treated with the IC50 concentration of Api, iii. Cells treated with 2 Gy ionizing radiation (IR), and cells co-treated with Api and IR. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and an Annexin V-FITC/PI assay were performed to assess cell survival, Bax and Bcl-2 expressions, and presence of apoptosis and necrosis. RESULTS Api inhibited cell survival in a dose-dependent, but not time-dependent manner. Cells treated with Api had increased amounts of early apoptosis, late apoptosis, and secondary necrosis compared to the control group. This group also had decreased Bcl-2 gene expression and up-regulated Bax gene expression. Co-treatment with Api and IR significantly inhibited cell survival, and increased early apoptosis, late apoptosis and secondary necrosis compared to the other groups. There was a significant decrease in Bcl-2 gene expression along with up-regulation of Bax gene expression, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio changes that favoured apoptosis. CONCLUSION Api inhibited PrCa cell survival and induced apoptosis as a single agent. In addition, Api significantly sensitized the LNCaP cells to IR and enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Taghavi Bahreghani
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazale Geraily
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,P.O.Box: 13599471Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringTehran University of Medical
SciencesTehranIran
| | - Shaban Alizadeh
- Department of Haematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Allied Medical Sciences Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences,
Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Shirazi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Radioresistance in Prostate Cancer: Focus on the Interplay between NF-κB and SOD. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121925. [PMID: 34943029 PMCID: PMC8750009 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer occurs frequently in men and can often lead to death. Many cancers, including prostate cancer, can be initiated by oxidative insult caused by free radicals and reactive oxygen species. The superoxide dismutase family removes the oxygen-derived reactive oxygen species, and increased superoxide dismutase activity can often be protective against prostate cancer. Prostate cancer can be treated in a variety of ways, including surgery, androgen deprivation therapy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The clinical trajectory of prostate cancer varies from patient to patient, but more aggressive tumors often tend to be radioresistant. This is often due to the free-radical and reactive-oxygen-species-neutralizing effects of the superoxide dismutase family. Superoxide dismutase 2, which is especially important in this regard, can be induced by the NF-κB pathway, which is an important mechanism in radioresistance. This information has enabled the development of interventions that manipulate the NF-κB mechanism to treat prostate cancer.
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11
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ATM Kinase Inhibition Preferentially Sensitises PTEN-Deficient Prostate Tumour Cells to Ionising Radiation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010079. [PMID: 33396656 PMCID: PMC7794981 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men. Despite the importance of radical radiotherapy for the management of this disease, recurrence remains a challenge. PTEN is a tumour suppressor that is frequently inactivated in advanced prostate cancer and has been associated with relapse following radiotherapy. The present study shows that the role of PTEN in response to ionizing radiation is complex. Furthermore, it demonstrates that in the absence of PTEN, an increased response to combined treatment using radiotherapy and the ATM inhibitor KU-60019 can be observed. Our findings provide a strong rationale for evaluating loss of PTEN in prostate cancer as a therapeutic target for ATM inhibitor in combination with radiotherapy in the clinical setting. Abstract Radical radiotherapy, often in combination with hormone ablation, is a safe and effective treatment option for localised or locally-advanced prostate cancer. However, up to 30% of patients with locally advanced PCa will go on to develop biochemical failure, within 5 years, following initial radiotherapy. Improving radiotherapy response is clinically important since patients exhibiting biochemical failure develop castrate-resistant metastatic disease for which there is no curative therapy and median survival is 8–18 months. The aim of this research was to determine if loss of PTEN (highly prevalent in advanced prostate cancer) is a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Previous work has demonstrated PTEN-deficient cells are sensitised to inhibitors of ATM, a key regulator in the response to DSBs. Here, we have shown the role of PTEN in cellular response to IR was both complex and context-dependent. Secondly, we have confirmed ATM inhibition in PTEN-depleted cell models, enhances ionising radiation-induced cell killing with minimal toxicity to normal prostate RWPE-1 cells. Furthermore, combined treatment significantly inhibited PTEN-deficient tumour growth compared to PTEN-expressing counterparts, with minimal toxicity observed. We have further shown PTEN loss is accompanied by increased endogenous levels of ROS and DNA damage. Taken together, these findings provide pre-clinical data for future clinical evaluation of ATM inhibitors as a neoadjuvant/adjuvant in combination with radiation therapy in prostate cancer patients harbouring PTEN mutations.
