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Okoshi K, Ito S, Matsuoka M, Kinugasa Y, Shimizu E, Tanaka K, Okada J, Nishizaka T, Nagasawa A, Seki T, Iijima M, Abe M, Nemoto O. Combination of a Topical Anti-Inflammatory Drug and a Moisturizer, Both with a Lamellar Structure Containing Synthetic Pseudo-Ceramides, for the Treatment of Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Atopic Dermatitis. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:1569-1578. [PMID: 38974707 PMCID: PMC11227832 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s467934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Atopic dermatitis is characterized by chronic inflammation and dryness accompanied by severe itching. The combined use of moisturizers and topical anti-inflammatory drugs is essential for alleviating atopic dermatitis. We have developed a topical anti-inflammatory drug with a steroid and a moisturizer with heparinoid, both in lamellar structure-based formulations containing synthetic pseudo-ceramides. Here, assessed the efficacy of this combination in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Methods We included 22 patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis and subjected them to a seven-week treatment with the test formulations, followed by a four-week post-treatment period. Results Clinical findings and the quality of life of participants remarkably improved after one week of treatment. Furthermore, skin hydration and transepidermal water loss considerably improved at weeks one and three, respectively. The Cer [NP]/[NS] ratio, an indicator of epidermal turnover, substantially increased during the treatment period and remained elevated even thereafter. The improvement in stratum corneum function was distinctive in participants with lower barrier function. Conclusion These findings indicated that the combined use of the anti-inflammatory drug and moisturizer, both in lamellar structure-based formulations, is effective in treating atopic dermatitis in patients with fragile barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Okoshi
- Human Health Care Products Research, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Ito
- Human Health Care Products Research, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Matsuoka
- Human Health Care Products Research, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Eri Shimizu
- Analytical Science Research, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kosei Tanaka
- Analytical Science Research, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Joji Okada
- Skin Care Products Research, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Azumi Nagasawa
- Human Health Care Products Research, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Seki
- Human Health Care Products Research, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Iijima
- Human Health Care Products Research, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Magnano GC, Marussi G, Crosera M, Hasa D, Adami G, Lionetti N, Larese Filon F. Probing the effectiveness of barrier creams against human skin penetration of nickel powder. Int J Cosmet Sci 2024; 46:39-50. [PMID: 37565324 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Barrier creams (BCs) are marketed as locally applied medical devices or cosmetic products to protect the skin from exposure to chemicals and irritants. Generally, the mechanism of action of such products is mainly due to the formation of a superficial thin film between the skin and the irritant or sensitizer, thus reducing or totally blocking the cutaneous penetration of such agents. Specifically, studies focusing on the effectiveness of commercial protective creams to prevent nickel cutaneous penetration are extremely scarce. The aim of the current work, therefore, is to evaluate the protective role of a commercially available barrier cream for nickel and compare the results with a simple moisturizing, following exposure to Ni powder. METHODS Marketed BCs were evaluated and tested. Human skin absorption of Ni was studied in vitro using static Franz diffusion cells. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that the application of both formulations caused a reduction of Ni inside the skin (8.00 ± 3.35 μg cm-2 for the barrier cream and 22.6 ± 12.6 μg cm-2 for the general moisturizing product), with the specialized barrier cream being statistically (p = 0.015) more efficient on forming a protective barrier, thus evidencing the importance of some ingredients in such formulations on the nickel dermal accumulation. CONCLUSIONS The composition of the formulations based on film-forming or chelating agents may play an imperative role in reducing the cutaneous penetration of Ni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Camilla Magnano
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanna Marussi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Crosera
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Dritan Hasa
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Adami
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Jang HJ, Lee JB, Yoon JK. Advanced In Vitro Three-Dimensional Skin Models of Atopic Dermatitis. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:539-552. [PMID: 36995643 PMCID: PMC10313606 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent inflammatory skin diseases that is characterized by eczematous rashes, intense itching, dry skin, and sensitive skin. Although AD significantly impacts the quality of life and the number of patients keeps increasing, its pathological mechanism is still unknown because of its complexity. The importance of developing new in vitro three-dimensional (3D) models has been underlined in order to understand the mechanisms for the development of therapeutics since the limitations of 2D models or animal models have been repeatedly reported. Thus, the new in vitro AD models should not only be created in 3D structure, but also reflect the pathological characteristics of AD, which are known to be associated with Th2-mediated inflammatory responses, epidermal barrier disruption, increased dermal T-cell infiltration, filaggrin down-regulation, or microbial imbalance. In this review, we introduce various types of in vitro skin models including 3D culture methods, skin-on-a-chips, and skin organoids, as well as their applications to AD modeling for drug screening and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jeong Jang
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Kee Yoon
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Dupilumab: Direct Cost and Clinical Evaluation in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. Dermatol Res Pract 2023; 2023:4592087. [PMID: 36846564 PMCID: PMC9946764 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4592087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Health care spending in Italy is high and continues to increase; assessing the long-term health and economic outcomes of new therapies is essential. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, pruritic, immune-mediated inflammatory dermatosis, a clinical condition that significantly affects patients' quality of life at a high cost and requires continuous care. This retrospective study aimed to assess the direct cost and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of Dupilumab and patients' clinical outcomes. All AD patients treated with Dupilumab at the Sassari University Hospital, Italy, between January 2019 and December 2021 were included. Eczema Area Severity Index, Dermatology Life Quality Index, and Itch Numeric Rating Scale scores were measured. ADRs and drug expenses were analyzed. A statistically significant posttreatment improvement was observed for all the indices measured: EASI (P < 0.0001), DLQI (P < 0.0001), NRS (P < 0.0001). The total expenditure for Dupilumab, in the observed period, amounted to € 589.748,66 for 1358 doses, and a positive correlation was shown between annual expenditure and delta percentage of variation pre- and posttreatment for the clinical parameters evaluated.
