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Hernández-Martín N, Martínez MG, Bascuñana P, Fernández de la Rosa R, García-García L, Gómez F, Solas M, Martín ED, Pozo MA. Astrocytic Ca 2+ activation by chemogenetics mitigates the effect of kainic acid-induced excitotoxicity on the hippocampus. Glia 2024. [PMID: 39188024 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytes play a multifaceted role regulating brain glucose metabolism, ion homeostasis, neurotransmitters clearance, and water dynamics being essential in supporting synaptic function. Under different pathological conditions such as brain stroke, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative disorders, excitotoxicity plays a crucial role, however, the contribution of astrocytic activity in protecting neurons from excitotoxicity-induced damage is yet to be fully understood. In this work, we evaluated the effect of astrocytic activation by Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) on brain glucose metabolism in wild-type (WT) mice, and we investigated the effects of sustained astrocyte activation following an insult induced by intrahippocampal (iHPC) kainic acid (KA) injection using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, along with behavioral test, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and histochemistry. Astrocytic Ca2+ activation increased the 18F-FDG uptake, but this effect was not found when the study was performed in knock out mice for type-2 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (Ip3r2-/-) nor in floxed mice to abolish glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression in hippocampal astrocytes (GLUT1ΔGFAP). Sustained astrocyte activation after KA injection reversed the brain glucose hypometabolism, restored hippocampal function, prevented neuronal death, and increased hippocampal GABA levels. The findings of our study indicate that astrocytic GLUT1 function is crucial for regulating brain glucose metabolism. Astrocytic Ca2+ activation has been shown to promote adaptive changes that significantly contribute to mitigating the effects of KA-induced damage. This evidence suggests a protective role of activated astrocytes against KA-induced excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nira Hernández-Martín
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Bascuñana
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Fernández de la Rosa
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Bioimac, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis García-García
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Gómez
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maite Solas
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Miguel A Pozo
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Said AI, Abdulahi M, Ali AO, Koshin AM, Walhad SA, Muse AH. Left temporal epilepsy unmasking tuberculoma in an immunocompetent adolescent: Case report. ATENCIÓN PRIMARIA PRÁCTICA 2024; 6:100198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appr.2024.100198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
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3
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Gomes-Duarte A, Venø MT, de Wit M, Senthilkumar K, Broekhoven MH, van den Herik J, Heeres FR, van Rossum D, Rybiczka-Tesulov M, Legnini I, van Rijen PC, van Eijsden P, Gosselaar PH, Rajewsky N, Kjems J, Vangoor VR, Pasterkamp RJ. Expression of Circ_Satb1 Is Decreased in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Regulates Dendritic Spine Morphology. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:832133. [PMID: 35310884 PMCID: PMC8927295 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.832133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is a chronic disease characterized by recurrent seizures that originate in the temporal lobes of the brain. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are the standard treatment for managing seizures in mTLE patients, but are frequently ineffective. Resective surgery is an option for some patients, but does not guarantee a postoperative seizure-free period. Therefore, further insight is needed into the pathogenesis of mTLE to enable the design of new therapeutic strategies. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified as important regulators of neuronal function and have been implicated in epilepsy. However, the mechanisms through which circRNAs contribute to epileptogenesis remain unknown. Here, we determine the circRNA transcriptome of the hippocampus and cortex of mTLE patients by using RNA-seq. We report 333 differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs between healthy individuals and mTLE patients, of which 23 circRNAs displayed significant adjusted p-values following multiple testing correction. Interestingly, hippocampal expression of circ_Satb1, a circRNA derived from special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 (SATB1), is decreased in both mTLE patients and in experimental epilepsy. Our work shows that circ_Satb1 displays dynamic patterns of neuronal expression in vitro and in vivo. Further, circ_Satb1-specific knockdown using CRISPR/CasRx approaches in hippocampal cultures leads to defects in dendritic spine morphology, a cellular hallmark of mTLE. Overall, our results identify a novel epilepsy-associated circRNA with disease-specific expression and previously unidentified cellular effects that are relevant for epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Gomes-Duarte
- Affiliated Partner of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Morten T. Venø
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Omiics ApS, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marina de Wit
- Affiliated Partner of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ketharini Senthilkumar
- Affiliated Partner of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mark H. Broekhoven