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12
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Spratt DE, Malone S, Roy S, Grimes S, Eapen L, Morgan SC, Malone J, Craig J, Dess RT, Jackson WC, Hartman HE, Kishan AU, Mehra R, Kaffenberger S, Morgan TM, Reichert ZR, Alumkal JJ, Michalski J, Lee WR, Pisansky TM, Feng FY, Shipley W, Sandler HM, Schipper MJ, Roach M, Sun Y, Lawton CAF. Prostate Radiotherapy With Adjuvant Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) Improves Metastasis-Free Survival Compared to Neoadjuvant ADT: An Individual Patient Meta-Analysis. J Clin Oncol 2020; 39:136-144. [PMID: 33275486 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.02438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There remains a lack of clarity regarding the influence of sequencing of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and radiotherapy (RT) on outcomes in prostate cancer (PCa). Herein, we evaluate the optimal sequencing of ADT with prostate-directed RT in localized PCa. METHODS MEDLINE (1966-2018), Embase (1982-2018), ClinicalTrials.gov, and conference proceedings (1990-2018) were searched to identify randomized trials evaluating the sequencing, but not duration, of ADT with RT. Two randomized phase III trials were identified, and individual patient data were obtained: Ottawa 0101 and NRG Oncology's Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 9413. Ottawa 0101 randomly assigned patients to neoadjuvant or concurrent versus concurrent or adjuvant short-term ADT. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 9413, a 2 × 2 factorial trial, included a random assignment of neoadjuvant or concurrent versus adjuvant short-term ADT. The neoadjuvant or concurrent ADT arms of both trials were combined into the neoadjuvant group, and the arms receiving adjuvant ADT were combined into the adjuvant group. The primary end point of this meta-analysis was progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS The median follow-up was 14.9 years. Overall, 1,065 patients were included (531 neoadjuvant and 534 adjuvant). PFS was significantly improved in the adjuvant group (15-year PFS, 29% v 36%, hazard ratio [HR], 1.25 [95% CI, 1.07 to 1.47], P = .01). Biochemical failure (subdistribution HR [sHR], 1.37 [95% CI, 1.12 to 1.68], P = .002), distant metastasis (sHR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.00 to 1.95], P = .04), and metastasis-free survival (HR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.00 to 1.37], P = .050) were all significantly improved in the adjuvant group. There were no differences in late grade ≥ 3 gastrointestinal (2% v 3%, P = .33) or genitourinary toxicity (5% v 5%, P = .76) between groups. CONCLUSION The sequencing of ADT with prostate-directed RT has significant association with long-term PFS and MFS in localized PCa. Our findings favor use of an adjuvant over a neoadjuvant approach, without any increase in long-term toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Spratt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Shawn Malone
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Soumyajit Roy
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,New York Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Scott Grimes
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Libni Eapen
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Scott C Morgan
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Malone
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Craig
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert T Dess
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - William C Jackson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Holly E Hartman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Amar U Kishan
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rohit Mehra
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Todd M Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Joshi J Alumkal
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mathew J Schipper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Yilun Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
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13
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Evaluation of cytokine expression and circulating immune cell subsets as potential parameters of acute radiation toxicity in prostate cancer patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19002. [PMID: 33149212 PMCID: PMC7643057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the challenges of radiation oncology in the era of personalized medicine is identification of biomarkers associated with individual radiosensitivity. The aim of research was to evaluate the possible clinical value of the associations between clinical, physical, and biological factors, and risk for development of acute radiotoxicity in patients with prostate cancer. The study involved forty four patients treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ and TGF-β1 were assessed before radiotherapy, after 5th, 15th and 25th radiotherapy fractions, at the end, and 1 month after the end of radiotherapy. Cytokine gene expression was determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The univariate analysis of circulating cytokine levels during radiotherapy showed that increased serum concentrations of IL-6 were significantly associated with higher grade of acute genitourinary toxicity. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that increased level of IL-6 during the radiotherapy was significantly associated with higher grade of acute genitourinary toxicity across treatment. TGF-β expression levels significantly decreased during course of radiotherapy. Research indicates that changes in circulating cytokine levels might be important parameter of radiotoxicity in patients with prostate cancer. These findings suggest that future studies based on multi-parameter examination are necessary for prediction of individual radiosensitivity.
