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Elmers J, Gabbert T, David B, Scheunemann J, Moritz S. Are psychotic-like experiences associated with aberrant prosocial decision-making behavior? Front Psychol 2024; 15:1387678. [PMID: 39156817 PMCID: PMC11327126 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1387678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Deficits in social functioning and decision-making are well-documented in schizophrenia, but their relationship with positive symptoms and social conflicts is poorly understood. We created a new paradigm based on the Dictator Game (DG) to explore differences in social decision-making between individuals experiencing high levels of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), particularly hallucinations and delusions, and controls with less PLEs. Methods A large community sample (N = 1,161) completed a DG in an online study whereby extreme groups were built based on the positive subscale of the CAPE. Results Overall, participants experiencing PLEs did not act less prosocial than controls but showed a somewhat aberrant decision-making behavior, particularly a pattern of behaving more prosocial in fair situations and generally favoring punishment over compensation relative to controls. Mediation analyses suggest that measures of empathy and Machiavellism have predictive power for prosocial behavior beyond group status. Discussion The present study raises the possibility that individuals with high levels of PLEs may be less able to adapt their behavior to the situation at hand than controls. These irregularities might be due to deficits in social cognition which may elicit conflict, thus compromising social functioning and possibly contributing to the formation of positive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Elmers
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tana Gabbert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bastian David
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jakob Scheunemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Moritz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Han GT, Trevisan DA, Foss-Feig J, Srihari V, McPartland JC. Distinct Symptom Network Structure and Shared Central Social Communication Symptomatology in Autism and Schizophrenia: A Bayesian Network Analysis. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:3636-3647. [PMID: 35752729 PMCID: PMC10202012 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05620-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Autism (ASD) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SCZ) are neurodevelopmental conditions with overlapping and interrelated symptoms. A network analysis approach that represents clinical conditions as a set of "nodes" (symptoms) connected by "edges" (relations among symptoms) was used to compare symptom organization in the two conditions. Gaussian graphical models were estimated using Bayesian methods to model separate symptom networks for adults with confirmed ASD or SCZ diagnoses. Though overall symptom organization differed by diagnostic group, both symptom networks demonstrated high centrality of social communication difficulties. Autism-relevant restricted and repetitive behaviors and schizophrenia-related cognitive-perceptual symptoms were uniquely central to the ASD and SCZ networks, respectively. Results offer recommendations to improve differential diagnosis and highlight potential treatment targets in ASD and SCZ.
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Tang SX, Cong Y, Nikzad AH, Mehta A, Cho S, Hänsel K, Berretta S, Dhar AA, Kane JM, Malhotra AK. Clinical and computational speech measures are associated with social cognition in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophr Res 2023; 259:28-37. [PMID: 35835710 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we compared three domains of social cognition (emotion processing, mentalizing, and attribution bias) to clinical and computational language measures in 63 participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Based on the active inference model for discourse, we hypothesized that emotion processing and mentalizing, but not attribution bias, would be related to language disturbances. Clinical ratings for speech disturbance assessed disorganized and underproductive dimensions. Computational features included speech graph metrics, use of modal verbs, use of first-person pronouns, cosine similarity of adjacent utterances, and measures of sentiment; these were represented by four principal components. We found that higher clinical ratings for disorganized speech were predicted by greater impairments in both emotion processing and mentalizing, and that these relationships remained significant when accounting for demographic variables, overall psychosis symptoms, and verbal ability. Similarly, a computational speech component reflecting insular speech was consistently predicted by impairment in emotion processing. There were notable trends for computational speech components reflecting underproductive speech and decreased content-rich speech predicting mentalizing ability. Exploratory longitudinal analyses in a small subset of participants (n = 17) found that improvements in both emotion processing and mentalizing predicted improvements in disorganized speech. Attribution bias did not demonstrate strong relationships with language measures. Altogether, our findings are consistent with the active inference model of discourse and suggest greater emphasis on treatments that target social cognitive and language systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny X Tang
- Zucker Hillside Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 75-59 263rd St., Glen Oaks, NY 11004, United States of America.
| | - Yan Cong
- Zucker Hillside Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 75-59 263rd St., Glen Oaks, NY 11004, United States of America.
| | - Amir H Nikzad
- Zucker Hillside Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 75-59 263rd St., Glen Oaks, NY 11004, United States of America.
| | - Aarush Mehta
- Zucker Hillside Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 75-59 263rd St., Glen Oaks, NY 11004, United States of America.
| | - Sunghye Cho
- University of Pennsylvania, Linguistic Data Consortium, 3600 Market St., Suite 810, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
| | - Katrin Hänsel
- Yale University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, 195 Church Street, New Haven, CT 06510, United States of America.
| | - Sarah Berretta
- Zucker Hillside Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 75-59 263rd St., Glen Oaks, NY 11004, United States of America.
| | - Aamina A Dhar
- Zucker Hillside Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 75-59 263rd St., Glen Oaks, NY 11004, United States of America
| | - John M Kane
- Zucker Hillside Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 75-59 263rd St., Glen Oaks, NY 11004, United States of America.
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Zucker Hillside Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 75-59 263rd St., Glen Oaks, NY 11004, United States of America.