- Affiliated Partner of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joëlle van den Herik
- Affiliated Partner of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Fleur R. Heeres
- Affiliated Partner of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle van Rossum
- Affiliated Partner of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mateja Rybiczka-Tesulov
- Affiliated Partner of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ivano Legnini
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter C. van Rijen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pieter van Eijsden
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peter H. Gosselaar
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nikolaus Rajewsky
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vamshidhar R. Vangoor
- Affiliated Partner of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - R. Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Affiliated Partner of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: R. Jeroen Pasterkamp,
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Almeida GM, Souza JP, Mendes ND, Pontelli MC, Pinheiro NR, Nogueira GO, Cardoso RS, Paiva IM, Ferrari GD, Veras FP, Cunha FQ, Horta-Junior JAC, Alberici LC, Cunha TM, Podolsky-Gondim GG, Neder L, Arruda E, Sebollela A. Neural Infection by Oropouche Virus in Adult Human Brain Slices Induces an Inflammatory and Toxic Response. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:674576. [PMID: 34887719 PMCID: PMC8651276 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.674576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropouche virus (OROV) is an emerging arbovirus in South and Central Americas with high spreading potential. OROV infection has been associated with neurological complications and OROV genomic RNA has been detected in cerebrospinal fluid from patients, suggesting its neuroinvasive potential. Motivated by these findings, neurotropism and neuropathogenesis of OROV have been investigated in vivo in murine models, which do not fully recapitulate the complexity of the human brain. Here we have used slice cultures from adult human brains to investigate whether OROV is capable of infecting mature human neural cells in a context of preserved neural connections and brain cytoarchitecture. Our results demonstrate that human neural cells can be infected ex vivo by OROV and support the production of infectious viral particles. Moreover, OROV infection led to the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and diminished cell viability 48 h post-infection, indicating that OROV triggers an inflammatory response and tissue damage. Although OROV-positive neurons were observed, microglia were the most abundant central nervous system (CNS) cell type infected by OROV, suggesting that they play an important role in the response to CNS infection by OROV in the adult human brain. Importantly, we found no OROV-infected astrocytes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first direct demonstration of OROV infection in human brain cells. Combined with previous data from murine models and case reports of OROV genome detection in cerebrospinal fluid from patients, our data shed light on OROV neuropathogenesis and help raising awareness about acute and possibly chronic consequences of OROV infection in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia M. Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Center for Virus Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Juliano P. Souza
- Center for Virus Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Niele D. Mendes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marjorie C. Pontelli
- Center for Virus Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Nathalia R. Pinheiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Giovanna O. Nogueira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ricardo S. Cardoso
- Center for Virus Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Isadora M. Paiva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gustavo D. Ferrari
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Flávio P. Veras
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q. Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jose A. C. Horta-Junior
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology (Anatomy), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Luciane C. Alberici
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Thiago M. Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Guilherme G. Podolsky-Gondim
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Clinics Hospital, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luciano Neder
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eurico Arruda
- Center for Virus Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Adriano Sebollela
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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5
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Twible C, Abdo R, Zhang Q. Astrocyte Role in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Development of Mossy Fiber Sprouting. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:725693. [PMID: 34658792 PMCID: PMC8514632 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.725693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy affects approximately 50 million people worldwide, with 60% of adult epilepsies presenting an onset of focal origin. The most common focal epilepsy is temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The role of astrocytes in the presentation and development of TLE has been increasingly studied and discussed within the literature. The most common histopathological diagnosis of TLE is hippocampal sclerosis. Hippocampal sclerosis is characterized by neuronal cell loss within the Cornu ammonis and reactive astrogliosis. In some cases, mossy fiber sprouting may be observed. Mossy fiber sprouting has been controversial in its contribution to epileptogenesis in TLE patients, and the mechanisms surrounding the phenomenon have yet to be elucidated. Several studies have reported that mossy fiber sprouting has an almost certain co-existence with reactive astrogliosis within the hippocampus under epileptic conditions. Astrocytes are known to play an important role in the survival and axonal outgrowth of central and peripheral nervous system neurons, pointing to a potential role of astrocytes in TLE and associated cellular alterations. Herein, we review the recent developments surrounding the role of astrocytes in the pathogenic process of TLE and mossy fiber sprouting, with a focus on proposed signaling pathways and cellular mechanisms, histological observations, and clinical correlations in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Twible