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14
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Seifert M, Peitzsch C, Gorodetska I, Börner C, Klink B, Dubrovska A. Network-based analysis of prostate cancer cell lines reveals novel marker gene candidates associated with radioresistance and patient relapse. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007460. [PMID: 31682594 PMCID: PMC6855562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is an important and effective treatment option for prostate cancer, but high-risk patients are prone to relapse due to radioresistance of cancer cells. Molecular mechanisms that contribute to radioresistance are not fully understood. Novel computational strategies are needed to identify radioresistance driver genes from hundreds of gene copy number alterations. We developed a network-based approach based on lasso regression in combination with network propagation for the analysis of prostate cancer cell lines with acquired radioresistance to identify clinically relevant marker genes associated with radioresistance in prostate cancer patients. We analyzed established radioresistant cell lines of the prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and LNCaP and compared their gene copy number and expression profiles to their radiosensitive parental cells. We found that radioresistant DU145 showed much more gene copy number alterations than LNCaP and their gene expression profiles were highly cell line specific. We learned a genome-wide prostate cancer-specific gene regulatory network and quantified impacts of differentially expressed genes with directly underlying copy number alterations on known radioresistance marker genes. This revealed several potential driver candidates involved in the regulation of cancer-relevant processes. Importantly, we found that ten driver candidates from DU145 (ADAMTS9, AKR1B10, CXXC5, FST, FOXL1, GRPR, ITGA2, SOX17, STARD4, VGF) and four from LNCaP (FHL5, LYPLAL1, PAK7, TDRD6) were able to distinguish irradiated prostate cancer patients into early and late relapse groups. Moreover, in-depth in vitro validations for VGF (Neurosecretory protein VGF) showed that siRNA-mediated gene silencing increased the radiosensitivity of DU145 and LNCaP cells. Our computational approach enabled to predict novel radioresistance driver gene candidates. Additional preclinical and clinical studies are required to further validate the role of VGF and other candidate genes as potential biomarkers for the prediction of radiotherapy responses and as potential targets for radiosensitization of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer cell lines represent an important model system to characterize molecular alterations that contribute to radioresistance, but irradiation can cause deletions and amplifications of DNA segments that affect hundreds of genes. This in combination with the small number of cell lines that are usually considered does not allow a straight-forward identification of driver genes by standard statistical methods. Therefore, we developed a network-based approach to analyze gene copy number and expression profiles of such cell lines enabling to identify potential driver genes associated with radioresistance of prostate cancer. We used lasso regression in combination with a significance test for lasso to learn a genome-wide prostate cancer-specific gene regulatory network. We used this network for network flow computations to determine impacts of gene copy number alterations on known radioresistance marker genes. Mapping to prostate cancer samples and additional filtering allowed us to identify 14 driver gene candidates that distinguished irradiated prostate cancer patients into early and late relapse groups. In-depth literature analysis and wet-lab validations suggest that our method can predict novel radioresistance driver genes. Additional preclinical and clinical studies are required to further validate these genes for the prediction of radiotherapy responses and as potential targets to radiosensitize prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Seifert
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry (IMB), Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Claudia Peitzsch
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Ielizaveta Gorodetska
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Caroline Börner
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Klink
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Dresden, Germany, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Patel GK, Chugh N, Tripathi M. Neuroendocrine Differentiation of Prostate Cancer-An Intriguing Example of Tumor Evolution at Play. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1405. [PMID: 31547070 PMCID: PMC6826557 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) has assumed a new perspective in light of the recent advances in research. Although classical NEPC is rarely seen in the clinic, focal neuroendocrine trans-differentiation of prostate adenocarcinoma occurs in about 30% of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) cases, and represents a therapeutic challenge. Even though our knowledge of the mechanisms that mediate neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) is still evolving, the role of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) as a key driver of this phenomenon is increasingly becoming evident. In this review, we discuss the molecular, cellular, and therapeutic mediators of NED, and emphasize the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in orchestrating the phenotype. Understanding the role of the TME in mediating NED could provide us with valuable insights into the plasticity associated with the phenotype, and reveal potential therapeutic targets against this aggressive form of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girijesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Natasha Chugh
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Manisha Tripathi
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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16
