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Armstrong SK, Hunter RW, Oosthyuzen W, Parys M, Gow AG, Schmitz SS, Dear JW, Mellanby RJ. Candidate circulating microRNA biomarkers in dogs with chronic pancreatitis. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:995-1004. [PMID: 38351718 PMCID: PMC10937508 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatitis is an important cause of disease and death in dogs. Available circulating biomarkers are not sufficiently sensitive and specific for a definitive diagnosis. HYPOTHESIS Circulating microRNAs would be differentially expressed in dogs with chronic pancreatitis and could have potential as diagnostic biomarkers. ANIMALS Healthy controls (n = 19) and dogs with naturally occurring pancreatitis (n = 17). METHODS A retrospective case-control study. Dogs with pancreatitis were included if they satisfied diagnostic criteria for pancreatitis as adjudicated by 3 experts. MicroRNA was extracted from stored serum samples and sequenced. Reads were mapped to mature microRNA sequences in the canine, mouse, and human genomes. Differentially expressed microRNAs were identified and the potential mechanistic relevance explored using Qiagen Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). RESULTS Reads mapping to 196 mature microRNA sequences were detected. Eight circulating microRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in dogs with pancreatitis (≥2-fold change and false discovery rate <0.05). Four of these mapped to the canine genome (cfa-miR-221, cfa-miR-222, cfa-miR-23a, and cfa-miR-205). Three mapped to the murine genome (mmu-miR-484, mmu-miR-6240, mmu-miR-101a-3p) and 1 to the human genome (hsa-miR-1290). Expression in dogs with pancreatitis was higher for 7 microRNAs and lower for mmu-miR-101a-3p. Qiagen IPA demonstrated a number of the differently expressed microRNAs are involved in a common pancreatic inflammatory pathway. CONCLUSIONS The significantly differentially expressed microRNAs represent promising candidates for further validation as diagnostic biomarkers for canine pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K. Armstrong
- School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Surrey, GuildfordSurreyUnited Kingdom
| | - Robert W. Hunter
- Edinburgh Kidney, Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Wilna Oosthyuzen
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Maciej Parys
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Silke Salavati Schmitz
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - James W. Dear
- Centre for Precision Cell Therapy for the Liver, Lothian Health BoardQueens Medical Research InstituteEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Mellanby
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- IdexxWetherbyUnited Kingdom
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Lu C, Li S, Qing P, Zhang Q, Ji X, Tang Z, Chen C, Wu T, Hu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang X, He Q, Fox DA, Tan C, Luo Y, Liu Y. Single-cell transcriptome analysis and protein profiling reveal broad immune system activation in IgG4-related disease. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167602. [PMID: 37561593 PMCID: PMC10544205 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic autoimmune disease with unclear pathogenesis. We performed single-cell RNA-seq and surface proteome analyses on 61,379 PBMCs from 9 treatment-naive IgG4-RD patients and 7 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Integrative analyses were performed for altered gene expression in IgG4-RD, and flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used for validation. We observed expansion of plasmablasts with enhanced protein processing and activation, which correlated with the number of involved organs in IgG4-RD. Increased proportions of CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), CD8+ CTLs-GNLY (granulysin), and γδT cells with enhanced chemotaxis and cytotoxicity but with suppressed inhibitory receptors characterize IgG4-RD. Prominent infiltration of lymphocytes with distinct compositions were found in different organs of IgG4-RD patients. Transcription factors (TFs), including PRDM1/XBP1 and RUNX3, were upregulated in IgG4-RD, promoting the differentiation of plasmablasts and CTLs, respectively. Monocytes in IgG4-RD have stronger expression of genes related to cell adhesion and chemotaxis, which may give rise to profibrotic macrophages in lesions. The gene activation pattern in peripheral immune cells indicated activation of multiple interaction pathways between cell types, in part through chemokines or growth factors and their receptors. Specific upregulation of TFs and expansion of plasmablasts and CTLs may be involved in the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD, and each of these populations are candidate targets for therapeutic interventions in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Shasha Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology & Guangzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, Medical Center for Comprehensive Weight Control, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingying Qing
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Ji
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhigang Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yidan Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - David A. Fox