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rober Abdo
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, University Hospital, London, ON, Canada
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Sitovskaya DA, Zabrodskaya YM, Sokolova TV, Kuralbaev AK, Nezdorovina VG, Dobrogorskaya LN. [Structural heterogeneity of epileptic foci in local drug-resistant epilepsy]. Arkh Patol 2020; 82:5-15. [PMID: 33274620 DOI: 10.17116/patol2020820615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study etiopathogenesis is one of the most important tasks of modern neurology. Various types of structural changes occur in drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE); however, they are described as distinct phenomena. OBJECTIVE To provide a comprehensive characterization of structural changes in the cortex and adjacent white matter in the electrophysiological activity zone (in the epileptic focus) in patients undergoing surgery for DRE. MATERIAL AND METHODS Biopsy material of fragments of the temporal lobe and hippocampus from 16 patients aged 21 to 54 years (mean age, 25 years) with DRE were intraoperatively obtained at the Prof. A.L. Polenov Russian Research Institute of Neurosurgery. The investigators studied histological sections stained with H&E, toluidine blue according to the Nissl method and the Spielmeyer method, as well as the results of immunohistochemical reactions with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, and neurofilaments (NF) (Dako antibodies, Denmark). RESULTS Histological examination revealed a set of heterogeneous changes, reflecting the complex pathogenetic interactions that developed during the formation of an epileptic focus. Structural brain damage involved both gray and white matter. Focal cortical dysplasia was diagnosed in 14 (87.5%) cases; white matter neuronal heterotopia in 100%; neuronal reactive and destructive changes in 100%; epileptic leukoencephalopathy (vascular demyelination, microcysts, sclerosis and dystonia, gliosis) in 100%, cortical atrophy in 12.5%, and hippocampal sclerosis in 20% (in 2 out of the 10 examinees). CONCLUSION The morphopathological heterogeneity in the structure of epileptic foci reflects the complexity of etiopathogenetic interactions, the polymorphism of epileptic manifestations, and the individual nature of formation of the epileptic system, which requires an integral approach to understanding the pathogenesis and morphogenesis of formation of the epileptic system and provides a direction for a personalized approach to epilepsy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Sitovskaya
- Prof. A.L. Polenov Russian Research Institute of Neurosurgery Branch of the V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yu M Zabrodskaya
- Prof. A.L. Polenov Russian Research Institute of Neurosurgery Branch of the V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia.,S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - T V Sokolova
- Prof. A.L. Polenov Russian Research Institute of Neurosurgery Branch of the V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A K Kuralbaev
- V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V G Nezdorovina
- Prof. A.L. Polenov Russian Research Institute of Neurosurgery Branch of the V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - L N Dobrogorskaya
- Prof. A.L. Polenov Russian Research Institute of Neurosurgery Branch of the V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Kong H, Wang H, Zhuo Z, Li Z, Tian P, Wu J, Liu J, Chen Z, Zhang J, Luo Q. Inhibition of miR-181a-5p reduces astrocyte and microglia activation and oxidative stress by activating SIRT1 in immature rats with epilepsy. J Transl Med 2020; 100:1223-1237. [PMID: 32461588 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, and this process has been shown to be implicated in the pathological processes of temporal lobe epilepsy. At present, studies about the impact of microRNA-181a (miR-181a) on epilepsy have focused on hippocampal neurons, and the effect of miR-181a on other cells in the hippocampus remains poorly understood. Herein, we explored the role of miR-181a-5p in a lithium-pilocarpine model of epilepticus in immature rats. We found that the hippocampal expression level of miR-181a-5p was increased. Inhibition of miR-181a-5p protected the hippocampus against epilepsy, including hippocampal insults, neuronal apoptosis, astrocyte and microglia activation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and cognitive dysfunction. Moreover, miR-181a-5p inhibition exerted a seizure-suppressing effect via SIRT1 upregulation. Overall, our findings reveal the potential role of the miR-181a-5p/SIRT1 pathway in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy, and this pathway may represent a novel target for ameliorating epilepsy and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, PR China.
| | - Huaili Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Zhihong Zhuo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Zhenbiao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Peichao Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jiyao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, PR China.