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5
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Guarneri F, Belloni Fortina A, Corazza M, Cristaudo A, Foti C, Parodi A, Pigatto P, Stingeni L, DE Pità O. Topical non-pharmacological treatment of eczema: an Italian consensus. Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2022; 157:402-413. [PMID: 36213968 DOI: 10.23736/s2784-8671.22.07283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Eczematous diseases (contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, hand eczema) are among the most frequent findings in dermatological clinical practice. A large body of evidence exists on structural and functional skin barrier damage in eczematous diseases, and on the importance of interventions aimed to repair such damage. While there is substantial agreement on pharmacological treatment, more sparse data are available on role, indications and usefulness of topical non-pharmacological treatments, despite significant research and progress in the composition and technology of emollients, cleansers and barrier creams significantly changed and expanded the functional activities of these products. This often leads to inadequate prescription and/or use, which increase individual and social costs of the disease and make the products useless or, in some cases, even counterproductive. This consensus document, discussed and compiled in a series of meetings by a group of Italian dermatologists experienced in the field of eczematous diseases, summarizes epidemiology and clinical features of the nosological entities of the "eczema family", illustrates the chemical/biochemical structure of emollients, cleansers and barrier creams, and aims to help physicians to exploit the full potential of available products, by providing a detailed but practical guide on characteristics, indications and correct use of non-pharmacological treatments currently available for eczematous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Guarneri
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy -
| | - Anna Belloni Fortina
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Corazza
- Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Foti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Aurora Parodi
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Pigatto
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Surgical and Odontoiatric Biomedical Sciences, Galeazzi IRCCS Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Stingeni
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ornella DE Pità
- Unit of Clinical Pathology, Inflammatory and Autoimmune Skin Diseases, Cristo Re Hospital, Rome, Italy
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6
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New and Upcoming Topical Treatments for Atopic Dermatitis: A Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11174974. [PMID: 36078904 PMCID: PMC9456375 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11174974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis with periods of exacerbation and remissions. AD is characterized by intense, persistent pruritus and heterogeneity in clinical symptomatology and severity. Therapeutic goals include the amelioration of cutaneous eruptions, diminishing relapses and eventually the disease burden. To date, topical corticosteroids (TCS) and calcineurin inhibitors (TCI) have yet been deemed the mainstay of topical treatments in AD management. Nevertheless, despite their indisputable efficiency, TCS and TCI are not indicated for continuous long-term use given their safety profile. While research in AD has concentrated predominantly on systemic therapies, more than 30 novel topical compounds are under development. The existing data appear encouraging, with some regimens that are already FDA-approved (ruxolitinib was the most recent in September 2021) and several pharmaceutical pipeline products for mild-to-moderate AD that are in an advanced stage of development, such as tapinarof, difamilast and roflumilast. Larger, long-term studies are still required to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these novel compounds in the long run and weigh their advantages over present treatments. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the latest knowledge about AD topical treatments, echoing upcoming research trends.
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7
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Recent insights into the management of treatment-resistant pediatric atopic dermatitis. Int J Womens Dermatol 2022; 8:e023. [PMID: 35647254 PMCID: PMC9132517 DOI: 10.1097/jw9.0000000000000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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8
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Salimian J, Salehi Z, Ahmadi A, Emamvirdizadeh A, Davoudi SM, Karimi M, Korani M, Azimzadeh Jamalkandi S. Atopic dermatitis: molecular, cellular, and clinical aspects. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3333-3348. [PMID: 34989960 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complicated, inflammatory skin disease, which numerous genetic and environmental factors play roles in its development. AD is categorized into different phenotypes and stages, although they are mostly similar in their pathophysiological aspects. Immune response alterations and structural distortions of the skin-barrier layer are evident in AD patients. Genetic makeup, lifestyle, and environment are also significantly involved in contextual factors. Genes involved in AD-susceptibility, including filaggrin and natural moisturizing, cause considerable structural modifications in the skin's lipid bilayer and cornified envelope. Additionally, the skin's decreased integrity and altered structure are accompanied by biochemical changes in the normal skin microflora's dysbiosis. The dynamic immunological responses, genetic susceptibilities, and structural modifications associated with AD's pathophysiology will be extensively discussed in this review, each according to the latest achievements and findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Salimian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salehi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Emamvirdizadeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Bio Sciences, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Masoud Davoudi
- Department of Dermatology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Karimi
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Korani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Mijaljica D, Spada F, Harrison IP. Skin Cleansing without or with Compromise: Soaps and Syndets. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27062010. [PMID: 35335373 PMCID: PMC8954092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27062010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Products designed to cleanse the skin commonly do so through surfactant action, which leads to the lowering of the surface tension of the skin to facilitate the removal of dirt from its surface. Skin cleansers generally come in one of two types: soap-based and synthetic detergents, or syndets. While the latter can effectively maintain the native skin structure, function and integrity, the former tends to negatively affect the skin by causing barrier disruption, lipid dissolution and pH alteration. Despite this, soap is still often preferred, possibly due to the negative connotations around anything that is not perceived as 'natural'. It is, therefore, important that the science behind cleansers, especially those designed for the maintenance of healthy skin and the management of common skin conditions such as eczema, be understood by both formulators and end-users. Here, we carefully weigh the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of surfactant-the key ingredient(s) in skin cleansers-and provide insight into surfactants' physicochemical properties, biological activity and potential effects. Fine-tuning of the complex characteristics of surfactants can successfully lead to an 'optimal' skin cleanser that can simultaneously be milder in nature, highly effective and beneficial, and offer minimal skin interference and environmental impact.
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10
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Willems A, Tapley A, Fielding A, Tng ETV, Holliday EG, van Driel ML, Ball JI, Davey AR, Patsan I, FitzGerald K, Spike NA, Magin PJ. Prevalence and Associations of General Practice Registrars' Management of Atopic Dermatitis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training Study. Dermatol Pract Concept 2021; 11:e2021128. [PMID: 34631271 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1104a128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory condition which imposes substantial burden upon patients and their families. As a frequent primary care presentation, general practice (GP) trainees must develop adequate skills in AD diagnosis and management. Objectives We aimed to explore the prevalence and associations of GP registrars' management of patients with AD. Methods This study used data from the Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training (ReCEnT) project, an ongoing cohort study of the clinical and educational experience of Australian GP registrars. Registrar, patient, and consultation factors were independent variables in multivariable logistic regression with outcome factor 'diagnosis/problem being AD'. Results From 2010-2019, 2,783 registrars (96% response rate) provided data from 381,180 consultations. AD was encountered in 0.6% of consults. AD was more likely to be seen in patients aged 0-1 years and patients from a non-English speaking background. AD was less likely to be seen in Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander patients. Learning goals were more likely to be generated for AD and these consultations were associated with registrars seeking information or assistance. AD was strongly associated with a medication being prescribed, of which the most prescribed medications were mild or moderate potency topical corticosteroids. Conclusions Our findings suggest that, similar to other dermatological presentations, registrars find AD challenging to manage. There may be some gaps in AD management knowledge and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneliese Willems