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Chen X, Chen F, Ren Y, Weng G, Keng PC, Chen Y, Lee SO. Glucocorticoid receptor upregulation increases radioresistance and triggers androgen independence of prostate cancer. Prostate 2019; 79:1386-1398. [PMID: 31334877 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the overall success of radiotherapy, a significant number of patients develop radioresistance, which leads to local regional recurrence and distant metastasis. We studied whether repeated radiation treatment promotes androgen-independent survival of prostate cancer (PCa) cells and their metastatic potential. We also studied whether glucocorticoid receptor (GR) increase in radioresistant cells is associated with acquisition of these aggressive characteristics. METHODS Radioresistant LNCaP (LNCaPR18) and C4-2 (C4-2R26) PCa sublines were developed by repeated radiation treatments of parental cells. Levels and activations of androgen receptor (AR) and GR in radioresistant PCa cells and respective parental cells were investigated in quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction/Western blot analyses and immunofluorescence staining. Androgen-independent survival of radioresistant cells was tested in in vitro cell growth assays and the castration-resistant survival of these cell-derived tumors were investigated in mouse xenografts. RESULTS Higher GR levels, but lower AR levels were detected in radioresistant cells than in parental cells. Radiation-induced GR upregulation was associated with increased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate. As a consequence of GR activation, LNCaPR18 cells survived well in an androgen-depleted culture condition while parental cells could not. Results of in vivo mouse studies showed survival of LNCaPR18 cell-derived tumors in castrated mice while parental cell-derived tumors regressed. The growth of LNCaPR18 cell-derived tumors in castrated mice was impaired when treated with the anti-GR agent mifepristone. In experiments with C4-2/C4-2R26 cell sets, GR activation in C4-2R26 cells increased their metastatic potential. CONCLUSION GR activation in radioresistant cells mediates androgen independence and facilitates PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
- Department of Urology, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
- Department of Urology, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Ren
- Department of Urology, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobin Weng
- Department of Urology, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter C Keng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Yuhchyau Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Soo Ok Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
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17
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Duan X, Liu X, Li Y, Cao Y, Silayiding A, Zhang R, Wang J. MicroRNA‐498 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of prostate cancer cells and decreases radiation sensitivity by targeting PTEN. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019; 35:659-671. [PMID: 31332950 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu‐Mei Duan
- Department of PathologyThe First Hospital, Jilin University China
| | - Xiao‐Na Liu
- Department of PathologyThe First Hospital, Jilin University China
| | - Yu‐Xin Li
- Department of PathologyThe First Hospital, Jilin University China
| | - Yu‐Qing Cao
- Department of PathologyThe First Hospital, Jilin University China
| | | | - Rong‐Kui Zhang
- Department of RadiologyThe First Hospital, Jilin University China
| | - Ji‐Ping Wang
- Department of RadiologyThe First Hospital, Jilin University China
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18
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Chen F, Chen X, Ren Y, Weng G, Keng PC, Chen Y, Lee SO. Radiation-induced glucocorticoid receptor promotes CD44+ prostate cancer stem cell growth through activation of SGK1-Wnt/β-catenin signaling. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:1169-1182. [PMID: 31187175 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We observed cancer stem cell (CSC) population increase in radioresistant LNCaP (LNCaPR18) and C4-2 (C4-2R26) prostate cancer (PCa) cells compared with respective parental cells. Since the CD44 level increase was most significant in radioresistant PCa cells compared with parental cells among CSC markers tested, we isolated the CD44+ population from LNCaP/LNCaPR18 and C4-2/C4-2R26 cell sets via the immunomagnetic separation method and used them as CSC sources. We detected lower AR level, but higher glucocorticoid receptor (GR) level in CD44+ CSCs than CD44- non-CSCs. Higher GR level in CD44+ CSCs than CD44- cells was also detected when cells were isolated from mouse tumor tissues of LNCaPR18 cell and C4-2R26 cell-derived human xenografts and grown in culture. We then found blocking the GR signaling by adding the anti-GR agent mifepristone into the cell culture inhibited the CD44+ CSC growth while the addition of the anti-AR agent enzalutamide enhanced the CSC growth. In xenograft mouse studies in which tumors were developed from the injection of CD44+ CSCs of LNCaPR18 or C4-2R26 cell lines, retarded tumor growth in mifepristone-injected mice was observed compared with vehicle-treated mice. We next discovered the GR regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. We further found that the serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) is the GR downstream molecule that mediates Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation. Therefore, inhibition of either SGK1 or Wnt/β-catenin signaling impaired the in vitro CD44+ CSC growth. From these results, we suggest that blocking GR signaling or its downstream SGK1-Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis may suppress the radiation-induced CSC increase in PCa. KEY MESSAGES: Higher CSC population exists in radioresistant PCa cells than parental cells. Higher GR levels (and lower AR level) in CD44+ CSCs than CD44- non-CSCs. Use of anti-GR agent blocked the growth of CD44+ CSCs in in vitro/in vivo tests. GR downstream SGK1-Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis mediates the CSC increase. Targeting this signaling axis may enhance the radiotherapy efficacy in treating PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.,Department of Urology, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.,Department of Urology, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Ren
- Department of Urology, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobin Weng
- Department of Urology, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter C Keng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Yuhchyau Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Soo Ok Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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Chen X, Chen F, Ren Y, Weng G, Xu L, Xue X, Keng PC, Lee SO, Chen Y. IL-6 signaling contributes to radioresistance of prostate cancer through key DNA repair-associated molecules ATM, ATR, and BRCA 1/2. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:1471-1484. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Association between miR-21/146a/155 level changes and acute genitourinary radiotoxicity in prostate cancer patients: A pilot study. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:626-631. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Rae C, Mairs RJ. AMPK activation by AICAR sensitizes prostate cancer cells to radiotherapy. Oncotarget 2019; 10:749-759. [PMID: 30774777 PMCID: PMC6366825 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although radiotherapy is often used to treat localized disease and for palliative care in prostate cancer patients, novel methods are required to improve the sensitivity of aggressive disease to ionizing radiation. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor which regulates proliferation, aggressiveness and survival of cancer cells. We assessed the ability of the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) to sensitize prostate cancer cells to radiation. Prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and PC3 were treated with X-rays and AICAR then assessed for clonogenic survival, spheroid growth delay, cell cycle progression, and AMPK and p53 activity. AICAR synergistically enhanced the clonogenic killing capacity, spheroid growth inhibition and pro-apoptotic effect of X-rays. The mechanism of radiosensitization appeared to involve cell cycle regulation, but not oxidative stress. Moreover, it was not dependent on p53 status. Treatment of PC3 cells with a fatty acid synthase inhibitor further enhanced clonogenic killing of the combination of X-rays and AICAR, whereas mTOR inhibition caused no additional enhancement. These results indicate that interference with metabolic signalling pathways which protect cells against irradiation have the potential to enhance radiotherapy. Activation of AMPK in combination with radiotherapy has the potential to target metabolically active and aggressive tumors which are currently untreatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Rae
- Radiation Oncology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert J Mairs
- Radiation Oncology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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22
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Ye D, Zhang W, Ma L, Du C, Xie L, Huang Y, Wei Q, Ye Z, Na Y. Adjuvant hormone therapy after radical prostatectomy in high-risk localized and locally advanced prostate cancer: First multicenter, observational study in China. Chin J Cancer Res 2019; 31:511-520. [PMID: 31354220 PMCID: PMC6613498 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2019.03.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Potential of combined androgen blockade (CAB) has not been explored extensively in Chinese males with prostate cancer (PCa). Therefore, this study evaluated the 2-year prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence rate and quality of life (QoL) in patients with high-risk localized and locally advanced PCa receiving adjuvant hormone therapy (HT) after radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods This prospective, multicenter, observational study conducted in 18 centers across China enrolled patients with high-risk factor (preoperative PSA>20 ng/mL or Gleason score >7) or locally advanced PCa. Different adjuvant HT were administered after RP according to investigator’s decision in routine clinical practice. Relationship of baseline and postoperative characteristics was assessed with recurrence rate. PSA recurrence rate and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate (FACT-P) QoL scores were recorded at 12 months and 24 months. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to construct the PSA recurrence rate during follow-up. Results A total of 189 patients (mean age: 66.9±6.5 years) were recruited, among which 112 (59.3%) patients showed serum PSA>20 ng/mL preoperatively. The highest postoperative pathological advancement noticed was from clinical T2 (cT2) to pathological T3 (pT3) (43.9%) stage. The majority of the patients (66.1%) received CAB as adjuvant HT, for a median duration of 20.0 months. The least recurrence (15.2%) was noticed in patients treated with CAB, followed by those treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist (LHRHa) (16.1%), and antiandrogen (19.0%), with non-significant difference noted among the groups. None of the baseline or postoperative characteristics was related with PSA recurrence in our study. The 24-month FACT-P QoL score of 119 patients treated for >12 months showed significant improvement above baseline compared with those treated for ≤12 months. Conclusions Adjuvant CAB therapy after RP showed reduction trend in 2-year PSA recurrence rate in high-risk Chinese patients with localized and locally advanced PCa, compared with adjuvant anti-androgens (AA) or LHRHa therapy. Further long-term therapy (>12 months) significantly improved QoL compared to short-term HT therapy, suggesting the beneficial effect of long-term CAB therapy in improving QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lulin Ma
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chuanjun Du
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yiran Huang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yanqun Na
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, China
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Park S, Kim YS, Kim DY, So I, Jeon JH. PI3K pathway in prostate cancer: All resistant roads lead to PI3K. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:198-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ghashghaei M, Niazi TM, Heravi M, Bekerat H, Trifiro M, Paliouras M, Muanza T. Enhanced radiosensitization of enzalutamide via schedule dependent administration to androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2018; 78:64-75. [PMID: 29134684 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is a progressive disease and the most diagnosed cancer in men. The current standard of care for high-risk localized PCa is a combination of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and radiation (XRT). The majority of these patients however become resistant due to incomplete responses to ADT as a result of selective cells maintaining androgen receptor (AR) activity. Improvement can be made if increasing radiosensitivity is realized. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of the next-generation PCa drug Enzalutamide (ENZA), as a radiosensitizer in XRT therapy. METHODS Using a number of androgen-dependent (LNCaP, PC3-T877A) and androgen-independent (C4-2, 22RV1, PC3, PC3-AR V7) cell lines, the effect of ENZA as a radiosensitizer was studied alone or in combination with ADT and/or XRT. Cell viability and cell survival were assessed, along with determination of cell cycle arrest, DNA damage response and repair, apoptosis and senescence. RESULTS Our results indicated that either ENZA alone (in AR positive, androgen-dependent PCa cells) or in combination with ADT (in AR positive, hormone-insensitive PCa cells) potentiates radiation response [Dose enhancement factor (DEF) of 1.75 in LNCAP and 1.35 in C4-2] stronger than ADT + XRT conditions. Additionally, ENZA sensitized androgen dependent PCa cells to XRT in a schedule-dependent manner, where concurrent administration of ENZA and radiation lead to a maximal radiosensitization when compared to either drug administration prior or after XRT. In LNCaP cells, ENZA treatment significantly prolonged the presence of XRT-induced phospho-γH2AX up to 24 h after treatment; suggesting enhanced DNA damage. It also significantly increased XRT-induced apoptosis and senescence. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicates that ENZA acts as a much stronger radiosensitizer compared to ADT. We have also observed that its efficacy is schedule dependent and related to increased levels of DNA damage and a delay of DNA repair processes. Finally, the initial abrogation of DNA-PKcs activity by AR inhibition and its subsequent recovery might represent an important mechanism by which PCa cells acquire resistance to combined anti-androgen and XRT treatment. This work suggests a new use of ENZA in combination with XRT that could be applicable in clinical trial settings for patients with early and intermediate hormone responsive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghashghaei