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8
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Sánchez RG, Parrish RR, Rich M, Webb WM, Lockhart RM, Nakao K, Ianov L, Buckingham SC, Broadwater DR, Jenkins A, de Lanerolle NC, Cunningham M, Eid T, Riley K, Lubin FD. Human and rodent temporal lobe epilepsy is characterized by changes in O-GlcNAc homeostasis that can be reversed to dampen epileptiform activity. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 124:531-543. [PMID: 30625365 PMCID: PMC6379093 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) is frequently associated with changes in protein composition and post-translational modifications (PTM) that exacerbate the disorder. O-linked-β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a PTM occurring at serine/threonine residues that is derived from and closely associated with metabolic substrates. The enzymes O-GlcNActransferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) mediate the addition and removal, respectively, of the O-GlcNAc modification. The goal of this study was to characterize OGT/OGA and protein O-GlcNAcylation in the epileptic hippocampus and to determine and whether direct manipulation of these proteins and PTM's alter epileptiform activity. We observed reduced global and protein specific O-GlcNAcylation and OGT expression in the kainate rat model of TLE and in human TLE hippocampal tissue. Inhibiting OGA with Thiamet-G elevated protein O-GlcNAcylation, and decreased both seizure duration and epileptic spike events, suggesting that OGA may be a therapeutic target for seizure control. These findings suggest that loss of O-GlcNAc homeostasis in the kainate model and in human TLE can be reversed via targeting of O-GlcNAc related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Sánchez
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - R Ryley Parrish
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Megan Rich
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - William M Webb
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Roxanne M Lockhart
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kazuhito Nakao
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Lara Ianov
- Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Susan C Buckingham
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Devin R Broadwater
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Alistair Jenkins
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Nihal C de Lanerolle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Mark Cunningham
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tore Eid
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kristen Riley
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Farah D Lubin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States.
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9
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Gerhauser I, Hansmann F, Ciurkiewicz M, Löscher W, Beineke A. Facets of Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus-Induced Diseases: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020448. [PMID: 30669615 PMCID: PMC6358740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), a naturally occurring, enteric pathogen of mice is a Cardiovirus of the Picornaviridae family. Low neurovirulent TMEV strains such as BeAn cause a severe demyelinating disease in susceptible SJL mice following intracerebral infection. Furthermore, TMEV infections of C57BL/6 mice cause acute polioencephalitis initiating a process of epileptogenesis that results in spontaneous recurrent epileptic seizures in approximately 50% of affected mice. Moreover, C3H mice develop cardiac lesions after an intraperitoneal high-dose application of TMEV. Consequently, TMEV-induced diseases are widely used as animal models for multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and myocarditis. The present review summarizes morphological lesions and pathogenic mechanisms triggered by TMEV with a special focus on the development of hippocampal degeneration and seizures in C57BL/6 mice as well as demyelination in the spinal cord in SJL mice. Furthermore, a detailed description of innate and adaptive immune responses is given. TMEV studies provide novel insights into the complexity of organ- and mouse strain-specific immunopathology and help to identify factors critical for virus persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Gerhauser
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Florian Hansmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
- Center for System Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Malgorzata Ciurkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
- Center for System Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Center for System Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
- Center for System Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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10
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Gillmann C, Coras R, Rössler K, Doerfler A, Uder M, Blümcke I, Bäuerle T. Ultra-high field MRI of human hippocampi: Morphological and multiparametric differentiation of hippocampal sclerosis subtypes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196008. [PMID: 29668721 PMCID: PMC5906020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to differentiate subtypes of hippocampal sclerosis (HS) using ex vivo ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Included were 14 surgically resected hippocampi of patients with medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. The resected hippocampi were histologically categorized into subtypes of hippocampal sclerosis (HS type 1 (n = 10), HS type 2 (n = 2) and no-HS (n = 2)) and subsequently scanned on a preclinical 7T MRI acquiring T2-weighted morphology, relaxometry and diffusion tensor imaging. On the morphological images, the pyramidal cell layer (PCL) of the hippocampus was segmented and the following parameters were derived: T2 signal intensity, T1-, T2- and T2*-relaxation times, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). Furthermore, the area of the PCL was determined, as well as the parameter product which refers to the widths of the PCL parallel and perpendicular to the stratum moleculare. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to demonstrate relationships between MR-parameters and type of sclerosis. In comparison to no-HS specimens, the PCL was significantly narrower in HS type 1 and HS type 2 hippocampi. This narrowing affected the entire cornu ammonis sector (CA) 1 in HS type 1, while it was limited to the upper half of CA1 in direction to CA2 in HS type 2. The parameter product median increased from 0.43 to 1.67 and 2.91 mm2 for HS type 1, HS type 2 and no-HS, respectively. Correlation coefficients were significant for the PCL parameters product (0.73), area (0.71), T2*-time (-0.67), FA (0.65) and ADC (0.55). Our initial results suggest that HS type 1, HS type 2 and no-HS subtypes can be distinguished from each other using ex vivo UHF MRI based on T2-weighted morphologic images and the assessment of the parameter product. Upon clinical translation, UHF-MRI may provide a promising technique for the preoperative differentiation of HS subtypes in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Gillmann
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Roland Coras
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Rössler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Doerfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingmar Blümcke
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Middleton OL, Atherton DS, Bundock EA, Donner E, Friedman D, Hesdorffer DC, Jarrell HS, McCrillis AM, Mena OJ, Morey M, Thurman DJ, Tian N, Tomson T, Tseng ZH, White S, Wright C, Devinsky O. National Association of Medical Examiners Position Paper: Recommendations for the Investigation and Certification of Deaths in People with Epilepsy. Acad Forensic Pathol 2018; 8:119-135. [PMID: 31240030 PMCID: PMC6474453 DOI: 10.23907/2018.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sudden unexpected death of an individual with epilepsy (SUDEP) can pose a challenge to death investigators, as most deaths are unwitnessed and the individual is commonly found dead in bed. Anatomic findings (e.g., tongue/lip bite) are commonly absent and of varying specificity, limiting the evidence to implicate epilepsy as a cause of or contributor to death. Thus, it is likely that death certificates significantly underrepresent the true number of deaths in which epilepsy was a factor. To address this, members of the National Association of Medical Examiners, North American SUDEP Registry, Epilepsy Foundation SUDEP Institute, American Epilepsy Society, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened an expert panel to generate evidence-based recommendations for the practice of death investigation and autopsy, toxicological analysis, interpretation of autopsy and toxicology findings, and death certification to improve the precision of death certificate data available for public health surveillance of epilepsy-related deaths. The recommendations provided in this paper are intended to assist medical examiners, coroners, and death investigators when a sudden, unexpected death in a person with epilepsy is encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel S. Atherton
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Anatomic Pathology, Division of Forensic Pathology
| | | | - Elizabeth Donner
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, The Hospital for Sick Children - Toronto
| | | | | | - Heather S. Jarrell
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Office of the Medical Investigator
| | | | | | | | | | - Niu Tian
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health, Epilepsy Program
| | - Torbjörn Tomson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - Zian H. Tseng
- University of California, San Francisco, Cardiac Electrophysiology Section, Cardiology Division
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12
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Middleton O, Atherton D, Bundock E, Donner E, Friedman D, Hesdorffer D, Jarrell H, McCrillis A, Mena OJ, Morey M, Thurman D, Tian N, Tomson T, Tseng Z, White S, Wright C, Devinsky O. National Association of Medical Examiners position paper: Recommendations for the investigation and certification of deaths in people with epilepsy. Epilepsia 2018; 59:530-543. [PMID: 29492970 PMCID: PMC6084455 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sudden unexpected death of an individual with epilepsy can pose a challenge to death investigators, as most deaths are unwitnessed, and the individual is commonly found dead in bed. Anatomic findings (eg, tongue/lip bite) are commonly absent and of varying specificity, thereby limiting the evidence to implicate epilepsy as a cause of or contributor to death. Thus it is likely that death certificates significantly underrepresent the true number of deaths in which epilepsy was a factor. To address this, members of the National Association of Medical Examiners, North American SUDEP Registry, Epilepsy Foundation SUDEP Institute, American Epilepsy Society, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention constituted an expert panel to generate evidence-based recommendations for the practice of death investigation and autopsy, toxicological analysis, interpretation of autopsy and toxicology findings, and death certification to improve the precision of death certificate data available for public health surveillance of epilepsy-related deaths. The recommendations provided in this paper are intended to assist medical examiners, coroners, and death investigators when a sudden unexpected death in a person with epilepsy is encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Middleton
- Hennepin County Medical Examiner’s Office, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Atherton
- Anatomic Pathology, Division of Forensic Pathology, Cooper Green Hospital, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Donner
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Friedman
- Department of Neurology, Langone Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dale Hesdorffer
- Gertrude H Sergievsky Center and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heather Jarrell
- Office of the Medical Investigator, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Aileen McCrillis
- New York University Langone Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Othon J. Mena