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chunyu Tan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubin Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Kandikattu HK, Venkateshaiah SU, Mishra A. Chronic Pancreatitis and the Development of Pancreatic Cancer. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:1182-1210. [PMID: 32324526 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200423095700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatitis is a fibro-inflammatory disorder of the pancreas that can occur acutely or chronically as a result of the activation of digestive enzymes that damage pancreatic cells, which promotes inflammation. Chronic pancreatitis with persistent fibro-inflammation of the pancreas progresses to pancreatic cancer, which is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths across the globe. Pancreatic cancer involves cross-talk of inflammatory, proliferative, migratory, and fibrotic mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the role of cytokines in the inflammatory cell storm in pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer and their role in the activation of SDF1α/CXCR4, SOCS3, inflammasome, and NF-κB signaling. The aberrant immune reactions contribute to pathological damage of acinar and ductal cells, and the activation of pancreatic stellate cells to a myofibroblast-like phenotype. We summarize several aspects involved in the promotion of pancreatic cancer by inflammation and include a number of regulatory molecules that inhibit that process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth K Kandikattu
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Centre (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Sathisha U Venkateshaiah
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Centre (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Anil Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Centre (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
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Alcohol and Smoking Mediated Modulations in Adaptive Immunity in Pancreatitis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081880. [PMID: 32796685 PMCID: PMC7463831 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis is a condition of pancreatic inflammation driven by injury to the pancreatic parenchyma. The extent of acinar insult, intensity, and type of immune response determines the severity of the disease. Smoking, alcohol and autoimmune pancreatitis are some of the predominant risk factors that increase the risk of pancreatitis by differentially influencing the adaptive immune system. The overall decrease in peripheral lymphocyte (T-, B- and (natural killer T-) NKT-cell) count and increased infiltration into the damaged pancreatic tissue highlight the contribution of adaptive immunity in the disease pathology. Smoking and alcohol modulate the responsiveness and apoptosis of T- and B-cells during pancreatic insult. Acute pancreatitis worsens with smoking and alcohol, leading to the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome, suggesting the critical role of adaptive immunity in fatal outcomes such as multiple organ dysfunction. The presence of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes and perforin-expressing cells in the fibrotic tissue in chronic pancreatitis modulate the severity of the disease. Due to their important role in altering the severity of the disease, attempts to target adaptive immune mediators will be critical for the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Masunaga A, Ishibashi F, Koh E, Oide T, Sekine Y, Hiroshima K. Possible relationship between fibrosis of IgG4-related thymitis and the profibrotic cytokines, transforming growth factor beta 1, interleukin 1 beta and interferon gamma: a case report. Diagn Pathol 2018; 13:6. [PMID: 29439708 PMCID: PMC5811959 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-018-0684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgG4-related disease often forms a mass and the affected lesion is clinically removed because the mass cannot be differentiated from a neoplasm. Affected lesions commonly occur in the pancreas, hepatobiliary tract, kidney, and retroperitoneum. However, the lesion rarely occurs in the thymus. A histological worldwide consensus of IgG4-related disease proposed that pathological diagnosis of IgG4-related disease should meet more than two of three major features: 1) dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with greater than 40% IgG4+/IgG+ plasma cells, 2) storiform fibrosis; and 3) obliterative phlebitis. Currently, fibrosis of IgG4-related disease is thought to be induced by profibrotic cytokines such as transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1), interleukin 1 beta (IL1B) and interferon gamma (IFNG), which are secreted by regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD4-positive cytotoxic T cells. However, it is unclear whether profibrotic cytokines are associated with the fibrosis seen in IgG4-related thymitis. Here we examined whether cytokines in the mass were increased compared with those in the surrounding thymus, and whether Tregs were present in the mass, using reverse transcription absolute quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-ab-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. CASE PRESENTATION A 70-year-old Japanese man contracted IgG4-letated thymitis. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated his mass had massive fibrosis with a focally storiform pattern and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with 40% IgG4+/IgG+ plasma cells, but not obliterative phlebitis. The mass was surrounded by atrophic thymus. We diagnosed the mass as IgG4-related thymitis. Immunohistochemically, Tregs were scattered throughout the mass. RT-ab-qPCR showed that messenger RNA expressions of TGFB1, IL1B and IFNG in the mass were 270-, 158- and 5.5- fold higher than in the surrounding thymus. His serum IgG4 level after surgery was within the normal range (83.4 mg/dl soon after surgery, 89.3 mg/dl 2 weeks after surgery). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested the profibrotic cytokines TGFB1, IL1B and IFNG induce fibrosis and that Tregs might produce some of these cytokines in IgG4-related thymitis as well as in the other affected lesions of IgG4-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Masunaga