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tamim M Niazi
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mitra Heravi
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hamed Bekerat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark Trifiro
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Miltiadis Paliouras
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thierry Muanza
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, Quebec, Canada
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25
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Bonkhoff H. Estrogen receptor signaling in prostate cancer: Implications for carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Prostate 2018; 78:2-10. [PMID: 29094395 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The androgen receptor (AR) is the classical target for prostate cancer prevention and treatment, but more recently estrogens and their receptors have also been implicated in prostate cancer development and tumor progression. METHODS Recent experimental and clinical data were reviewed to elucidate pathogenetic mechanisms how estrogens and their receptors may affect prostate carcinogenesis and tumor progression. RESULTS The estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is the most prevalent ER in the human prostate, while the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is restricted to basal cells of the prostatic epithelium and stromal cells. In high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), the ERα is up-regulated and most likely mediates carcinogenic effects of estradiol as demonstrated in animal models. The partial loss of the ERβ in HGPIN indicates that the ERβ acts as a tumor suppressor. The tumor promoting function of the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion, a major driver of prostate carcinogenesis, is triggered by the ERα and repressed by the ERβ. The ERβ is generally retained in hormone naïve and metastatic prostate cancer, but is partially lost in castration resistant disease. The progressive emergence of the ERα and ERα-regulated genes (eg, progesterone receptor (PR), PS2, TMPRSS2-ERG fusion, and NEAT1) during prostate cancer progression and hormone refractory disease suggests that these tumors can bypass the AR by using estrogens and progestins for their growth. In addition, nongenomic estrogen signaling pathways mediated by orphan receptors (eg, GPR30 and ERRα) has also been implicated in prostate cancer progression. CONCLUSIONS Increasing evidences demonstrate that local estrogen signaling mechanisms are required for prostate carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Despite the recent progress in this research topic, the translation of the current information into potential therapeutic applications remains highly challenging and clearly warrants further investigation.
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Harryman WL, Hinton JP, Rubenstein CP, Singh P, Nagle RB, Parker SJ, Knudsen BS, Cress AE. The Cohesive Metastasis Phenotype in Human Prostate Cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1866:221-231. [PMID: 27678419 PMCID: PMC5534328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A critical barrier for the successful prevention and treatment of recurrent prostate cancer is detection and eradication of metastatic and therapy-resistant disease. Despite the fall in diagnoses and mortality, the reported incidence of metastatic disease has increased 72% since 2004. Prostate cancer arises in cohesive groups as intraepithelial neoplasia, migrates through muscle and leaves the gland via perineural invasion for hematogenous dissemination. Current technological advances have shown cohesive-clusters of tumor (also known as microemboli) within the circulation. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) profiles are indicative of disseminated prostate cancer, and disseminated tumor cells (DTC) are found in cohesive-clusters, a phenotypic characteristic of both radiation- and drug-resistant tumors. Recent reports in cell biology and informatics, coupled with mass spectrometry, indicate that the integrin adhesome network provides an explanation for the biophysical ability of cohesive-clusters of tumor cells to invade thorough muscle and nerve microenvironments while maintaining adhesion-dependent therapeutic resistance. Targeting cohesive-clusters takes advantage of the known ability of extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion to promote tumor cell survival and represents an approach that has the potential to avoid the progression to drug- and radiotherapy-resistance. In the following review we will examine the evidence for development and dissemination of cohesive-clusters in metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Harryman
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - James P Hinton
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Cynthia P Rubenstein
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Parminder Singh
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Raymond B Nagle
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Sarah J Parker
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Beatrice S Knudsen
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Anne E Cress
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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27
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Rae C, Mairs RJ. Evaluation of the radiosensitizing potency of chemotherapeutic agents in prostate cancer cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 93:194-203. [PMID: 27600766 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1231946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite recent advances in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer, survival rates are low and treatment options are limited to chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. Although ionizing radiation is used to treat localized and metastatic prostate cancer, the most efficient use of radiotherapy is yet to be defined. Our purpose was to determine in vitro the potential benefit to be gained by combining radiation treatment with cytotoxic drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Inhibitors of DNA repair and heat shock protein 90 and an inducer of oxidative stress were evaluated in combination with X-radiation for their capacity to reduce clonogenic survival and delay the growth of multicellular tumor spheroids. RESULTS Inhibitors of the PARP DNA repair pathway, olaparib and rucaparib, and the HSP90 inhibitor 17-DMAG, enhanced the clonogenic cell kill and spheroid growth delay induced by X-radiation. However, the oxidative stress-inducing drug elesclomol failed to potentiate the effects of X-radiation. PARP inhibitors arrested cells in the G2/M phase when administered as single agents or in combination with radiation, whereas elesclomol and 17-DMAG did not affect radiation-induced cell cycle modulation. CONCLUSION These results indicate that radiotherapy of prostate cancer may be optimized by combination with inhibitors of PARP or HSP90, but not elesclomol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Rae
