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Shao Y, Wu W, Fan F, Liu H, Ming Y, Liao W, Bai C, Gao Y. Extracellular Vesicle Content Changes Induced by Melatonin Promote Functional Recovery of Pancreatic Beta Cells in Acute Pancreatitis. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:6397-6413. [PMID: 38161354 PMCID: PMC10757806 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s430916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas, which causes abnormal activation of immune cells. The macrophages were accumulated in pancreas and infiltrated into islets during the AP process to induce abnormal glucose metabolism. However, the role of macrophages in abnormal glucose metabolism remains understood. Extracellular vesicles act in the regulation of intercellular function, but whether EVs secreted by macrophages contribute to β cell failure and apoptosis in AP is unclear. Based on this, the aim of this study was to reveal the role of macrophages-EVs in AP and develop a treatment for symptoms of hyperglycemia in AP. Methods The AP model was established and treated by various doses of melatonin to analyze the therapeutic effect. The accumulation and polarization of macrophages in the AP pancreas were observed, and the β cells were incubated with pancreatic derived EVs to analyze the role in β cell failure and apoptosis. Results The results showed that macrophages were recruited and polarized to M1 phenotype macrophages in the pancreas of AP mice, which obtained inflammatory EVs that contained specific miRNAs to induce β cell failure and apoptosis. Then, the EVs derived from M1 macrophages triggered β cell failure and apoptosis. Melatonin prevented polarization of macrophages to the M1 phenotype in vivo, which reduced the secretion of inflammatory EVs, changed the abundance of miRNAs in EVs, and therefore decreased inflammatory EV-mediated β cell failure and apoptosis. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that similar to 20S proteasome inhibitor MG132, analyses indicated that melatonin prevented degradation of IκBα through the ubiquitylation pathway to restrict p50 subunits to the cytoplasm of macrophages, inhibited activation of the NF-κB pathway to downregulate the transcription of specific miRNAs, and reduced miRNA transport into EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Shao
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Forensic Science Center of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxiang Wu
- Precision Medicine Laboratory for Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases of Shandong Province, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangzhou Fan
- Precision Medicine Laboratory for Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases of Shandong Province, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongliang Ming
- Precision Medicine Laboratory for Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases of Shandong Province, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wangwei Liao
- Precision Medicine Laboratory for Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases of Shandong Province, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Bai
- Precision Medicine Laboratory for Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases of Shandong Province, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Gao
- Precision Medicine Laboratory for Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases of Shandong Province, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, People’s Republic of China
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Wang J, Wang J, Wang Y, Ma R, Zhang S, Zheng J, Xue W, Ding X. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived miR-21-5p Protects Grafted Islets Against Apoptosis by Targeting PDCD4. Stem Cells 2022; 41:169-183. [PMID: 36512434 PMCID: PMC9982070 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The apoptosis of grafted islets is an urgent problem due to the high rate of islet loss soon after transplantation. MicroRNA-21-5p (miR-21-5p) is an essential mediator of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (BMSCs-Exo) during anti-apoptosis, but its effect and the underlying molecular mechanism in islet transplantation remain partially understood. Here, we found that miR-21-5p could be delivered to islet cells via BMSCs-Exo. Subsequently, we demonstrated that miR-21-5p overexpression reduced apoptosis in islets and INS-1 cells, whereas miR-21-5p inhibition enhanced apoptosis. A mechanistic analysis involving RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis was performed to determine the interaction between miR-21-5p and its target gene programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), which was further verified by a dual luciferase assay. In vivo, the grafted islets overexpressing miR-21-5p showed a higher survival rate, better insulin secretion function, and a lower apoptosis rate. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that miR‑21‑5p from BMSCs-Exo protects against the apoptosis of grafted islets by inhibiting PDCD4 expression. Hence, miR-21-5p can be used as a cell-free therapeutic agent to minimize β-cell apoptosis at the early stage of islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ying Wang
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Western Rd, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiyang Ma
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Western Rd, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shucong Zhang
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Western Rd, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Western Rd, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wujun Xue
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Western Rd, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Ding
- Corresponding author: Xiaoming Ding, Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Western Rd, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China. Tel: +8613991238632; E-mail:
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β-Cell pre-mir-21 induces dysfunction and loss of cellular identity by targeting transforming growth factor beta 2 (Tgfb2) and Smad family member 2 (Smad2) mRNAs. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101289. [PMID: 34246804 PMCID: PMC8361274 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE β-cell microRNA-21 (miR-21) is increased by islet inflammatory stress but it decreases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Thus, we sought to define the effects of miR-21 on β-cell function using in vitro and in vivo systems. METHODS We developed a tetracycline-on system of pre-miR-21 induction in clonal β-cells and human islets, along with transgenic zebrafish and mouse models of β-cell-specific pre-miR-21 overexpression. RESULTS β-cell miR-21 induction markedly reduced GSIS and led to reductions in transcription factors associated with β-cell identity and increased markers of dedifferentiation, which led us to hypothesize that miR-21 induces β-cell dysfunction by loss of cell identity. In silico analysis identified transforming growth factor-beta 2 (Tgfb2) and Smad family member 2 (Smad2) mRNAs as predicted miR-21 targets associated with the maintenance of β-cell identity. Tgfb2 and Smad2 were confirmed as direct miR-21 targets through RT-PCR, immunoblot, pulldown, and luciferase assays. In vivo zebrafish and mouse models exhibited glucose intolerance, decreased peak GSIS, decreased expression of β-cell identity markers, increased insulin and glucagon co-staining cells, and reduced Tgfb2 and Smad2 expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings implicate miR-21-mediated reduction of mRNAs specifying β-cell identity as a contributor to β-cell dysfunction by the loss of cellular differentiation.