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, 477-96 Owada-Shinden, Yachiyo, Chiba, 276-8524 Japan
- Respiratory Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Fumihiro Ishibashi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eitetsu Koh
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Oide
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, 477-96 Owada-Shinden, Yachiyo, Chiba, 276-8524 Japan
| | - Yasuo Sekine
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenzo Hiroshima
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, 477-96 Owada-Shinden, Yachiyo, Chiba, 276-8524 Japan
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Abstract
IgG4-related hepatobiliary diseases are part of a multiorgan fibroinflammatory condition termed IgG4-related disease, and include IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC) and IgG4-related hepatopathy. These diseases can present with biliary strictures and/or mass lesions, making them difficult to differentiate from primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) or other hepatobiliary malignancies. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical, biochemical, radiological and histological findings. However, a gold standard diagnostic test is lacking, warranting the identification of more specific disease markers. Novel assays - such as the serum IgG4:IgG1 ratio and IgG4:IgG RNA ratio (which distinguish IgG4-SC from PSC with high serum IgG4 levels), and plasmablast expansion to recognize IgG4-SC with normal serum IgG4 levels - require further validation. Steroids and other immunosuppressive therapies can lead to clinical and radiological improvement when given in the inflammatory phase of the disease, but evidence for the efficacy of treatment regimens is limited. Progressive fibrosclerotic disease, liver cirrhosis and an increased risk of malignancy are now recognized outcomes. Insights into the genetic and immunological features of the disease have increased over the past decade, with an emphasis on HLAs, T cells, circulating memory B cells and plasmablasts, chemokine-mediated trafficking, as well as the role of the innate immune system.
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Hypermethylation of MST1 in IgG4-related autoimmune pancreatitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:968-74. [PMID: 26056943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase Mst1 plays important roles in the control of immune cell trafficking, proliferation, and differentiation. Previously, we reported that Mst1 was required for thymocyte selection and regulatory T-cell functions, thereby the prevention of autoimmunity in mice. In humans, MST1 null mutations cause T-cell immunodeficiency and hypergammaglobulinemia with autoantibody production. RASSF5C(RAPL) is an activator of MST1 and it is frequently methylated in some tumors. Herein, we investigated methylation of the promoter regions of MST1 and RASSF5C(RAPL) in leukocytes from patients with IgG4-related autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Increased number of CpG methylation in the 5' region of MST1 was detected in AIP patients with extrapancreatic lesions, whereas AIP patients without extrapancreatic lesions were similar to controls. In RA patients, we detected a slight increased CpG methylation in MST1, although the overall number of methylation sites was lower than that of AIP patients with extrapancreatic lesions. There were no significant changes of the methylation levels of the CpG islands in the 5' region of RASSF5C(RAPL) in leukocytes from AIP and RA patients. Consistently, we found a significantly down-regulated expression of MST1 in regulatory T cells of AIP patients. Our results suggest that the decreased expression of MST1 in regulatory T cells due to hypermethylation of the promoter contributes to the pathogenesis of IgG4-related AIP.
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Possible involvement of Toll-like receptor 7 in the development of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis. J Gastroenterol 2015; 50:435-44. [PMID: 25005350 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-014-0977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) levels and IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration are characteristic of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). It is unclear whether innate immunity is a cause of type 1 AIP; the possible involvement of microbial infection has been suggested in its pathogenesis. To clarify the pathogenesis of type 1 AIP, we investigated Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in type 1 AIP patients. METHODS We studied nine cases of type 1 AIP with ten cases of alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (ACP) and three of the samples from non-tumorous lesion of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) as control subjects. We counted the number of TLR1-11-positive cells immunohistochemically stained with anti-TLR1-11 antibodies. To identify TLR-positive cells in pancreata from type 1 AIP patients, we used a double-immunofluorescence method and counted the numbers of identifiable CD68-, CD163-, CD123-, and CD20-positive cells. RESULTS In type 1 AIP, TLR7 (8.815 ± 1.755), TLR8 (3.852 ± 1.489), and TLR10 (3.852 ± 0.921) were highly expressed. Only the ratio of TLR7 per monocyte was significantly higher in type 1 AIP (0.053 ± 0.012) than in ACP (0.007 ± 0.004; p < 0.01) and non-tumorous lesion of NET (0.000 ± 0.000; p < 0.01). In type 1 AIP, the CD163 to TLR7 ratio (0.789 ± 0.031) was significantly higher both than that of CD123 to TLR7 ratio (0.034 ± 0.006; p < 0.001) and CD20 to TLR7 ratio (0.029 ± 0.010; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS TLR7 might be key pattern-recognition receptors involved in the development of type 1 AIP.