- a Radiation Oncology , Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - Robert J Mairs
- a Radiation Oncology , Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
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28
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Tesson M, Rae C, Nixon C, Babich JW, Mairs RJ. Preliminary evaluation of prostate-targeted radiotherapy using (131) I-MIP-1095 in combination with radiosensitising chemotherapeutic drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:912-21. [PMID: 27139157 PMCID: PMC5298040 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Despite recent advances in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer, survival rates are low and treatment options are limited to chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. 131I‐MIP‐1095 is a recently developed prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA)‐targeting, small molecular weight radiopharmaceutical which has anti‐tumour activity as a single agent. Our purpose was to determine in vitro the potential benefit to be gained by combining 131I‐MIP‐1095 with cytotoxic drug treatments. Methods Various cytotoxic agents were evaluated in combination with 131I‐MIP‐1095 for their capacity to delay the growth of LNCaP cells cultured as multicellular tumour spheroids. Two end‐points were used to assess treatment efficacy: (i) the time required for doubling of spheroid volume and (ii) the area under the volume–time growth curves. Key findings The PARP‐1 inhibitor olaparib, the topoisomerase I inhibitor topotecan, the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, the inhibitor of the P53–MDM2 interaction nutlin‐3 and the copper‐chelated form of the oxidising agent disulfiram (DSF:Cu) all significantly enhanced the inhibition of the growth of spheroids induced by 131I‐MIP‐1095. However, the Chk1 inhibitor AZD7762 failed to potentiate the effect of 131I‐MIP‐1095. Conclusions These results indicate that targeted radiotherapy of prostate cancer may be optimised by combining its administration with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Tesson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin Rae
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - John W Babich
- Division of Radiopharmacy, Department of Radiology, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Mairs
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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29
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Rae C, Haberkorn U, Babich JW, Mairs RJ. Inhibition of Fatty Acid Synthase Sensitizes Prostate Cancer Cells to Radiotherapy. Radiat Res 2015; 184:482-93. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14173.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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30
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Sawada Y, Omoto K, Kohei N, Sakaguchi K, Miura M, Tanabe K. Sulfoquinovosylacylpropanediol is a novel potent radiosensitizer in prostate cancer. Int J Urol 2015; 22:590-5. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Sawada
- Department of Urology; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuya Omoto
- Department of Urology; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Naoki Kohei
- Department of Urology; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kengo Sakaguchi
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science; Chiba Japan
| | - Masahiko Miura
- Oral Radiation Oncology, Department of Oral Restitution, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazunari Tanabe
- Department of Urology; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Tokyo Japan
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31
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Cojoc M, Peitzsch C, Kurth I, Trautmann F, Kunz-Schughart LA, Telegeev GD, Stakhovsky EA, Walker JR, Simin K, Lyle S, Fuessel S, Erdmann K, Wirth MP, Krause M, Baumann M, Dubrovska A. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Is Regulated by β-Catenin/TCF and Promotes Radioresistance in Prostate Cancer Progenitor Cells. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1482-94. [PMID: 25670168 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a curative treatment option in prostate cancer. Nevertheless, patients with high-risk prostate cancer are prone to relapse. Identification of the predictive biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of radioresistance bears promise to improve cancer therapies. In this study, we show that aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is indicative of radioresistant prostate progenitor cells with an enhanced DNA repair capacity and activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Gene expression profiling of prostate cancer cells, their radioresistant derivatives, ALDH(+) and ALDH(-) cell populations revealed the mechanisms, which link tumor progenitors to radioresistance, including activation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. We found that expression of the ALDH1A1 gene is regulated by the WNT signaling pathway and co-occurs with expression of β-catenin in prostate tumor specimens. Inhibition of the WNT pathway led to a decrease in ALDH(+) tumor progenitor population and to radiosensitization of cancer cells. Taken together, our results indicate that ALDH(+) cells contribute to tumor radioresistance and their molecular targeting may enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cojoc
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Peitzsch
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ina Kurth
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Trautmann
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany
| | - Leoni A Kunz-Schughart
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gennady D Telegeev
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - John R Walker
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California
| | - Karl Simin
- UMass Cancer Center Tissue Bank, Department of Cancer Biology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen Lyle
- UMass Cancer Center Tissue Bank, Department of Cancer Biology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Susanne Fuessel
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kati Erdmann
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred P Wirth