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Pavlidou A, Gorisse G, Banakou D, Walther S. Using virtual reality to assess gesture performance deficits in schizophrenia patients. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1191601. [PMID: 37363173 PMCID: PMC10288366 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1191601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gesture performance deficits are prevalent in schizophrenia patients and are strongly associated with poor social communication skills and community functioning, affecting their overall quality of life. Currently, video-recording technology is widely used in clinical settings to assess gesture production deficits in schizophrenia patients. Nevertheless, the subjective evaluation of video-recordings can encumber task assessment. The present study will aim to use virtual reality to examine its potential use as an alternative tool to objectively measure gesture performance accuracy in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Methods Gesture performance in the virtual reality setting will be based on the well-established Test of Upper Limb Apraxia. Participants will be immersed in a virtual environment where they will experience themselves being embodied in a collocated virtual body seen from a first-person perspective. Motion trackers will be placed on participants' hands and elbows to track upper body movements in real-time, and to record gesture movement for later analysis. Participants will see a virtual agent sitting across from them, with a virtual table in between. The agent will perform various types of gestures and the participants' task will be to imitate those gestures as accurately as possible. Measurements from the tracking devices will be stored and analyzed to address gesture performance accuracy across groups. Discussion This study aims to provide objective measurements of gesture performance accuracy in schizophrenia patients. If successful, the results will provide new knowledge to the gesture literature and offer the potential for novel therapeutic interventions using virtual reality technologies. Such interventions can improve gesturing and thus advance social communication skills in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Pavlidou
- University of Bern, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Translation Research Centre, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Domna Banakou
- Arts and Humanities Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sebastian Walther
- University of Bern, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Translation Research Centre, Bern, Switzerland
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Liang L, Silva AM, Jeon P, Ford SD, MacKinley M, Théberge J, Palaniyappan L. Widespread cortical thinning, excessive glutamate and impaired linguistic functioning in schizophrenia: A cluster analytic approach. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:954898. [PMID: 35992940 PMCID: PMC9390601 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.954898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Symptoms of schizophrenia are closely related to aberrant language comprehension and production. Macroscopic brain changes seen in some patients with schizophrenia are suspected to relate to impaired language production, but this is yet to be reliably characterized. Since heterogeneity in language dysfunctions, as well as brain structure, is suspected in schizophrenia, we aimed to first seek patient subgroups with different neurobiological signatures and then quantify linguistic indices that capture the symptoms of "negative formal thought disorder" (i.e., fluency, cohesion, and complexity of language production). Methods Atlas-based cortical thickness values (obtained with a 7T MRI scanner) of 66 patients with first-episode psychosis and 36 healthy controls were analyzed with hierarchical clustering algorithms to produce neuroanatomical subtypes. We then examined the generated subtypes and investigated the quantitative differences in MRS-based glutamate levels [in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC)] as well as in three aspects of language production features: fluency, syntactic complexity, and lexical cohesion. Results Two neuroanatomical subtypes among patients were observed, one with near-normal cortical thickness patterns while the other with widespread cortical thinning. Compared to the subgroup of patients with relatively normal cortical thickness patterns, the subgroup with widespread cortical thinning was older, with higher glutamate concentration in dACC and produced speech with reduced mean length of T-units (complexity) and lower repeats of content words (lexical cohesion), despite being equally fluent (number of words). Conclusion We characterized a patient subgroup with thinner cortex in first-episode psychosis. This subgroup, identifiable through macroscopic changes, is also distinguishable in terms of neurochemistry (frontal glutamate) and language behavior (complexity and cohesion of speech). This study supports the hypothesis that glutamate-mediated cortical thinning may contribute to a phenotype that is detectable using the tools of computational linguistics in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbing Liang
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Peter Jeon
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sabrina D. Ford
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael MacKinley
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jean Théberge
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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6
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Pavlidou A, Chapellier V, Maderthaner L, von Känel S, Walther S. Using dynamic point light display stimuli to assess gesture deficits in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res Cogn 2022; 28:100240. [PMID: 35242609 PMCID: PMC8866720 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2022.100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Gesture deficits are ubiquitous in schizophrenia patients contributing to poor social communication and functional outcome. Given the dynamic nature of social communications, the current study aimed to explore the underlying socio-cognitive processes associated with point-light-displays (PLDs) of communicative gestures in the absence of any other confounding visual characteristics, and compare them to other well-established stimuli of gestures such as pictures by examining their association with symptom severity and motor-cognitive modalities. Methods We included 39-stable schizophrenia outpatients and 27-age-gender matched controls and assessed gesture processing using two tasks. The first task used static stimuli of pictures of a person performing a gesture. The limbs executing the gesture were missing and participants' task was to choose the correct gesture from three-options provided. The second task included videos of dynamic PLDs interacting with each other. One PLD performed communicative gestures, while the other PLD imitated/followed these performed gestures. Participants had to indicate, which of the two PLDs was imitating/following the other. Additionally, we evaluated symptom severity, as well as, motor and cognitive parameters. Results Patients underperformed in both gesture tasks compared to controls. Task performance for static stimuli was associated with blunted affect, motor coordination and sequencing domains, while PLD performance was associated with expressive gestures and sensory integration processes. Discussion Gesture representations of static and dynamic stimuli are associated with distinct processes contributing to poor social communication in schizophrenia, requiring novel therapeutic interventions. Such stimuli can easily be applied remotely for screening socio-cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Pavlidou
- Corresponding author at: Psychiatric Services University of Bern, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Systems Neuroscience of Psychopathology, Translational Research Center, Bollingerstr. 111, CH-3000 Bern 60, Switzerland.