- Ventura County Office of Chief Medical Examiner, Ventura, CA, USA
| | - Mitchel Morey
- Hennepin County Medical Examiner’s Office, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David Thurman
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Niu Tian
- Division of Population Health, Epilepsy Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Torbjörn Tomson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zian Tseng
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Section, Cardiology Division, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven White
- Office of the Medical Examiner, Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, Langone Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Merelli A, Rodríguez JCG, Folch J, Regueiro MR, Camins A, Lazarowski A. Understanding the Role of Hypoxia Inducible Factor During Neurodegeneration for New Therapeutics Opportunities. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:1484-1498. [PMID: 29318974 PMCID: PMC6295932 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180110130253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration (NDG) is linked with the progressive loss of neural function with intellectual and/or motor impairment. Several diseases affecting older individuals, including Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, Multiple Sclerosis and many others, are the most relevant disorders associated with NDG. Since other pathologies such as refractory epilepsy, brain infections, or hereditary diseases such as "neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation", also lead to chronic brain inflammation with loss of neural cells, NDG can be said to affect all ages. Owing to an energy and/or oxygen supply imbalance, different signaling mechanisms including MAPK/PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, glutamatergic synapse formation, and/or translocation of phosphatidylserine, might activate some central executing mechanism common to all these pathologies and also related to oxidative stress. Hypoxia inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α) plays a twofold role through gene activation, in the sense that this factor has to "choose" whether to protect or to kill the affected cells. Most of the afore-mentioned processes follow a protracted course and are accompanied by progressive iron accumulation in the brain. We hypothesize that the neuroprotective effects of iron chelators are acting against the generation of free radicals derived from iron, and also induce sufficient -but not excessive- activation of HIF-1α, so that only the hypoxia-rescue genes will be activated. In this regard, the expression of the erythropoietin receptor in hypoxic/inflammatory neurons could be the cellular "sign" to act upon by the nasal administration of pharmacological doses of Neuro-EPO, inducing not only neuroprotection, but eventually, neurorepair as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Lazarowski
- Address correspondence to this author at the Clinical Biochemistry Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires-Argentina, Junín 954, Buenos Aires-Argentina; Tel: +54-11-5950-8674;, E-mail:
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14
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DePaula-Silva AB, Hanak TJ, Libbey JE, Fujinami RS. Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus infection of SJL/J and C57BL/6J mice: Models for multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 308:30-42. [PMID: 28237622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models are great tools to study the mechanisms of disease development. Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus is used in two distinct viral infection mouse models to study the human diseases multiple sclerosis (MS) and epilepsy. Intracerebral (i.c.) infection of the SJL/J mouse strain results in persistent viral infection of the central nervous system and a MS-like disease, while i.c. infection of the C57BL/6J mouse strain results in acute seizures and epilepsy. Our understanding of how the immune system contributes to the development of two disparate diseases caused by the same virus is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz DePaula-Silva
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tyler J Hanak
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jane E Libbey
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Robert S Fujinami
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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15
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Choi HS, Lee CH. Time-course changes of hippocalcin expression in the mouse hippocampus following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. J Vet Sci 2016; 17:137-44. [PMID: 26435544 PMCID: PMC4921661 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.2.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocalcin participates in the maintenance of neuronal calcium homeostasis. In the present study, we examined the time-course changes of neuronal degeneration and hippocalcin protein level in the mouse hippocampus following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE). Marked neuronal degeneration was observed in the hippocampus after SE in a time-dependent manner, although neuronal degeneration differed according to the hippocampal subregions. Almost no hippocalcin immunoreactivity was detected in the pyramidal neurons of the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region from 6 h after SE. However, many pyramidal neurons in the CA2 region showed hippocalcin immunoreactivity until 24 h after SE. In the CA3 region, only a few hippocalcin immunoreactive cells were observed at 12 h after SE, and almost no hippocalcin immunoreactivity was observed in the pyramidal neurons from 24 h after SE. Hippocalcin immunoreactivity in the polymorphic cells of the dentate gyrus was markedly decreased from 6 h after SE. In addition, hippocalcin protein level in the hippocampus began to decrease from 6 h after SE, and was significantly decreased at 24 h and 48 h after pilocarpine-induced SE. These results indicate that marked reduction of hippocalcin level may be closely related to neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus following pilocarpine-induced SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Soo Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Choong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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16