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Seleznik G, Graf R. Alternatives to steroids?! Beneficial effects of immunosuppressant drugs in autoimmune pancreatitis. Gut 2014; 63:376-7. [PMID: 23633291 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-304768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gitta Seleznik
- Division of Visceral & Transplantation Surgery, Swiss HPB (Hepato-pancreato-biliary) Center, , Zürich, Switzerland
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The role of CD19+ CD24high CD38high and CD19+ CD24high CD27+ regulatory B cells in patients with type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2014; 14:193-200. [PMID: 24854615 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) have several immunologic and histologic abnormalities. It is known that depletion of B cells by rituximab is effective for treatment of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) such as type 1 AIP, suggesting that B cells may be a key player in IgG4-RD. However, the role of regulatory B cells (Bregs) in type 1 AIP is unclear, and the objective of this paper is to clarify the role of Bregs in the pathophysiology of type 1 AIP by analyzing circulating Bregs. METHOD We recruited 21 patients with type 1 AIP as determined by the International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria for AIP (ICDC). No patients received corticosteroid treatments. For comparison, we recruited 14 patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP), 20 patients with pancreatic cancer, and 25 healthy subjects as controls. We analyzed Bregs as CD19+ CD24high CD38high and CD19+ CD24high CD27+ from peripheral blood by flow cytometry. RESULTS In peripheral blood, CD19+ CD24high CD38high Bregs were significantly increased in type 1 AIP patients compared with CP, pancreatic cancer, and healthy controls. Although not significant different, CD19+ CD24high CD27+ Bregs of type 1 AIP were decreased compared to those of other groups. IL-10(+) B cells were not significantly different from type 1 AIP patients and healthy controls. In untreated type 1 AIP patients, the number of CD19+ CD24high CD38high Bregs and IgG4 were not correlated. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that CD19+ CD24high CD38high Bregs seemed to increase reactively to suppress the disease activity, and are consistent with the hypothesis that CD19+ CD24high CD27+ Bregs might be involved in the development of type 1 AIP, although it still remains unclear whether the decrease of CD19+ CD24high CD27+ cells is cause or effect of AIP.
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ICOS regulates the generation and function of human CD4+ Treg in a CTLA-4 dependent manner. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82203. [PMID: 24312642 PMCID: PMC3846688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) is a member of CD28/Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Antigen-4 (CTLA-4) family and broadly expressed in activated CD4(+) T cells and induced regulatory CD4(+) T cells (CD4(+) iTreg). ICOS-related signal pathway could be activated by the interaction between ICOS and its ligand (ICOSL). In our previous work, we established a cost-effective system to generate a novel human allo-antigen specific CD4(hi) Treg by co-culturing their naïve precursors with allogeneic CD40-activated B cells in vitro. Here we investigate the role of ICOS in the generation and function of CD4(hi) Treg by interrupting ICOS-ICOSL interaction with ICOS-Ig. It is found that blockade of ICOS-ICOSL interaction impairs the induction and expansion of CD4(hi) Treg induced by allogeneic CD40-activated B cells. More importantly, CD4(hi) Treg induced with the addition of ICOS-Ig exhibits decreased suppressive capacity on alloantigen-specific responses. Dysfunction of CD4(hi) Treg induced with ICOS-Ig is accompanied with its decreased exocytosis and surface CTLA-4 expression. Through inhibiting endocytosis with E64 and pepstatin A, surface CTLA-4 expression and suppressive functions of induced CD4(hi) Treg could be partly reversed. Conclusively, our results demonstrate the beneficial role of ICOS-ICOSL signal pathway in the generation and function of CD4(hi) Treg and uncover a novel relationship between ICOS and CTLA-4.