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Inoue K, Ng C, Xia Y, Zhao B. Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Resorption by miRNAs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:651161. [PMID: 34222229 PMCID: PMC8249944 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.651161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are specialized bone-resorbing cells that contribute to physiological bone development and remodeling in bone metabolism throughout life. Abnormal production and activation of osteoclasts lead to excessive bone resorption in pathological conditions, such as in osteoporosis and in arthritic diseases with bone destruction. Recent epigenetic studies have shed novel insight into the dogma of the regulation of gene expression. microRNAs belong to a category of epigenetic regulators, which post-transcriptionally regulate and silence target gene expression, and thereby control a variety of biological events. In this review, we discuss miRNA biogenesis, the mechanisms utilized by miRNAs, several miRNAs that play important roles in osteoclast differentiation, function, survival and osteoblast-to-osteoclast communication, and their translational potential and challenges in bone biology and skeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Inoue
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Courtney Ng
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yuhan Xia
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States
| | - Baohong Zhao
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Baohong Zhao,
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Abstract
MicroRNAs orchestrate the tight regulation of numerous cellular processes and the deregulation in their activities has been implicated in many diseases, including diabetes and cancer. There is an increasing amount of epidemiological evidence associating diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus, to an elevated risk of various cancer types, including breast cancer. However, little is yet known about the underlying molecular mechanisms and even less about the role miRNAs play in driving the tumorigenic potential of the cell signaling underlying diabetes pathogenesis. This article reviews the role of miRNA in bridging the diabetes–breast cancer association by discussing specific miRNAs that are implicated in diabetes and breast cancer and highlighting the overlap between the disease-specific regulatory miRNA networks to identify a 20-miRNA signature that is common to both diseases. Potential therapeutic targeting of these molecular players may help to alleviate the socioeconomic burden on public health that is imposed by the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)–breast cancer association.
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Lu K, Chen Q, Li M, He L, Riaz F, Zhang T, Li D. Programmed cell death factor 4 (PDCD4), a novel therapy target for metabolic diseases besides cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 159:150-163. [PMID: 32745771 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death factor 4 (PDCD4) is originally described as a tumor suppressor gene that exerts antineoplastic effects by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Several investigations have probed the aberrant expression of PDCD4 with the progression of metabolic diseases, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. It has been ascertained that PDCD4 causes glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, chronic inflammatory response, and gut flora disorders to regulate the progression of metabolic diseases. This review aims to summarize the latest researches to uncover the structure, expression regulation, and biological functions of PDCD4 and to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of the development of tumors and metabolic diseases. This review has emphasized the understanding of the PDCD4 role and to provide new ideas for the research, diagnosis, and treatment of tumors and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Mengda Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Farooq Riaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Tianyun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Dongmin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
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Guay C, Jacovetti C, Bayazit MB, Brozzi F, Rodriguez-Trejo A, Wu K, Regazzi R. Roles of Noncoding RNAs in Islet Biology. Compr Physiol 2020; 10:893-932. [PMID: 32941685 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that most mammalian genome sequences are transcribed to ribonucleic acids (RNA) has revolutionized our understanding of the mechanisms governing key cellular processes and of the causes of human diseases, including diabetes mellitus. Pancreatic islet cells were found to contain thousands of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including micro-RNAs (miRNAs), PIWI-associated RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, tRNA-derived fragments, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs. While the involvement of miRNAs in islet function and in the etiology of diabetes is now well documented, there is emerging evidence indicating that other classes of ncRNAs are also participating in different aspects of islet physiology. The aim of this article will be to provide a comprehensive and updated view of the studies carried out in human samples and rodent models over the past 15 years on the role of ncRNAs in the control of α- and β-cell development and function and to highlight the recent discoveries in the field. We not only describe the role of ncRNAs in the control of insulin and glucagon secretion but also address the contribution of these regulatory molecules in the proliferation and survival of islet cells under physiological and pathological conditions. It is now well established that most cells release part of their ncRNAs inside small extracellular vesicles, allowing the delivery of genetic material to neighboring or distantly located target cells. The role of these secreted RNAs in cell-to-cell communication between β-cells and other metabolic tissues as well as their potential use as diabetes biomarkers will be discussed. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:893-932, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiane Guay
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Jacovetti
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mustafa Bilal Bayazit
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Flora Brozzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adriana Rodriguez-Trejo
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kejing Wu