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Loewen JL, Barker-Haliski ML, Dahle EJ, White HS, Wilcox KS. Neuronal Injury, Gliosis, and Glial Proliferation in Two Models of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:366-78. [PMID: 26945036 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that 30%-40% of epilepsy patients are refractory to therapy and animal models are useful for the identification of more efficacious therapeutic agents. Various well-characterized syndrome-specific models are needed to assess their relevance to human seizure disorders and their validity for testing potential therapies. The corneal kindled mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) allows for the rapid screening of investigational compounds, but there is a lack of information as to the specific inflammatory pathology in this model. Similarly, the Theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) model of TLE may prove to be useful for screening, but quantitative assessment of hippocampal pathology is also lacking. We used immunohistochemistry to characterize and quantitate acute neuronal injury and inflammatory features in dorsal CA1 and dentate gyrus regions and in the directly overlying posterior parietal cortex at 2 time points in each of these TLE models. Corneal kindled mice were observed to have astrogliosis, but not microgliosis or neuron cell death. In contrast, TMEV-injected mice had astrogliosis, microgliosis, neuron death, and astrocyte and microglial proliferation. Our results suggest that these 2 animal models might be appropriate for evaluation of distinct therapies for TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaycie L Loewen
- From the Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience (JLL, HSW, KSW); HHMI Med into Grad Program (JLL); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (JLL, MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW); and Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program (MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Melissa L Barker-Haliski
- From the Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience (JLL, HSW, KSW); HHMI Med into Grad Program (JLL); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (JLL, MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW); and Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program (MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - E Jill Dahle
- From the Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience (JLL, HSW, KSW); HHMI Med into Grad Program (JLL); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (JLL, MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW); and Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program (MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - H Steve White
- From the Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience (JLL, HSW, KSW); HHMI Med into Grad Program (JLL); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (JLL, MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW); and Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program (MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Karen S Wilcox
- From the Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience (JLL, HSW, KSW); HHMI Med into Grad Program (JLL); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (JLL, MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW); and Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program (MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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17
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Goubran M, Bernhardt BC, Cantor‐Rivera D, Lau JC, Blinston C, Hammond RR, de Ribaupierre S, Burneo JG, Mirsattari SM, Steven DA, Parrent AG, Bernasconi A, Bernasconi N, Peters TM, Khan AR. In vivo MRI signatures of hippocampal subfield pathology in intractable epilepsy. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:1103-19. [PMID: 26679097 PMCID: PMC6867266 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim is to assess the subfield-specific histopathological correlates of hippocampal volume and intensity changes (T1, T2) as well as diff!usion MRI markers in TLE, and investigate the efficacy of quantitative MRI measures in predicting histopathology in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We correlated in vivo volumetry, T2 signal, quantitative T1 mapping, as well as diffusion MRI parameters with histological features of hippocampal sclerosis in a subfield-specific manner. We made use of on an advanced co-registration pipeline that provided a seamless integration of preoperative 3 T MRI with postoperative histopathological data, on which metrics of cell loss and gliosis were quantitatively assessed in CA1, CA2/3, and CA4/DG. PRINCIPAL OBSERVATIONS MRI volumes across all subfields were positively correlated with neuronal density and size. Higher T2 intensity related to increased GFAP fraction in CA1, while quantitative T1 and diffusion MRI parameters showed negative correlations with neuronal density in CA4 and DG. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that in vivo multiparametric MRI can predict neuronal loss in all the analyzed subfields with up to 90% accuracy. CONCLUSION Our results, based on an accurate co-registration pipeline and a subfield-specific analysis of MRI and histology, demonstrate the potential of MRI volumetry, diffusion, and quantitative T1 as accurate in vivo biomarkers of hippocampal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Goubran
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research InstituteLondonOntarioCanada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate ProgramWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Boris C. Bernhardt
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy LaboratoryMcConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Diego Cantor‐Rivera
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research InstituteLondonOntarioCanada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate ProgramWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Jonathan C. Lau
