1
|
Pomey MP, Jutras-Aswad D, Paquette J, Saadi K, Taguemout M, Ikene DL, Arbour N, Zertal A, Fréjeau N, Morin D, Ouellette JS, Alami Marrouni K, Duquette P. Perceptions and engagement of patients with chronic conditions on the use of medical cannabis: a scoping review. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:211. [PMID: 38561859 PMCID: PMC10983766 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01803-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Studies generally focus on one type of chronic condition and the effect of medical cannabis (MC) on symptoms; little is known about the perceptions and engagement of patients living with chronic conditions regarding the use of MC. OBJECTIVES This scoping review aims to explore: (1) what are the dimensions addressed in studies on MC that deal with patients' perceptions of MC? and (2) how have patients been engaged in developing these studies and their methodologies? Through these objectives, we have identified areas for improving future research. METHODS We searched five databases and applied exclusion criteria to select relevant articles. A thematic analysis approach was used to identify the main themes: (1) reasons to use, to stop using or not to use MC, (2) effects of MC on patients themselves and empowerment, (3) perspective and knowledge about MC, and (4) discussion with relatives and healthcare professionals. RESULTS Of 53 articles, the main interest when assessing the perceptions of MC is to identify the reasons to use MC (n = 39), while few articles focused on the reasons leading to stop using MC (n = 13). The majority (85%) appraise the effects of MC as perceived by patients. Less than one third assessed patients' sense of empowerment. Articles determining the beliefs surrounding and knowledge of MC (n = 41) generally addressed the concerns about or the comfort level with respect to using MC. Only six articles assessed patients' stereotypes regarding cannabis. Concerns about stigma constituted the main topic while assessing relationships with relatives. Some articles included patients in the research, but none of them had co-created the data collection tool with patients. CONCLUSIONS Our review outlined that few studies considered chronic diseases as a whole and that few patients are involved in the co-construction of data collection tools as well. There is an evidence gap concerning the results in terms of methodological quality when engaging patients in their design. Future research should evaluate why cannabis' effectiveness varies between patients, and how access affects the decision to use or not to use MC, particularly regarding the relationship between patients and healthcare providers. Future research should consider age and gender while assessing perceptions and should take into consideration the legislation status of cannabis as these factors could in fact shape perception. To reduce stigma and stereotypes about MC users, better quality and accessible information on MC should be disseminated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pascale Pomey
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.
- School of Public Health, Department of Health Management, Evaluation of Policy, Université de Montréal, 7101 Du Parc Avenue 3rd Floor, Montréal, QC, H3N 1X9, Canada.
- Centre of Excellence on Partnership with Patients and the Public, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Didier Jutras-Aswad
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jesseca Paquette
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kamilla Saadi
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anthropology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mélissa Taguemout
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dina-Liza Ikene
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Amel Zertal
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Fréjeau
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Danielle Morin
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Sylvain Ouellette
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kanza Alami Marrouni
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Duquette
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zahran DAE, Bahr WM, Abd Elazim FH. Systematic review: exercise training for equinus deformity in children with cerebral palsy. BULLETIN OF FACULTY OF PHYSICAL THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43161-022-00093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Children with spastic cerebral palsy have motor deficits that can lead to joint contractures. Ankle equinus deformity is the most common foot deformity among children with CP. It is caused by spasticity and muscular imbalance in the gastrocnemius-soleus complex. Exercise enhances ankle function, improves gait in children with CP, and prevents permanent impairment. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the effectiveness of different types of exercise used in equine management. The aim of this review is to assess the evidence of the effectiveness of exercise training on equinus deformity in children with cerebral palsy.
Methodology
The American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology were used to conduct this systematic review. Four databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and Google Scholar) were searched till January 2022 using predefined terms by two independent reviewers. Randomized controlled trials published in English were included. This review included seven studies with 203 participants ranging in age from 5 to 18 years. Methodological quality was assessed using AACPDM, PEDro scale; also, levels of evidence adopted from modified Sacket’s scale were used for each study. Primary outcomes were dorsiflexion angle, plantar flexion angle, and plantar flexors strength.
Results
The quality of studies ranged from good (six studies) to fair (one study). The level of evidence was level 1 (six studies) and level 2 (one study) on modified Sacket’s scale. There is a low risk of bias in the included studies. Meta-analysis revealed a non-significant difference in plantar flexor strength, plantar flexion angle, and dorsiflexion angle between the study and control group.
Conclusions
There is a need for high-quality studies to draw a clear conclusion as the current level of evidence supporting the effectiveness of various types of exercises on equinus deformity in children with cerebral palsy is still weak.
Collapse
|
3
|
Cardiovascular Diseases in the Digital Health Era: A Translational Approach from the Lab to the Clinic. BIOTECH 2022; 11:biotech11030023. [PMID: 35892928 PMCID: PMC9326743 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational science has been introduced as the nexus among the scientific and the clinical field, which allows researchers to provide and demonstrate that the evidence-based research can connect the gaps present between basic and clinical levels. This type of research has played a major role in the field of cardiovascular diseases, where the main objective has been to identify and transfer potential treatments identified at preclinical stages into clinical practice. This transfer has been enhanced by the intromission of digital health solutions into both basic research and clinical scenarios. This review aimed to identify and summarize the most important translational advances in the last years in the cardiovascular field together with the potential challenges that still remain in basic research, clinical scenarios, and regulatory agencies.