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romano Regazzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Saravanan PB, Vasu S, Yoshimatsu G, Darden CM, Wang X, Gu J, Lawrence MC, Naziruddin B. Differential expression and release of exosomal miRNAs by human islets under inflammatory and hypoxic stress. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1901-1914. [PMID: 31372667 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pancreatic islets produce non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate islet cell function and survival. Our earlier investigations revealed that human islets undergo significant damage due to various types of stresses following transplantation and release miRNAs. Here, we sought to identify and validate exosomal miRNAs (exo-miRNAs) produced by human islets under conditions of cellular stress, preceding loss of cell function and death. We also aimed to identify islet stress signalling pathways targeted by exo-miRNAs to elucidate potential regulatory roles in islet cell stress. METHODS Human islets were subjected to proinflammatory cytokine and hypoxic cell stress and miRNA from exosomes was isolated for RNA sequencing and analysis. Stress-induced exo-miRNAs were evaluated for kinetics of expression and release by intact islets for up to 48 h exposure to cytokines and hypoxia. A subset of stress-induced exo-miRNAs were assessed for recovery and detection as biomarkers of islet cell stress in a diabetic nude mouse xenotransplant model and in patients undergoing total pancreatectomy with islet auto-transplantation (TPIAT). Genes and signalling pathways targeted by stress-induced exo-miRNAs were identified by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis and direct interactions of miRNAs with downstream signalling targets were validated in human islet cells using the miRNA Tests for Read Analysis and Prediction (MirTrap) system. RESULTS Global exo-miRNA sequencing revealed that 879 miRNA species were released from human islets and 190 islet exo-miRNAs were differentially expressed in response to proinflammatory cytokines, hypoxia or both. Release of exo-miRNAs hsa-miR-29b-3p and hsa-miR-216a-5p was detected within 6 h of exposure to cytokines and hypoxia. The remaining subset of stress-induced exo-miRNAs, including hsa-miR-148a-3p and islet cell damage marker hsa-miR-375, showed delayed release at 24-48 h, correlating with apoptosis and cell death. Stress and damage exo-miRNAs were significantly elevated in the circulation in human-to-mouse xenotransplant models and in human transplant recipients. Elevated blood exo-miRNAs negatively correlated with post-transplant islet function based on comparisons of stress and damage exo-miRNA indices with Secretory Unit of Islet Transplant Objects (SUITO) indices. KEGG analysis and further validation of exo-miRNA targets by MirTrap analysis revealed significant enrichment of islet mRNAs involved in phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The study identifies exo-miRNAs differentially expressed and released by islets in response to damage and stress. These exo-miRNAs could serve as potential biomarkers for assessing islet damage and predicting outcomes in islet transplantation. Notably, exo-miRNAs 29b-3p and 216a-5p could be detected in islets prior to damage-released miRNAs and indicators of cellular apoptosis and death. Thus, these stress-induced exo-miRNAs may have potential diagnostic value for detecting early islet stress prior to progressive loss of islet cell mass and function. Further investigations are warranted to investigate the utility of these exo-miRNAs as early indicators of islet cell stress during prediabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathab Balaji Saravanan
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Srividya Vasu
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, 3434 Live Oak Street, Dallas, TX, 75204, USA
| | - Gumpei Yoshimatsu
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, 3434 Live Oak Street, Dallas, TX, 75204, USA
| | - Carly M Darden
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, 3434 Live Oak Street, Dallas, TX, 75204, USA
| | - Xuan Wang
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, 3434 Live Oak Street, Dallas, TX, 75204, USA
| | - Jinghua Gu
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, 3434 Live Oak Street, Dallas, TX, 75204, USA
| | - Michael C Lawrence
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, 3434 Live Oak Street, Dallas, TX, 75204, USA.
| | - Bashoo Naziruddin
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Simmons Transplant Institute, 3410 Worth Street, Suite 950, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.
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Pettiette MT, Zhang S, Moretti AJ, Kim SJ, Naqvi AR, Nares S. MicroRNA Expression Profiles in External Cervical Resorption. J Endod 2019; 45:1106-1113.e2. [PMID: 31351582 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION External cervical resorption (ECR) has been challenging for its diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Its etiology and pathogenesis are largely unknown. This study characterized microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns of human tissues from ECR lesions and identified potential messenger RNA targets and pathways. METHODS Granulomatous tissues from ECR (n = 5) and their adjacent nonaffected asymptomatic gingival connective tissues (n = 5) were collected. Similarly, chronic periodontitis (CP) and control samples were collected (n = 3). Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction array analysis compared the expression profiles of 88 miRNAs between diseases. Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified using the Student t test. Bioinformatics for messenger RNA (miRWalk) and KEGG pathway analyses were performed to identify predicted target genes and biological/cellular functions and signaling pathways. RESULTS Three miRNAs (miR-20a-5p, miR-210-3p, and miR-99a-4p) were significantly down-regulated and 1 miRNA (miR-122-5p) was significantly up-regulated in ECR (P < .05). One up-regulated and 1 down-regulated miRNA reached the significance threshold in CP. A comparison of miRNA expression in ECR and CP identified 3 differentially expressed miRNAs, indicating differences in disease pathobiology. Inflammation-associated Wnt, PI3K-Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling, and bone formation-associated transforming growth factor beta pathways were identified and predicted to be modulated by differentially expressed miRNAs in both ECR and CP. Biological processes unique to each disease entity were identified, such as T- and B-cell receptor signaling pathways, osteoclast differentiation, and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction for CP. Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, mineral absorption, and insulin signaling pathways for ECR were identified. CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-principle in vivo study indicated that ECR has both common and unique miRNA expression profiles in comparison with CP, which are predicted to target genes regulating inflammation, immunity, and metabolism of mineralized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary T Pettiette
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Shaoping Zhang
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
| | - Antonio J Moretti
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Steven J Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Afsar R Naqvi
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Salvador Nares
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Stefan-Lifshitz M, Karakose E, Cui L, Ettela A, Yi Z, Zhang W, Tomer Y. Epigenetic modulation of β cells by interferon-α via PNPT1/mir-26a/TET2 triggers autoimmune diabetes. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126663. [PMID: 30721151 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells. Mounting evidence supports a central role for β cell alterations in triggering the activation of self-reactive T cells in T1D. However, the early deleterious events that occur in β cells, underpinning islet autoimmunity, are not known. We hypothesized that epigenetic modifications induced in β cells by inflammatory mediators play a key role in initiating the autoimmune response. We analyzed DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns and gene expression in human islets exposed to IFN-α, a cytokine associated with T1D development. We found that IFN-α triggers DNA demethylation and increases expression of genes controlling inflammatory and immune pathways. We then demonstrated that DNA demethylation was caused by upregulation of the exoribonuclease, PNPase old-35 (PNPT1), which caused degradation of miR-26a. This in turn promoted the upregulation of ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2) enzyme and increased 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels in human islets and pancreatic β cells. Moreover, we showed that specific IFN-α expression in the β cells of IFNα-INS1CreERT2 transgenic mice led to development of T1D that was preceded by increased islet DNA hydroxymethylation through a PNPT1/TET2-dependent mechanism. Our results suggest a new mechanism through which IFN-α regulates DNAm in β cells, leading to changes in expression of genes in inflammatory and immune pathways that can initiate islet autoimmunity in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Stefan-Lifshitz