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany. Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany. Institute of Radiation Oncology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany, Bautzner Landstrasse, Dresden, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Baumann
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany. Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany. Institute of Radiation Oncology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany, Bautzner Landstrasse, Dresden, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Hematulin A, Sagan D, Sawanyawisuth K, Seubwai W, Wongkham S. Association between cellular radiosensitivity and G1/G2 checkpoint proficiencies in human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1159-66. [PMID: 24969815 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is a destructive malignancy with a poor prognosis and lack of effective medical treatment. Radiotherapy is an alternative treatment for patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma. However, there are limited data on the radiation responsiveness of individual cholangiocarcinoma cells, which is a key factor that influences radiation treatment outcome. In this study, we found that cholangiocarcinoma cell lines differ remarkably in their radiosensitivity. The variation of radiosensitivity of cholangiocarcinoma cells correlates with their p53 status and existing G1 and/or G2 checkpoint defects. We also demonstrated the potential of checkpoint kinase Chk1/2 inhibition on the enhancement of the radiosensitivity of cholangiocarcinoma cells. Thus, this study provides useful information for predicting radiation response and provides evidence for the enchantment of radiotherapeutic efficiency by targeting checkpoint kinase Chk1/2 in some subpopulations of cholangiocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunee Hematulin
- Radiobiology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Daniel Sagan
- Independent Researcher, D-93051 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kanlayanee Sawanyawisuth
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wunchana Seubwai
- Department of Forensic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Gao C, Bourke E, Scobie M, Famme MA, Koolmeister T, Helleday T, Eriksson LA, Lowndes NF, Brown JAL. Rational design and validation of a Tip60 histone acetyltransferase inhibitor. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5372. [PMID: 24947938 PMCID: PMC4064327 DOI: 10.1038/srep05372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation is required for many aspects of gene regulation, genome maintenance and metabolism and dysfunctional acetylation is implicated in numerous diseases, including cancer. Acetylation is regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases and currently, few general HAT inhibitors have been described. We identified the HAT Tip60 as an excellent candidate for targeted drug development, as Tip60 is a key mediator of the DNA damage response and transcriptional co-activator. Our modeling of Tip60 indicated that the active binding pocket possesses opposite charges at each end, with the positive charges attributed to two specific side chains. We used structure based drug design to develop a novel Tip60 inhibitor, TH1834, to fit this specific pocket. We demonstrate that TH1834 significantly inhibits Tip60 activity in vitro and treating cells with TH1834 results in apoptosis and increased unrepaired DNA damage (following ionizing radiation treatment) in breast cancer but not control cell lines. Furthermore, TH1834 did not affect the activity of related HAT MOF, as indicated by H4K16Ac, demonstrating specificity. The modeling and validation of the small molecule inhibitor TH1834 represents a first step towards developing additional specific, targeted inhibitors of Tip60 that may lead to further improvements in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Gao
- 1] School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland [2] Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden [3]
| | - Emer Bourke
- 1] Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Clinical Science Institute, Costello Road, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland [2]
| | - Martin Scobie
- 1] Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden [2]
| | - Melina Arcos Famme
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Koolmeister
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- 1] School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland [2] Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden [3]
| | - Noel F Lowndes
- Genome Stability Laboratory, Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - James A L Brown
- 1] Genome Stability Laboratory, Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland [2] [3]
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Park HS, Schoenfeld JD, Mailhot RB, Shive M, Hartman RI, Ogembo R, Mucci LA. Statins and prostate cancer recurrence following radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:1427-34. [PMID: 23508824 PMCID: PMC3660083 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this meta-analysis, we evaluated associations between statins and recurrence-free survival (RFS) following treatment of localized prostate cancer, with attention to potential benefits among patients treated primarily with radiotherapy (RT) versus radical prostatectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified original studies examining the effect of statins on men who received definitive treatment of localized prostate cancer using a systematic search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases through August 2012. Our search yielded 17 eligible studies from 794 references; 13 studies with hazard ratios (HRs) for RFS were included in the formal meta-analysis. RESULTS Overall, statins did not affect RFS (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.74-1.08). However, in RT patients (six studies), statins were associated with a statistically significant improvement in RFS (HR 0.68; 95% CI 0.49-0.93); this benefit was not observed in radical prostatectomy patients (seven studies). Sensitivity analyses suggested that primary treatment modality may impact the effect of statins on prostate cancer recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis suggests a potentially beneficial effect of statins on prostate cancer patients treated with RT but not among radical prostatectomy patients. Although limited by the lack of randomized data, these results suggest that primary treatment modality should be considered in future studies examining associations between statins and oncologic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Park
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
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WANG XIAOBIN, MA ZHIKUN, XIAO ZHENG, LIU HUI, DOU ZHONGLING, FENG XIAOSHAN, SHI HAIJUN. Chk1 knockdown confers radiosensitization in prostate cancer stem cells. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:2247-54. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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