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Palaniyappan L, Venkatasubramanian G. The Bayesian brain and cooperative communication in schizophrenia. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2022; 47:E48-E54. [PMID: 35135834 PMCID: PMC8834248 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.210231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Palaniyappan
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); the Robart Research Institute & Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan); and the InSTAR Program, Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (Venkatasubramanian)
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8
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He JL, Wodka E, Tommerdahl M, Edden RAE, Mikkelsen M, Mostofsky SH, Puts NAJ. Disorder-specific alterations of tactile sensitivity in neurodevelopmental disorders. Commun Biol 2021; 4:97. [PMID: 33483581 PMCID: PMC7822903 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations of tactile processing have long been identified in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the extent to which these alterations are disorder-specific, rather than disorder-general, and how they relate to the core symptoms of each disorder, remains unclear. We measured and compared tactile detection, discrimination, and order judgment thresholds between a large sample of children with ASD, ADHD, ASD + ADHD combined and typically developing controls. The pattern of results suggested that while difficulties with tactile detection and order judgement were more common in children with ADHD, difficulties with tactile discrimination were more common in children with ASD. Interestingly, in our subsequent correlation analyses between tactile perception and disorder-specific clinical symptoms, tactile detection and order judgment correlated exclusively with the core symptoms of ADHD, while tactile discrimination correlated exclusively with the symptoms of ASD. When taken together, these results suggest that disorder-specific alterations of lower-level sensory processes exist and are specifically related to higher-level clinical symptoms of each disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L He
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AB, UK
| | - Ericka Wodka
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Mark Tommerdahl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Mark Mikkelsen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Stewart H Mostofsky
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Nicolaas A J Puts
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AB, UK.
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Crespi B, Dinsdale N. Autism and psychosis as diametrical disorders of embodiment. Evol Med Public Health 2019; 2019:121-138. [PMID: 31402979 PMCID: PMC6682708 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have evolved an elaborate system of self-consciousness, self-identity, self-agency, and self-embodiment that is grounded in specific neurological structures including an expanded insula. Instantiation of the bodily self has been most-extensively studied via the 'rubber hand illusion', whereby parallel stimulation of a hidden true hand, and a viewed false hand, leads to the felt belief that the false hand is one's own. Autism and schizophrenia have both long been regarded as conditions centrally involving altered development of the self, but they have yet to be compared directly with regard to the self and embodiment. Here, we synthesize the embodied cognition literature for these and related conditions, and describe evidence that these two sets of disorders exhibit opposite susceptibilities from typical individuals to the rubber hand illusion: reduced on the autism spectrum and increased in schizophrenia and other psychotic-affective conditions. Moreover, the opposite illusion effects are mediated by a consilient set of associated phenomena, including empathy, interoception, anorexia risk and phenotypes, and patterns of genetic correlation. Taken together, these findings: (i) support the diametric model of autism and psychotic-affective disorders, (ii) implicate the adaptive human system of self-embodiment, and its neural bases, in neurodevelopmental disorders, and suggest new therapies and (iii) experimentally ground Bayesian predictive coding models with regard to autism compared with psychosis. Lay summary: Humans have evolved a highly developed sense of self and perception of one's own body. The 'rubber hand illusion' can be used to test individual variation in sense of self, relative to connection with others. We show that this illusion is reduced in autism spectrum disorders, and increased in psychotic and mood disorders. These findings have important implications for understanding and treatment of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Crespi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Natalie Dinsdale
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Schülke R, Straube B. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Improves Semantic Speech-Gesture Matching in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:522-530. [PMID: 30304518 PMCID: PMC6483581 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) have severe deficits in speech and gesture processing that contribute considerably to the burden of this disorder. Brain imaging shows left inferior frontal gyrus involvement for impaired processing of co-verbal gestures in patients with schizophrenia. Recently, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the left frontal lobe has been shown to modulate processing of co-verbal gestures in healthy subjects. Although tDCS has been used to reduce symptoms of patients with SSD, the effects of tDCS on gesture processing deficits remain hitherto unexplored. OBJECTIVE Here we tested the hypothesis that inhibitory cathodal tDCS of the left frontal lobe decreases pathological dysfunction and improves semantic processing of co-verbal gestures in patients with SSD. METHODS We measured ratings and reaction times in a speech-gesture semantic relatedness assessment task during application of frontal, frontoparietal, parietal, and sham tDCS to 20 patients with SSD and 29 healthy controls. RESULTS We found a specific effect of tDCS on speech-gesture relatedness ratings of patients. Frontal compared to parietal and sham stimulation significantly improved the differentiation between related and unrelated gestures. Placement of the second electrode (right frontal vs parietal) did not affect the effect of left frontal stimulation, which reduced the preexisting difference between patients and healthy controls. CONCLUSION Here we show that left frontal tDCS can improve semantic co-verbal gesture processing in patients with SSD. tDCS could be a viable tool to normalize processing in the left frontal lobe and facilitate direct social communicative functioning in patients with SSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Schülke
- Translational Neuroimaging Marburg (TNM), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (MCMBB), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Straube
- Translational Neuroimaging Marburg (TNM), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (MCMBB), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, Marburg 35039, Germany; tel: +49-(0)-6421-58-66429, fax: +49-(0)-6421-5865406, e-mail:
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Mele S, Bivi R, Borra L, Callegari V, Caracciolo S, Tugnoli S, Craighero L. Efficacy of theatre activities in facial expression categorization in schizophrenia. ARTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aip.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dissociated features of social cognition altered in mouse models of schizophrenia: Focus on social dominance and acoustic communication. Neuropharmacology 2018; 159:107334. [PMID: 30236964 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Social and communication impairments are common features of psychiatric disorders. Animal models of schizophrenia display various social deficits due to difference in tests, mouse strains and drugs. Moreover, communication deficits have not been studied. Our objectives were to assess and compare three major features of social cognition in different mouse models of schizophrenia: interest for a social stimulus, organization and acceptance of social contact, and acoustic communication to question whether mouse models for schizophrenia with social dysfunction also exhibit vocal communication defects. To achieve these aims we treated acutely C57BL/6J mice either with MK-801 or ketamine and tested WT and microtubule-associated protein 6 -MAP6- KO mice in two complementary social tasks: the 3-chamber test which measures social motivation and the social interaction task -SIT- which relies on prefrontal cortex activity and measures the ability to organize and respond to a real interaction, and which promotes ultrasonic vocalizations. Our results reveal that schizophrenia models have intact interest for a social stimulus in the 3-chamber test. However, thanks to principal component analyses of social interaction data, we demonstrate that social motivation and the ability to act socially rely on distinct mechanisms in revealing a decrease in dominance and communication in pharmacological schizophrenia models along with social withdraw, classically observed in schizophrenia, in MK-801 model. In this latter model, some social parameters can be significantly improved by aripiprazole, an atypical antipsychotic. Our social protocol, combined with fine-tuned analysis, is expected to provide an innovative framework for testing future treatments in preclinical models. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'The neuropharmacology of social behavior: from bench to bedside'.