- Eastern Victoria General Practice Training, Regional Training Organisation, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Berkeley Street, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda Tapley
- University of Newcastle, School of Medicine and Public Health, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,GP Synergy, Regional Training Organisation, NSW & ACT Research and Evaluation Unit, 20 Mclntosh Drive, Mayfield West, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison Fielding
- University of Newcastle, School of Medicine and Public Health, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,GP Synergy, Regional Training Organisation, NSW & ACT Research and Evaluation Unit, 20 Mclntosh Drive, Mayfield West, NSW, Australia
| | - Er Tsing Vivian Tng
- Department of Dermatology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Holliday
- University of Newcastle, School of Medicine and Public Health, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Mieke L van Driel
- The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, Primary Care Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Level 8 Health Sciences Building, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jean I Ball
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Clinical Research Design, IT and Statistical Support Unit (CReDITSS), New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew R Davey
- University of Newcastle, School of Medicine and Public Health, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,GP Synergy, Regional Training Organisation, NSW & ACT Research and Evaluation Unit, 20 Mclntosh Drive, Mayfield West, NSW, Australia
| | - Irena Patsan
- University of Newcastle, School of Medicine and Public Health, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,GP Synergy, Regional Training Organisation, NSW & ACT Research and Evaluation Unit, 20 Mclntosh Drive, Mayfield West, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristen FitzGerald
- University of Tasmania Tasmanian School of Medicine, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,General Practice Training Tasmania, Regional Training Organisation, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Neil A Spike
- Eastern Victoria General Practice Training, Regional Training Organisation, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Berkeley Street, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Parker J Magin
- University of Newcastle, School of Medicine and Public Health, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,GP Synergy, Regional Training Organisation, NSW & ACT Research and Evaluation Unit, 20 Mclntosh Drive, Mayfield West, NSW, Australia
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11
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Luger T, Amagai M, Dreno B, Dagnelie MA, Liao W, Kabashima K, Schikowski T, Proksch E, Elias PM, Simon M, Simpson E, Grinich E, Schmuth M. Atopic dermatitis: Role of the skin barrier, environment, microbiome, and therapeutic agents. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 102:142-157. [PMID: 34116898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disorder characterized by eczematous and pruritic skin lesions. In recent decades, the prevalence of AD has increased worldwide, most notably in developing countries. The enormous progress in our understanding of the complex composition and functions of the epidermal barrier allows for a deeper appreciation of the active role that the skin barrier plays in the initiation and maintenance of skin inflammation. The epidermis forms a physical, chemical, immunological, neuro-sensory, and microbial barrier between the internal and external environment. Not only lesional, but also non-lesional areas of AD skin display many morphological, biochemical and functional differences compared with healthy skin. Supporting this notion, genetic defects affecting structural proteins of the skin barrier, including filaggrin, contribute to an increased risk of AD. There is evidence to suggest that natural environmental allergens and man-made pollutants are associated with an increased likelihood of developing AD. A compromised epidermal barrier predisposes the skin to increased permeability of these compounds. Numerous topical and systemic therapies for AD are currently available or in development; while anti-inflammatory therapy is central to the treatment of AD, some existing and novel therapies also appear to exert beneficial effects on skin barrier function. Further research on the skin barrier, particularly addressing epidermal differentiation and inflammation, lipid metabolism, and the role of bacterial communities for skin barrier function, will likely expand our understanding of the complex etiology of AD and lead to identification of novel targets and the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Luger
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Brigitte Dreno
- Dermatology Department, Nantes University, CHU Nantes, CIC 1413, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Ange Dagnelie
- Dermatology Department, Nantes University, CHU Nantes, CIC 1413, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Wilson Liao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Peter M Elias
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michel Simon
- UDEAR, Inserm, University of Toulouse, U1056, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Simpson
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Erin Grinich
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Matthias Schmuth
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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12
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Sangha AM. Dermatological Conditions in SKIN OF COLOR-: Managing Atopic Dermatitis. THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2021; 14:S20-S22. [PMID: 34188741 PMCID: PMC8211323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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13
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França K. Topical Probiotics in Dermatological Therapy and Skincare: A Concise Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2020; 11:71-77. [PMID: 33340341 PMCID: PMC7859136 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-020-00476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have produced an increasing body of evidence that the intestinal microbiome plays an essential role in modulating systemic inflammation and skin diseases. The gut microbiome influences and modulates the host immune system, enabling immune tolerance of environmental and dietary antigens and protecting against pathogens. Emerging scientific evidence has demonstrated that oral probiotics can help treat certain skin diseases, such as acne, atopic dermatitis, photoaging, psoriasis, and wound healing. The aim of this paper is to review the current scientific evidence on topical probiotics and their effects on dermatological diseases and skincare and to clarify if the application of exogenous probiotics could also have the same benefit as oral probiotics in promoting positive bacterial balance to treat dermatologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlein França
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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14
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Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) Extracts Containing Carnosic Acid and Carnosol are Potent Quorum Sensing Inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus Virulence. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9040149. [PMID: 32244277 PMCID: PMC7235817 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen and a common cause of skin infection. S. aureus also plays a role in the pathogenesis of the chronic inflammatory skin disease, atopic dermatitis. S. aureus virulence involves activation of the quorum sensing agr operon. In this paper, we show that the diterpene carnosic acid, present in R. officinalis L. (rosemary) leaves, is a specific inhibitor of S. aureus agr expression as low as 5 μM. Carnosol and rosmarinic acid are two other phytochemicals present in rosemary leaves. Carnosol, but not rosmarinic acid, is also a potent agr expression inhibitor. Natural rosemary extracts containing carnosic acid and carnosol inhibit S. aureus agr expression, both in luciferase reporter strains and in wild type strains isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis. Specific inhibition of S. aureus virulence using topical formulations of rosemary extract may offer a practical approach to preventing and treating flares of atopic dermatitis.