Collapse
|
4
|
ten Ham-Baloyi W. Nurses’ roles in changing practice through implementing best practices: A systematic review. Health SA 2022; 27:1776. [PMID: 35747507 PMCID: PMC9210184 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v27i0.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nurses play an important role in the implementation of best practices. However, the role of nurses in changing practice by implementing best practices requires further exploration. No systematic review was found that summarised the best available evidence on the roles of nurses in changing practice through the implementation of best practices. This study summarised the best available evidence on the roles of nurses in changing practice through the implementation of best practices. A systematic review was used to search for studies in the English language, where a best practice was implemented in a clinical context and which included findings regarding the roles of nurses when implementing best practices. Scopus, EBSCOhost (Academic Search Ultimate, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL with Full Text, ERIC, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, MasterFILE Premier, MEDLINE Complete), PUBMED, and ScienceDirect databases were searched from January 2013 to June 2021. The search generated 1343 citations. After removing duplicates and applying eligibility criteria, 27 studies were included. Five definite roles were identified as follows: leadership, education and training, collaboration, communication and feedback and development and tailoring of the best practice. These roles are interrelated, but equally crucial in order to implement best practices. This study found five interrelated but equally crucial nurse roles in changing practice through the implementation of best practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilma ten Ham-Baloyi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cheerkoot-Jalim S, Khedo KK. Literature-based discovery approaches for evidence-based healthcare: a systematic review. HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 11:1205-1217. [PMID: 34722102 PMCID: PMC8542914 DOI: 10.1007/s12553-021-00605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Literature-Based Discovery (LBD) is a text mining technique used to generate novel hypotheses from vast amounts of literature sources, by identifying links between concepts from disparate sources. One of the main areas where it has been predominantly applied is the healthcare domain, whereby promising results, in the form of novel hypotheses, have been reported. The purpose of this work was to conduct a systematic literature review of recent publications on LBD in the healthcare domain in order to assess the trends in the approaches used and to identify issues and challenges for such systems. Methods The review was conducted following the principles of the Kitchenham method. The selected studies have been scrutinized and the derived findings have been reported following the PRISMA guidelines. Results The review results reveal useful information regarding the application areas, the data sources considered, the approaches used, the performance in terms of accuracy and reliability and future research challenges. The results of this review will be beneficial to LBD researchers and other stakeholders in the healthcare domain, by providing them with useful insights on the approaches to adopt, data sources to consider, evaluation model to use and challenges to reflect on. Conclusion The synthesis of the results of this work has shed light on recent issues and challenges that drive new LBD models and provides avenues for their application in other diverse areas in the healthcare domain. To the best of our knowledge, no such recent review has been conducted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Cheerkoot-Jalim
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Kavi Kumar Khedo
- Department of Digital Technologies, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vitale E, Germini F. Nurse coaching improves healthy conditions: an integrative review of the literature. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4081/itjm.2021.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coaching has become a popular strategy in a complex environment. Nurses who incorporate coaching into their professional practice broaden their skills and opportunities in the entire spectrum of health, wellness, and healing. The aim was to illustrate and compare coaching models and to address their relevance in health promotion. A literature review from 2010 to 2019, retrieved from MEDLINE, reference tracking, and consultation of academic networks, has led to peer-reviewed articles on coaching models for health promotion. A total of 70 articles were found, 45 of which were excluded because too generic and not specific to the clinical nursing field. Finally, only 15 articles that well respected the inclusion criteria have been selected. The implementation of coaching can be seen in several health care fields, especially in nursing, to enhance health by empowering individuals.
Collapse
|
7
|
Effectiveness of an Academic-Practice Team Approach on Research Capacity Building of Nurses and Public Health Professionals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18137199. [PMID: 34281136 PMCID: PMC8297271 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the need for research training among nurses and health professionals in a rural province of Thailand and to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions designed to address the identified factors. This two-phase study used a cross-sectional design with one-group pre- and post-tests. In phase I, 149 subjects from 16 subdistrict health promoting hospitals and one district hospital were sampled. As an intervention, an academic-practice team approach to research capacity building was designed. Twenty-four volunteers completed a three-time point assessment of intervention in phase II. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires and analyzed using bivariate and multivariate statistics. Phase-I results indicated that 33.6% of subjects were involved in the research implementation. They had a moderate perception of research barriers and capacity. The research experiences, capacity, and barriers associated with the research implementation were described in detail (p < 0.05). The only positive predictor of research implementation was research training (p < 0.001). The intervention improved 24 participants’ competency (p < 0.05). Most of their research proposals had received ethics approval and a small grant. These findings highlight the efforts of innovative research capacity development and its impact on research and health practices among nurses and health professionals.
Collapse
|
8
|
Martínez-Gimeno ML, Fernández-Martínez N, Escobar-Aguilar G, Moreno-Casbas MT, Brito-Brito PR, Caperos JM. SUMAMOS EXCELENCIA ® Project: Results of the Implementation of Best Practice in a Spanish National Health System (NHS). Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:374. [PMID: 33800670 PMCID: PMC8066682 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9040374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of certain strategies for the implementation of a specific recommendation yields better results in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an evidence-based model using clinical audits (GRIP model), for the implementation of recommendations in pain and urinary incontinence management as well as fall prevention, in the Spanish National Health System during the period 2015-2018. A quasi-experimental study has been conducted. The subjects were patients treated in hospitals, primary care units and nursing home centers. There were measures related to pain, fall prevention and urinary incontinence. Measurements were taken at baseline and at months 3, 6, 9, and 12. The sample consisted of 22,114 patients. The frequency of pain assessment increased from 59.9% in the first cycle to a mean of 71.6% in the last cycle, assessments of risk of falling increased from 56.8% to 87.8% in the last cycle; and finally, the frequency of assessments of urinary incontinence increased from a 43.4% in the first cycles to a mean of 62.2% in the last cycles. The implementation of specific evidence-based recommendations on pain, fall prevention, and urinary incontinence using a model based on clinical audits improved the frequency of assessments and their documentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María-Lara Martínez-Gimeno