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İnce E, Üçok A. Relationship Between Persistent Negative Symptoms and Findings of Neurocognition and Neuroimaging in Schizophrenia. Clin EEG Neurosci 2018; 49:27-35. [PMID: 29243526 DOI: 10.1177/1550059417746213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Negative symptoms are defined as loss or reduction of otherwise present behaviors or functions in illness situation, and they have constituted an important aspect of schizophrenia. Although negative symptoms have usually been considered as a single entity, neurobiological investigations yielded discrepant results. To overcome challenges that derive from this discrepancy, researchers have proposed several approaches to structure negative symptoms into more homogenous constructs. Concept of persistent negative symptoms (PNS) is one of the proposed approaches, and includes both primary and secondary negative symptoms that persist after adequate treatment. PNS is relatively easy to assess, and by definition, more inclusive; yet it represents an unmet therapeutic need. Therefore, it is a target of several neurobiological and pharmacological studies. There are several structural and functional brain alterations associated with negative symptoms. On the other hand, neurocognitive investigations in patients with schizophrenia have revealed deficits in several domains that showed correlations with negative symptoms. There are several shared features between negative symptoms and neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia such as prevalence rates, course through the illness, prognostic importance, and impact on social functioning. However, exact mechanisms behind the neurobiology of PNS and how it interacts with neurocognition remain to be explained. Earlier reviews on neuroimaging and neurocognitive correlates of PNS have been focused on studies with broadly defined negative symptoms that were selected by methodological closeness to PNS. In this review, we focus on neural correlates and neurocognitive associations of PNS, and we discuss PNS findings available to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi İnce
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Çapa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alp Üçok
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Çapa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Vlaskamp C, Oranje B, Madsen GF, Møllegaard Jepsen JR, Durston S, Cantio C, Glenthøj B, Bilenberg N. Auditory processing in autism spectrum disorder: Mismatch negativity deficits. Autism Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aur.1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Vlaskamp
- NICHE Lab; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Bob Oranje
- NICHE Lab; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center Glostrup; Glostrup Denmark
| | - Gitte Falcher Madsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center Glostrup; Glostrup Denmark
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Odense; Research Unit, Mental Health Services in Region of Southern Denmark, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Capital Region; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Sarah Durston
- NICHE Lab; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Cathriona Cantio
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Birte Glenthøj
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center Glostrup; Glostrup Denmark
| | - Niels Bilenberg
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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Adamczyk P, Wyczesany M, Domagalik A, Daren A, Cepuch K, Błądziński P, Cechnicki A, Marek T. Neural circuit of verbal humor comprehension in schizophrenia - an fMRI study. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 15:525-540. [PMID: 28652967 PMCID: PMC5473647 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with schizophrenia exhibit problems with understanding the figurative meaning of language. This study evaluates neural correlates of diminished humor comprehension observed in schizophrenia. The study included chronic schizophrenia (SCH) outpatients (n = 20), and sex, age and education level matched healthy controls (n = 20). The fMRI punchline based humor comprehension task consisted of 60 stories of which 20 had funny, 20 nonsensical and 20 neutral (not funny) punchlines. After the punchlines were presented, the participants were asked to indicate whether the story was comprehensible and how funny it was. Three contrasts were analyzed in both groups reflecting stages of humor processing: abstract vs neutral stories - incongruity detection; funny vs abstract - incongruity resolution and elaboration; and funny vs neutral - complete humor processing. Additionally, parametric modulation analysis was performed using both subjective ratings separately. Between-group comparisons revealed that the SCH subjects had attenuated activation in the right posterior superior temporal gyrus (BA 41) in case of irresolvable incongruity processing of nonsensical puns; in the left dorsomedial middle and superior frontal gyri (BA 8/9) in case of incongruity resolution and elaboration processing of funny puns; and in the interhemispheric dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (BA 24) in case of complete processing of funny puns. Additionally, during comprehensibility ratings the SCH group showed a suppressed activity in the left dorsomedial middle and superior frontal gyri (BA 8/9) and revealed weaker activation during funniness ratings in the left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (BA 24). Interestingly, these differences in the SCH group were accompanied behaviorally by a protraction of time in both types of rating responses and by indicating funny punchlines less comprehensible. Summarizing, our results indicate neural substrates of humor comprehension processing impairments in schizophrenia, which is accompanied by fronto-temporal hypoactivation.
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Key Words
- ABS, absurd/nonsensical punchline
- ACC, anterior cingulate cortex
- BA, Brodmann's area
- CON, healthy controls/control group
- Communication skills
- EEG, electroencephalography
- ERPs, EEG event-related potentials
- FDR, False Discovery Rate
- FUN, funny punchline
- FWHM, full-width-at-half-maximum
- Figurative meaning
- Functional magnetic resonance imaging
- GLM, general linear model
- Humor
- IFG, inferior frontal gyrus
- IPL, Inferior Parietal Lobule
- ISI, interstimulus-interval
- L, left hemisphere
- MFG, medial frontal gyrus
- MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates
- MOG, middle occipital gyrus
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MTG, middle temporal gyrus
- MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment
- NEU, neutral/unfunny punchline
- PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale
- PFC, prefrontal cortex
- R, right hemisphere
- RHLB, Right Hemisphere Language Battery
- RT, reaction time
- SCH, schizophrenia outpatients/clinical group
- SD, standard deviations
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- SFG, Superior Frontal Gyrus
- SOA, stimulus onset asynchrony
- STG, superior temporal gyrus
- Schizophrenia
- TP, temporal pole
- TPJ, temporoparietal junction
- ToM, theory of mind.