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Possible Involvement of Foxp3(+) Regulatory T Cells in the Development of Immune-Mediated Pancreatitis in MRL/Mp Mice Treated with Polyinosinic:Polycytidylic Acid. Int J Rheumatol 2013; 2013:367325. [PMID: 23781248 PMCID: PMC3678441 DOI: 10.1155/2013/367325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. This study was conducted to clarify whether or not Tregs are involved in the development of immune-mediated pancreatitis in MRL/Mp mice as an AIP (autoimmune pancreatitis) model, in order to understand more clearly the pathogenic mechanism of AIP. Methods. We compared the immunohistochemical features of pancreatic forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) in the administration of poly I:C in MRL/Mp mice and two types of control mice (BALB/c and C57BL/6). As a contrast, we analyzed three mouse models of pancreatitis without autoimmune mechanism (Cerulein-, Ligation-, and Ligation + Cerulein-treated mice). After staining these specimens, we compared the ratios of Foxp3-positive cells to infiltrated mononuclear cells (Foxp3/Mono). Results. Our immunohistochemical study of Foxp3 revealed that the infiltration of Foxp3-positive cells increased in poly I:C-treated MRL/Mp mice. The histopathological score of pancreatitis showed no difference among poly I:C-treated MRL/Mp, Ligation-, and Ligation + Cerulein-treated mice; however, the Foxp3/Mono ratio in poly I:C-treated MRL/Mp mice was significantly increased compared with Ligation- and Ligation + Cerulein-treated mice. Conclusions. MRL/Mp mice treated with poly I:C showed early development of pancreatitis with abundant infiltration of Foxp3-positive cells. There may be a possibility that Tregs are involved in the development of pancreatitis in these mice.
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Zhang L, Wang N, Zhou S, Ye W, Yao Q, Jing G, Zhang M. Preventive effect of ulinastatin on postoperative complications, immunosuppression, and recurrence in esophagectomy patients. World J Surg Oncol 2013; 11:84. [PMID: 23575450 PMCID: PMC3626858 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-11-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the potential efficacy of preventive effect of ulinastatin in esophagectomy patients. Methods Eighty patients with esophageal cancer were preoperatively allocated at random into two equal groups. Ulinastatin was administered to the treatment group (U) whereas the control group (C) received a placebo. The arterial oxygen tension and carbon dioxide tension were measured and the respiratory index (RI) was calculated. Plasma levels of circulating T lymphocyte subsets and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured and clinical courses of patients in the two groups were compared. Results RI in the U group was significantly lower than that in the C group. The rate of postoperative complications and the duration of ICU stay were significantly lower in the U group. Ulinastatin significantly increased the rate of CD3+ and CD4+ cells, and ratio of CD4+/CD8+, but decreased the rate of CD8+ cells and release of IL-6 compared to the C group on postoperative days 1 and 3. Patients within the C group showed worse recurrence free survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that ulinastatin administration significantly decreased the incidence of recurrence. Conclusions Ulinastatin had a preventive effect on postoperative complications and immunosuppression in esophagectomy patients, thereby prolongingrecurrence free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
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Lo Re S, Lison D, Huaux F. CD4+
T lymphocytes in lung fibrosis: diverse subsets, diverse functions. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 93:499-510. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0512261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Sun JK, Mu XW, Li WQ, Tong ZH, Li J, Zheng SY. Effects of early enteral nutrition on immune function of severe acute pancreatitis patients. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:917-922. [PMID: 23431120 PMCID: PMC3574890 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i6.917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of early enteral nutrition (EEN) on the immune function and clinical outcome of patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).
METHODS: Patients were randomly allocated to receive EEN or delayed enteral nutrition (DEN). Enteral nutrition was started within 48 h after admission in EEN group, whereas from the 8th day in DEN group. All the immunologic parameters and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were collected on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 after admission. The clinical outcome variables were also recorded.
RESULTS: Sixty SAP patients were enrolled to this study. The CD4+ T-lymphocyte percentage, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and the CRP levels in EEN group became significantly lower than in DEN group from the 7th day after admission. In contrast, the immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels and human leukocyte antigen-DR expression in EEN group became significantly higher than in DEN group from the 7th day after admission. No difference of CD8+ T-lymphocyte percentage, IgM and IgA levels was found between the two groups. The incidences of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and pancreatic infection as well as the duration of intensive care unit stay were significantly lower in EEN group than in DEN group. However, there was no difference of hospital mortality between the two groups.
CONCLUSION: EEN moderates the excessive immune response during the early stage of SAP without leading to subsequent immunosuppression. EEN can improve the clinical outcome, but not decrease the hospital mortality of SAP patients.
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Algül H, Chari ST. Lymphotoxin in the pathogenesis of autoimmune pancreatitis: a new player in the field. Gastroenterology 2012; 143:1147-1150. [PMID: 23000229 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Algül
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Suresh T Chari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
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