- Division of Endocrinology and the Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Lingguang Cui
- Division of Endocrinology and the Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Abora Ettela
- Division of Endocrinology and the Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhengzi Yi
- Department of Medicine Bioinformatics Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Department of Medicine Bioinformatics Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yaron Tomer
- Division of Endocrinology and the Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Dotta F, Ventriglia G, Snowhite IV, Pugliese A. MicroRNAs: markers of β-cell stress and autoimmunity. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2018; 25:237-245. [PMID: 29846238 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We discuss current knowledge about microRNAs (miRNAs) in type 1 diabetes (T1D), an autoimmune disease leading to severe loss of pancreatic β-cells. We describe: the role of cellular miRNAs in regulating immune functions and pathways impacting insulin secretion and β-cell survival; circulating miRNAs as disease biomarkers. RECENT FINDINGS Studies examined miRNAs in experimental models and patients, including analysis of tissues from organ donors, peripheral blood cells, and circulating miRNAs in serum, plasma, and exosomes. Studies employed diverse designs and methodologies to detect miRNAs and measure their levels. Selected miRNAs have been linked to the regulation of key biological pathways and disease pathogenesis; several circulating miRNAs are associated with having T1D, islet autoimmunity, disease progression, and immune and metabolic functions, for example, C-peptide secretion, in multiple studies. SUMMARY A growing literature reveals multiple roles of miRNAs in T1D, provide new clues into the regulation of disease mechanisms, and identify reproducible associations. Yet challenges remain, and the field will benefit from joint efforts to analyze results, compare methodologies, formally test the robustness of miRNA associations, and ultimately move towards validating robust miRNA biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuliana Ventriglia
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Pugliese
- Diabetes Research Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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Macrophage-stimulated microRNA expression in mural cells promotes transplantation-induced neointima formation. Oncotarget 2018; 8:30100-30111. [PMID: 28415796 PMCID: PMC5444729 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we tested the possibility that macrophages might contribute to neointima formation by stimulating microRNA expressions in mural cells. Thoracic aortas from F344 rats were transplanted into recipient Lewis rats. Clodronate liposome was used for in vivo macrophage depletion. Using miR-21 as a prototypic example of vascular enriched microRNA, we showed that macrophage depletion reduced the expression level of miR-21, which was upregulated in the allograft. This effect of macrophage depletion was accompanied by attenuations in neointimal hyperplasia and transplantation-induced vascular inflammation. Using in vitro assays, we identified that macrophages might stimulate miR-21 expression in smooth muscle cells and adventitial fibroblasts via the release of tumor necrosis factor-α. We also showed that silencing of miR-21 suppressed tumor necrosis factor-induced proliferation, migration, and inflammatory responses in mural cells. Our results suggest that macrophage may promote transplantation-induced neointima formation by stimulating miR-21 expression in vascular mural cells, which promotes mural cell proliferation, migration and/or inflammation. Moreover, we have established that tumor necrosis factor-α has a major role in mediating this paracrine process.
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Snowhite IV, Allende G, Sosenko J, Pastori RL, Messinger Cayetano S, Pugliese A. Association of serum microRNAs with islet autoimmunity, disease progression and metabolic impairment in relatives at risk of type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1409-1422. [PMID: 28500393 PMCID: PMC5839115 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression and novel biomarkers for many diseases. We investigated the hypothesis that serum levels of some miRNAs would be associated with islet autoimmunity and/or progression to type 1 diabetes. METHODS We measured levels of 93 miRNAs most commonly detected in serum. This retrospective cohort study included 150 autoantibody-positive and 150 autoantibody-negative family-matched siblings enrolled in the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study. This was a young cohort (mean age = 11 years), and most autoantibody-positive relatives were at high risk because they had multiple autoantibodies, with 39/150 (26%, progressors) developing type 1 diabetes within an average 8.7 months of follow-up. We analysed miRNA levels in relation to autoantibody status, future development of diabetes and OGTT C-peptide and glucose indices of disease progression. RESULTS Fifteen miRNAs were differentially expressed when comparing autoantibody-positive/negative siblings (range -2.5 to 1.3-fold). But receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated low specificity and sensitivity. Seven additional miRNAs were differentially expressed among autoantibody-positive relatives according to disease progression; ROC returned significant AUC values and identified miRNA cut-off levels associated with an increased risk of disease in both cross-sectional and survival analyses. Levels of several miRNAs showed significant correlations (r values range 0.22-0.55) with OGTT outcomes. miR-21-3p, miR-29a-3p and miR-424-5p had the most robust associations. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Serum levels of selected miRNAs are associated with disease progression and confer additional risk of the development of type 1 diabetes in young autoantibody-positive relatives. Further studies, including longitudinal assessments, are warranted to further define miRNA biomarkers for prediction of disease risk and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac V Snowhite
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1450 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Gloria Allende
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1450 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jay Sosenko
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1450 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ricardo L Pastori
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1450 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shari Messinger Cayetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alberto Pugliese