- San Juan de Dios Foundation, San Rafael-Nebrija Health Sciences Center, Nebrija University, 28036 Madrid, Spain;
- SALBIS Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Leon, 24401 Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Nélida Fernández-Martínez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of León, 24071 Leon, Spain;
| | - Gema Escobar-Aguilar
- San Juan de Dios Foundation, San Rafael-Nebrija Health Sciences Center, Nebrija University, 28036 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María-Teresa Moreno-Casbas
- Nursing and Healthcare Research Unit (Investen-isciii), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Pedro-Ruyman Brito-Brito
- Training and Research in Care, Primary Care Management of Tenerife, The Canary Islands Health Service, 38204 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- Department of Nursing, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jose-Manuel Caperos
- UNINPSI, Department of Psychology, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain;
- Fundación San Juan de Dios, 28036 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mokbel A, Lawson DO, Farrokhyar F. Pregnancy outcomes in women with ankylosing spondylitis: a scoping literature and methodological review. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 40:3465-3480. [PMID: 33464430 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this scoping review, we sought to summarize the types of outcomes collected in pregnant patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and to identify some methodological limitations related to pregnancy research in these patients. A comprehensive search was done to identify relevant articles in MEDLINE and Embase. We included 21 studies assessing pregnancy outcomes in AS. Most studies reported disease flare during pregnancy, and few reported improved disease activity or stable disease. Disease flare occurred in 25-80% of patients during pregnancy and in 30-100% during the postpartum. There was no increased risk of pre-eclampsia across all studies. Based on two case-control studies, there was an increased risk for prematurity and small for gestational age in AS pregnancies, pooled odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.99 (1.30-3.05) and 2.41 (1.22-4.77), respectively. The etiologies of cesarean section were not related to joint issues from AS but were related to other causes like pre-eclampsia and prematurity. Some key methodological issues were related to the study design, selection of study participants, disease classification, choice of control participants, and outcome measures. Based on the current literature review, some key areas for future research should evaluate the disease state at conception, effects of pharmacological treatment for AS during pregnancy, and long-term outcomes of children born to women with AS. The use of pregnancy registers and validated measurement tools in pregnancy will help to improve the state and quality of evidence in this field. Key Points • Disease flare during pregnancy in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) occurred in 25-80% of the cases in the various studies, and in 30-100% of the cases during the postpartum period. • There was an increased risk for prematurity, and no increased risk of pre-eclampsia or small for gestational age. Etiologies of cesarean section were not related to the hip or sacroiliac joint affection of the disease but to other causes like pre-eclampsia and prematurity. • This study provides a comprehensive overview of issues related to research on pregnant women with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We addressed methodological issues related to the study design, selection of study participants, disease classification, control choice, assessment of outcomes measures, and statistical analysis. • The use of pregnancy registers and validated disease activity measurement tools for pregnancy can enhance pregnancy research in women with AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abir Mokbel
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Department of Rheumatology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Daeria O Lawson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Division of Rheumatology, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Forough Farrokhyar
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The Effectiveness of an Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) Educational Program on Undergraduate Nursing Students' EBP Knowledge and Skills: A Cluster Randomized Control Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18010293. [PMID: 33401523 PMCID: PMC7795378 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evidence-based practice (EBP) prevents unsafe/inefficient practices and improves healthcare quality, but its implementation is challenging due to research and practice gaps. A focused educational program can assist future nurses to minimize these gaps. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of an EBP educational program on undergraduate nursing students’ EBP knowledge and skills. A cluster randomized controlled trial was undertaken. Six optional courses in the Bachelor of Nursing final year were randomly assigned to the experimental (EBP educational program) or control group. Nursing students’ EBP knowledge and skills were measured at baseline and post-intervention. A qualitative analysis of 18 students’ final written work was also performed. Results show a statistically significant interaction between the intervention and time on EBP knowledge and skills (p = 0.002). From pre- to post-intervention, students’ knowledge and skills on EBP improved in both groups (intervention group: p < 0.001; control group: p < 0.001). At the post-intervention, there was a statistically significant difference in EBP knowledge and skills between intervention and control groups (p = 0.011). Students in the intervention group presented monographs with clearer review questions, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and methodology compared to students in the control group. The EBP educational program showed a potential to promote the EBP knowledge and skills of future nurses.
Collapse
|
11
|
Urban Trees and Human Health: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124371. [PMID: 32570770 PMCID: PMC7345658 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The urban forest is a green infrastructure system that delivers multiple environmental, economic, social and health services, and functions in cities. Environmental benefits of urban trees are well understood, but no review to date has examined how urban trees affect human health. This review provides a comprehensive summary of existing literature on the health impacts of urban trees that can inform future research, policy, and nature-based public health interventions. A systematic search used keywords representing human health, environmental health, and urban forestry. Following screening and appraisal of several thousand articles, 201 studies were conceptually sorted into a three-part framework. Reducing Harm, representing 41% of studies, includes topics such as air pollution, ultraviolet radiation, heat exposure, and pollen. Restoring Capacities, at 31%, includes attention restoration, mental health, stress reduction, and clinical outcomes. Building Capacities, at 28%, includes topics such as birth outcomes, active living, and weight status. The studies that were reviewed show substantial heterogeneity in purpose and method yet indicate important health outcomes associated with people’s exposure to trees. This review will help inform future research and practice, and demonstrates why urban forest planning and management should strategically promote trees as a social determinant of public health.