- Department of Clinical Neurological SciencesEpilepsy Program, Western UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Charlotte Blinston
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research InstituteLondonOntarioCanada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate ProgramWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Robert R. Hammond
- Department of PathologyDivision of NeuropathologyLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Sandrine de Ribaupierre
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate ProgramWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
- Department of Clinical Neurological SciencesEpilepsy Program, Western UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
- Department of Medical BiophysicsWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Jorge G. Burneo
- Department of Clinical Neurological SciencesEpilepsy Program, Western UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Seyed M. Mirsattari
- Department of Clinical Neurological SciencesEpilepsy Program, Western UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
- Department of Medical BiophysicsWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
- Department of Medical ImagingWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - David A. Steven
- Department of Clinical Neurological SciencesEpilepsy Program, Western UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Andrew G. Parrent
- Department of Clinical Neurological SciencesEpilepsy Program, Western UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Andrea Bernasconi
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy LaboratoryMcConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Neda Bernasconi
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy LaboratoryMcConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Terry M. Peters
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research InstituteLondonOntarioCanada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate ProgramWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
- Department of Medical BiophysicsWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Ali R. Khan
- Department of Medical BiophysicsWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
- Department of Medical ImagingWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
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18
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Modo M, Hitchens TK, Liu JR, Richardson RM. Detection of aberrant hippocampal mossy fiber connections: Ex vivo mesoscale diffusion MRI and microtractography with histological validation in a patient with uncontrolled temporal lobe epilepsy. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 37:780-95. [PMID: 26611565 PMCID: PMC4718824 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the neurobiology and functional connectivity of hippocampal structures is essential for improving the treatment of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. At the macroscale, in vivo MRI often reveals hippocampal atrophy and decreased fractional anisotropy, whereas at the microscopic scale, there frequently is evidence of neuronal loss and gliosis. Mossy fiber sprouting in the dentate gyrus (DG), with evidence of glutamatergic synapses in the stratum moleculare (SM) putatively originating from granule cell neurons, may also be observed. This aberrant connection between the DG and SM could produce a reverberant excitatory circuit. However, this hypothesis cannot easily be evaluated using macroscopic or microscopic techniques. We here demonstrate that the ex vivo mesoscopic MRI of surgically excised hippocampi can bridge the explanatory and analytical gap between the macro‐ and microscopic scale. Specifically, diffusion‐ and T2‐weighted MRI can be integrated to visualize a cytoarchitecture that is akin to immunohistochemistry. An appropriate spatial resolution to discern individual cell layers can then be established. Processing of diffusion tensor images using tractography detects extra‐ and intrahippocampal connections, hence providing a unique systems view of the hippocampus and its connected regions. Here, this approach suggests that there is indeed an aberrant connection between the DG and SM, supporting the sprouting hypothesis of a reverberant excitatory network. Mesoscopic ex vivo MR imaging hence provides an exciting new avenue to study hippocampi from treatment‐resistant patients and allows exploration of existing hypotheses, as well as the development of new treatment strategies based on these novel insights. Hum Brain Mapp 37:780–795, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Modo
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Centre for the Neural Basis of Behavior, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - T Kevin Hitchens
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessie R Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - R Mark Richardson
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Centre for the Neural Basis of Behavior, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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19
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Dual Pathology in Rasmussen's Encephalitis: A Report of Coexistent Focal Cortical Dysplasia and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Pathol 2012; 2012:569170. [PMID: 23056977 PMCID: PMC3465884 DOI: 10.1155/2012/569170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rasmussen's encephalitis is a well-established, albeit rare cause of medically intractable epilepsy. In a small number of Rasmussen's cases, a second pathology is identified, which independently can cause medically intractable seizures (dual pathology). This paper documents a case of a 13-year-old male who presented with medically intractable epilepsy. The patient underwent a series of surgical resections, early on resulting in a diagnosis of focal cortical dysplasia and later yielding a diagnosis of coexistent Rasmussen's encephalitis, marked by chronic inflammation, microglial nodules, and focal cortical atrophy, combined with focal cortical dysplasia (Palmini et al. type IIA, ILAE type IIA). The literature on dual pathology in the setting of Rasmussen's encephalitis is reviewed.
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