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1450 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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Ghorbani S, Talebi F, Chan WF, Masoumi F, Vojgani M, Power C, Noorbakhsh F. MicroRNA-181 Variants Regulate T Cell Phenotype in the Context of Autoimmune Neuroinflammation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:758. [PMID: 28769921 PMCID: PMC5515858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have revealed that multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions have distinct microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles. miR-181 family members show altered expression in MS tissues although their participation in MS pathogenesis remains uncertain. Herein, we investigated the involvement of miR-181a and miR-181b in the pathogenesis of MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods miR-181a and -b levels were measured in the central nervous system (CNS) of patients with MS and mice with EAE as well as relevant leukocyte cultures by real-time RT-PCR. To examine the role of the miRNAs in leukocyte differentiation and function, miR-181a and -b mimic sequences were transfected into cultured primary macrophages and purified CD4+ T cells which were then analyzed by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to investigate the interaction of miR-181a and -b with the 3′-UTR of potential target transcripts, and the expression of target genes was measured in the CNS of EAE mice, activated lymphocytes, and macrophages. Results Expression analyses revealed a significant decrease in miR-181a and -b levels in brain white matter from MS patients as well as in spinal cords of EAE mice during the acute and chronic phases of disease. Suppression of miR-181a was observed following antigen-specific or polyclonal activation of lymphocytes as well as in macrophages following LPS treatment. Overexpression of miR-181a and -b mimic sequences reduced proinflammatory gene expression in macrophages and polarization toward M1 phenotype. miR-181a and -b mimic sequences inhibited Th1 generation in CD4+ T cells and miR-181a mimic sequences also promoted Treg differentiation. Luciferase assays revealed Suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic 7 (Smad7), as a direct target of miR-181a and -b. Conclusion Our data highlight the anti-inflammatory actions of miR-181a and -b in the context of autoimmune neuroinflammation. miR-181a and -b influence differentiation of T helper cell and activation of macrophages, providing potential therapeutic options for controlling inflammation in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Ghorbani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Talebi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Wing Fuk Chan
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Farimah Masoumi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammed Vojgani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christopher Power
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Farshid Noorbakhsh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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LaPierre MP, Stoffel M. MicroRNAs as stress regulators in pancreatic beta cells and diabetes. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1010-1023. [PMID: 28951825 PMCID: PMC5605735 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs have emerged as important regulatory non-coding RNAs that tune cellular responses to physiological perturbations and disease conditions. An increasing body of literature underlines the important roles of miRNA function in pancreatic β-cells in response to metabolic, genetic and inflammatory stress. Lessons from genetic loss- and gain-of-function studies have implicated several highly expressed and evolutionary conserved miRNAs in stress signal modulation, resolution and buffering, thereby forming stabilizing miRNA networks that preserve β-cell differentiation, function, proliferation and cell survival. Scope of Review This review will summarize our current knowledge of how biologically relevant miRNAs regulate stress responses in pancreatic β-cells, discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with using secreted miRNAs as biomarkers and forecast how mechanistic knowledge of miRNA function can be exploited in developing miRNA-based therapeutics. Major Conclusions miRNAs play important roles in the function, differentiation, proliferation, and survival of pancreatic β-cells. Many miRNA families that are regulated by metabolic, genetic, and inflammatory stressors have been found to coordinate the adaptive responses of β-cells in vivo in conditions such as obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Stoffel
- Corresponding author. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Institute for Molecular Health Science, Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Otto-Stern Weg 7, HPL H36, CH 8093 Zürich, Switzerland. Fax: +41 44 633 1362.Federal Institute of TechnologyETH ZürichInstitute for Molecular Health ScienceLaboratory for Metabolic DiseasesOtto-Stern Weg 7HPL H36ZürichCH 8093Switzerland
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16
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Sims EK, Lakhter AJ, Anderson-Baucum E, Kono T, Tong X, Evans-Molina C. MicroRNA 21 targets BCL2 mRNA to increase apoptosis in rat and human beta cells. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1057-1065. [PMID: 28280903 PMCID: PMC5425307 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4237-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The role of beta cell microRNA (miR)-21 in the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes has been controversial. Here, we sought to define the context of beta cell miR-21 upregulation in type 1 diabetes and the phenotype of beta cell miR-21 overexpression through target identification. METHODS Islets were isolated from NOD mice and mice treated with multiple low doses of streptozotocin, as a mouse model of diabetes. INS-1 832/13 beta cells and human islets were treated with IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α to mimic the milieu of early type 1 diabetes. Cells and islets were transfected with miR-21 mimics or inhibitors. Luciferase assays and polyribosomal profiling (PRP) were performed to define miR-21-target interactions. RESULTS Beta cell miR-21 was increased in in vivo models of type 1 diabetes and cytokine-treated cells/islets. miR-21 overexpression decreased cell count and viability, and increased cleaved caspase 3 levels, suggesting increased cell death. In silico prediction tools identified the antiapoptotic mRNA BCL2 as a conserved miR-21 target. Consistent with this, miR-21 overexpression decreased BCL2 transcript and B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) protein production, while miR-21 inhibition increased BCL2 protein levels and reduced cleaved caspase 3 levels after cytokine treatment. miR-21-mediated cell death was abrogated in 828/33 cells, which constitutively overexpress Bcl2. Luciferase assays suggested a direct interaction between miR-21 and the BCL2 3' untranslated region. With miR-21 overexpression, PRP revealed a shift of the Bcl2 message towards monosome-associated fractions, indicating inhibition of Bcl2 translation. Finally, overexpression in dispersed human islets confirmed a reduction in BCL2 transcripts and increased cleaved caspase 3 production. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In contrast to the pro-survival role reported in other systems, our results demonstrate that miR-21 increases beta cell death via BCL2 transcript degradation and inhibition of BCL2 translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Sims
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS2031, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Alexander J Lakhter