Collapse
|
12
|
Cardoso V, Trevisan I, Cicolella DDA, Waterkemper R. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF MIXED METHODS: METHOD OF RESEARCH FOR THE INCORPORATION OF EVIDENCE IN NURSING. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2017-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: to describe some methodological considerations on the Systematic Review of Mixed Methods developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute, seeking to disseminate the use of this methodology, exemplifying its use and demonstrating the benefits for nursing research. Method: it is an article of reflection. Result: it can be seen that the Systematic Review of Mixed Methods demonstrates that it is a research method that aligns with the characteristics of nursing care, making it possible to make a broader analysis of the different aspects of care such as: the viability of an activity or intervention, its adequacy to a specific context, the significance of the intervention for the patient and their effectiveness. Conclusion: the possibility of incorporating scientific evidence into the clinical practice by the decision making, increasing the focus of care and bringing benefits to the patients as well as the public policies is envisaged. This method values the context of care, cost-effectiveness and the preferences of patients, caregivers and health care providers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Cardoso
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Munn Z, Peters MDJ, Stern C, Tufanaru C, McArthur A, Aromataris E. Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach. BMC Med Res Methodol 2018; 18:143. [PMID: 30453902 PMCID: PMC6245623 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-018-0611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3609] [Impact Index Per Article: 601.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scoping reviews are a relatively new approach to evidence synthesis and currently there exists little guidance regarding the decision to choose between a systematic review or scoping review approach when synthesising evidence. The purpose of this article is to clearly describe the differences in indications between scoping reviews and systematic reviews and to provide guidance for when a scoping review is (and is not) appropriate. RESULTS Researchers may conduct scoping reviews instead of systematic reviews where the purpose of the review is to identify knowledge gaps, scope a body of literature, clarify concepts or to investigate research conduct. While useful in their own right, scoping reviews may also be helpful precursors to systematic reviews and can be used to confirm the relevance of inclusion criteria and potential questions. CONCLUSIONS Scoping reviews are a useful tool in the ever increasing arsenal of evidence synthesis approaches. Although conducted for different purposes compared to systematic reviews, scoping reviews still require rigorous and transparent methods in their conduct to ensure that the results are trustworthy. Our hope is that with clear guidance available regarding whether to conduct a scoping review or a systematic review, there will be less scoping reviews being performed for inappropriate indications better served by a systematic review, and vice-versa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Munn
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, North Adelaide, 5005 South Australia
| | - Micah D. J. Peters
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, North Adelaide, 5005 South Australia
| | - Cindy Stern
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, North Adelaide, 5005 South Australia
| | - Catalin Tufanaru
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, North Adelaide, 5005 South Australia
| | - Alexa McArthur
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, North Adelaide, 5005 South Australia
| | - Edoardo Aromataris
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, North Adelaide, 5005 South Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Munn Z, Peters MDJ, Stern C, Tufanaru C, McArthur A, Aromataris E. Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach. BMC Med Res Methodol 2018. [PMID: 30453902 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-018-0611-x.pmid] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scoping reviews are a relatively new approach to evidence synthesis and currently there exists little guidance regarding the decision to choose between a systematic review or scoping review approach when synthesising evidence. The purpose of this article is to clearly describe the differences in indications between scoping reviews and systematic reviews and to provide guidance for when a scoping review is (and is not) appropriate. RESULTS Researchers may conduct scoping reviews instead of systematic reviews where the purpose of the review is to identify knowledge gaps, scope a body of literature, clarify concepts or to investigate research conduct. While useful in their own right, scoping reviews may also be helpful precursors to systematic reviews and can be used to confirm the relevance of inclusion criteria and potential questions. CONCLUSIONS Scoping reviews are a useful tool in the ever increasing arsenal of evidence synthesis approaches. Although conducted for different purposes compared to systematic reviews, scoping reviews still require rigorous and transparent methods in their conduct to ensure that the results are trustworthy. Our hope is that with clear guidance available regarding whether to conduct a scoping review or a systematic review, there will be less scoping reviews being performed for inappropriate indications better served by a systematic review, and vice-versa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Munn
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, North Adelaide, 5005, South Australia.
| | - Micah D J Peters
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, North Adelaide, 5005, South Australia
| | - Cindy Stern
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, North Adelaide, 5005, South Australia
| | - Catalin Tufanaru
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, North Adelaide, 5005, South Australia
| | - Alexa McArthur
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, North Adelaide, 5005, South Australia
| | - Edoardo Aromataris
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, North Adelaide, 5005, South Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cardoso D, Santos E, Cardoso ML, Oliveira CR, Rodrigues MA, Apóstolo J. Instruments for measuring undergraduate nursing students' knowledge, attitudes and skills in evidence-based practice: a systematic review protocol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 15:1979-1986. [PMID: 28800044 DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-2016-003218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
REVIEW QUESTION/OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review is to identify and assess the properties of instruments for measuring undergraduate nursing students' knowledge, attitudes and skills in evidence-based practice (EBP).More specifically, the review questions are as follows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cardoso
- 1Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing, Nursing School of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 2Nursing School of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 3Portugal Centre for Evidence-Based Practice: a Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing, Nursing School of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 4Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 5Emergency Department: Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal 6Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Govender P, Joubert RWE. Evidence-Based Clinical Algorithm for Hypotonia Assessment: To Pardon the Errs. Occup Ther Int 2018; 2018:8967572. [PMID: 29853815 PMCID: PMC5941769 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8967572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the many advances in diagnostics, the clinical assessment of children with hypotonia presents a diagnostic challenge for clinicians due to the current subjectivity of the initial clinical assessment. The aim of this paper is to report on an evidence-based clinical algorithm (EBCA) that was developed for the clinical assessment of hypotonia in children as part of the output of a multiphased study towards assisting clinicians in more accurate assessments. This study formed part of a larger advanced mixed methods design. The preceding phases of the study included a systematic review, a survey amongst clinicians, a consensus process (Delphi technique), and a qualitative critique with multiple focus groups. Samples were drawn from three professional groups (occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and paediatricians). Data were analysed at each stage and merged in the development of the EBCA. The EBCA followed a rigorous process of development and critique. The methods for formulating changes in the revision and development of the EBCA are presented together with a description and presentation of the final algorithm for practice. The overarching concepts that guided the development and refinement of the EBCA are described, taking into consideration knowledge translation, evidence-based practice, and the value of EBCAs in addition to recommendations for stakeholder uptake. The EBCA is envisaged to be useful in practice for clinicians who are faced with the assessment of a child that is suspected as having hypotonia via a systematic process in identifying specific characteristics that are associated with low muscle tone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pragashnie Govender