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Nowicki RJ, Trzeciak M, Kaczmarski M, Wilkowska A, Czarnecka-Operacz M, Kowalewski C, Rudnicka L, Kulus M, Mastalerz-Migas A, Peregud-Pogorzelski J, Sokołowska-Wojdyło M, Śpiewak R, Adamski Z, Czuwara J, Kapińska-Mrowiecka M, Kaszuba A, Krasowska D, Krêcisz B, Narbutt J, Majewski S, Reich A, Samochocki Z, Szepietowski J, Woźniak K. Atopic dermatitis. Interdisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations of the Polish Dermatological Society, Polish Society of Allergology, Polish Pediatric Society and Polish Society of Family Medicine. Part I. Prophylaxis, topical treatment and phototherapy. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020; 37:1-10. [PMID: 32467676 PMCID: PMC7247067 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.93423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory dermatosis with concomitant intensive pruritus, and is diagnosed both in children and adults. Atopic dermatitis-patients are predisposed to have bacterial, viral and fungal skin infections; they also suffer from an increased risk of developing food allergies (especially, at an infantile age), allergic rhinitis, or bronchial asthma (a so-called atopic march). Currently, an increasing atopic dermatitis incidence constitutes a serious medical problem that regards not only dermatology and allergology, but also paediatrics, and family medicine. The basis for atopic dermatitis treatment and prophylaxis is restoration of epidermal barrier functions by means of tailored emollients. Atopic dermatitis therapies should effectively eliminate clinical symptoms of the disease, prevent exacerbations as well as complications, and improve patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman J. Nowicki
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Trzeciak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Kaczmarski
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Gastroenterology and Allergology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wilkowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Cezary Kowalewski
- Department of Dermatology and Immunodermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Kulus
- Department of Paediatric Pneumonology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Radosław Śpiewak
- Department of Experimental Dermatology and Cosmetology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zygmunt Adamski
- Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Czuwara
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Kaszuba
- Department of Dermatology, Paediatric and Oncological Dermatology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dorota Krasowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Paediatric Dermatology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Krêcisz
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Joanna Narbutt
- Department of Dermatology, Paediatric and Oncological Dermatology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sławomir Majewski
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Reich
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Woźniak
- Department of Dermatology and Immunodermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Mei-Hsia Chan M, Tan LS, Leow YH, Goon ATJ, Goh CL. Comparison of Irritancy Potential of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate-free Aqueous Cream to Other Moisturizers: An Intraindividual Skin Occlusive Study. THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2019; 12:52-58. [PMID: 31531162 PMCID: PMC6715333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: We compared the irritancy potential of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)-free aqueous cream to SLS-containing aqueous cream and other moisturizers. Design: This was a double-blind, intraindividual occlusive study. SLS-containing aqueous cream; SLS-free aqueous cream; white soft paraffin; urea cream; Physiogel® (Stiefel Laboratories, Brentford, United Kingdom); QV cream (Ego Pharmaceuticals Pty. Ltd., Braeside, Australia); Cetaphil RestoraDerm® (Galderma Laboratories, Fort Worth, Texas); Ceradan® (Hyphens Pharma International Ltd., Singapore); normal saline; and SLS 1% aqueous were applied with Finn chamber occlusion to different sites on each participant's back for 72 hours. Skin assessments were carried out on Day 0 preapplication and Day 3 and Day 7 postapplication. Participants: Twelve healthy adult volunteers were included in this study. Measurements: Study subjects were clinically evaluated by an experienced dermatologist using a four-point severity scale to assess the severity of erythema, dryness, desquamation, stinging or burning, and pruritus. Corneometer® and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) readings were taken to assess skin hydration and skin barrier integrity, respectively. All measurements were performed on Days 0, 3, and 7. Results: Application of the SLS-free aqueous cream resulted in no significant changes in TEWL or Corneometer® readings throughout the study period. The SLS-containing aqueous cream resulted in a significant increase in TEWL from Day 0 to Days 3 and 7. All test moisturizer creams showed no significant changes in their clinical assessment scores. Conclusion: The results of our study indicate that SLS-free aqueous cream has a lower irritancy potential than SLS-containing aqueous cream, with the same level of maintenance of skin barrier integrity and hydration. SLS-free aqueous cream also appears to be less irritating to the skin than other non-SLS generic and commercial moisturizers tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Mei-Hsia Chan
- Dr. Chan is with the Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore
- Drs. Tan, Leow, Goon, and Goh are with the Department of Dermatology at the National Skin Centre in Singapore
| | - Lucinda Siyun Tan
- Dr. Chan is with the Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore
- Drs. Tan, Leow, Goon, and Goh are with the Department of Dermatology at the National Skin Centre in Singapore
| | - Yung-Hian Leow
- Dr. Chan is with the Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore
- Drs. Tan, Leow, Goon, and Goh are with the Department of Dermatology at the National Skin Centre in Singapore
| | - Anthony Teik-Jin Goon
- Dr. Chan is with the Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore
- Drs. Tan, Leow, Goon, and Goh are with the Department of Dermatology at the National Skin Centre in Singapore
| | - Chee Leok Goh
- Dr. Chan is with the Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore
- Drs. Tan, Leow, Goon, and Goh are with the Department of Dermatology at the National Skin Centre in Singapore
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Tolerability and Efficacy of a Medical Device Repairing Emollient Cream in Children and Adults with Mild to Moderate Atopic Dermatitis. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2019; 9:309-319. [PMID: 30968310 PMCID: PMC6522571 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-019-0295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Regular emollient application is recommended for managing atopic dermatitis (AD). Although many emollients are available, only AD-tested medical device repairing emollient creams (MDRECs) can be recommended for treating and preventing AD skin lesions. Here, we evaluated the tolerability and benefit of a new MDREC in an open-label study in infants, young children, and adults with mild to moderate AD. Methods Subjects (or their parents or guardians) were instructed to apply the MDREC to AD lesions or areas of dry skin twice daily for 3 weeks. Investigators assessed tolerability and AD severity at days 1, 8, and 22. Subjects assessed AD severity weekly, recorded any adverse events, and reported their satisfaction with the MDREC at day 22. Results Sixty-one subjects (19 infants, 22 children, and 20 adults) were included and 59 completed the study. At inclusion, 49% of the infants and young children and 15% of the adults were experiencing flares of AD. At day 22, the local tolerability of the MDREC was judged by the investigators as excellent in all the children and in 18 of the 20 adult subjects (90%). All adverse events were mild and transient. Investigator- and subject-assessed AD severity progressively decreased at each assessment for each age subgroup. Conclusion This study shows that the MDREC was well tolerated when applied to AD skin lesions in infants, young children, and adults and suggests this product can be used daily to control the signs and symptoms of AD. Funding Laboratoires Dermatologiques Ducray, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique.
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Pancreatic Enzyme Supplementation in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis and Food Allergies: An Open-Label Pilot Study. Paediatr Drugs 2019; 21:41-45. [PMID: 30556101 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-018-0321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects both patients and their families. Current therapies often alleviate symptoms but do not prevent or eradicate the disease. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to determine whether pancreatic enzyme supplementation is an effective and safe treatment in refractory pediatric AD associated with food allergies. METHODS We conducted an open-label pilot study using a case-control design. Patients with severe AD and known food allergies refractory to conventional therapies and exclusion diets were recruited and treated for 6 weeks with oral supplementation of pancreatic enzymes. The primary endpoint was the severity of AD, using the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index. Secondary measures included markers of intestinal permeability (urinary sucrose and lactulose/mannitol excretion). RESULTS A total of 11 patients met all eligibility criteria and completed the trial. Significant improvement in AD was observed after 6 weeks of pancreatic enzyme supplementation (SCORAD index 52.3 ± 5.5 vs. 34.6 ± 7.6; p = 0.0008). Beneficial effect was observed in 9 of 11 patients, without adverse events. Fractional urinary sucrose excretion improved to a level comparable to that of age-matched controls (p < 0.05). However, urinary lactulose:mannitol ratios remained abnormally high compared with those of controls (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Pancreatic enzyme supplementation was associated with improved AD and gastroduodenal permeability. Additional randomized placebo-controlled studies are required before this treatment can be recommended in this clinical setting.