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS2031, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Emily Anderson-Baucum
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS2031, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tatsuyoshi Kono
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS2031, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xin Tong
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS2031, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS2031, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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17
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Zheng Y, Wang Z, Zhou Z. miRNAs: novel regulators of autoimmunity-mediated pancreatic β-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:488-496. [PMID: 28317889 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a series of conserved, short, non-coding RNAs that modulate gene expression in a posttranscriptional manner. miRNAs are involved in almost every physiological and pathological process. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that is the result of selective destruction of pancreatic β-cells driven by the immune system. miRNAs are also important participants in T1D pathogenesis. Herein, we review the most recent data on the potential involvement of miRNAs in T1D. Specifically, we focus on two aspects: the roles of miRNAs in maintaining immune homeostasis and regulating β-cell survival and/or functions in T1D. We also discuss circulating miRNAs as potent biomarkers for the diagnosis and prediction of T1D and investigate potential therapeutic approaches for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zheng
- Center for Medical Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Role of microRNA-21 in the formation of insulin-producing cells from pancreatic progenitor cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:280-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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DiStefano JK. Beyond the Protein-Coding Sequence: Noncoding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud 2016; 12:260-76. [PMID: 26859655 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2015.12.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus results from a deficiency or failure to maintain normal glucose homeostasis. The most common form of the disease is type 2 diabetes (T2D), a progressive metabolic disorder characterized by elevated glucose levels that develops in response to either multi-organ insulin resistance or insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Although the etiology of T2D is complex, many factors are known to contribute to defects of glucose homeostasis, including obesity, unhealthy lifestyle choices, genetic susceptibility, and environmental exposures. In addition to these factors, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of T2D, playing roles in several of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease, particularly in insulin-sensitive tissues such as pancreatic β-cells, liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. A growing number of publications demonstrate that polymorphisms in ncRNAs or their target genes may represent a new class of genetic variation contributing to the development of T2D. This review summarizes both the current state of knowledge of ncRNAs, specifically microRNAs (miRNAs), involved in the regulation of β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and insulin action in peripheral organs. The role of genetic variation in miRNAs or miRNA binding sites in the pathogenesis of T2D is also discussed. While far less is known about the impact of long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) in the development of T2D, emerging evidence suggests that these molecules may be able to contribute to β-cell dysfunction in response to hyperglycemia. This article provides an overview of the studies conducted to date in this field, focusing on lncRNAs that are dysregulated in human pancreatic islets.
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Abstract
MicroRNAs are small noncoding ribonucleotides that regulate mRNA translation or degradation and have major roles in cellular function. MicroRNA (miRNA) levels are deregulated or altered in many diseases. There is overwhelming evidence that miRNAs also play an important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and thereby may contribute to the establishment of diabetes. MiRNAs have been shown to affect insulin levels by regulating insulin production, insulin exocytosis, and endocrine pancreas development. Although a large number of miRNAs have been identified from pancreatic β-cells using various screens, functional studies that link most of the identified miRNAs to regulation of pancreatic β-cell function are lacking. This review focuses on miRNAs with important roles in regulation of insulin production, insulin secretion, and β-cell development, and will discuss only miRNAs with established roles in β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabire Ozcan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
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21
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MicroRNAs: Novel Players in the Dialogue between Pancreatic Islets and Immune System in Autoimmune Diabetes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:749734. [PMID: 26339637 PMCID: PMC4538424 DOI: 10.1155/2015/749734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression in all cell types. Therefore, these tiny noncoding RNA molecules are involved in a wide range of biological processes, exerting functional effects at cellular, tissue, and organ level. In pancreatic islets of Langerhans, including beta-cells, microRNAs are involved in cell differentiation as well as in insulin secretion, while in immune cells they have been shown to play pivotal roles in development, activation, and response to antigens. Indeed, it is not surprising that microRNA alterations can lead to the development of several diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). Type 1 diabetes is the result of a selective autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta-cells, characterized by islet inflammation (insulitis), which leads to chronic hyperglycemia. Given the growing importance of microRNA in the pathophysiology of T1D, the aim of this review is to summarize the most recent data on the potential involvement of microRNAs in autoimmune diabetes. Specifically, we will focus on three different aspects: (i) microRNAs as regulators of immune homeostasis in autoimmune diabetes; (ii) microRNA expression in pancreatic islet inflammation; (iii) microRNAs as players in the dialogue between the immune system and pancreatic endocrine cells.
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Abuhatzira L, Xu H, Tahhan G, Boulougoura A, Schäffer AA, Notkins AL. Multiple microRNAs within the 14q32 cluster target the mRNAs of major type 1 diabetes autoantigens IA-2, IA-2β, and GAD65. FASEB J 2015; 29:4374-83. [PMID: 26148972 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-273649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Islet antigen (IA)-2, IA-2β, and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65) are major autoantigens in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Autoantibodies to these autoantigens appear years before disease onset and are widely used as predictive markers. Little is known, however, about what regulates the expression of these autoantigens. The present experiments were initiated to test the hypothesis that microRNAs (miRNAs) can target and affect the levels of these autoantigens. Bioinformatics was used to identify miRNAs predicted to target the mRNAs coding IA-2, IA-2β, and GAD65. RNA interference for the miRNA processing enzyme Dicer1 and individual miRNA mimics and inhibitors were used to confirm the effect in mouse islets and MIN6 cells. We show that the imprinted 14q32 miRNA cluster contains 56 miRNAs, 32 of which are predicted to target the mRNAs of T1D autoantigens and 12 of which are glucose-sensitive. Using miRNA mimics and inhibitors, we confirmed that at least 7 of these miRNAs modulate the mRNA levels of the T1D autoantigens. Dicer1 knockdown significantly reduced the mRNA levels of all 3 autoantigens, further confirming the importance of miRNAs in this regulation. We conclude that miRNAs are involved in regulating the expression of the major T1D autoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Abuhatzira