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Robin Wendy Elizabeth Joubert
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Côrtes CT, de Oliveira SMJV, dos Santos RCS, Francisco AA, Riesco MLG, Shimoda GT. Implementation of evidence-based practices in normal delivery care. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2018; 26:e2988. [PMID: 29538583 PMCID: PMC5863276 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.2177.2988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to evaluate the impact of the implementation of evidence-based practices on normal delivery care. METHOD quasi-experimental, before-and-after intervention study conducted in a public maternity hospital, Amapá. Forty-two professionals and 280 puerperal women were interviewed and data from 555 medical records were analyzed. The study was developed in three phases: baseline audit (phase 1), educational intervention (phase 2) and post-intervention audit (phase 3). RESULTS after the intervention, there was an increase of 5.3 percentage points (p.p.) in the normal delivery rate. Interviews with the women revealed a significant increase of the presence of companions during labor (10.0 p.p.) and of adoption of the upright or squatting position (31.4 p.p.); significant reduction of amniotomy (16.8 p.p.), lithotomy position (24.3 p.p.), and intravenous oxytocin (17.1 p.p.). From the professionals' perspective, there was a statistical reduction in the prescription/administration of oxytocin (29.6 p.p.). In the analysis of medical records, a significant reduction in the rate of amniotomy (29.5 p.p.) and lithotomy position (1.5 p.p.) was observed; the rate of adoption of the upright or squatting position presented a statistical increase of 2.2 p.p. CONCLUSIONS there was a positive impact of the educational intervention on the improvement of parturition assistance, but the implementation process was not completely successful in the adoption of scientific evidence in normal delivery care in this institution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clodoaldo Tentes Côrtes
- Doctoral student, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo, São
Paulo, SP, Brazil. Assistant Professor, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde,
Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Munn Z, Stern C, Aromataris E, Lockwood C, Jordan Z. What kind of systematic review should I conduct? A proposed typology and guidance for systematic reviewers in the medical and health sciences. BMC Med Res Methodol 2018; 18:5. [PMID: 29316881 PMCID: PMC5761190 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-017-0468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic reviews have been considered as the pillar on which evidence-based healthcare rests. Systematic review methodology has evolved and been modified over the years to accommodate the range of questions that may arise in the health and medical sciences. This paper explores a concept still rarely considered by novice authors and in the literature: determining the type of systematic review to undertake based on a research question or priority. RESULTS Within the framework of the evidence-based healthcare paradigm, defining the question and type of systematic review to conduct is a pivotal first step that will guide the rest of the process and has the potential to impact on other aspects of the evidence-based healthcare cycle (evidence generation, transfer and implementation). It is something that novice reviewers (and others not familiar with the range of review types available) need to take account of but frequently overlook. Our aim is to provide a typology of review types and describe key elements that need to be addressed during question development for each type. CONCLUSIONS In this paper a typology is proposed of various systematic review methodologies. The review types are defined and situated with regard to establishing corresponding questions and inclusion criteria. The ultimate objective is to provide clarified guidance for both novice and experienced reviewers and a unified typology with respect to review types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Munn
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, North Adelaide, Soueth Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Cindy Stern
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, North Adelaide, Soueth Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Edoardo Aromataris
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, North Adelaide, Soueth Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Craig Lockwood
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, North Adelaide, Soueth Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Zoe Jordan
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, North Adelaide, Soueth Australia 5005 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Uhrenfeldt L, Martinsen B, Jørgensen LB, Sørensen EE. The state of Danish nursing ethnographic research: flowering, nurtured or malnurtured - a critical review. Scand J Caring Sci 2017; 32:56-75. [PMID: 28795475 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing was established in Denmark as a scholarly tradition in the late nineteen eighties, and ethnography was a preferred method. No critical review has yet summarised accomplishments and gaps and pointing at directions for the future methodological development and research herein. AIM This review critically examines the current state of the use of ethnographic methodology in the body of knowledge from Danish nursing scholars. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search in relevant databases from 2003 to 2016. The studies included were critically appraised by all authors for methodological robustness using the ten-item instrument QARI from Joanna Briggs Institute. RESULTS Two hundred and eight studies met our inclusion criteria and 45 papers were included; the critical appraisal gave evidence of studies with certain robustness, except for the first question concerning the congruity between the papers philosophical perspective and methodology and the seventh question concerning reflections about the influence of the researcher on the study and vice versa. In most studies (n = 34), study aims and arguments for selecting ethnographic research are presented. Additionally, method sections in many studies illustrated that ethnographical methodology is nurtured by references such as Hammersley and Atkinson or Spradley. CONCLUSIONS Evidence exists that Danish nursing scholars' body of knowledge nurtures the ethnographic methodology mainly by the same few authors; however, whether this is an expression of a deliberate strategy or malnutrition in the form of lack of knowledge of other methodological options appears yet unanswered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth Uhrenfeldt
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Nord University, Bodø, Norway.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg Ø, Denmark.,Danish Centre of Systematic reviews: An Affiliate Center of Joanna Briggs Institute, The Center of Excellence- Clearing House, Aalborg University, Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Bente Martinsen