- dACC, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex
- dlPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
- dmMFG, dorsomedial Middle Frontal Gyrus
- fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging
- fNIRS, functional near-infrared spectroscopy
- k, number of voxels in analyzed cluster size
- ns, non-significant group difference
- pSTG, posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus
- sLORETA, standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Adamczyk
- Department of Community Psychiatry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Psychosis Research and Psychotherapy Unit, Association for the Development of Psychiatry and Community Care, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Miroslaw Wyczesany
- Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Domagalik
- Neurobiology Department, The Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Artur Daren
- Department of Community Psychiatry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Psychosis Research and Psychotherapy Unit, Association for the Development of Psychiatry and Community Care, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Cepuch
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Błądziński
- Department of Community Psychiatry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Cechnicki
- Department of Community Psychiatry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Psychosis Research and Psychotherapy Unit, Association for the Development of Psychiatry and Community Care, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Marek
- Neurobiology Department, The Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Noah JA, Dravida S, Zhang X, Yahil S, Hirsch J. Neural correlates of conflict between gestures and words: A domain-specific role for a temporal-parietal complex. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173525. [PMID: 28278240 PMCID: PMC5344449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The interpretation of social cues is a fundamental function of human social behavior, and resolution of inconsistencies between spoken and gestural cues plays an important role in successful interactions. To gain insight into these underlying neural processes, we compared neural responses in a traditional color/word conflict task and to a gesture/word conflict task to test hypotheses of domain-general and domain-specific conflict resolution. In the gesture task, recorded spoken words ("yes" and "no") were presented simultaneously with video recordings of actors performing one of the following affirmative or negative gestures: thumbs up, thumbs down, head nodding (up and down), or head shaking (side-to-side), thereby generating congruent and incongruent communication stimuli between gesture and words. Participants identified the communicative intent of the gestures as either positive or negative. In the color task, participants were presented the words "red" and "green" in either red or green font and were asked to identify the color of the letters. We observed a classic "Stroop" behavioral interference effect, with participants showing increased response time for incongruent trials relative to congruent ones for both the gesture and color tasks. Hemodynamic signals acquired using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) were increased in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for incongruent trials relative to congruent trials for both tasks consistent with a common, domain-general mechanism for detecting conflict. However, activity in the left DLPFC and frontal eye fields and the right temporal-parietal junction (TPJ), superior temporal gyrus (STG), supramarginal gyrus (SMG), and primary and auditory association cortices was greater for the gesture task than the color task. Thus, in addition to domain-general conflict processing mechanisms, as suggested by common engagement of right DLPFC, socially specialized neural modules localized to the left DLPFC and right TPJ including adjacent homologous receptive language areas were engaged when processing conflicting communications. These findings contribute to an emerging view of specialization within the TPJ and adjacent areas for interpretation of social cues and indicate a role for the region in processing social conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Adam Noah
- Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Swethasri Dravida
- Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Xian Zhang
- Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Shaul Yahil
- Department of Neurosciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Joy Hirsch
- Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Razafimandimby A, Hervé PY, Marzloff V, Brazo P, Tzourio-Mazoyer N, Dollfus S. Functional deficit of the medial prefrontal cortex during emotional sentence attribution in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2016; 178:86-93. [PMID: 27613508 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional brain imaging research has already demonstrated that patients with schizophrenia had difficulties with emotion processing, namely in facial emotion perception and emotional prosody. However, the moderating effect of social context and the boundary of perceptual categories of emotion attribution remain unclear. This study investigated the neural bases of emotional sentence attribution in schizophrenia. METHODS Twenty-one schizophrenia patients and 25 healthy subjects underwent an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm including two tasks: one to classify sentences according to their emotional content, and the other to classify neutral sentences according to their grammatical person. RESULTS First, patients showed longer response times as compared to controls only during the emotion attribution task. Second, patients with schizophrenia showed reduction of activation in bilateral auditory areas irrespective of the presence of emotions. Lastly, during emotional sentences attribution, patients displayed less activation than controls in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the functional abnormality observed in the mPFC during the emotion attribution task could provide a biological basis for social cognition deficits in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Razafimandimby
- Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques de la Schizophrénie (ISTS), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Hervé
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, UMR5296 CNRS, CEA, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Marzloff
- Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques de la Schizophrénie (ISTS), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France; CHU de Caen, Service de Psychiatrie, Centre Esquirol, Caen F-14000, France
| | - Perrine Brazo
- Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques de la Schizophrénie (ISTS), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France; CHU de Caen, Service de Psychiatrie, Centre Esquirol, Caen F-14000, France
| | - Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, UMR5296 CNRS, CEA, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sonia Dollfus
- Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques de la Schizophrénie (ISTS), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France; CHU de Caen, Service de Psychiatrie, Centre Esquirol, Caen F-14000, France.