- *Experimental Medicine Section, Laboratory of Sensory Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Huanyu Xu
- *Experimental Medicine Section, Laboratory of Sensory Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Georges Tahhan
- *Experimental Medicine Section, Laboratory of Sensory Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Afroditi Boulougoura
- *Experimental Medicine Section, Laboratory of Sensory Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alejandro A Schäffer
- *Experimental Medicine Section, Laboratory of Sensory Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Abner L Notkins
- *Experimental Medicine Section, Laboratory of Sensory Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Jiang X, Shan A, Su Y, Cheng Y, Gu W, Wang W, Ning G, Cao Y. miR-144/451 Promote Cell Proliferation via Targeting PTEN/AKT Pathway in Insulinomas. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2429-39. [PMID: 25919186 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulinoma is the main type of functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. The functional microRNAs (miRNAs) regulating tumor growth and progression in insulinomas are still unknown. We conducted the miRNA expression profile analysis using miRNA quantitative RT-PCR array and identified 114 differentially expressed miRNAs in human insulinomas compared with normal pancreatic islets. Forty-one differentially expressed miRNAs belonged to 7 miRNA families, and 28 miRNAs in 3 of the families localized in the epigenetically regulated imprinted chromosome 14q32 region. We validated the most significant differentially expressed miRNA cluster miR-144/451 in another 8 human normal islet samples and 25 insulinomas. Our data showed that the overexpression of miR-144/451 in mouse pancreatic β-cells promoted cell proliferation by targeting the β-cell regulator phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog pathway and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2D. Our findings highlight the importance of functional miRNAs in insulinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Jiang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases (X.J., A.S., Y.S., Y.C., W.G., W.W., G.N., Y.C.), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, and Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism (G.N.), Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Aijing Shan
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases (X.J., A.S., Y.S., Y.C., W.G., W.W., G.N., Y.C.), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, and Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism (G.N.), Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yutong Su
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases (X.J., A.S., Y.S., Y.C., W.G., W.W., G.N., Y.C.), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, and Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism (G.N.), Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yulong Cheng
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases (X.J., A.S., Y.S., Y.C., W.G., W.W., G.N., Y.C.), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, and Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism (G.N.), Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Weiqiong Gu
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases (X.J., A.S., Y.S., Y.C., W.G., W.W., G.N., Y.C.), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, and Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism (G.N.), Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases (X.J., A.S., Y.S., Y.C., W.G., W.W., G.N., Y.C.), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, and Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism (G.N.), Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases (X.J., A.S., Y.S., Y.C., W.G., W.W., G.N., Y.C.), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, and Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism (G.N.), Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases (X.J., A.S., Y.S., Y.C., W.G., W.W., G.N., Y.C.), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, and Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism (G.N.), Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Abstract
The ultimate goal of diabetes therapy is the restoration of physiologic metabolic control. For type 1 diabetes, research efforts are focused on the prevention or early intervention to halt the autoimmune process and preserve β cell function. Replacement of pancreatic β cells via islet transplantation reestablishes physiologic β cell function in patients with diabetes. Emerging research shows that microRNAs (miRNAs), noncoding small RNA molecules produced by a newly discovered class of genes, negatively regulate gene expression. MiRNAs recognize and bind to partially complementary sequences of target messenger RNA (mRNA), regulating mRNA translation and affecting gene expression. Correlation between miRNA signatures and genome-wide RNA expression allows identification of multiple miRNA-mRNA pairs in biological processes. Because miRNAs target functionally related genes, they represent an exciting and indispensable approach for biomarkers and drug discovery. We are studying the role of miRNA in the context of islet immunobiology. Our research aims at understanding the mechanisms underlying pancreatic β cell loss and developing clinically relevant approaches for preservation and restoration of β cell function to treat insulin-dependent diabetes. Herein, we discuss some of our recent efforts related to the study of miRNA in islet inflammation and islet engraftment. Our working hypothesis is that modulation of the expression of specific microRNAs in the transplant microenvironment will be of assistance in enhancing islet engraftment and promoting long-term function.
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25
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Fotino C, Molano RD, Ricordi C, Pileggi A. Transdisciplinary approach to restore pancreatic islet function. Immunol Res 2014; 57:210-21. [PMID: 24233663 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-013-8437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The focus of our research is on islet immunobiology. We are exploring novel strategies that could be of assistance in the treatment and prevention of type 1 diabetes, as well as in the restoration of metabolic control via transplantation of insulin producing cells (i.e., islet cells). The multiple facets of diabetes and β-cell replacement encompass different complementary disciplines, such as immunology, cell biology, pharmacology, and bioengineering, among others. Through their interaction and integration, a transdisciplinary dimension is needed in order to address and overcome all aspects of the complex puzzle toward a successful clinical translation of a biological cure for diabetes.