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Simon D, Nobbe S, Nägeli M, Barysch M, Kunz M, Borelli S, Hasan-Ali O, Wildi E, Gasser UE. Short- and long-term effects of two emollients on itching and skin restoration in xerotic eczema. Dermatol Ther 2018; 31:e12692. [PMID: 30246910 DOI: 10.1111/dth.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Pruritus is associated with various skin diseases, dry skin, and with it an impaired skin barrier function. The study objective was to investigate short-term and long-term effects of two emollients on symptoms and skin barrier functions in xerotic eczema. Randomized, double-blind, study enrolling females/males, with bilateral itching. Two emollients, containing lactic acid and refined almond oil with/without polidocanol were administered on left versus right body sides. Itching severity, skin moisture, lipid content, and pH were assessed on Day 1, within 30-120 min after first administration, and on Days 7 and 14, and compared with baseline assessments. Severity of itching decreased 30 min after first administration of both emollients compared with baseline (p < .0001) and reached a maximum reduction of 63% (p < .0001) and 69% (p < .0001) on Day 14. Skin moisture and lipid content increased after first application, and further ameliorated within 14 days of treatment (p < .0001). Both emollients were tolerated well, and only a few adverse events were reported. This study confirmed the clinical efficacy of the two study emollients to substantially reduce itching already after first administration, and restore skin barrier integrity and thus should be considered as therapeutic approach for xerotic eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Nobbe
- Dermatologisches Ambulatorium, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Nägeli
- Dermatologisches Ambulatorium, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - Marjam Barysch
- Dermatologisches Ambulatorium, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kunz
- Dermatologisches Ambulatorium, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - Siegfried Borelli
- Dermatologisches Ambulatorium, Stadtspital Triemli, Zürich, Switzerland
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Thouvenin M, Bacquey A, Nocera T, Rossi AB. Tolerability and efficacy of a medical device repairing emollient cream in adults with chronic hand dermatitis. J Cosmet Dermatol 2018; 17:1158-1164. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie‐Dominique Thouvenin
- Clinical Skin Research and Development Center, Hôtel Dieu Pierre Fabre Dermo‐Cosmétique Toulouse France
| | - Adeline Bacquey
- Clinical Skin Research and Development Center, Hôtel Dieu Pierre Fabre Dermo‐Cosmétique Toulouse France
| | - Thérèse Nocera
- Clinical Skin Research and Development Center, Hôtel Dieu Pierre Fabre Dermo‐Cosmétique Toulouse France
- Dermatology Department Larrey University Hospital Toulouse France
| | - Ana Beatris Rossi
- Clinical Skin Research and Development Center, Hôtel Dieu Pierre Fabre Dermo‐Cosmétique Toulouse France
- Dermatology Department Larrey University Hospital Toulouse France
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Fan HJ, Xie ZP, Lu ZW, Tan ZB, Bi YM, Xie LP, Wu YT, Zhang WT, Liu-Kot K, Liu B, Zhou YC. Anti-inflammatory and immune response regulation of Si-Ni-San in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin dysfunction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 222:1-10. [PMID: 29698775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Si-Ni-San (SNS) is a well-known decoction in traditional Chinese medicine. Although studies have indicated that the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of SNS and its components can account for their therapeutic effects, the role and mechanism of SNS in treating skin dysfunction remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY Atopic dermatitis (AD), a disorder known for its prevalence in infants and adults, severely influences the quality of life of affected patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and immune response modulations of SNS in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like skin dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dermatitis was induced in Kunming mice by the topical application of DNCB. SNS or dexamethasone (positive control) was topically applied every day over the course of the 21-day study. The following were assessed: dermatitis severity scores; ear and dorsal skin haematoxylin and eosin staining; interleukin (IL)- 1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α cytokine levels in the serum; spleen index; spleen CD4 + /CD8 + T lymphocyte ratio; and phosphorylation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs- p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)), IκB-α, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB (p65) in skin lesions. RESULTS SNS significantly alleviated the symptoms of AD-like lesions induced by DNCB, decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the ear and dorsal tissues, suppressed the increased cytokine levels in the serum, reduced the CD4 + /CD8 +T lymphocyte ratio in the spleen, and downregulated the activation of MAPKs, IκB-α, and NF-κB (p65) in the dorsal skin. The effects were similar to those of dexamethasone. CONCLUSIONS SNS alleviated the DNCB-induced AD-like skin dysfunction in mice through anti-inflammatory and immune system modulation, indicating that SNS shows potential for AD treatment in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jie Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Ze-Ping Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Zi-Wen Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Zhang-Bin Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Yi-Ming Bi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Ling-Peng Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Yu-Ting Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Wen-Tong Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Kevin Liu-Kot
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China.
| | - Ying-Chun Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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Pigatto PD, Diani M. Beneficial Effects of Antioxidant Furfuryl Palmitate in Non-pharmacologic Treatments (Prescription Emollient Devices, PEDs) for Atopic Dermatitis and Related Skin Disorders. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2018; 8:339-347. [PMID: 29790104 PMCID: PMC6109026 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-018-0239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease; it requires long-term treatments focused on symptomatic relief. Current first-line treatments include moisturizers and topical corticosteroids. Recently, topical antioxidants have been added to moisturizer formulations to alleviate mild-to-moderate AD. The aim of this review was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of furfuryl palmitate, a new antioxidant molecule, and furfuryl derivatives. Methods A PubMed/Google Scholar search was conducted using the term “furfuryl palmitate” (and its derivatives, including AR-GG27®) combined with “skin,” “atopic dermatitis,” and “atopic eczema.” Existing trials including adult and pediatric patients with AD and related skin disorders were evaluated. The treatment indication(s), number of subjects, treatment protocols, results, and side effects were recorded. Results Effective treatments with furfuryl palmitate and furfuryl derivatives have been reported for the following conditions: atopic, seborrheic, irritative, and allergic contact dermatitis, eczema, xerosis, and cutaneous inflammatory pathologies. All the products tested showed a good tolerability profile. Conclusion Studies performed up to now showed that furfuryl derivatives can efficaciously contrast signs and symptoms of mild-to-moderate AD, erythema, and widespread diffuse cutaneous pathologies in both adult and pediatric patients, representing a real alternative to steroids and a valid aid in the treatment of skin disorders, with no side effects and without requiring precautions in use. Funding Relife S.r.l. - Menarini Group. Plain Language Summary Plain language summary available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Daniele Pigatto
- Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche, chirurgiche e odontoiatriche, Clinica Dermatologica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Diani
- Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche, chirurgiche e odontoiatriche, Clinica Dermatologica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Ma L, Li P, Tang J, Guo Y, Shen C, Chang J, Kerrouche N. Prolonging Time to Flare in Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized, Investigator-Blinded, Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Study of a Ceramide-Containing Moisturizer. Adv Ther 2017; 34:2601-2611. [PMID: 29143926 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-017-0640-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Delaying or preventing flares is important in atopic dermatitis (AD) management. The objective of the study was to evaluate whether using a ceramide-containing moisturizer in addition to a body wash during latent AD can delay flares. METHODS This was a randomized, investigator-blinded, parallel-group, controlled study among Chinese children with a history of mild to moderate AD, within 1 week of successful treatment with a topical corticosteroid. Subjects were randomized to receive moisturizer twice daily and body wash once daily, or body wash alone once daily for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was time to flare [necessitating medical therapy and/or Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) > 1 (at least mild AD)]. Other efficacy endpoints were AD characteristics and emollient effects. The patient-reported outcome comprised satisfaction at week 12. The safety endpoint was incidence of undesirable events. RESULTS A total of 64 subjects aged 2-12 years were randomized. Median time to flare was delayed by nearly 2 months for moisturizer/body wash compared to body wash alone (89 vs. 27 days, respectively). A significantly earlier onset of action in terms of fewer flares favoring moisturizer was found at week 4 (31 vs. 59%, respectively, p = 0.022), and after 12 weeks, fewer flares occurred (50 vs. 72%). At week 12 for flare-free subjects, nearly half in both groups had clear IGA, and an emollient effect in terms of less dryness or burning was more marked for moisturizer/body wash. Both products led to high patient satisfaction and were well tolerated. CONCLUSION A regimen incorporating a moisturizer plus body wash delayed AD flares by nearly 2 months compared to body wash alone, and yielded high patient satisfaction. FUNDING Galderma R&D. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02589392.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianping Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan, China
| | - Yifeng Guo
- Department of Dermatology, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunping Shen
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan, China
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DFD-01 Reduces Transepidermal Water Loss and Improves Skin Hydration and Flexibility. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2017; 7:507-514. [PMID: 29134613 PMCID: PMC5698208 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-017-0209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In plaque psoriasis, the benefit of topical steroids is well established. The vehicle formulation of topical steroids may also provide benefit in addition to the effects of the steroid itself. DFD-01 (betamethasone dipropionate spray, 0.05%) is a formulation composed of a topical steroid in an emollient-like vehicle that enhances penetration to the target site of inflammation in the skin. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of DFD-01 and its vehicle on skin hydration and barrier function in compromised skin and to evaluate its effect on flexibility in healthy skin. Methods Eighteen healthy white volunteers were enrolled in each of two studies. In Study 1, dry shaving of volar forearms created a compromised skin barrier, through which transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured using an evaporimeter. Capacitance, a measure of epidermal hydration, was also measured at baseline and at 1, 2 and 4 h after application of DFD-01 or its vehicle formulation. In Study 2, intact skin flexibility was tested with a cutometer before and at 1, 2 and 4 h after application of DFD-01 or vehicle. Results In Study 1, both DFD-01 and its vehicle were effective at reducing TEWL through the compromised stratum corneum. Capacitance measurements confirmed this finding; razor-chafed skin treated with either DFD-01 or vehicle exhibited levels of skin hydration similar to unshaved control skin. Study 2 found softening and greater flexibility of normal skin treated with either DFD-01 or vehicle compared with nontreated control skin samples. Conclusions These tests suggest that the DFD-01 formulation and its vehicle are each effective at retaining moisture within a damaged skin barrier and for softening and increasing the flexibility of intact skin. Funding Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories.
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25
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van Zuuren EJ, Fedorowicz Z, Arents BWM. Performance and Tolerability of the Moisturizers Cetaphil ® and Excipial ® in Atopic Dermatitis: What is the Evidence Based on Randomized Trials? Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2017; 7:331-347. [PMID: 28600606 PMCID: PMC5574736 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-017-0184-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Moisturizers play a prominent role in the management of atopic dermatitis by improving the impaired skin barrier function and enhancing skin hydration. Their efficacy was evaluated in a recently published Cochrane Review ‘Emollients and moisturizers for eczema’. Objective In the present review, we summarize the performance and safety of Cetaphil® and Excipial® moisturizing products. Methods This review was carried out in compliance with standard Cochrane methodological procedures, which means independent study selection, data extraction, assessment of risk of bias, and analyses by two review authors. The quality of evidence for the predefined outcomes was rated with the GRADE approach. The prespecified outcomes of the review included participant assessments, satisfaction, adverse events, investigator assessments, prevention of flares, change in use of topical active treatment, skin barrier function and quality of life. Results Four randomized controlled studies examining these moisturizers were included in the previously published Cochrane Review. For the performance and tolerability of these moisturizers, there was very low to moderate quality evidence for the prespecified outcomes. Conclusion The results from these four studies are in line with those of the Cochrane Review that moisturizers themselves have beneficial effects, and that combining moisturizers with active topical treatment produced better results when compared to active topical treatment alone. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13555-017-0184-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther J van Zuuren
- Dermatology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Bernd W M Arents
- Dutch Association for People with Atopic Dermatitis (VMCE: Vereniging voor Mensen met Constitutioneel Eczeem), Nijkerk, The Netherlands
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Exploring preclinical and clinical effectiveness of nanoformulations in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: Safety aspects and patent reviews. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bfopcu.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wong ITY, Tsuyuki RT, Cresswell-Melville A, Doiron P, Drucker AM. Guidelines for the management of atopic dermatitis (eczema) for pharmacists. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2017; 150:285-297. [PMID: 28894498 DOI: 10.1177/1715163517710958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian T Y Wong
- Faculty of Medicine (Wong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; the EPICORE Centre (Tsuyuki), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; the Eczema Society of Canada (Cresswell-Melville), Keswick, Ontario; Department of Dermatology (Doiron), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; the Department of Dermatology (Drucker), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ross T Tsuyuki
- Faculty of Medicine (Wong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; the EPICORE Centre (Tsuyuki), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; the Eczema Society of Canada (Cresswell-Melville), Keswick, Ontario; Department of Dermatology (Doiron), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; the Department of Dermatology (Drucker), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Amanda Cresswell-Melville
- Faculty of Medicine (Wong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; the EPICORE Centre (Tsuyuki), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; the Eczema Society of Canada (Cresswell-Melville), Keswick, Ontario; Department of Dermatology (Doiron), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; the Department of Dermatology (Drucker), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Philip Doiron
- Faculty of Medicine (Wong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; the EPICORE Centre (Tsuyuki), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; the Eczema Society of Canada (Cresswell-Melville), Keswick, Ontario; Department of Dermatology (Doiron), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; the Department of Dermatology (Drucker), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Aaron M Drucker