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18
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Crespi B, Leach E, Dinsdale N, Mokkonen M, Hurd P. Imagination in human social cognition, autism, and psychotic-affective conditions. Cognition 2016; 150:181-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Crespi BJ, Go MC. Diametrical diseases reflect evolutionary-genetic tradeoffs: Evidence from psychiatry, neurology, rheumatology, oncology and immunology. Evol Med Public Health 2015; 2015:216-53. [PMID: 26354001 PMCID: PMC4600345 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eov021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tradeoffs centrally mediate the expression of human adaptations. We propose that tradeoffs also influence the prevalence and forms of human maladaptation manifest in disease. By this logic, increased risk for one set of diseases commonly engenders decreased risk for another, diametric, set of diseases. We describe evidence for such diametric sets of diseases from epidemiological, genetic and molecular studies in four clinical domains: (i) psychiatry (autism vs psychotic-affective conditions), (ii) rheumatology (osteoarthritis vs osteoporosis), (iii) oncology and neurology (cancer vs neurodegenerative disorders) and (iv) immunology (autoimmunity vs infectious disease). Diametric disorders are important to recognize because genotypes or environmental factors that increase risk for one set of disorders protect from opposite disorders, thereby providing novel and direct insights into disease causes, prevention and therapy. Ascertaining the mechanisms that underlie disease-related tradeoffs should also indicate means of circumventing or alleviating them, and thus reducing the incidence and impacts of human disease in a more general way.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew C Go
- Department of Biological Sciences; Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6 Present address: Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 109 Davenport Hall, 607 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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20
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Badcock JC. A Neuropsychological Approach to Auditory Verbal Hallucinations and Thought Insertion - Grounded in Normal Voice Perception. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 7:631-652. [PMID: 27617046 PMCID: PMC4995233 DOI: 10.1007/s13164-015-0270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A neuropsychological perspective on auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) links key phenomenological features of the experience, such as voice location and identity, to functionally separable pathways in normal human audition. Although this auditory processing stream (APS) framework has proven valuable for integrating research on phenomenology with cognitive and neural accounts of hallucinatory experiences, it has not yet been applied to other symptoms presumed to be closely related to AVH – such as thought insertion (TI). In this paper, I propose that an APS framework offers a useful way of thinking about the experience of TI as well as AVH, providing a common conceptual framework for both. I argue that previous self-monitoring theories struggle to account for both the differences and similarities in the characteristic features of AVH and TI, which can be readily accommodated within an APS framework. Furthermore, the APS framework can be integrated with predictive processing accounts of psychotic symptoms; makes predictions about potential sites of prediction error signals; and may offer a template for understanding a range of other symptoms beyond AVH and TI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C Badcock
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia
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21
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Egashira K, Matsuo K, Nakashima M, Watanuki T, Harada K, Nakano M, Matsubara T, Takahashi K, Watanabe Y. Blunted brain activation in patients with schizophrenia in response to emotional cognitive inhibition: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Schizophr Res 2015; 162:196-204. [PMID: 25595654 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with schizophrenia (SZ) have deficits of facial emotion processing and cognitive inhibition, but the brain pathophysiology underlying these deficits and their interaction are not clearly understood. We tested brain activity during an emotional face go/no-go task that requires rapid executive control affected by emotional stimuli in patients with SZ using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). METHODS Twenty-five patients with SZ and 28 healthy control subjects were studied. We evaluated behavioral performance and used fNIRS to measure oxygenated hemoglobin concentration changes in fronto-temporal areas during the emotional go/no-go task with emotional and non-emotional blocks. RESULTS Patients with SZ made more errors and had longer reaction times in both test blocks compared with healthy subjects. Significantly greater activation in the inferior, superior, middle, and orbital frontal regions were observed in healthy subjects during the emotional go/no-go block compared to the non-emotional go/no-go block, but this difference was not observed in patients with SZ. Relative to healthy subjects, patients with SZ showed less activation in the superior and orbital frontal and middle temporal regions during the emotional go/no-go block. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that fronto-temporal dysfunction in patients with SZ is due to an interaction between abnormal processing of emotional facial expressions with negative valence and cognitive inhibition, especially during the rapid selection of rule-based associations that override automatic emotional response tendencies. They indicate that fronto-temporal dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of emotional-cognitive deficits in patients with SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuteru Egashira
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Mami Nakashima
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan; Nagatoichinomiya Hospital, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 751-0885, Japan
| | - Toshio Watanuki
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Harada
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | | | - Toshio Matsubara
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | | | - Yoshifumi Watanabe
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
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Ford JM, Morris SE, Hoffman RE, Sommer I, Waters F, McCarthy-Jones S, Thoma RJ, Turner JA, Keedy SK, Badcock JC, Cuthbert BN. Studying hallucinations within the NIMH RDoC framework. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40 Suppl 4:S295-304. [PMID: 24847862 PMCID: PMC4141312 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We explore how hallucinations might be studied within the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, which asks investigators to step back from diagnoses based on symptoms and focus on basic dimensions of functioning. We start with a description of the objectives of the RDoC project and its domains and constructs. Because the RDoC initiative asks investigators to study phenomena across the wellness spectrum and different diagnoses, we address whether hallucinations experienced in nonclinical populations are the same as those experienced by people with psychotic diagnoses, and whether hallucinations studied in one clinical group can inform our understanding of the same phenomenon in another. We then discuss the phenomenology of hallucinations and how different RDoC domains might be relevant to their study. We end with a discussion of various challenges and potential next steps to advance the application of the RDoC approach to this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M. Ford
- 1San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA;,2Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA;,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; Psychiatry Service (116D), San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, US; tel: 415-221-4810, extension 4187, fax: 415-750-6622, e-mail:
| | - Sarah E. Morris
- 3Division of Adult Translational Research, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ralph E. Hoffman
- 4Department of Psychiatry, Yale-New Haven Psychiatric Hospital, New Haven, CT
| | - Iris Sommer
- 5Psychiatry Department, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Flavie Waters
- 6Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia;,7Graylands Hospital, North Metro Health Service Mental Health, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Simon McCarthy-Jones
- 8ARC Centre for Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia;,9Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Robert J. Thoma
- 10Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- 11Psychology Department and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sarah K. Keedy
- 12Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Johanna C. Badcock
- 13School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia;,14Clinical Research Centre, North Metropolitan Health Service - Mental Health, Mount Claremont, Western Australia
| | - Bruce N. Cuthbert
- 3Division of Adult Translational Research, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
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Cortical thinning in temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) in non-affective first-episode of psychosis patients with persistent negative symptoms. PLoS One 2014. [PMID: 24979583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101372.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative symptoms represent an unmet therapeutic need in many patients with schizophrenia. In an extension to our previous voxel-based morphometry findings, we employed a more specific, vertex-based approach to explore cortical thinning in relation to persistent negative symptoms (PNS) in non-affective first-episode of psychosis (FEP) patients to advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of primary negative symptoms. METHODS This study included 62 non-affective FEP patients and 60 non-clinical controls; 16 patients were identified with PNS (i.e., at least 1 primary negative symptom at moderate or greater severity sustained for at least 6 consecutive months). Using cortical thickness analyses, we explored for differences between PNS and non-PNS patients as well as between each patient group and healthy controls; cut-off threshold was set at p<0.01, corrected for multiple comparisons. RESULTS A thinner cortex prominently in the right superior temporal gyrus extending into the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), right parahippocampal gyrus, and left orbital frontal gyrus was identified in PNS patients vs. non-PNS patients. Compared with healthy controls, PNS patients showed a thinner cortex prominently in the right superior temporal gyrus, right parahippocampal gyrus, and right cingulate; non-PNS patients showed a thinner cortex prominently in the parahippocampal gyrus bi-laterally. CONCLUSION Cortical thinning in the early stages of non-affective psychosis is present in the frontal and temporo-parietal regions in patients with PNS. With these brain regions strongly related to social cognitive functioning, our finding suggests a potential link between primary negative symptoms and social cognitive deficits through common brain etiologies.
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ffytche DH, Wible CG. From tones in tinnitus to sensed social interaction in schizophrenia: how understanding cortical organization can inform the study of hallucinations and psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40 Suppl 4:S305-16. [PMID: 24936089 PMCID: PMC4141315 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The content, modality, and perceptual attributes of hallucinations and other psychotic symptoms may be related to neural representation at a single cell and population level in the cerebral cortex. A brief survey of some principles and examples of cortical representation and organization will be presented together with evidence for a correspondence between the neurobiology of brain areas activated at the time of a hallucination and the content of the corresponding hallucinatory and psychotic experiences. Contrasting the hallucinations of schizophrenia with other conditions, we highlight phenomenological aspects of hallucinations that are ignored in clinical practice but carry potentially important information about the brain regions and dysfunctions underlying them. Knowledge of cortical representation and organization are being used to develop animal models of hallucination and to test treatments that are now beginning to translate to the clinical domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic H. ffytche
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Cynthia G. Wible
- Harvard Medical School, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; Harvard Medical School, VA Boston Healthcare System, 940 Belmont Street, Psychiatry 116A, Brockton, MA 02301, US; tel/fax: 774-826-2483, e-mail:
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Bodnar M, Hovington CL, Buchy L, Malla AK, Joober R, Lepage M. Cortical thinning in temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) in non-affective first-episode of psychosis patients with persistent negative symptoms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101372. [PMID: 24979583 PMCID: PMC4076331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative symptoms represent an unmet therapeutic need in many patients with schizophrenia. In an extension to our previous voxel-based morphometry findings, we employed a more specific, vertex-based approach to explore cortical thinning in relation to persistent negative symptoms (PNS) in non-affective first-episode of psychosis (FEP) patients to advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of primary negative symptoms. METHODS This study included 62 non-affective FEP patients and 60 non-clinical controls; 16 patients were identified with PNS (i.e., at least 1 primary negative symptom at moderate or greater severity sustained for at least 6 consecutive months). Using cortical thickness analyses, we explored for differences between PNS and non-PNS patients as well as between each patient group and healthy controls; cut-off threshold was set at p<0.01, corrected for multiple comparisons. RESULTS A thinner cortex prominently in the right superior temporal gyrus extending into the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), right parahippocampal gyrus, and left orbital frontal gyrus was identified in PNS patients vs. non-PNS patients. Compared with healthy controls, PNS patients showed a thinner cortex prominently in the right superior temporal gyrus, right parahippocampal gyrus, and right cingulate; non-PNS patients showed a thinner cortex prominently in the parahippocampal gyrus bi-laterally. CONCLUSION Cortical thinning in the early stages of non-affective psychosis is present in the frontal and temporo-parietal regions in patients with PNS. With these brain regions strongly related to social cognitive functioning, our finding suggests a potential link between primary negative symptoms and social cognitive deficits through common brain etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bodnar
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychoses (PEPP – Montreal), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cindy L. Hovington
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lisa Buchy
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ashok K. Malla
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychoses (PEPP – Montreal), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ridha Joober
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychoses (PEPP – Montreal), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Martin Lepage