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26
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Gong W, Xiao D, Ming G, Yin J, Zhou H, Liu Z. Type 2 diabetes mellitus-related genetic polymorphisms in microRNAs and microRNA target sites. J Diabetes 2014; 6:279-89. [PMID: 24606011 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important endogenous regulators in eukaryotic gene expression and a broad range of biological processes. MiRNA-related genetic variations have been proved to be associated with human diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Polymorphisms in miRNA genes (primary miRNAs, precursor miRNAs, mature miRNAs, and miRNA regulatory regions) may be involved in the development of T2DM by changing the expression and structure of miRNAs and target gene expression. Genetic polymorphisms of the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) in miRNA target genes may destroy putative miRNA binding sites or create new miRNA binding sites, which affects the binding of UTRs with miRNAs, finally resulting in susceptibility to and development of T2DM. Therefore, focusing on studies into genetic polymorphisms in miRNAs or miRNA binding sites will help our understanding of the pathophysiology of T2DM development and lead to better health management. Herein, we review the association of genetic polymorphisms in miRNA and miRNA targets genes with T2DM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Gong
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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27
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Mao Y, Mohan R, Zhang S, Tang X. MicroRNAs as pharmacological targets in diabetes. Pharmacol Res 2013; 75:37-47. [PMID: 23810798 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by high levels of blood glucose due to either the loss of insulin-producing beta-cells in the pancreas, leading to a deficiency of insulin in type 1 diabetes, or due to increased insulin resistance, leading to reduced insulin sensitivity and productivity in type 2 diabetes. There is an increasing need for new options to treat diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes at its early stages due to an ineffective control of its development in patients. Recently, a novel class of small noncoding RNAs, termed microRNAs (miRNAs), is found to play a key role as important transcriptional and posttranscriptional inhibitors of gene expression in fine-tuning the target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). miRNAs are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and have become an intriguing target for therapeutic intervention. This review focuses on the dysregulated miRNAs discovered in various diabetic models and addresses the potential for miRNAs to be therapeutic targets in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Mao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States
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28
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Beck A, Vinik Y, Shatz-Azoulay H, Isaac R, Streim S, Jona G, Boura-Halfon S, Zick Y. Otubain 2 is a novel promoter of beta cell survival as revealed by siRNA high-throughput screens of human pancreatic islets. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1317-26. [PMID: 23515685 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pro-inflammatory cytokines induce death of beta cells and hamper engraftment of transplanted islet mass. Our aim was to reveal novel genes involved in this process, as a platform for innovative therapeutic approaches. METHODS Small interfering RNA (siRNA) high-throughput screening (HTS) of primary human islets was employed to identify novel genes involved in cytokine-induced beta cell apoptosis. Dispersed human islets from nine human donors, treated with a combination of TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ were transfected with ∼730 different siRNAs. Caspase-3/7 activity was measured, results were analysed and potential anti- and pro-apoptotic genes were identified. RESULTS Dispersed human pancreatic islets appeared to be suitable targets for performance of siRNA HTS. Using this methodology we found a number of potential pro- and anti-apoptotic target hits that have not been previously associated with pancreatic beta cell death. One such hit was the de-ubiquitinating enzyme otubain 2 (OTUB2). OTUB2 knockdown increased caspase-3/7 activity in MIN6 cells and primary human islets and inhibited insulin secretion and increased nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity both under basal conditions and following cytokine treatment. CONCLUSIONS Use of dispersed human islets provides a new platform for functional HTS in a highly physiological system. Employing this technique enabled the identification of OTUB2 as a novel promoter of viability and insulin secretion in human beta cells. OTUB2 acts through the inhibition of NF-κB signalling, which is deleterious to beta cell survival. siRNA screens of human islets may therefore identify new targets, such as OTUB2, for therapeutic intervention in type 1 diabetes and islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Beck
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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29
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Puddu A, Sanguineti R, Mach F, Dallegri F, Viviani GL, Montecucco F. Update on the protective molecular pathways improving pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:750540. [PMID: 23737653 PMCID: PMC3659509 DOI: 10.1155/2013/750540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary function of pancreatic beta-cells is to produce and release insulin in response to increment in extracellular glucose concentrations, thus maintaining glucose homeostasis. Deficient beta-cell function can have profound metabolic consequences, leading to the development of hyperglycemia and, ultimately, diabetes mellitus. Therefore, strategies targeting the maintenance of the normal function and protecting pancreatic beta-cells from injury or death might be crucial in the treatment of diabetes. This narrative review will update evidence from the recently identified molecular regulators preserving beta-cell mass and function recovery in order to suggest potential therapeutic targets against diabetes. This review will also highlight the relevance for novel molecular pathways potentially improving beta-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Puddu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta Sanguineti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - François Mach
- Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Foundation for Medical Researches, Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Franco Dallegri
- First Medical Clinic, Laboratory of Phagocyte Physiopathology and Inflammation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Luciano Viviani
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Foundation for Medical Researches, Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- First Medical Clinic, Laboratory of Phagocyte Physiopathology and Inflammation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
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30
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Tili E, Michaille JJ, Croce CM. MicroRNAs play a central role in molecular dysfunctions linking inflammation with cancer. Immunol Rev 2013; 253:167-84. [PMID: 23550646 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esmerina Tili
- Department of Molecular Virology; Immunology and Medical Genetics; The Ohio State University Medical Center; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Columbus; OH; USA
| | | | - Carlo M. Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology; Immunology and Medical Genetics; The Ohio State University Medical Center; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Columbus; OH; USA
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31
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Sarma NJ, Tiriveedhi V, Ramachandran S, Crippin J, Chapman W, Mohanakumar T. Modulation of immune responses following solid organ transplantation by microRNA. Exp Mol Pathol 2012; 93:378-85. [PMID: 23036474 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Organ transplantation, an accepted treatment for end stage organ failure, is often complicated by allograft rejection and disease recurrence. In this review we will discuss the potential role of microRNAs in allograft immunity especially leading to rejection of the transplanted organ. microRNAs (miRNAs), originally identified in C. elegans, are short non-coding 21-24 nucleotide sequences that bind to its complementary sequences in functional messenger RNAs and inhibits post-translational processes through RNA duplex formation resulting in gene silencing (Lau et al., 2001). Gene specific translational silencing by miRNAs regulates pathways for immune responses such as development of innate immunity, inflammation, T-cell and B-cell differentiation and signaling that are implicated in various stages of allograft rejection. miRNAs also play a role in development of post-transplant complicacies like fibrosis, cirrhosis, carcinogenesis often leading to graft loss and poor patient outcome. Recent advancements in the methods for detecting and quantifying miRNA in tissue biopsies, as well as in serum and urine samples, has led to identification of specific miRNA signatures in patients with allograft rejection and have been utilized to predict allograft status and survival. Therefore, miRNAs play a significant role in post-transplant events including allograft rejection, disease recurrence and tumor development impacting patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan J Sarma
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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