- Department of Public Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Erik Elgaard Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nursing Research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bullock A, Barnes E, Morris ZS, Fairbank J, de Pury J, Howell R, Denman S. Getting the most out of knowledge and innovation transfer agents in health care: a qualitative study. HEALTH SERVICES AND DELIVERY RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3310/hsdr04330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundKnowledge and innovation transfer (KIT) is recognised internationally as a complex, dynamic process that is difficult to embed in organisations. There is growing use of health service–academic–industry collaborations in the UK, with knowledge brokers linking producers with the users of knowledge and innovation.AimFocusing on KIT ‘agent’ roles within Academic Health Science Networks in England and Partnerships in Wales, we show how individual dispositions, processes and content contribute to desired outcomes.MethodsWe studied the KIT intentions of all Academic Health Science Networks in England, and the South East Wales Academic Health Science Partnership. Using a qualitative case study design, we studied the work of 13 KIT agents purposively sampled from five networks, by collecting data from observation of meetings, documentation, KIT agent audio-diaries, and semistructured interviews with KIT agents, their line managers and those they supported (‘Links’). We also used a consensus method in a meeting of experts (nominal group technique) to discuss the measurement of outcomes of KIT agent activity.FindingsThe case study KIT agents were predominantly from a clinical background with differing levels of experience and expertise, with the shared aim of improving services and patient care. Although outside of recognised career structures, the flexibility afforded to KIT agents to define their role was an enabler of success. Other helpful factors included (1) time and resources to devote to KIT activity; (2) line manager support and a team to assist in the work; and (3) access and the means to use data for improvement projects. The organisational and political context could be challenging. KIT agents not only tackled local barriers such as siloed working, but also navigated shifting regional and national policies. Board-level support for knowledge mobilisation together with a culture of reflection (listening to front-line staff), openness to challenges and receptivity to research all enabled KIT agents to achieve desired outcomes. Nominal group findings underscored the importance of relating measures to specific intended outcomes. However, the case studies highlighted that few measures were employed by KIT agents and their managers. Using social marketing theory helped to show linkages between processes, outcomes and impact, and drew attention to how KIT agents developed insight into their clients’ needs and tailored work accordingly.LimitationsLevel of KIT agent participation varied; line managers and Links were interviewed only once; and outcomes were self-reported.ConclusionsSocial marketing theory provided a framework for analysing KIT agent activity. The preparatory work KIT agents do in listening, understanding local context and building relationships enabled them to develop ‘insight’ and adapt their ‘offer’ to clients to achieve desired outcomes.Future workThe complexity of the role and the environment in which it is played out justifies more research on KIT agents. Suggestions include (1) longitudinal study of career pathways; (2) how roles are negotiated within teams and how competing priorities are managed; (3) how success is measured; (4) the place of improvement methodologies within KIT work; (5) the application of social marketing theory to comparative study of similar roles; and (6) patients as KIT agents.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Bullock
- The Cardiff Unit for Research and Evaluation in Medical and Dental Education (CUREMeDE), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Emma Barnes
- The Cardiff Unit for Research and Evaluation in Medical and Dental Education (CUREMeDE), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | | - Rosamund Howell
- Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Clinical Research and Innovation Centre, St Woolos Hospital, Newport, UK
| | - Susan Denman
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cordeiro L, Soares CB. Implementation of evidence-based health care using action research: An emancipatory approach. Int J Nurs Pract 2016; 22:333-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Cordeiro
- Speech Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine; University of Sao Paulo; SP Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cowell JM. Translational Science for School Nursing and School Health Services. J Sch Nurs 2016; 32:79-80. [DOI: 10.1177/1059840516634395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
23
|
Gomersall JS, Canuto K, Aromataris E, Braunack-Mayer A, Brown A. Systematic review to inform prevention and management of chronic disease for Indigenous Australians: overview and priorities. Aust N Z J Public Health 2015; 40:22-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Streak Gomersall
- Joanna Briggs Institute; University of Adelaide; South Australia
- SAHMRI Wardliparingga Aboriginal Research Unit; South Australia
- School of Public Health; University of Adelaide; South Australia
| | - Karla Canuto
- SAHMRI Wardliparingga Aboriginal Research Unit; South Australia
| | | | | | - Alex Brown
- SAHMRI Wardliparingga Aboriginal Research Unit; South Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The evidence-based health care movement has generated new opportunity for scholars to generate synthesized sources of evidence. Systematic reviews are rigorous forms of synthesized evidence that scholars can conduct if they have requisite skills, time, and access to excellent library resources. Systematic reviews play an important role in synthesizing what is known and unknown about a particular health issue. Thus, they have a synergistic relationship with primary research. They can both inform clinical decisions when the evidence is adequate and identify gaps in knowledge to inform research priorities. Systematic reviews can be conducted of quantitative and qualitative evidence to answer many types of questions. They all share characteristics of rigor that arise from a priori protocol development, transparency, exhaustive searching, dual independent reviewers who critically appraise studies using standardized tools, rigor in synthesis, and peer review at multiple stages in the conduct and reporting of the systematic review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hopp
- Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, IN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Delagran L, Vihstadt C, Evans R. Aligning Theory and Design: The Development of an Online Learning Intervention to Teach Evidence-based Practice for Maximal Reach. Glob Adv Health Med 2015; 4:40-9. [PMID: 26421233 PMCID: PMC4563890 DOI: 10.7453/gahmj.2015.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Online educational interventions to teach evidence-based practice (EBP) are a promising mechanism for overcoming some of the barriers to incorporating research into practice. However, attention must be paid to aligning strategies with adult learning theories to achieve optimal outcomes. Methods: We describe the development of a series of short self-study modules, each covering a small set of learning objectives. Our approach, informed by design-based research (DBR), involved 6 phases: analysis, design, design evaluation, redesign, development/implementation, and evaluation. Participants were faculty and students in 3 health programs at a complementary and integrative educational institution. Results: We chose a reusable learning object approach that allowed us to apply 4 main learning theories: events of instruction, cognitive load, dual processing, and ARCS (attention, relevance, confidence, satisfaction). A formative design evaluation suggested that the identified theories and instructional approaches were likely to facilitate learning and motivation. Summative evaluation was based on a student survey (N=116) that addressed how these theories supported learning. Results suggest that, overall, the selected theories helped students learn. Conclusion: The DBR approach allowed us to evaluate the specific intervention and theories for general applicability. This process also helped us define and document the intervention at a level of detail that covers almost all the proposed Guideline for Reporting Evidence-based practice Educational intervention and Teaching (GREET) items. This thorough description will facilitate the interpretation of future research and implementation of the intervention. Our approach can also serve as a model for others considering online EBP intervention development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Delagran
- Center for Spirituality & Healing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States (Ms Delagran)
| | - Corrie Vihstadt
- Integrative Health and Wellbeing Research Program at the Center for Spirituality & Healing, University of Minnesota, United States (Dr Vihstadt)
| | - Roni Evans
- Integrative Health and Wellbeing Research Program at the Center for Spirituality & Healing, University of Minnesota, United States (Dr Evans)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