- Faculty of Medicine (Wong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; the EPICORE Centre (Tsuyuki), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; the Eczema Society of Canada (Cresswell-Melville), Keswick, Ontario; Department of Dermatology (Doiron), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; the Department of Dermatology (Drucker), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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van Zuuren EJ, Fedorowicz Z, Christensen R, Lavrijsen A, Arents BWM. Emollients and moisturisers for eczema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 2:CD012119. [PMID: 28166390 PMCID: PMC6464068 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012119.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eczema is a chronic skin disease characterised by dry skin, intense itching, inflammatory skin lesions, and a considerable impact on quality of life. Moisturisation is an integral part of treatment, but it is unclear if moisturisers are effective. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of moisturisers for eczema. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following databases to December 2015: Cochrane Skin Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, the GREAT database. We searched five trials registers and checked references of included and excluded studies for further relevant trials. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials in people with eczema. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methodological procedures. MAIN RESULTS We included 77 studies (6603 participants, mean age: 18.6 years, mean duration: 6.7 weeks). We assessed 36 studies as at a high risk of bias, 34 at unclear risk, and seven at low risk. Twenty-four studies assessed our primary outcome 'participant-assessed disease severity', 13 assessed 'satisfaction', and 41 assessed 'adverse events'. Secondary outcomes included investigator-assessed disease severity (addressed in 65 studies), skin barrier function (29), flare prevention (16), quality of life (10), and corticosteroid use (eight). Adverse events reporting was limited (smarting, stinging, pruritus, erythema, folliculitis).Six studies evaluated moisturiser versus no moisturiser. 'Participant-assessed disease severity' and 'satisfaction' were not assessed. Moisturiser use yielded lower SCORAD than no moisturiser (three studies, 276 participants, mean difference (MD) -2.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) -4.55 to -0.28), but the minimal important difference (MID) (8.7) was unmet. There were fewer flares with moisturisers (two studies, 87 participants, RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.70), time to flare was prolonged (median: 180 versus 30 days), and less topical corticosteroids were needed (two studies, 222 participants, MD -9.30 g, 95% CI -15.3 to -3.27). There was no statistically significant difference in adverse events (one study, 173 participants, risk ratio (RR) 15.34, 95% CI 0.90 to 261.64). Evidence for these outcomes was low quality.With Atopiclair (three studies), 174/232 participants experienced improvement in participant-assessed disease severity versus 27/158 allocated to vehicle (RR 4.51, 95% CI 2.19 to 9.29). Atopiclair decreased itching (four studies, 396 participants, MD -2.65, 95% CI -4.21 to -1.09) and achieved more frequent satisfaction (two studies, 248 participants, RR 2.14, 95% CI 1.58 to 2.89), fewer flares (three studies, 397 participants, RR 0.18, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.31), and lower EASI (four studies, 426 participants, MD -4.0, 95% CI -5.42 to -2.57), but MID (6.6) was unmet. The number of participants reporting adverse events was not statistically different (four studies, 430 participants, RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.33). Evidence for these outcomes was moderate quality.Participants reported skin improvement more frequently with urea-containing cream than placebo (one study, 129 participants, RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.53; low-quality evidence), with equal satisfaction between the two groups (one study, 38 participants, low-quality evidence). Urea-containing cream improved dryness (investigator-assessed) more frequently (one study, 128 participants, RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.71; moderate-quality evidence) with fewer flares (one study, 44 participants, RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.92; low-quality evidence), but more participants in this group reported adverse events (one study, 129 participants, RR 1.65, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.34; moderate-quality evidence).Three studies assessed glycerol-containing moisturiser versus vehicle or placebo. More participants in the glycerol group noticed skin improvement (one study, 134 participants, RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.48; moderate-quality evidence), and this group saw improved investigator-assessed SCORAD (one study, 249 participants, MD -2.20, 95% CI -3.44 to -0.96; high-quality evidence), but MID was unmet. Participant satisfaction was not addressed. The number of participants reporting adverse events was not statistically significant (two studies, 385 participants, RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.19; moderate-quality evidence).Four studies investigated oat-containing moisturisers versus no treatment or vehicle. No significant differences between groups were reported for participant-assessed disease severity (one study, 50 participants, RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.46; low-quality evidence), satisfaction (one study, 50 participants, RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.52; very low-quality evidence), and investigator-assessed disease severity (three studies, 272 participants, standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.23, 95% CI -0.66 to 0.21; low-quality evidence). In the oat group, there were fewer flares (one study, 43 participants, RR 0.31, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.7; low-quality evidence) and less topical corticosteroids needed (two studies, 222 participants, MD -9.30g, 95% CI 15.3 to -3.27; low-quality evidence), but more adverse events were reported (one study, 173 participants; Peto odds ratio (OR) 7.26, 95% CI 1.76 to 29.92; low-quality evidence).All moisturisers above were compared to placebo, vehicle, or no moisturiser. Participants considered moisturisers more effective in reducing eczema (five studies, 572 participants, RR 2.46, 95% CI 1.16 to 5.23; low-quality evidence) and itch (seven studies, 749 participants, SMD -1.10, 95% CI -1.83 to -0.38) than control. Participants in both treatment arms reported comparable satisfaction (three studies, 296 participants, RR 1.35, 95% CI 0.77 to 2.26; low-quality evidence). Moisturisers led to lower investigator-assessed disease severity (12 studies, 1281 participants, SMD -1.04, 95% CI -1.57 to -0.51; high-quality evidence) and fewer flares (six studies, 607 participants, RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.62; moderate-quality evidence), but there was no difference in adverse events (10 studies, 1275 participants, RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.30; moderate-quality evidence).Topical active treatment combined with moisturiser was more effective than active treatment alone in reducing investigator-assessed disease severity (three studies, 192 participants, SMD -0.87, 95% CI -1.17 to -0.57; moderate-quality evidence) and flares (one study, 105 participants, RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.93), and was preferred by participants (both low-quality evidence). There was no statistically significant difference in number of adverse events (one study, 125 participants, RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.19; very low-quality evidence). Participant-assessed disease severity was not addressed. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Most moisturisers showed some beneficial effects, producing better results when used with active treatment, prolonging time to flare, and reducing the number of flares and amount of topical corticosteroids needed to achieve similar reductions in eczema severity. We did not find reliable evidence that one moisturiser is better than another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther J van Zuuren
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, B1-Q, Leiden, Netherlands, 2300 RC
| | | | - Robin Christensen
- Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg og Frederiksberg, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Copenhagen, Denmark, DK-2000
| | - Adriana Lavrijsen
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, B1-Q, Leiden, Netherlands, 2300 RC
| | - Bernd WM Arents
- Dutch Association for People with Atopic Dermatitis (VMCE: Vereniging voor Mensen met Constitutioneel Eczeem), PO Box 26, Nijkerk, Netherlands, NL-3860AA
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Galli E, Neri I, Ricci G, Baldo E, Barone M, Belloni Fortina A, Bernardini R, Berti I, Caffarelli C, Calamelli E, Capra L, Carello R, Cipriani F, Comberiati P, Diociaiuti A, El Hachem M, Fontana E, Gruber M, Haddock E, Maiello N, Meglio P, Patrizi A, Peroni D, Scarponi D, Wielander I, Eichenfield LF. Consensus Conference on Clinical Management of pediatric Atopic Dermatitis. Ital J Pediatr 2016; 42:26. [PMID: 26936273 PMCID: PMC4776387 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-016-0229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Italian Consensus Conference on clinical management of atopic dermatitis in children reflects the best and most recent scientific evidence, with the aim to provide specialists with a useful tool for managing this common, but complex clinical condition. Thanks to the contribution of experts in the field and members of the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology (SIAIP) and the Italian Society of Pediatric Dermatology (SIDerP), this Consensus statement integrates the basic principles of the most recent guidelines for the management of atopic dermatitis to facilitate a practical approach to the disease. The therapeutical approach should be adapted to the clinical severity and requires a tailored strategy to ensure good compliance by children and their parents. In this Consensus, levels and models of intervention are also enriched by the Italian experience to facilitate a practical approach to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Galli
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, Research Center, San Pietro Hospital - Fatebenefratelli, Rome, Italy.