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychoses (PEPP – Montreal), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Jetha MK, Zheng X, Goldberg JO, Segalowitz SJ, Schmidt LA. Shyness and emotional face processing in schizophrenia: An ERP study. Biol Psychol 2013; 94:562-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Backasch B, Straube B, Pyka M, Klöhn-Saghatolislam F, Müller MJ, Kircher TTJ, Leube DT. Hyperintentionality during automatic perception of naturalistic cooperative behavior in patients with schizophrenia. Soc Neurosci 2013; 8:489-504. [PMID: 23895223 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2013.820666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Social cognition and the corresponding functionality of involved brain networks are essential for effortless social interaction. Patients with schizophrenia exhibit impaired social functioning. In this study, we focused on the neural networks involved in the automatic perception of cooperative behavior and their alterations in schizophrenia. We performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging study of 19 schizophrenia patients and 19 healthy matched controls. Participants watched a set of short videos with two actors manipulating objects, either with (C+) or without cooperation (C-). Additionally, we assessed delusional symptoms in patients using the Scales for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms and psychosis proneness in healthy controls using the brief schizotypal personality questionnaire. The observed group-by-condition interaction revealed a contrasting activation pattern for patients versus healthy controls in the medial and lateral prefrontal cortex, the middle cingulate cortex, and the left angular gyrus. Furthermore, increased activation of the middle prefrontal areas, left angular gyrus, and the posterior sulcus temporalis superior in response to the noncooperative condition (C-) was positively correlated with delusional symptoms in patients. Our findings suggest an overactivated "theory of mind" network in patients for the processing of noncooperative behavior. Thus, "overmentalizing" might be based on delusions and altered processing of cooperative behavior in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Backasch
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Philipps-University Marburg , Marburg , Germany
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Fischer-Shofty M, Shamay-Tsoory SG, Levkovitz Y. Characterization of the effects of oxytocin on fear recognition in patients with schizophrenia and in healthy controls. Front Neurosci 2013; 7:127. [PMID: 23882178 PMCID: PMC3714571 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals who suffer from schizophrenia often show a marked deficit in recognition of emotional facial expressions, as part of broader impairment of social cognition. Research has shown that recognition of negative emotions, specifically fear recognition, is particularly impaired among patients with schizophrenia. Recently we reported that intranasal administration of OT (IN OT) increased the ability to correctly recognize fear in a group of healthy men. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of IN OT administration on fear recognition among patients with schizophrenia. Based on previous research, we also sought to examine a possible selective effect of OT dependent on baseline performance, hypothesizing that IN OT would have a greater enhancement effect on less proficient individuals. It was thus hypothesized that patients will show more improvement in fear recognition following the administration of IN OT as compared to controls. Sixty six participants (31 schizophrenia patients, 35 healthy controls) were enrolled in the current study. All participants received treatment of a single dose of 24 IU IN OT and an equivalent amount of placebo, 1 week apart. The participants' ability to accurately recognize fear and happiness was evaluated using a face morphing task. Overall, as a group, both patients and healthy control participants were more accurate in recognizing fearful facial expressions, but not happy faces, following IN OT administration, as compared to their performance following placebo. IN OT did not differentially affect emotion recognition in patients and healthy controls. Yet, the results indicated a selective effect for IN OT, in which the hormone improves fear recognition only among individuals whose baseline performance was below the median, regardless of their psychiatric status.
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Hippocampal physiology, structure and function and the neuroscience of schizophrenia: a unified account of declarative memory deficits, working memory deficits and schizophrenic symptoms. Behav Sci (Basel) 2013; 3:298-315. [PMID: 25379240 PMCID: PMC4217628 DOI: 10.3390/bs3020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory impairment is a consistent feature of the schizophrenic syndrome. Hippocampal dysfunction has also been consistently demonstrated. This review will discuss neurophysiological and neuroanatomical aspects of memory formation and how they relate to memory impairment in schizophrenia. An understanding of the cellular physiology and connectivity of the hippocampus with other regions can also aid in understanding the relationship between schizophrenic declarative or relational memory deficits, working memory deficits and the clinical symptoms of the syndrome.
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Wible CG. Hippocampal temporal-parietal junction interaction in the production of psychotic symptoms: a framework for understanding the schizophrenic syndrome. Front Hum Neurosci 2012; 6:180. [PMID: 22737114 PMCID: PMC3381447 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A framework is described for understanding the schizophrenic syndrome at the brain systems level. It is hypothesized that over-activation of dynamic gesture and social perceptual processes in the temporal-parietal occipital junction (TPJ), posterior superior temporal sulcus (PSTS) and surrounding regions produce the syndrome (including positive and negative symptoms, their prevalence, prodromal signs, and cognitive deficits). Hippocampal system hyper-activity and atrophy have been consistently found in schizophrenia. Hippocampal activity is highly correlated with activity in the TPJ and may be a source of over-excitation of the TPJ and surrounding regions. Strong evidence for this comes from in-vivo recordings in humans during psychotic episodes. Many positive symptoms of schizophrenia can be reframed as the erroneous sense of a presence or other who is observing, acting, speaking, or controlling; these qualia are similar to those evoked during abnormal activation of the TPJ. The TPJ and PSTS play a key role in the perception (and production) of dynamic social, emotional, and attentional gestures for the self and others (e.g., body/face/eye gestures, audiovisual speech and prosody, and social attentional gestures such as eye gaze). The single cell representation of dynamic gestures is multimodal (auditory, visual, tactile), matching the predominant hallucinatory categories in schizophrenia. Inherent in the single cell perceptual signal of dynamic gesture representations is a computation of intention, agency, and anticipation or expectancy (for the self and others). Stimulation of the TPJ resulting in activation of the self representation has been shown to result a feeling of a presence or multiple presences (due to heautoscopy) and also bizarre tactile experiences. Neurons in the TPJ are also tuned, or biased to detect threat related emotions. Abnormal over-activation in this system could produce the conscious hallucination of a voice (audiovisual speech), a person or a touch. Over-activation could interfere with attentional/emotional gesture perception and production (negative symptoms). It could produce the unconscious feeling of being watched, followed, or of a social situation unfolding along with accompanying abnormal perception of intent and agency (delusions). Abnormal activity in the TPJ would also be predicted to create several cognitive disturbances that are characteristic of schizophrenia, including abnormalities in attention, predictive social processing, working memory, and a bias to erroneously perceive threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia G Wible
- Laboratory for Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Brockton MA, USA
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