O'Reilly M, Karim K, Lester JN. Separating 'emotion' from 'the science': Exploring the perceived value of information for parents and families of children with autistic spectrum disorder. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2015; 20:500-14. [PMID: 24733376 DOI: 10.1177/1359104514530735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is a life-long condition. In recent years, there has been a rise in the number of children diagnosed with ASD and a greater recognition that parents need clear, accessible information communicated through different modalities. The objective of this research was to explore the views of stakeholders regarding their information needs, current information modalities and the perceived barriers and complexities of information. Three focus groups with the same stakeholders were conducted with a range of individuals from a variety of backgrounds, all of whom had a personal and/or professional interest in ASD. The same stakeholders were included in all three groups to promote depth of analysis and to facilitate rapport. All focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Three main issues were identified, including (1) the value of particular information sources; (2) the vulnerability of families and (3) the need for validated evidence. It was concluded, therefore, that information should be available through a multitude of modalities, accounting for the educational ability and economic status of families. The information should also be communicated in an accessible style, should be presented as trustworthy and clinical professionals may play a key role in translating information. Such information also needs to account for practical problems inherent to having a child with ASD, including time constraints and fatigue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle O'Reilly
- School of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, The Greenwood Institute, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Khalid Karim
- School of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, The Greenwood Institute, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Munn Z, Lockwood C, Moola S. The Development and Use of Evidence Summaries for Point of Care Information Systems: A Streamlined Rapid Review Approach. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2015; 12:131-8. [PMID: 25996621 DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A systematic review of evidence is the research method which underpins the traditional approach to evidence-based health care. As systematic reviews follow a rigorous methodology, they can take a substantial amount of time to complete ranging in duration from 6 months to 2 years. Rapid reviews have been proposed as a method to provide summaries of the literature in a more timely fashion. AIM The aim of this paper is to outline our experience of developing evidence summaries in the context of a point of care resource as a contribution to the emerging field of rapid review methodologies. METHODS Evidence summaries are defined as a synopsis that summarizes existing international evidence on healthcare interventions or activities. These summaries are based on structured searches of the literature and selected evidence-based healthcare databases. Following the search, all studies are assessed for internal validity using an abridged set of critical appraisal tools. Once developed, they undergo three levels of peer review by internal and external experts. RESULTS As of November 2014, there are 2458 evidence summaries that have been created across a range of conditions to inform evidence-based healthcare practices. In addition, there is ongoing development of various new evidence summaries on a wide range of topics. Approximately 60-70 new evidence summaries are published every month, covering research in various medical specialty areas. All summaries are updated annually. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION Systematic reviews, although the ideal type of research to inform practice, often do not meet the needs of users at the point of care. This article describes the development framework for the creation of evidence summaries, a type of rapid review. Although evidence summaries may result in a less rigorous process of development, they can be useful for improving practice at the point of care.
Collapse
|
28
|
Yoong SL, Hall A, Williams CM, Skelton E, Oldmeadow C, Wiggers J, Karimkhani C, Boyers LN, Dellavalle RP, Hilton J, Wolfenden L. Alignment of systematic reviews published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Database of Abstracts and Reviews of Effectiveness with global burden-of-disease data: a bibliographic analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health 2015; 69:708-14. [PMID: 25888595 PMCID: PMC4483792 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-205389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Systematic reviews of high-quality evidence are used to inform policy and practice. To improve community health, the production of such reviews should align with burden of disease. This study aims to assess if the volume of research output from systematic reviews proportionally aligns with burden of disease assessed using percentages of mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Methods A cross-sectional audit of reviews published between January 2012 and August 2013 in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) was undertaken. Percentages of mortality and DALYs were obtained from the 2010 Global Burden of Disease study. Standardised residual differences (SRD) based on percentages of mortality and DALYs were calculated, where conditions with SRD of more than or less than three were considered overstudied or understudied, respectively. Results 1029 reviews from CDSR and 1928 reviews from DARE were examined. There was a significant correlation between percentage DALYs and systematic reviews published in CDSR and DARE databases (CDSR: r=0.68, p=0.001; DARE: r=0.60, p<0.001). There was no significant correlation between percentage mortality and number of systematic reviews published in either database (CDSR: r=0.34, p=0.14; DARE: r=0.22, p=0.34). Relative to percentage of mortality, mental and behavioural disorders, musculoskeletal conditions and other non-communicable diseases were overstudied. Maternal disorders were overstudied relative to percentages of mortality and DALYs in CDSR. Conclusions The focus of systematic reviews is moderately correlated with DALYs. A number of conditions may be overstudied relative to percentage of mortality particularly in the context of health and medical reviews.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sze Lin Yoong
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia The University of Newcastle, School of Medicine and Public Health, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alix Hall
- The University of Newcastle, School of Medicine and Public Health, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher M Williams
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia The University of Newcastle, School of Medicine and Public Health, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eliza Skelton
- The University of Newcastle, School of Medicine and Public Health, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Oldmeadow
- The University of Newcastle, School of Medicine and Public Health, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Wiggers
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia The University of Newcastle, School of Medicine and Public Health, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chante Karimkhani
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Robert P Dellavalle
- Dermatology Service, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado, USA University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - John Hilton
- Cochrane Editorial Unit, The Cochrane Collaboration, London, UK
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia The University of Newcastle, School of Medicine and Public Health, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Khalil H, Chambers H, Munn Z, Porritt K. Improving Chronic Diseases Management Through the Development of an Evidence-Based Resource. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2015; 12:139-44. [PMID: 25817419 DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a large gap between evidence and practice within health care, particularly within the field of chronic disease. To reduce this gap and improve the management of chronic disease, a collaborative partnership between two schools within a large university and two industry partners (a large regional rural hospital and a rural community health center) in rural Victoria, Australia, was developed. The aim of the collaboration was to promote the development of translation science and the implementation of evidence-based health care in chronic disease with a specific focus on developing evidence-based resources that are easily accessed by clinicians. METHODS A working group consisting of members of the collaborating organizations and an internationally renowned expert reference group was formed. The group acted as a steering committee and was tasked with developing a taxonomy of the resources. In addition, a peer review process of all resources was established. A corresponding reference group consisting of researchers and clinicians who are clinical experts in various fields was involved in the review process. The resources developed by the group include evidence summaries and recommended practices made available on a web-based database, which can be accessed via subscription by clinicians and researchers worldwide. RESULTS As of mid-2014, there were 109 new evidence summaries and 25 recommended practices detailing the best available evidence on topics related to chronic disease management including asthma, diabetes, heart failure, dementia, and others. Training sessions and a newsletter were developed for clinicians within the node to enable them to use the content effectively. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION This paper describes the processes involved in the successful development of the collaborative partnership and its evolution into producing a valuable resource for the translation of evidence into practice in the areas of chronic disease management. The resource developed is being used by clinicians to inform practice and support their clinical decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Khalil