| | - Iria Neri
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giampaolo Ricci
- Pediatric Unit - Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Pad. 16, Via Massarenti, 11 - 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Ermanno Baldo
- Pediatric Department, "S. Maria del Carmine" Hospital of Rovereto, APSS (Provincial Agency for Health Services), Trento, Italy.
| | | | - Anna Belloni Fortina
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | | | - Irene Berti
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Carlo Caffarelli
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Calamelli
- Pediatric Unit - Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Pad. 16, Via Massarenti, 11 - 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lucetta Capra
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Paediatrics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Rossella Carello
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, Research Center, San Pietro Hospital - Fatebenefratelli, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cipriani
- Pediatric Unit - Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Pad. 16, Via Massarenti, 11 - 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Andrea Diociaiuti
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maya El Hachem
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elena Fontana
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Michaela Gruber
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Ellen Haddock
- Departments of Pediatrics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Nunzia Maiello
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Paolo Meglio
- Primary Care Pediatrician, Health National Service, Rome, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Patrizi
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Diego Peroni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Paediatrics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Dorella Scarponi
- Pediatric Unit - Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Pad. 16, Via Massarenti, 11 - 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Ingrid Wielander
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Lawrence F Eichenfield
- Departments of Pediatrics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Mediators of Chronic Pruritus in Atopic Dermatitis: Getting the Itch Out? Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2015; 51:263-292. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-015-8488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Bhanegaonkar AJ, Horodniceanu EG, Abdul Latiff AH, Woodhull S, Khoo PC, Detzel P, Ji X, Botteman MF. Economic value of atopic dermatitis prevention via infant formula use in high-risk Malaysian infants. Asia Pac Allergy 2015; 5:84-97. [PMID: 25938073 PMCID: PMC4415184 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2015.5.2.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breastfeeding is best for infants and the World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for at least the first 6 months of life. For those who are unable to be breastfed, previous studies demonstrate that feeding high-risk infants with hydrolyzed formulas instead of cow's milk formula (CMF) may decrease the risk of atopic dermatitis (AD). Objective To estimate the economic impact of feeding high-risk, not exclusively breastfed, urban Malaysian infants with partiallyhydrolyzed whey-based formula (PHF-W) instead of CMF for the first 17 weeks of life as an AD risk reduction strategy. Methods A cohort Markov model simulated the AD incidence and burden from birth to age 6 years in the target population fed with PHF-W vs. CMF. The model integrated published clinical and epidemiologic data, local cost data, and expert opinion. Modeled outcomes included AD-risk reduction, time spent post AD diagnosis, days without AD flare, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and costs (direct and indirect). Outcomes were discounted at 3% per year. Costs are expressed in Malaysian Ringgit (MYR; MYR 1,000 = United States dollar [US $]316.50). Results Feeding a high-risk infant PHF-W vs. CMF resulted in a 14% point reduction in AD risk (95% confidence interval [CI], 3%-23%), a 0.69-year (95% CI, 0.25-1.10) reduction in time spent post-AD diagnosis, additional 38 (95% CI, 2-94) days without AD flare, and an undiscounted gain of 0.041 (95% CI, 0.007-0.103) QALYs. The discounted AD-related 6-year cost estimates when feeding a high-risk infant with PHF-W were MYR 1,758 (US $556) (95% CI, MYR 917-3,033) and with CMF MYR 2,871 (US $909) (95% CI, MYR 1,697-4,278), resulting in a per-child net saving of MYR 1,113 (US $352) (95% CI, MYR 317-1,884) favoring PHF-W. Conclusion Using PHF-W instead of CMF in this population is expected to result in AD-related costs savings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sanjay Woodhull
- Department of Pediatrics, Ramsay Sime Darby, Subang Jaya Medical Centre, 47500 Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Phaik Choo Khoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Ramsay Sime Darby, Subang Jaya Medical Centre, 47500 Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Xiang Ji
- Pharmerit International, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Botteman M, Detzel P. Cost-effectiveness of partially hydrolyzed whey protein formula in the primary prevention of atopic dermatitis in high-risk urban infants in Southeast Asia. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2015; 66 Suppl 1:26-32. [PMID: 25925338 DOI: 10.1159/000370222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin conditions among infants. Proteins found in cow's milk formula (CMF) have been found to be attributable to heightened AD risk, particularly in infants with familial AD heredity. Previous studies have suggested that intervention with partially hydrolyzed formula in nonexclusively breastfed infants can have a protective effect against AD development. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to compare the estimates of the economic impact of reducing the AD incidence by feeding a partially hydrolyzed whey-based formula (PHF-W) instead of a standard CMF to high-risk nonexclusively breastfed urban infants for the first 17 weeks of life in the Philippines, Malaysia, and Singapore. METHODS In each country, a mathematical model simulated AD incidence and burden from birth to 6 years of age of using PHF-W versus CMF in the target population using data from the German Infant Nutritional Intervention study. The models integrated literature, current cost and market data, and expert clinician opinion. Modeled outcomes included AD risk reduction, time spent after AD diagnosis, AD symptom-free days, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and costs (direct and indirect). Outcomes were discounted at 3% per year. Costs were expressed in USD. RESULTS Feeding high-risk infants PHF-W instead of CMF resulted in an estimated absolute 14% (95% CI 1-24) AD risk reduction, a 0.69-year (95% CI 0.25-1.13) reduction in the time spent after AD diagnosis per child, reductions of 16-38 AD days, and gains in 0.02-0.04 QALYs, depending on the country. The per-child AD-related 6-year cost-saving estimates of feeding high-risk infants with PHF-W versus CMF were USD 739 in Singapore, USD 372 in Malaysia, and USD 237 in the Philippines.
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Gillespie RMC, Brown SJ. From the outside-in: Epidermal targeting as a paradigm for atopic disease therapy. World J Dermatol 2015; 4:16-32. [DOI: 10.5314/wjd.v4.i1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder which can precede asthma and allergic rhinitis in a disease trajectory known as the atopic march. The pathophysiology of AD includes cutaneous inflammation, disrupted epidermal barrier function, xerosis and propensity to secondary infections. AD had previously been thought to arise from the systemic atopic immune response and therapies are therefore directed towards ameliorating Th2-mediated inflammation. However in recent years the focus has shifted towards primary defects in the skin barrier as an initiating event in AD. Links between loss-of-function variants in the gene encoding filaggrin and disrupted activity of epidermal serine proteases and AD have been reported. Based on these observations, a mechanism has been described by which epidermal barrier dysfunction may lead to inflammation and allergic sensitization. Exogenous and endogenous stressors can further exacerbate inherited barrier abnormalities to promote disease activity. Pathways underlying progression of the atopic march remain unclear, but recent findings implicate thymic stromal lymphopoietin as a factor linking AD to subsequent airway inflammation in asthma. This new appreciation of the epidermis in the development of AD should lead to deployment of more specific strategies to restore barrier function in atopic patients and potentially halt the atopic march.
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