- Pharmacist Academic, Monash University, School of Rural Health, Moe, Vic., Australia.,Director, Centre for Chronic Diseases Management, Editor-in-Chief, International Journal of Evidence Based Health Care , Moe, Vic, Australia
| | - Helen Chambers
- Database Manager, Monish University, School of Rural Health, Moe, Vic, Australia
| | - Zachary Munn
- Senior Research Fellow, The University of Adelaide, Faculty of Health Sciences and School of Translational Sciences, The Joanna Briggs Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kylie Porritt
- Research Fellow, The University of Adelaide, Faculty of Health Sciences and School of Translational Sciences, The Joanna Briggs Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lockwood C. The Nursing Care Field AGM in Singapore this November. Int J Nurs Pract 2014; 20:680. [PMID: 25532879 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
31
|
Munn Z, Porritt K, Lockwood C, Aromataris E, Pearson A. Establishing confidence in the output of qualitative research synthesis: the ConQual approach. BMC Med Res Methodol 2014; 14:108. [PMID: 25927294 PMCID: PMC4190351 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-14-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of findings derived from syntheses of qualitative research has been increasingly acknowledged. Findings that arise from qualitative syntheses inform questions of practice and policy in their own right and are commonly used to complement findings from quantitative research syntheses. The GRADE approach has been widely adopted by international organisations to rate the quality and confidence of the findings of quantitative systematic reviews. To date, there has been no widely accepted corresponding approach to assist health care professionals and policy makers in establishing confidence in the synthesised findings of qualitative systematic reviews. METHODS A methodological group was formed develop a process to assess the confidence in synthesised qualitative research findings and develop a Summary of Findings tables for meta-aggregative qualitative systematic reviews. RESULTS Dependability and credibility are two elements considered by the methodological group to influence the confidence of qualitative synthesised findings. A set of critical appraisal questions are proposed to establish dependability, whilst credibility can be ranked according to the goodness of fit between the author's interpretation and the original data. By following the processes outlined in this article, an overall ranking can be assigned to rate the confidence of synthesised qualitative findings, a system we have labelled ConQual. CONCLUSIONS The development and use of the ConQual approach will assist users of qualitative systematic reviews to establish confidence in the evidence produced in these types of reviews and can serve as a practical tool to assist in decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Munn
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, South Australia.
| | - Kylie Porritt
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, South Australia.
| | - Craig Lockwood
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, South Australia.
| | - Edoardo Aromataris
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, South Australia.
| | - Alan Pearson
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, South Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Munn Z, Moola S, Riitano D, Lisy K. The development of a critical appraisal tool for use in systematic reviews addressing questions of prevalence. Int J Health Policy Manag 2014; 3:123-8. [PMID: 25197676 DOI: 10.15171/ijhpm.2014.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 811] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently there has been a significant increase in the number of systematic reviews addressing questions of prevalence. Key features of a systematic review include the creation of an a priori protocol, clear inclusion criteria, a structured and systematic search process, critical appraisal of studies, and a formal process of data extraction followed by methods to synthesize, or combine, this data. Currently there exists no standard method for conducting critical appraisal of studies in systematic reviews of prevalence data. METHODS A working group was created to assess current critical appraisal tools for studies reporting prevalence data and develop a new tool for these studies in systematic reviews of prevalence. Following the development of this tool it was piloted amongst an experienced group of sixteen healthcare researchers. RESULTS The results of the pilot found that this tool was a valid approach to assessing the methodological quality of studies reporting prevalence data to be included in systematic reviews. Participants found the tool acceptable and easy to use. Some comments were provided which helped refine the criteria. CONCLUSION The results of this pilot study found that this tool was well-accepted by users and further refinements have been made to the tool based on their feedback. We now put forward this tool for use by authors conducting prevalence systematic reviews.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Munn
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sandeep Moola
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dagmara Riitano
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Karolina Lisy
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Clinical research (CR) is a natural corollary to clinical surgery. It gives an investigator the opportunity to critically review their results and develop new strategies. This article covers the critical factors and the important components of a successful CR program. The first and most important step is to build a dedicated research team to overcome time constraints and enable a surgical practice to make CR a priority. With the research team in place, the next step is to create a program on the basis of an original idea and new clinical hypotheses. This often comes from personal experience supported by a review of the available evidence. Randomized controlled (clinical) trials are the most stringent way of determining whether a cause-effect relationship exists between the intervention and the outcome. In the proper setting, translational research may offer additional avenues allowing clinical application of basic science discoveries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Scoglio
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alessandro Fichera
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Braun L, Daudt HM, Watson P. Overcoming the translational roadblocks: a cancer care and research model. Clin Transl Med 2014; 3:11. [PMID: 24900890 PMCID: PMC4026392 DOI: 10.1186/2001-1326-3-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many challenges to the process of translating the knowledge gained in the laboratory into new clinical approaches that can meet the needs of patients, clinicians and the wider community. We describe here an initiative that has borrowed concepts and principles from participatory research to produce a new process embedded in a cancer center aiming to facilitate translational research and overcome the three translational roadblocks. The centre-wide project named Personal Response Determinants in Cancer Therapy (PREDICT) operates with the support of the centre’s leadership, staff, volunteers and patients to contribute to current and future cancer research successes. We describe the different phases of the project, the current structure and lessons learned during its evolution, highlighting how PREDICT contributes to translational research and its linkage to participatory research concepts. Despite the contextualized nature of the PREDICT initiative, we believe that the framework developed for the project has the potential to help other clinical centers to overcome the translational research roadblocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Braun
- Vancouver Island Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC V8R 6 V5, Canada
| | - Helena Ml Daudt
- Vancouver Island Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC V8R 6 V5, Canada
| | - Peter Watson
- Vancouver Island Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC V8R 6 V5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|